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Hybrid Beamforming and DOA Algorithms for Smart Antenna System Deployed
in 5G Mobile Network

Article  in  International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology · March 2021

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY,
VOL.16, NO.2, MARCH 2021

Hybrid Beamforming and DoA Algorithms for

Smart Antenna System Deployed in 5G Network
Lamiae Squali*, Fatima Riouch, Hafid Tiyzi, Hanae Squali

Research laboratory in Telecommunication Systems, Networks and Services

National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications (INPT), Rabat, 10030, Morocco
E-mail: lamiae.sq@gmail.com
Abstract- Smart antenna (SA) system has recently
received an important interest for all the
enhancement it will bring to 5G mobile network.
This system of antennas includes a large number of
techniques that attempt to improve the received
signal and suppress all the interfering ones. Thus SA
system increases the received signal to noise ratio
(SNR) which in return reduces the bit error rate
(BER) and improves the throughput. The data rate
is also improved trough spatial multiplexing of more
than one data stream simultaneously, this will also
increase the capacity. The purpose of our article is
to find the most appropriate beamforming
technique and Direction of Arrival (DoA)
algorithm, which can be widely used for the design
of a smart antenna system deployed in 5G
communication.
Index Terms- Smart Antenna, Beamforming, DoA
algorithms, MUSIC, root MUSIC, ESPRIT.
I. INTRODUCTION
The multimedia data traffic conveyed by the
global mobile network is increasing, and this trend
is expected to continue, as indicated by Cisco
Visual Networking Index (VNI) [1]. Hence, more
capacity and throughput will be required
especially for 5G mobile network which brings
many new applications (IoT, smart city, Smart
home, eHealth, autonomous cars, etc.). In order to
attain these expectations, smart antenna (SA)
system is introduced in 5G network to serve the
massive number of devices. First of all, SA system
tries to estimate the DoA of the incoming signal
and then steers the maximum radiation in the
incident direction of the device.
In order to improve the power consumption and to
benefit from the multiple directional
beamforming, the hybrid beamforming was
recommended by 3GPP [2] for 5G application.
Concerning DoA algorithms, they have been
introduced in the last four decades. The
conventional methods were established at first
place; Beamscan, Bartlett, MVDR (Capon), etc.
But they couldn’t give an accurate estimation in
case of multiple sources and for highly correlated
sources. Consequently, new high resolution
methods were established giving higher accuracy
and stability. The most famous one are MUSIC,
root-MUSIC and ESPRIT. Some researchers have
stated that ESPRIT algorithm is significantly less
efficient from a statistical standpoint than MUSIC,
which gives more stable estimations for large
samples [3]. However, other researchers announce
that ESPRIT algorithm with the TLS solution
becomes more accurate then MUSIC method [4].
But, they confirm that MUSIC algorithm is less
sensitive to modeling errors compared to ESPRIT
algorithm. On the other hand, MUSIC estimator is
deployed for any array geometry, despite of
ESPRIT and root-MUSIC algorithms which are
applicable only for uniform linear array (ULA).
Nevertheless, MUSIC computation cost seems to
be its biggest limitation, but still Al-Ardi [5]
expects a higher cost for ESPRIT method when
the array size is greater than 25 elements. The
purpose of our paper is to confirm the accuracy
and the stability of MUSIC algorithm compared to
the other methods, especially in millimeter wave
band where the studies of DoA algorithms are still
limited. The performance of the DoA algorithms
is analyzed by considering some parameters as the
array size, the number of snapshots, the signal to
noise ratio (SNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE).

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