Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY

Goa, Camarines Sur

College of Engineering and Technology

Module 1
INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMICS

Name of Student: _________________________________ Week No: ____________

Course Code: E-7 Name of Faculty: ENGR. JOHN KEVIN C. GAVICA
Course Title: DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

I. OBJECTIVES:
- Discuss the basic concepts of mechanics.
- Introduce the Newton’s Laws and units used in dynamics problems.
- Discuss the Newton’s law of gravitation and solve problems.

II. LESSON
A. INTRODUCTION
Dynamics is that branch of mechanics which deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces.
The study of dynamics in engineering usually follows the study of statics, which deals with the effects of forces on
bodies at rest. Dynamics has two distinct parts: kinematics, which is the study of motion without reference to the
forces which cause motion, and kinetics, which relates the action of forces on bodies to their resulting motions.
In this module, we will learn about the basic concepts of dynamics. This is basically a review of some of
the topics of discussed in your Physics subject.

B. BASIC CONCEPTS
• Force
Force is the push or pull exerted by one body on another. A force acting on a body is typically
represented by a vector at a point of the body. What we strictly mean here is that the force acts at a point of
the region occupied by the body, but we often identify a body with a region occupied by it, except those
portions of space containing zero or negligible mass can be included in or excluded from the region without
affecting the identification.
• Space
Space defines the position of physical bodies and their extent. The objects under consideration in
mechanics have some position in space and occupy some part of the space.
• Time
Time is the continuous sequence of events that happen in succession, from past through present to
the future.
• Mass
Mass is the measure of resistance of an object to the change in its position when a force is applied.
Mass is a constant property of matter so it does not change whether if you are on earth or theoretically on
another planet.

C. NEWTON’S LAWS
• First Law of Motion
The Newton’s First Law which is also known as the Law of Inertia states that a body is at rest or in
uniform motion unless an external force acts upon it.
• Second Law of Motion
This states that the change in the rate of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force
applied to it. The law is defined by the equation
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
Where: F = force, N
m = mass, kg
a = acceleration, m/s2
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Goa, Camarines Sur

• Third Law of Motion

This states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

D. UNITS

SI UNITS U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS

QUANTITY DIMENSIONAL SYMBOL UNIT SYMBOL UNIT SYMBOL
Mass M kilogram kg slug --
Length L meter m feet ft
Time T second s second sec
Force F Newton N Pound lb

E. GRAVITATION
Newton’s law of gravitation, which governs the mutual attraction between bodies, is
𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟2
Where: 𝐹 = the mutual force of attraction between two particles
𝐺 = a universal constant called the constant of gravitation
𝑚1 𝑚2 = the masses of the two particles
𝑟 = the distance between the centers of the particles
𝐺 = 6.67 𝑥 10−11 m3 /(kg ∙ s 2 ) or 𝐺 = 3.44 𝑥 10−8 ft 3 /(slugs ∙ s 2 )
Acceleration due to gravity,
𝑔 = 9.81 m/s 2 or 32.2 ft/s 2
Apparent weight,
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
Where: W = weight of an object
m = mass
g = acceleration due to gravity

Example 1.1
(70) A person is standing at sea level which is 6.38 × 106 m from the earth’s center. Determine the gravitational
`
attraction F between the earth (𝑚 = 5.98 × 1024 kg) and the person.

Solution:
𝑚1 𝑚2
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟2
(6.67 𝑥 10−11 m3 /(kg ∙ s 2 ))(5.98 × 1024 kg)(70 kg)
𝐹=
(6.38 × 106 m)2
𝑭 = 𝟔𝟖𝟔 𝐍

Example 1.2.
An astronaut has a weight of 600 N on earth. What is his weight on the moon where 𝑔 = 1.6 m/s 2 ?

Solution:
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑊
𝑚=
𝑔
600 N
𝑚=
9.81 m/s 2
𝑚 = 61.16 kg ← mass on earth
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Goa, Camarines Sur

Since mass is the same wherever you are,

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑊 = (61.16 kg)(1.6 m/s 2 )
𝑾 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟖𝟔 𝐍 ← weight on the moon

III. LEARNING ACTIVITY

Solve two problems of your choice that pertains to the current topic. Show all necessary solutions (given,
required, and solution) and box all final answers.

IV. LEARNING ASSESSMENT

Solve the following problems. Show all necessary solutions (given, required, and solution) and box all final
answers.
1. A person weighs 30 N on the moon, where g = 1.6 m/s2. Determine (a) the mass of the person; and (b)
the weight of the person on earth.
2. Convert 1.5 km/h to mm/s.
3. For a 3600-lb car, determine (a) its weight in Newtons, and (b) its mass in kilograms.
4. Two identical spheres of mass 3 kg and radius 1 m are placed in contact. Find the gravitational
attraction between them.

V. REFERENCES
• Hibbeler, Russell C. (2021). Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics (15th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Meriam, J.L. and Kraige, L.G. (2018). Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics (9th ed.). Wiley
• Pytel, Andrew and Kiusalaas, Jaan. (2017). Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics (4th ed.). Cengage
Learning.

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved:

ENGR. JOHN KEVIN C. GAVICA ENGR. RAMON R. REYES, JR. MORIEL L. PRADO, Ph.D. S.E.
FACULTY PROGRAM DIRECTOR DEAN