Environmental Science

Quiz No. 1

Name : Jaisel Meris Ado-an Course, Yr. & Sec. BSFT 1 – 1D Date: April 20, 2022

I. Multiple Choices.

DIRECTION: Encircle the letter of the correct answer from the choices given in each question.

1. Which statement about ecosystems is false?

a. A sustainable ecosystem generally must be a complete system.
b. A group of interconnected ecosystems is a community.
c. Ecosystems can vary greatly in size.
d. Ecosystems can exist within larger ecosystems.
2. The energy pyramid is used to show ______________.
a. The layout of organisms in any order seen fit
b. The amount of energy in the universe
c. The amount of energy at each trophic level
d. None of these.

3. Which number on the diagram below shows the location of the secondary consumers?

a. 3
b. 2
c. 1

4. Aspects of the nonliving environment that affect the species in the environment and determine which
species an live there are called
a. Ecosystems c. abiotic factors
b. Biotic factors d. commensalism
5. Which term describes the interactions among populations in a community and the community’s
physical/abiotic surroundings?
a. Organism c. community
b. Population d. ecosystem
6. All the living things that inhabit an environment and the relationships between are called
a. Ecosystems c. abiotic factors
 b. Biotic factors d. commensalism
7. In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer?
a. From the top of the pyramid to the bottom
b. From the bottom of the pyramid to the top
c. None of these
d. Both of these
8. As one progresses from level D to level A in this pyramid, the amount of stored energy? a.
increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains the same
d. None of these

9. Which of the following two organisms

are producers?
a. Phytoplankton and herbivores
b. Plants and consumers
c. Plants and phytoplankton
d. Phytoplankton and chlorophyll
10. A food web is more realistic than food chain for showing the feeding relationships in ecosystems because
a. It compares the number of consumers to the number of microorganisms in an ecosystem
b. Food chains use only a small sampling of organism
c. A food web explains why there are more producers than consumers
d. Producers are usually eaten by many different consumers and most consumers are eaten by more than
one predator
11. Heterotrophs obtain energy from all of the following except
a. Autotrophs c. solar radiation
b. Herbivores d. other heterotrophs
12. For the food web below, what does the praying mantis represent?
a. Primary consumer c. secondary consumer
b. Tertiary consumer d. producer
13. A soil profile consists of _____________.
a. The sum of chemical and physical data known about the soil
b. The boundaries of a particular soil
c. The set of layers seen in a vertical cross section of a soil
d. The general outline of a soil or groups of soils
14. The smallest soil particles are
a. Pebbles c. sand
b. Clay d. loam
15. Which property of water causes it to rise in a tube?
a. Boiling point c. capillary action
b. Neutral pH d. none of these
16. What is true of ecosystem?
a. Primary consumers are least dependent upon producers
b. Primary consumers out number producers
c. Producers are more than primary consumers
d. Secondary consumers are the largest and most powerful
17. Choose the phrase that correctly finishes this statement : “a species is …”
a. A specific part of the abiotic environment
b. A way of describing all the living parts of an ecosystem
c. A group of organisms that can successfully mate with each other and reproduce
d. Part of the natural decomposing materials in soil
18. A consumer is
a. An organism that produces its own food
b. An organism that does not need food to survive
c. An abiotic organism
d. An organism that cannot produce its own food
19. For the following food chain: seeds-sparrow-owl, if there are 100 000kJ of energy available in the seeds, how
many kilojoules is passed on to the owl?
a. None c. 100kJ
b. 10kJ d. 1000kJ
20. Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?
 a. Decomposer c. light intensity
b. Wind d. temperature
21. Every ecosystem is characterized by which fundamental phenomena?
a. Energy flow and chemical cycling
b. Energy and matter
c. Water and soil
d. A balance in energy production and loss
22. Which tissue is responsible for the passage of water in plants?
a. Xylem c. phloem
b. Cuticle d. stomata
23. Which one of the following occurs during photosynthesis of green plants?
a. Light energy is converted into biochemical energy.
b. Light energy is destroyed.
c. Light energy is stored in food molecules.
d. Light energy is synthesized.
24. The effect of the length of the day and night on flowering plants is known as
a. Allelopathy c. phototropism
b. Photoperiodism d. photosynthesis
25. The plants that are growing in soil containing sufficient amount of water are called
a. Xerophtes c. halophytes
b. Mesophytes d. hydrophytes
26. Which group of plants are mesophytes?
a. Grass, corn, clover, roses c. lotus, sea weeds, water lily
b. Cacti, acacia, mesquite tree d. clover, roses, water hyacinth
27. A particular plant does not flower when the day is shorter than a critical length. However, when the day is
longer than a critical length, it will flower. If a long night is interrupted by a flash of light, the plant will also
flower. Such a plant is classified as a ______ plant.
a. Long-day plant c. short-day plant
b. Day-neutral plant d. none of these
28. A(n) _____________ is an animal that has a relatively variable body temperature, whereas a ___________
is an animal that maintains a relatively stable body temperature.
a. Endotherm, ectotherm c. ectotherm, heterotherm
b. Homeotherm, poikilotherm d. poikilotherm, homeotherm
29. With every energy transformation, some energy is degraded into a less available form such as ___________
.
a. Chemical energy c. heat
b. Biomass d. calories
30. Ecological pyramids are built from a _____________.
a. Pyramid of numbers c. pyramid of energy
b. Pyramid of biomass d. all of these.
31. Less energy is available at each successive trophic level of the pyramid energy because____________.
a. Only fraction of the available food is captured by the next trophic level
b. Some of the food that is eaten cannot be digested
c. Only a portion of the food that is digested becomes part of the organism’s body d. All of the above.
32. When numerous food chains link to each other in an ecosystem, it is known as a(n) _________.
a. Food pyramid c. food web
 b. Energy pyramid d. food cluster
33. All organisms that feed at each link in a food chain comprise a/an __________.
a. Trophic level c. biomass
b. Food pyramid d. energy pyramid
34. The portion of the earth’s surface consisting of disintegrated rocks and humus.
a. Sand c. clay
b. Soil d. minerals
35. Auxins cause a plant to bend towards light because
a. They are lost through photosynthesis as more light strikes the plant
b. They increase in amount on the lit side of the plant to lengthen the cells
c. They concentrate in the dark side of cells to elongate those cells
d. All of the above are correct.
36. Wind is caused by
a. Currents from outer space
b. Uneven heating of the earth surface by the sun
c. Revolution of the earth around the sun
d. Changes in season
37. Bacteria that obtain energy for organic compound synthesis from oxidizing inorganic compounds such as
ammonia, nitrites, and sulfides are _____.
a. Photoautotrophs c. chemoautotrophs
b. Heterotrophs d. photosynthetic autotrophs
38. Organisms are classified into trophic levels according to_____.
a. Where they live c. the source of their nutrients
b. How much they weigh d. all of these
39. An example of a detritus feeder is
a. Dinoflagellates c. an earthworm
b. Photosynthetic bacterium d. cyanobacteria
40. Inorganic nutrients are released from dead organic matter and animal wastes by _____.
a. decomposers c. producers
b. secondary consumers d. autotrophs
41. Bacteria and fungi decompose organic material making food available for other detritivores in a ________.
a. Grazing food chain c. detrital food chain
b. Ecological pyramid d. food web
42. In a balanced ecosystem you would expect the see the biomass of the _____ to be greater than the biomass
of any other groups of organisms.
a. Producers c. primary consumers
b. Secondary consumers d. top predators
43. What iron oxide mineral produces red color to the soil?
a. Hematite c. maghemite
b. Hydromagnetite d. goethite
44. ____________ is a consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet, usually the Earth.
a. O horizon c. bedrock
b. A horizon d. C horizon
45. What mineral produces white color to the soil?
a. Magnetite c. maghemite
 b. Calcite d. goethite
46. Which part of the soil profile generally contains relatively few organisms and organic material, but has an
accumulation of leached nutrients?
a. A horizon c. C horizon
b. B horizon d. O horizon
47. Pyramid of numbers deals with the number of
a. Species in area c. individuals in a community
b. Subspecies in a community d. individuals in a trophic level
48. Only small amount of the energy stored in food is available to the next organism in a food chain because
a. there are more producers than consumers in a food chain
b. there are fewer top consumers than producers in a food chain
c. primary and secondary consumers compete for food
d. most of the energy is used for life processes
49. A pyramid of numbers shows that in an ecosystem
a. there are always a large number of producers at the bottom and fewer top consumers
b. there are always a large number of top consumers and fewer producers
c. there are an equal number of producers and consumers
d. there are more top consumers than primary consumers
50. Yellowish or orange colors of the soil may be due to the presence of ________ and bound to the clay and
organic matter.
a. Hydromagnetite b. goethite c. glauconite d. maghemite

