Monica Joyce B.

Tito

BSN 2C

ACTIVITY NO. 2

Research about:

 Material object of philosophy

 Formal object of philosophy
 Methods of philosophizing
 Four major branches of philosophy

 Material Object.

Material Object is the subject matter of a science

- the field in which the science works (Glenn, 1957). For instance, in
cosmology the material object encompasses the whole universe, from the
largest galaxies to the minimal subatomic particle. In the philosophy, the material object is all
things.

 Formal Object.

Formal Object is the special thing for which the science seeks in that field, that is to say, the
special aim, end-in-view, point-of-focus that the science has in dealing with the subject matter
(Glenn, 1957). For instance, in cosmology the special point-of-focus, for which it seeks in the
study of the universe, is its origin, evolution, structure, and by extension, humanity’s place in it.
Its two subdivisions, viz., the formal object QUOD and the formal object QUO can clearly
illustrate its meaning.

a) Objectum Formale Quod of Philosophy. Objectum Formale Quod is the special or

immediate viewpoint from which a thing is considered. For example, a tree may be
considered from a viewpoint of its color or its shape, whether it is material or living,
whether it is a being as opposed to nothing, etc (Reyes, 1988).
b) Objectum Formale Quo of Philosophy. Objectum Formale Quo (or the medium) is the
light or vehicle by which the science studies its object. For instance the formal medium
for color is light; for sound, air; and, for scientific knowledge, reasoning (Reyes, 1988). In
the case of philosophy, the material object is all beings. The formal object quod is the
first causes and the highest principles of beings.
 Methods of philosophizing

Philosophy is love of wisdom. Philosophizing is a way to reveal the truth about the various
stages of life and everything associated with it and to reveal the fulfillment of the purpose for
each stage of the life and to express the way for the realization of these things are in a relevant
way, inORDER to obtain the best compromise of all that we face. Through philosophizing
should not merely deepening our understanding about something, but that we are more aware
about how something can be beneficial to us or not with a certain way peculiar to ourselves
personally. Whether we are using logical thinking, spirituality or any other means to
understand something, but eventually, it must guide us to an essential (deeper) understanding
about ourselves and place where we live and that can be used by us to make a better adjustment
in all that we face. Otherwise maybe it’s just theoretical and meaningless. That’s love of
wisdom, not just theoretical or an euphoria, but to put us closer to a better life relevantly for us
personally. Because philosophizing doesn’t depend on just logical thinking and stop right there.
This understanding about how do we do philosophizing” can be used as a reminder that “love
of wisdom” shouldn’t be narrowed to a condition which put us to use rational argument only. It
has to do with “to be open minded” and for our better life (not just emotional debate, not giving
clear decision for what should we do). Because if we love qualities, then we must have it
appropriately, otherwise it’s not the kind of loving. That’s the consequences of love. Essentially,
philosophizing should make us know things as it is, and implement it appropriately, gradually,
become better and better constantly. In other words: To Be Open Minded To Know Something
As It Is And Act Upon It As It Should Be Relevantly Within Priorities (Seremonia, 2013)

 Four major branches of philosophy

.
 Metaphysics

At its core the study of metaphysics is the study of the nature of reality, of what exists in the
world, what it is like, and how it is ordered. In metaphysics philosophers wrestle with such
questions as:

 Is there a God?
 What is truth?
 What is a person? What makes a person the same through time?
 Is the world strictly composed of matter?
 Do people have minds? If so, how is the mind related to the body?
 Do people have free wills?
 What is it for one event to cause another

 Epistemology

Epistemology is the study of knowledge. It is primarily concerned with what we can know
about the world and how we can know it. Typical questions of concern in epistemology are:

 What is knowledge?
 Do we know anything at all?
 How do we know what we know?
 Can we be justified in claiming to know certain things?
  Ethics

The study of ethics often concerns what we ought to do and what it would be best to do. In
struggling with this issue, larger questions about what is good and right arise. So, the ethicist
attempts to answer such questions as:

 What is good? What makes actions or people good?

 What is right? What makes actions right?
 Is morality objective or subjective?
 How should I treat others?

 Logic

Another important aspect of the study of philosophy is the arguments or reasons given for
people’s answers to these questions. To this end philosophers employ logic to study the
nature and structure of arguments. Logicians ask such questions as:

 What constitutes "good" or "bad" reasoning?

 How do we determine whether a given piece of reasoning is good or bad?

1. How are you going to apply Phylosophy in our day to day life?

I can apply Phylosophy in my daily life by enabling myself to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments and problems. Also, in the problem
solving and decision making, I’ll use my ability to analize a problem or dilemma, identify its
significant aspects and come up with alternative solutions.