TOPIC 4

MATRICES
PART I I I
BY MUHAMMAD HAZIM FAHMI BIN MOHD
GHAFAR ( JMSK, PMU)
 IDENTIFY THE CHARACTER OF
MATRICES
MATRICES CONSTRUCT MATRICES
STATE THE TRANSPOSITION OF
THE MATRIX

DEMONSTRATE THE CALCULATE THE OPERATIONS OF

OPERATIONS OF MATRICES MATRICES: +, −,× &𝐼𝑁𝑉𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐸

SOLVE SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR

DEMONSTRATE THE
EQUATIONS UP TO 3 VARIABLES
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR
BY USING INVERSE MATRIX
EQUATIONS
METHOD & CRAMER’S RULE
LESSON LEARNING OUTCOME:
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENT AREABLE
TO:
- IDENTIFY THE CHARACTER OF MATRICES.
- SOLVE THE SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION BY USING
INVERSE METHODE.
 SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATION

INVERSE METHODE

❑ Determinant
CRAMER’S RULE
❑ Minor
❑ Cofactor
❑ Adjoint
❑ Inverse
 INVERSE METHOD

2x2 3x3
1.DETERMINANT D 1.DETERMINANT D
2.ADJOINT A 2.MINOR M
3.INVERSE I 3.COFACTOR C
4.ADJOINT A
5.INVERSE I
 INVERSE 2X2 MATRIX METHOD TO SOLVE
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
Steps to solve simultaneous equations using inverse matrix methode:

1 Consider the simultaneous equations:

x - 4y = 4
x - 2y = 1
2
A X = B
Write them in matrix form :
1 −4 𝑥 4
𝑦 =
1 −2 1
3 Determinant , Adjoint & Inverse (DAI)

STEP 1 : DETERMINANT (D) 2x2 matrix only

1 −4 𝑥 4
𝑦 =
1 −2 1

FORMULA :
1 −4
1 −2
𝐴 = (1 x-2) – (-4 x 1)
= (-2) – (-4)
=2
 3 Determinant , Adjoint & Inverse (DAI)

STEP 2 : ADJOINT(A) 2x 2 matrix only

FORMULA : 𝑎 𝑏 𝑑 −𝑏
𝑐 𝑑 −𝑐 𝑎

1 −4 −2 −(−4)
1 −2 −1 1
3 Determinant , Adjoint & Inverse (DAI)

STEP 3 : INVERSE (I) 2x 2 matrix only

1 𝑑 −𝑏
FORMULA : 𝐴−1 =
𝐴 −𝑐 𝑎

1 −2 4
𝐴−1 =
2 −1 1

−1 2
= −1 1
2 2
3 Determinant , Adjoint & Inverse (DAI)
A X = B
STEP 4 : VALUE OF X & Y
1 −4 𝑥 4
𝑦 =
1 −2 1
We know that AX = B
FORMULA :

So, X = 𝐴−1 𝐵

𝑥 −1 2 4
𝑦 = −
1 1
2 2 1

−4 + 2
= −2 + 1
2

−2
𝟑
𝑥 ∴ 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = −
𝑦 = −
3
𝟐
2
EXERCISE 1

Solve the simultaneous equations by using the inverse matrix

method.

5p + 2q = 7
2p - 3q -8 =3
 INVERSE 3X3 MATRIX METHOD TO SOLVE
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS
Steps to solve simultaneous equations using inverse matrix methode:

1 Consider the simultaneous equations:

4x -3y + z = 11
2x + y - 4z = -1
X + 2y – 2z = 1 A X = B
2 Write them in matrix form :
4 −3 1 𝑥 11
2 1 −4 𝑦 = −1
1 2 −2 𝑧 1
 3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 1 : DETERMINANT (D) 3x3 matrix only

4 −3 1 𝑥 11
2 1 −4 𝑦 = −1
1 2 −2 𝑧 1

Solution :
1 −4 2 −4 2 1
𝐴 =4 – (-3) +1
2 −2 1 −2 1 2

=4 1 × −2 − (−4 × 2 ) − (−3) 2 × −2 − ( −4 × 1 ) + 1 2 × 2 − (1 × 1 )

= 27
3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 1 : MINOR (M) 3x3 matrix only

𝑀11 𝑀12 𝑀13

𝑀21 𝑀22 𝑀23
𝑀31 𝑀32 𝑀33 * Element number of minor

Formula :

𝑒 𝑓 𝑑 𝑓 𝑑 𝑒
ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑒𝑖 − 𝑓ℎ 𝑑𝑖 − 𝑓𝑔 𝑑ℎ − 𝑒𝑔
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑑 𝑒 𝑓 𝑏𝑖 − 𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑖 − 𝑐𝑔 𝑎ℎ − 𝑏𝑔
ℎ 𝑖 𝑔 𝑖 𝑔 ℎ
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑏𝑓 − 𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑓 − 𝑐𝑑 𝑎𝑒 − 𝑏𝑑
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑒 𝑓 𝑑 𝑓 𝑑 𝑒
 3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 2 : MINOR (M) 3x3 matrix only

