INDEX

 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS ADDICTION
 TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
 CAUSES OF ADDICTION
 EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
 DIAGNOSIS OF ADDICTION
 THE PROFILE OF FIVE PATIENTS
 TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
 SCENARIO OF ADDICTION
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION:
Addiction is one of the biggest disease of the world.
More than millions of the individual are struggling against addiction.Happiness of the
people by avoiding them to Get what they want and many of the people Were also not able
to take correct decision. According to the recent studies it has been Found that adolescent
are more vulnerable to Addiction.
Addiction is that type of diseases Whose
rehabilitation is very difficult. As we know
Prevention is better than cure so we can
Prevent our self from getting addicted by
not Living under peer pressure.

WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION ?

Addiction is the habitual, physiological,
psychological Dependence on a substance
or practice which is beyond Voluntary control.
A person who is habituated to a Substance
or a practice, especially a harmful one, is
Called an addict. Addiction is a chronic,
progressive and Sometimes fatal disorder
with both genetic and Environmental roots.
It manifests as a compulsion that Derives
an individual to continue to behave in a way
that is harmful to self and loved ones,
despite an intense desire to halt that behaviour.
It is a disease of “more”- an active
Addict needs an increasing amount of
Substance to get High and is unable to cease
usage without painful Withdrawal symptoms.
This is true whether the Addictive substance is a drug
Or tobacco or alcohol or a Behaviour. Medically,
Addiction is of three types :
 Tobacco Addiction, TOBACCO ADDICTION →
 Alcohol Addiction,
 Drug Addiction.

DRUGS ADDICTION

ALCOHOL ADDICTION

TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE:-

 Heroin
 Cocaine
 Crack
 Hallucinogens
 Cannabinoid
 Alcohol
 Heroin:-
°As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to
seizures, psychosis, And hallucinations when it is
abused.
°Heroin injections can also spread diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus and
hepatitis.

° This drug is known to cause serious health

issues when it is abused Because it interferes
with the brain’s receptors.
°Once heroin enters the brain, it is converted to
morphine and Binds rapidly to opioid receptors
°With heroin, the rush is usually accompanied
by a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and
a heavy feeling in the extremities.


 Opioids can depress breathing by changing neurochemical Activity in the brain

stem, where automatic body functions such as Breathing and heart rate are
controlled.
 Commonly used as smack Heroin is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white,
odorless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine
which is extracted from latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum. Generally taken
by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body function.
  COCAINE:-

° Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant

even when taken in small amounts. It
N n. induces euphoria, increases blood
B b b. pressure, and accelerates the heart rate.
° The drug may lead to fatal strokes or
B b b. heart attacks for some users.

° Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong

stimulant most frequently used as a recreational
drug.
°Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical
uses Such as numbing and decreasing bleeding
during nasal Surgery.

° It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and Injected into a vein.

°It is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca, native to South America.
° It interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine.
 Crack:-

°A potent form of cocaine, crack is often

smoked and suddenly creates an intense
euphoric sensation for a short while.

°Crack has turned into a problem

because it is cheap and easy to buy and
use. Abusing the substance, However,
can lead to immediate addiction.

° Abusers are also at risk of suffering heart

attacks and strokes with every use. Long-term
use can cause liver, can cause liver, kidney, and lung damage.

°The short-term physiological effects of cocaine

include constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils,
and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood
pressure.
 HALLUCINOGENS:

°Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that

cause profound distortion In a person’s
............................... perceptions of reality, otherwise known
As Hallucinations.
°PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic
acid diethylamide) are Hallucinogens,
which means that they make users feel,
see, and Hear things that are not real.

°While they experience hallucinations with

these drugs, Users lose touch with reality
and enter mental states of Disconnection.

°Atropa belladona and datura also contain

Hallucinogenic properties.

HALLUCINOGENS PLANTS ----------↓

  CANNABINOIDS:-
° Cannabinoids is the most common illegal drug
that is Abused, and many people begin using it
as a Recreational drug in social situations.

°Continued abuse of marijuana can lead to

addiction, and the substance can affect the
physical coordination, memory, and mental functions of users over time.

°In humans, psychoactive cannabinoids produce

euphoria, enhancement of sensory perception,
tachycardia, antinociception, difficulties in
concentration and impairment of memory.
The cognitive deficiencies seem to persist after
withdrawal.
°Although there are studies that show potential
benefits from Cannabinoids, there are many side
effects from taking the drug. This shows that an
addiction to this natural drug Can be hazardous.

°Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa.
The flower tops, leaves and the resin of the plant are used in various combinations to
produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. Generally taken by inhalation and oral
ingestion, these are known for their effects on cardiovascular system of the body.
 ALCOHOL :-

° Abusing alcohol can cause psychological,

physical, and Social problems, and it can lead to
the destruction of Relationships, friendships, and
marriages.
°Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to injury or
death to the people around them while they are
under the Influence.

° Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because of

delirium Tremens, which is a symptom with
the potential to trigger Heart failure or stroke.
Refraining from drinking also is not Easy
when it becomes a habit because of mental and
Physical issues.

