YEAST AND MOLDS

YEAST
- Unicellular
- Non-filamentous
- Exist in body temp 36.5 -37

MOLDS
- Multicellular
- Filamentous
- Exist in room temp

Medical mycology – study of mycoses with associated treatment

4 types of mycoses
- Superficial
- Cutaneous
- Subcutaneous
- Systemic

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES

CA: Dermatophytes
1. Epidermophyton
• Skin and Nails
2. Microsporum
• Skin and Hair
3. Trichophyton
• Skin, Hair and Nails

COMMON LOCATIONS:
1. Feet (Tinea Pedis) – T. rubrub; T metagrophytes; E. flocossum
2. Groin (Tinea Cruris) - T. rubrub; T metagrophytes; E. flocossum
3. Hands (Tinea Manuum) - T. rubrub; T metagrophytes; E. flocossum
4. Trunk (Tinea Corporis) – T. rubrub; E. flocossum
5. Beard/Chin (Tinea Barbae) – T. mentagrophytes
6. Scalp/Head (Tinea Capitis) – T. mentagrophytes; M. canis

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES

1. Black Piedra
o Aka: Tinea nodosa
o Black nodules
o CA: Piedra hortae
2. White Piedra
o Biege nodules
o Hairshaft
o CA: Trichosporon beigelli
3. Pityriasis
o Aka: Tinea Versicolor
o “An-An”
o CA: Malassezia furfur
4. Tinea nigra
o CA: Exophiala wernecki
o Black and brown lesions in the palm and soles

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

SPOROTRICHOSIS
- CA: Sporothrix schenkii
 - disease of the gardeners and florist (occupational disease)
- rose thorns, soil, tree bar
- cm: nodule formation - lymphatic drainage

MYCETOMA
- AKA: “MADURA FOOT” – barefoot individuals
- CA: Madurella microorganism
- CM: Abscess formation sa paa/suppuration

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
- CM: Warty-like lesions along the lymphatic drainage

SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

-usually the CA is the dimorphic fungi

-treatment is broad-spectrum
- targets the respiratory system
- primary lesion is in the respiratory system usually the lungs
- treatment depends on severity of the infection
- Itraconazole & Amphotericin B

1. Coccidiodomycosis
- C. immitis
- CM: San Joaquin Valley Fever
2. Histoplasmosis
- Bat droppings
- Usual patients: cave explorers
- “Spelunker’s disease”
- CA: Histoplasma capsulatum
- Mimics tubercolusis
3. South American Blastomycosis
- CA: Paracoccidio – brasillensis
- CM: Oral lesions – painful – pharyngeal & oral ulcers
4. North American Blastomycosis
- CA: Blastomyces dermatitis

Assignment 1: OPPURTUNISTIC INFECTION

- Give 5 opportunistic infections or give all
- Clinical manifestation of Fungal (Not Bacterial)
- Causative agent
- Deadline: Monday morning
Assignment 2: ANTIFUNGAL
- What is the treatment for superficial mycoses, serious systemic infection, and less serious
- Each antifungal Give Mechanism of action
- Group them by classification/categories
- Azole
- Determine if old or new azole

C20: PARASITIC INFECTION

Assignment 3: Define each type of host

- Definitive
- Intermediate
- Accidental
- Dead-end

Fungal – causes destruction in tissues

Parasitic – destruction of individual cells
Skin
LEISHMANIASIS

- Vector: sandfly
- Forms:
o Cutaneous – L. tropica & L. Mexicana
o Mucucutaneous – L. braziliensis (common name: Espundia)
o Visceral – Kala – AZAR ; L. donovani
- DOC:
o Stibogluconate

EYES
TOXOPLASMOSIS
- Definitive host: CAT
- Mode of transmission: inhalation of cyst from cat’s feces; ingestion of
- CM: cervical lymphadenopathy
- DOC: Daraprim
- Alternative drug: Clindamycin

GI tract
AMEBIASIS
- S&S: Abdominal pain, mabahong popo,
- CM: amebic liver abscess
- DOC: Metronidazole
o T - Trichomoniasis
o A – Amebiasis
o G – Giardiasis

BALANTIDIASIS

CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS
- Rehydrate to avoid dehydration kay since diarrhea

CYCLOSPORIASIS
- Fruits and vegetables
- DOC: SMX-TMP commonly known as Cotrimoxazole
- Dihydrofolate reductase – magkaiba ng ininhibit na enzyme an smx and tmp

Assignment #4:
- Determine the enzymes that inhibit SMX and TMP

TRICHOMONIASIS
- Discharge: yellow-green frothy vaginal discharge, yellow curdy discharge
- -fishy odor
- DOC: METRONIDAZOLE

Assignment #5
- Differentiate the two trypanosomiasis based on
o Mode of transmission
o common name
o causative agent
o signs and symptoms
o cm and
o doc (Make this in a table form)
- Trypanosomiasis ( African and American)

MALARIA
ASSIGNMENT # 6 :
- Classify kung sinong microorganism ang nag caucause ng malignant tertian malaria, benign tertian
malaria, quartan malaria

- CA: female anopheles mosquito

- Treatment depends on species
o Ovale vivax – primaquine
o Ovale parcifarum – chloroquine (non resistant)
- Quinine – resistant
- Alternative: Fansidar, Mefloquine

HELMINTHS
- Magmake daw si doc hin table for this

ANNOUNCEMENTS:

- We will discuss this not on Monday because may duty si doc

- Wa pa upload sa quiz
- Monday submission of assignments
- Class output is by pair (idk han instructions heheh) maybe may aram kayo sa 2B
- F2F (FRIDAY)
- EXAM - saturday evening