II. Answer the following:

1. Describe the three ecological models used to explain how energy flows through an ecosystem.

The three ecological models explains that:

• Food chain - The first link in the food chain is a producer, typically a plant, which uses
photosynthesis to turn sunlight into food. A main consumer (herbivore) then eats the producer,
which is subsequently consumed by a secondary consumer (carnivore), and so on. As energy is
transmitted up the chain, which corresponds to each trophic level, the quantity of energy accessible
decreases because of heat loss and digestion inefficiencies.

• Food web - The food web displays the intertwined links between organisms in an ecosystem as
opposed to a linear chain. It consists of various food chains that are linked together by common
species. For instance, a bird might consume both seeds and insects, and those insects might be
consumed by other animals. The food web model illustrates how intricate and linked ecosystems
are, as well as how changes in one area of the web can have an impact on other areas.

• Ecological pyramid - A graphical representation of the relative amounts of energy or biomass

present at each trophic level in an ecosystem is called an ecological pyramid. The producers (often
plants) make up the base of the pyramid, the primary consumers (herbivores) make up the second
level, and the higher-level consumers (carnivores) make up the upper layers.
 2. Based on your own understanding on the basic defining characteristics of life and components of ecosystem,
how will you explain whether a deciduous tree is alive or not in winter?

According to what I’ve searched online, checking for signs of life, such as buds, which are tiny, swelling
patches on the branches where new leaves and flowers will sprout in the spring, is one method to figure out
if a deciduous tree is alive in the winter. These fall-formed buds are complete with all the elements required
for the tree to begin developing once the weather warms up. The presence of full, solid buds indicates that
the tree is alive and well.

Examining the branches is another method for figuring out whether a deciduous tree is still alive in the
winter. The cambium layer, a layer of green tissue just beneath the bark of a living branch, is in charge of
generating new growth. The cambium layer should be green and malleable if the tree is alive and growing.
On the other hand, if the cambium layer is dry and brown, the branch can be dead.