Senior High School

Grade 11

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

ENGLISH LEARNING KIT

Second Quarter – Week 6

Conducting Surveys, Experiments,

or Observations

Development Team of English Learning Kit

Writers: Rosalie S. Damaso

Illustrators: Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Mark T. Dasa
Layout Artists: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Jun Victor F. Bactan
Ricky T. Salabe, Ma. Jonalyn O. Gegato
Division Quality Assurance Team:
Lilibeth E. Larupay, Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion
Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Ma. Jonalyn O. Gegato
Ruby D. Blando, Bonafe T. Davasol
Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion

Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)

Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-lie-j-8)
 Conducting Surveys, Experiments, or Observations

TARGETS

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. establish clear objectives in the survey, experiment or
observation process;
2. identify key considerations that may arise during the conduct of
survey, experiment or observations; and
3. conduct surveys, experiments, or observations;

EXPLORE

When you are looking for someone’s opinion, you

can immediately ask for it, right? It’s easy when you are
just dealing with one or few people. In some cases, what
will you do if you want to get the opinion of an entire town
or an entire population?
How will you understand the natural behaviors or
actions of a certain group of people? With this, let us learn
how to conduct survey, experiment or observations.

1. What are surveys, experiments or observations?

2. Why should you conduct surveys, experiments or observations?
3. Why are goals and objectives important in the conduct of surveys, experiments, or
observations?
4. What are the key considerations during the conduct of surveys, experiments, or
observations?

Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)
 KEEP THIS IN MIND

Conducting research can be done very simply, or it

can be very complicated depending on the goals and
objectives you have included in your study.
This process helps you gain deeper understanding of
the scientific process and expand your knowledge on what
you already know.

WH AT ARE SURVEYS? 1
Surveys are forms of an observational study. The researchers collect
information from a sample group to learn about the entire population. A survey may
focus on opinions or factual information depending upon the purpose of the study. It
can be in a form of a questionnaire or this can be interviewed by a researcher.
You can collect information about the behaviors, needs, and opinions using
surveys. Surveys can be used to find out attitudes and reactions, to measure client
satisfaction, to gauge opinions about various issues, and to add credibility to your
research.
You can use surveys to measure ideas or opinions about community issues
related to your topic. For example, you may want to know how many people use your
services, what users think about your services, what new users expect from your
services, and whether users are satisfied with what you provide.
Online survey or internet survey is an advantageous data collection at this
moment of pandemic because you don’t need to have a face to face contact with
your participants. You only need to send a set of survey questions to a target sample
and they can respond to the questions thru mediums such as email, embedded over
website, social media and others.
Advantages of online survey:

1 Pride, Ferel. Marketing. South-Western Cengage Learning. Accessed September 15, 2020.
https://www.sparkchart.com/survey-goals-objectives/.

Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)
 1. Ease of data gathering
2. Minimal cost
3. Increase in response rate
4. Saves time
5. Convenient
Steps in Conducting a Survey:
1. Determine who will participate in the survey.
2. Decide the type of survey whether in a form of a questionnaire or an
interview.
3. Design the survey question and layout.
4. Distribute/Send the survey via social media, email or other means.
5. Analyze the responses.
6. Write up the results.
WHAT IS AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY?
Observational Study - is a form of a non-experimental research designed to
observe behaviours in a natural environment. The sample population being studied
is measured, or surveyed. It measures the characteristics of a population by
studying individuals in a sample. The researcher observes the subjects and
measures variables without any attempt to manipulate or influence the variables of
interest. Instead, the data are simply gathered and investigated.
Observation is a fundamental and the basic method of getting information
through careful watching of the things and trying to understand them in depth in
order to get some information about them. It is used to evaluate the overt behaviour
of individuals in either controlled or uncontrolled situation.
Observation means accurate watching, noting the phenomenon by which they
occur in the nature with regard to the cause and effect of mutual relations, (Oxford
Concise Dictionary).
Real world observations and case studies are referred to as observational
research. Observing the behaviours of animals in the wild is an example of
observational study.
Advantages of Observational study:
1. Simplest method
2. Accurate and reliable data collection
Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)
 3. Proximity to real life situations
4. Cheaper than any other data-collection method

WHAT IS AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH?

