1

1
IP Addressing

Two Versions of Addressing Scheme

IP version 4 32 bit addressing

IP version 6 128 bit addressing

2
IP Address Classes

Total IP Addressing Scheme is divided

into 5 Classes

CLASS A

CLASS B LAN & WAN

CLASS C

CLASS D Multicasting

CLASS E Research & Development

3
Priority Bit Concept

To identify the range of each class

a bit called priority bit is used.

Priority Bit is the left most bits in the First Octet

CLASS A priority bit is 0

CLASS B priority bit is 10

CLASS C priority bit is 110

CLASS D priority bit is 1110

CLASS E priority bit is 1111

4

4
Class Ranges

CLASS A Range 0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

CLASS B Range 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

CLASS C Range 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255

CLASS D Range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

CLASS E Range 240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255

5
Octet Format

IP address is divided into Network & Host Portion

CLASS A is written as N.H.H.H

CLASS B is written as N.N.H.H

CLASS C is written as N.N.N.H

6
Logical Topologies

Workgroup Model or Peer-To-Peer Model

Domain Model or Client/Server Model

7
Peer-to-Peer Network Model

Sys1 Sys2
Os: win XP Os: win 2k
User: u1 User: u2

Sys3 Sys4
Os: win 98 Os: win NT
User: u3 User: u4
8

8
Client/Server Network Model

Client1

U1
U2
U3
U4
Client2
Server

Client3
Printer
9

9
Advantages

Peer-to-peer Network Client / Server Network

Less expensive to Provides better security

implement. Easier to administer
Does not require when the network is
additional specialized large because
network administration administration is
software centralized.

Does not require a All data can be backed

dedicated network up from one central
administrator location.
10

10
Disadvantages

Peer-to-peer Network Client / Server Network

If network is large Requires expensive

administration more powerful
becomes hardware for server.
unmanageable. Requires a professional
Each user must be administrator
trained to perform Has a single point of
administrative tasks. failure. User data is
Less Secure inaccessible if server is
down.
11

11
12

12
What Is Active Directory?

Active Directory is a Directory Service which contains

Information of All User Accounts and Shared Resources
on a Network.

Active Directory is a Centralized Hierarchical Directory

Database

Active Directory
Directory

13

13
What Does Active Directory Do ?

Centralizes control of Network Resources

Centralizes & Decentralizes resource management

Stores objects securely in a logical structure

Optimizes Network traffic

14

14
PURPOSE OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

Provides User Logon and Authentication Services

using Kerberos

To organize and manage:

User Accounts
Computers
Groups
Network Resources

Enables authorized Users to easily locate Network

Resources

15

15
FEATURES OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

Fully Integrated Security

Easy Administration using Group Policy

Scalable to any Size Network

Flexible

NEW FEATURES IN ACTIVE DIRECTORY 2003

Rename Computer Name and Domain Names

Cross-Forest Trust Relationship

Site-To-Site Replication is Faster

16

16
How Directory Service Evolved

Earlier we had no DATABASE Standard So ITU

(International Telecommunications Union) &ISO
(International Organization for Standardization)
introduced X.500
Directory System Agent
(DSA)

DOP Directory Organization Directory Info Base (DIB)

Management Protocol Directory Info Tree (DIT)

Backup Server Server

DAP

Client 17
(Directory User Agent)

17
DAP & LDAP

DAP

Directory Access Protocol is based on OSI Layers

It was first introduced in BANYAN VINES & Database

was named as STREET TALK.

LDAP

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol based on TCP/IP

Layer

It was first Introduced in NOVELL & Database was

named as NDS (Network Directory Services)

18

18
Structure of Active Directory

Logical Structure

Physical Structure

19

19
Logical Structure of Active Directory

Domain

TREE

Parent/Root

Child/Branch

Forest

20

20
Domain

Domain is a logical secure administrative boundary

Creating the initial domain controller in a network also

creates the domain you cannot have a domain without
at least one domain controller.

Each domain in the directory is identified by a DNS

domain name.

ZOOM.COM
21

21