° The liver is an organ which helps break down and

Remove harmful substances from your body,
including Alcohol. Long-term alcohol use
interferes with this Process. It also increases your risk for chronic liver Inflammation and
liver disease.
CAUSES OF ADDICTION:-

 ° Drug use is often voluntary in the first

 ß instance. The development of a full addiction
occurs through a Variety of circumstances.

 °However, the brain changes during a substance-

 related disorder in ways that can take a long
 ............ time to bring back to a healthy state.

°A person whose brain’s reward circuitry has not

altered as a result of addiction experiences positive Feelings in relation to generally
rewarding behaviors, such as exercising, being with family, or Consuming delicious
food. These should all make a person feel good

 Some of the causes of addiction are :-

1. Peer pressure
2. Stress and depression
3. Lack of education
4. Religious rituals
EFFECTS OF ADDICTION:-

° Fatigue - the patient is tired most ofthe

time.
° Memory loss – especially the patient’s
short-term memory.
° Eye muscles – the eye muscles can
Become significantly Weaker.
° Liver diseases – the patient has a
considerably higher chance of developing
hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the
liver is an Irreversible and progressive
Condition.

° Heart problems – regular heaving drinking can lead to Cardiomyopathy (damaged heart
muscle), heart failure, and Stroke.

° Menstruation – alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or Disrupt it.

° Cancer – alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing Several cancers, including
cancer of the mouth, oesophagus, Liver, colon, rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx.

° Suicide – suicide rates among people who are alcohol-Dependent or who abuse alcohol
are much higher than among Other people.
EFFECTS ON LUNGS :-

°Drug use can lead to a variety of respiratory problems. Smoking cigarettes,

for example, has been shown to cause Bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.
Marijuana smoke Can also cause respiratory problems, including chronic
Bronchitis. Smoking crack cocaine can also cause lung Damage and severe
respiratory problems. The use of some Drugs, such as opioids, may cause
breathing to slow, block Air from entering the lungs, or make asthma
symptoms Worse

°Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air
sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs. Lung diseases caused by smoking include
COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Cigarette smoking
causes most cases of lung cancer.
EFFECTS ON BRAIN :

Bhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. °Drugs interfere with the way neurons send,

receive, and Process signals via neurotransmitters.
Some drugs, such as Marijuana and heroin, can
activate neurons because their Chemical structure
Bb mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter in
The body. This allows the drugs to attach onto and activate the Neurons. Although these
drugs mimic the brain’s own Chemicals, they don’t activate neurons in the same way as a
Natural neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal messages Being sent through the
network.

° Other drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the Neurons to release
abnormally large amounts of natural Neurotransmitters or prevent the normal recycling of
these Brain chemicals by interfering with transporters.
PREVENTION & CONTROL:-

“Prevention is better than cure” is also true here. Tobacco, drug/alcohol abuse
are more during Young age and adolescence. The remedial measure should be
taken in time. The following Measures would be particularly useful for
prevention and control of alcohol and addiction during Adolescents.
1.Avoid undue Peer pressure.
2.Education and counselling.
3.Seeking help from parents and peers.
4.Looking for Danger Signs.
5.Seeking Professional and Medical helps.
DIAGNOSIS OF ADDICTION:-

° Blood test or imaging scan can determine whether Somebody is addicted to drug or
alcohol or smoking, and To what degree .Blood test – this may be ordered to determine
whether the Substance is still in the blood (whether the substance has Been taken
recently). It is not used to diagnose addiction .A GP (general practitioner, primary care
physician) can Help the patient determine their degree of dependence By asking pertinent
questions, or using a specific Questionnaire.

° Although there’s no cure for drug addiction, treatment Options explained below can help
you overcome an Addiction and stay drug-free. Your treatment depends on The drug used
and any related medical or mental health Disorders you may have. Long-term follow-up is
important To prevent relapse.
CASE STUDIES OF 5 PATIENT:-
TREATMENT OF ADDICTION:-

Njjjjjjjjmm. ° Do-it-yourself - experts say about 30% of

people with an alcohol problem manage to
B. reduce their drinking or abstain without
B. seeking professional help. There is a great
deal of material in books and the internet that
Bbb may help the self-helper.

° Counselling – a qualified counsellor can help the alcoholic Talk through his/her
problems and then devise a plan to Tackle the drinking. CBT (cognitive behavioral
therapy) is Commonly used to treat alcohol dependency.

° Detoxification - the patient takes some medication to prevent withdrawal symptoms

(delirium tremens) which many alcoholics experience when they give up drinking.
SCENARIO OF DRUG ADDICTION
CONCLUSION:-

° Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and disability in the world.

° Recent advances in neuroscience may help improve policies to reduce the

harm that the Use of tobacco , alcohol, and other psychoactive drugs act on
society.

°This report is concerned with the implications of drug use for workplace
safety and Productivity. It examines the prevalence of alcohol and other drug
use by the U.S. work Force, the impact of such use on job-related behavior, and
the effectiveness of workplace Drug intervention programs.

°This emphasis on workplace productivity rather than social consequences

affects the Purpose, methods, and evaluation criteria used in this report, just as
it often affects Researchers investigating these issues.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

Special thanks to the following source: -

• Internet (Wikipedia)

• NCERT biology class XII

• Some diabetic patients

• Online library
END OF THE PROJECT

THANK YOU