KALYANI GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NAME: RAHUL MOI

ROLL:10200321038
DEPARTMENT: ECE
SUBJECT: ANALOG COMMUNICATION
SUBJECT CODE:EC401
YEAR:2 ND (4TH SEM)

TOPIC NAME: TECHNICAL REPORT ON “ACTIVE BAND PASS

FILTER”

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  ABSTRACT:
This technical report provides an
overview of active band-pass filters. The report
explains the design and operation of active band-pass
filters and their applications in various fields, such as
audio signal processing, radio communication
systems, and biomedical signal processing.

Filters are four types-

 High pass filter
 Low pass filter
 Band pass filter
 Band stop filter
Again, Band pass filters are two types 1. Active Band Pass Filter
2.Passive Band Pass Filter

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
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 I. Introduction
II. Basic Theory and Principles of Active Band-Pass Filters
III. Active Band-Pass Filter Circuit Components and Design
IV. Frequency Response and Operation of Active Band-
Pass Filters
V. Applications of Active Band-Pass Filters
VI. Advantages and Limitations of Active Band-Pass Filters
VII. Conclusion
VIII. References

INTRODUCTION:
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Active band-pass filters are electronic circuits that allow only a specific
range of frequencies to pass through the filter. These types of filters are
commonly used in a variety of applications, including audio signal
processing, radio communication systems, and biomedical signal
processing. This technical report provides an overview of the design and
operation of active band-pass filters, their frequency response, and
applications.

Basic Theory and Principles of Active Band-Pass Filters:

Active band-pass filters are electronic circuits that allow a specific range of
frequencies to pass through while attenuating all other frequencies. The basic
theory and principles behind active band-pass filters involve the cascading of a
high-pass filter and a low-pass filter to create a pass-band.
A high-pass filter allows high-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating
low-frequency signals, while a low-pass filter allows low-frequency signals to pass
through while attenuating high-frequency signals. By cascading these two filters, a
pass-band is created that allows a specific range of frequencies to pass through.
An active band-pass filter uses an op-amp to create a feedback loop that controls
the gain and frequency response of the filter. The op-amp amplifies the output
signal and feeds it back to the input through a feedback network, which sets the
gain and frequency response of the filter.
The frequency response of an active band-pass filter can be analyzed using the
transfer function, which is the ratio of the output signal to the input signal. The
transfer function of an active band-pass filter can be represented mathematically
using complex numbers, which makes it easy to analyze the filter's frequency
response.
The gain of an active band-pass filter varies with frequency, with a peak gain
occurring at the center frequency of the pass-band. The bandwidth of the pass-band
is defined as the range of frequencies that fall within the -3dB points of the peak

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gain. The quality factor (Q) of the filter is a measure of the sharpness of the filter's
response, and is defined as the center frequency divided by the bandwidth.

Active Band-Pass Filter Circuit Components and

Design:

Frequency Response and Operation of Active

Band-Pass Filters:

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The frequency response of an active band-pass filter is a graphical representation
of the filter's gain as a function of frequency. The gain is the ratio of the output
voltage to the input voltage, and it is usually expressed in decibels (dB). The
frequency response graph of an active band-pass filter typically has a peak gain at
the center frequency, with the gain decreasing as the frequency moves away from
the center frequency. The bandwidth of the filter is defined as the range of
frequencies that fall within the -3dB points of the peak gain.
The operation of an active band-pass filter depends on the frequency range of the
input signal. If the input signal falls within the pass-band of the filter, it is
amplified by the filter with a gain determined by the frequency response of the
filter. If the input signal falls outside of the pass-band, it is attenuated by the filter.
The center frequency of an active band-pass filter is determined by the values of
the components used in the filter, specifically the resistors and capacitors. The
cutoff frequencies of the high-pass and low-pass filters that are cascaded together
to create the band-pass filter also affect the frequency response of the filter.
The quality factor (Q) of an active band-pass filter is a measure of the sharpness of
the filter's response. The higher the Q value, the sharper the filter's response. The Q
value is defined as the center frequency divided by the bandwidth of the filter.
Active band-pass filters can be designed with different orders, which refer to the
number of reactive components (inductors or capacitors) in the filter. A first-order
active band-pass filter contains one reactive component, either a capacitor or an
inductor. A second-order active band-pass filter contains two reactive components,
and so on. Higher-order filters have steeper roll-off characteristics and higher
selectivity, but they are also more complex to design and may require more
components

Applications of Active Band-Pass Filters:

I. Audio Signal Processing: Active band-pass filters are commonly used
in audio signal processing circuits to remove unwanted frequencies and
amplify specific frequency ranges, such as bass or treble.

II. Radio Frequency (RF) Signal Processing: Active band-pass filters are
used in RF signal processing circuits to filter out unwanted signals and
amplify specific frequency ranges.

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III. Biomedical Signal Processing: Active band-pass filters are used in
biomedical signal processing circuits to filter out noise and amplify specific
frequency ranges in biological signals, such as electroencephalogram (EEG)
or electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.

IV. Communication Systems: Active band-pass filters are used in

communication systems to filter out unwanted noise and amplify specific
frequency ranges in signals, such as in radio and television transmission
systems.

V. Instrumentation: Active band-pass filters are used in instrumentation

circuits to isolate and amplify specific frequency ranges in sensor signals,
such as in temperature or pressure sensors.

Advantages and Limitations of Active Band-

Pass Filters:
Advantages:
I. High-Quality Factor: Active band-pass filters have a
high-quality factor (Q) which allows for a sharp frequency
response and good selectivity. This makes them ideal for
applications where precise frequency control is required.
II. Adjustable Gain: The gain of an active band-pass filter can be
adjusted by changing the value of the feedback resistor, making it
suitable for a wide range of applications.
Limitations
I. Complexity: Active band-pass filters can be more
complex to design and implement than passive band-

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 pass filters, as they require an operational amplifier and
additional circuitry.
II.
II. Power Consumption: Active band-pass filters require a
power supply, which means that they consume more power
than passive filters.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, active band-pass filters are versatile electronic
circuits that are essential components in a variety of
applications. This technical report has provided an overview of
the design and operation of active band-pass filters, including
their frequency response, applications, and benefits. Active
band-pass filters offer significant advantages, such as high gain
and low noise, but also have limitations, such as component
tolerance sensitivity. Overall, active band-pass filters are an
effective solution for frequency filtering, and their applications
are vast.
References:
https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/
1.Carlson—Communication System,4/e , Mc-Graw Hill
2. Proakis & Salehi Fundamentals of Communication Systems- Pearson
3. Singh & Sapre—Communication Systems: 2/e, TMH
4. P K Ghosh- Principles of Electrical Communications- University Press

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