Experimental research is a systematic and scientific approach to research in
which one variable is manipulated and the rest of the variables are controlled. It uses
two sets of variables. The first set is used as a constant variable which you use to
measure the difference of the second set. It is used to establish the existence of
cause-and-effect relationship.
At the start of the experiment, the control and the treatment groups must be
selected.
Stages of Conducting Experimental Research:
1. Specify the sample groups. Groups must be selected at random from a
wide selection of sample population which allows result to be generalized
to the population as a whole.
2. Sample groups are divided into control groups and the test groups to
reduce the possibility of experimental error or bias when conducting an
experiment.
3. Determine the time scale and frequency of sampling.
4. The independent variable is manipulated, generating usable data set for the
dependent variable.
5. Raw data are gathered and analyzed by statistical means to allow the
researcher to establish if there is any relationship between the variables
and accept or reject the null hypothesis.

WHY ARE OBJECTIVES IMPORTANT ON SURVEY, EXPERIMENT, OR

OBSERVATIONS?
Establishing clear goals and objectives is an essential first step in the
research process. This is where to start if you want to engage your respondents and
get valid feedback that will help you make the right decisions.
The objectives are specific and measurable steps to meet the research goal.
The objectives provide a framework for asking the right questions. Once you have
specific and measurable objectives, you can start to think about writing research
Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)
questions. As an example, identifying the demographic characteristics of the group
is often an important survey objective. If you fail to ask important demographic
questions then you won’t be able to analyse the research results. Start by writing an
overall goal and then break it down into objectives. Your research objectives are the
answer to the question, “What are you doing?” you need to clearly describe what
your intentions are and what you hope to achieve. Say in simple terms, the aims of
your study. When you write them, make sure they are specific, measurable,
achievable, realistic and time constrained or SMART.
Take a look at this example:
Aim
1. This study aims to make an action plan for the poor reading difficulties of
the Grade 7 students of Don Casimero Andrada National High School.
Objectives of the study:
1. Identify the level of reading comprehension of Grade 7 students.
2. Find out reading difficulties and problems in reading comprehension.
3. Develop understanding of various methods being used for reading
comprehension.
4. Provide suggestions to improve reading skills of students.
With clear objectives in mind, you can confidently focus on designing the
detailed study. Once you established the key objectives for your study, the next step
is to outline how you will achieve them.
There are key considerations on the conduct of your study especially on
survey, experiment or observation.
Step 1: Defining issues or problems. The researcher takes into account the
purpose of the study, relevant background information and needed information. A
research problem is a question that answers a particular issue. For example, “What
are the effects of absenteeism on students’ performance in English 9?”
The research problem is a statement about an area of concern, questions,
and queries for the improvement of a condition.
Step 2: Designing the research project. How are you going to solve the
issue or problem identified? What are the necessary procedures in getting the
needed information from the target samples? What is the sampling process and the
sample size? How are you going to design the questionnaire? It answers the
Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)
questions—what, when, where, why and how about the information to be collected
for the study. It is a process of making decisions with respect to the types of data
required, sources of data; method of data collection and preparation of tools such as
survey questionnaire, interview and sample design.
Step 3: Collecting data. How are you going to obtain the information in order
to answer to the queries posted? In this step, the researcher tests the hypothesis
whether to accept, change, or reject. For example, if we want to know the root
cause of absenteeism of students in a particular school, the researcher will collect
data on defined variables. For example; the distance of home to school, the living
standard of the family, teacher factors, etc.
Step 4: Interpreting research data. It focuses on examining the data and
coming up with a conclusion in order to solve the problem. It includes coding,
classification and tabulation of gathered data. The researcher tries to formulate
generalisations or a scientific theory.
Step 5: Report research findings. Findings are presented in a
comprehensible format using tables, graphs and figures to enhance clarity and
vividness.

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

ACTIVITY 1. IT’S YOUR TURN!

Directions: Copy the table and determine the advantages and disadvantages of a
written survey. Do this on your activity notebook.

Advantages of Survey Disadvantages of Survey

ACTIVITY 2. WORK ON THIS!

Directions: Interview a student in your community, preferably your family member
or neighbor. Then, summarize the information you have gathered in 2 to
Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)
3 paragraphs. Write your answers on your activity notebook or type them on a short
bond paper. Please be guided by the following questions in conducting your
interview.

1. What are the students’ experiences on modular print/digital education?

2. What are the views and reflections of students on modular print/ digital
education?

REFLECT

Well done! You have shown great

improvement after accomplishing all the tasks in
each lesson. This time you will reflect on your work
and rate your confidence.

Grade 11-English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Competency: Conduct surveys, experiments or observations; (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-lie-j-8)