4 −3 1 𝑀11 𝑀12 𝑀13

2 1 −4 𝑀21 𝑀22 𝑀23
1 2 −2 𝑀31 𝑀32 𝑀33 * Element number of minor
* Matrix A from question
Solution :

1 −4 −3 1
𝑀11 = = 1 −2 − −4 2 = 6 𝑀21 = = −3 −2 − 1 2 = 4
2 −2 2 −2

2 −4 4 1
𝑀12 = = 2 −2 − (−4)(1) 𝑀22 = = 4 −2 − 1 1 = −9
1 −2 1 −2

2 1 4 −3
𝑀13 = =2 2 − 1 1 =3 𝑀23 = = 4 2 − −3 1 = 11
1 2 1 2
 3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 2 : MINOR (M) 3x3 matrix only

4 −3 1 𝑀11 𝑀12 𝑀13

2 1 −4 𝑀21 𝑀22 𝑀23
1 2 −2 * Matrix A from question 𝑀31 𝑀32 𝑀33 * Element number of minor

Solution :

−3 1
𝑀31 = = −3 −4 − 1 1 = 11
1 −4
Thus, the minor of A matrix is:
4 1
𝑀32 = = 4 −4 − 2 1 = −18
2 −4 6 0 3
4 −9 11
4 −3 11 −18 10
𝑀33 = = 4 1 − 2 −3 = 10
2 1
 3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 3 : Cofactor (C) 3x3 matrix only

+(𝑀11 ) −(𝑀12 ) +(𝑀13 )
𝑀11 𝑀12 𝑀13 + − +
𝑀21 𝑀22 𝑀23 − + − Cofactor A= −(𝑀21 ) +(𝑀22 ) −(𝑀23 )
𝑀31 𝑀32 𝑀33 + − + +(𝑀31 ) −(𝑀32 ) +(𝑀33 )

* Matrix A from minor answer

Solution :
6 0 3
Minor A = 4 −9 11
11 −18 10
+(6) −(0) +(3)
Cofactor A = −(4) +(−9) −(11)
+(11) −(−18) +(10)

6 0 3
= −4 −9 −11
11 18 10
 3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 4 : Adjoint (A) 3x3 matrix only

Cofactor A Adj(A) =𝐴𝑇

*Tranpose matrix cofactor A

6 0 3
Solution : Cofactor A= − 4 −9 −11
11 18 10

6 0 3
= −4 −9 −11
11 18 10

6 −4 11
Adj(A) = 𝐴𝑇 = −0 −9 18
3 −11 10
 3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 5 : Inverse (I) 3x3 matrix only

𝐴−1 = 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒
−1
1 𝐴 = Determinant
Formula : 𝐴 = (𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 )
(𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐴 )= Adjoint
𝐴
6 −4 11
1
Solution : 𝐴−1 = −0 −9 18
27
3 −11 10
6 −4 11
27 27 27
0 −9 18
= 27 27 27
3 −11 10
27 27 27

2 −4 11
9 27 27
−1 2
= 0 3 3
1 −11 10
9 27 27
 3 Determinant, Minor, Cofactor, Adjoint & Inverse (DMCAI)

STEP 5 : value of matrix X 3x3 matrix only

Solution :
Formula : We know that AX = B
2 −4 11
So, X= 𝑨−𝟏 𝑩 𝑥 9 27 27 11
−1 2
𝑦 = 0 −1
3 3
𝑧 1 −11 10 1
9 27 27

2 4 11
11 + − 27 −11 + 27 (1)
9
1 2
= 0 11 + − 3 −1 + 3 (1)
1 11 11 10
11 + − 27 − 27 −1 + 1
9 27

𝑥 3
𝑦 = 1
𝑧 2 ∴ x = 3, y = 1 and z = 2
EXERCISE 2

Solve the simultaneous equations by using the inverse matrix

method.

2a – b +3c = 2
a + 3b –c = 11
5c + 2a – 2b = 3
THE END OF
TOPIC 4 PART I I I
ANY QUESTIONS GUYS?
LESSON LEARNING OUTCOME:
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENT AREABLE
TO:
- IDENTIFY THE CHARACTER OF MATRICES.
- STATE THE TRANSPOSITION OF AMATRIX.
ANSWER OF EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1

Solve the simultaneous equations by using the inverse matrix

method.

5p + 2q = 7
2p - 3q -8 =3
EXERCISE 2

Solve the simultaneous equations by using the inverse matrix

method.

2a – b +3c = 2
a + 3b –c = 11
5c + 2a – 2b = 3