TEAM 5
DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS
Data collection is the process of collecting and evaluating information or data from multiple sources to find
answers to research problems, answer questions, evaluate outcomes, and forecast trends and probabilities.
Observation
We refer to the process of
detailing a phenomenon
with analytical intent and
the purpose of gathering
as much objective
Definition
information as possible.
Describing behaviors and
situations: Observation
allows you to describe and
record the behaviors and
situations you are
studying.
Validate theories and
hypotheses:
Observation can be
Characteristics
used to validate or
refute theories and
hypotheses.
Generate new research
questions: Observation can
help generate new research
questions by revealing
patterns, trends, or behaviors
that are unexpected or not
explained by existing theories
or hypotheses.
Interview
Interview refers to an exchange
of ideas among a group of two
or more than two people,
where the Interviewers ask the
questions to interviewees in
order to extract the requisite
data from them.
The process of interview
consists of acquiring
information by putting
forward various verbal
stimuli and getting the
responses in verbal forms.
Objective-Oriented :
Interview cannot be said as a simple,
informal exchange of ideas, rather it
is an interaction carried-out with
particular objective, i.e. to acquire
the data related to a particular field
of study.
Verbal Communication
In the method of
interview, questions are
asked verbally in order to
draw verbal responses.
Questionary
A questionnaire is a
quantifiable data collection
technique that takes the
form of a series of
questions asked in a certain
order
This tool is used for research
purposes that can be both
qualitative and quantitative
• It is a technique of data and
information collection.
• There are several types of
questionnaires, depending
on the way they are
presented and the use of the
data.
• Several techniques can be used
to place the answers to the
questions.
• Most questionnaires have the
following parts: Header, Body of
the questionnaire, Questionnaire
footer
Survey
Interprets the subjective
part of the investigation, in
collaboration with the
investigator, make possible
to do a good following
protocol for the reserch.
Determinates a data collection
tool that allows to show the
relationship of the variables
raised in the hypothesis; the
information obtained from this
resource provides important
elements for quantitative analysis
of the data.
Generates the most
important parts of
field research.
Set general and
specific objectives.
It is based on the
investigation based on the
context of application.
It allows the development of
the analysis and
interpretation of the
researcher. .
Census Logbook
A census is a type of
It is a research tool that
survey based on the
contains all the data
collection, compilation,
analysis, evaluation, collected in a field
investigation.
publication.
It is generally used to
And dissemination of
record observations and
statistical data on the
thoughts in an orderly
population, housing, its
manner, as this record
geographical location and
allows you to collect clues
other data.
about how it works.
Detailed population data: A Includes the exact
conditions under which
census provides complete
and detailed data on the the project has been
entire population, in addition worked on.
to demographic, social and Describes every and which
economic characteristics,
one aspects of context in
etc.
the course of application.
Helps define samples: It allows to give feedback at
A census can help the registered mistakes once
the investigation is completed.
provide the necessary
Coments, results, survey and
framework for results, as the time, date and
obtaining samples for responsable must be
future field research. registered.
 TEAM 5

DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS

It is an essential phase in all types of research, analysis, and decision-making, including that done in the social
sciences, business, and healthcare.

Observation Interview Questionary Survey Census Logbook

There is the possibility
of gathering new
the convenience of time
information that may
be useful for new
Advantages
Usually the interviews
are pre-planned as per • There is less chance of bias
if a standard set of
and place. Hence, it questions is available for
the target audience.
It is applicable in almost
It is a comprehensive Allows to register the
all contexts.
study. The survey actions taken at
Allows the general
provides intensive and investigation development
analysis. of answers. Contemplates the
in-depth information
Disclose specific

offers comparatively covering many facets subjective part registered

hypotheses. individual results
high response rate. of the issues. for its improvement

Allows data to be There is a possibility of Consider the questions

collected at the time
and place it occurs.
Allows data collection
without measuring
devices
• You can use feature-rich Reliable results. Because Allows to be a space
getting valuable Insights and answers, based on a that can be used on a
survey software to design, every element of the
on the basis of depth of scientific framework daily basis for data.
distribute, and analyze your universe is considered in
information acquired Professional data Actively involves the
questionnaire response this type of research, the
and the knowledge of handling by the process of research
data. conclusions are more
the primary informants. researcher accurate and reliable. formation.

• Every manager expects to It can generate confusion at

Requires more time and Reluctance to Answer It's expensive. Because Often it is done by
get conscientious answers, the time of analysis final
money due to Inhibitions : the data is obtained for employees and sometimes
but there is no way to know conclusions.
Disadvantages

The frequency of errors there are chances that the
during observation is interviewee is reluctant to
difficult to control answer due to inhibitions.
Consistency :
The observed facts
Due to the influence of the
are subjective and it
interviewer and the
is difficult to reach a
circumstances, attaining
more objective
stable and reliable data is
solution.
somewhat difficult.
if the respondent has
thought about the question
before answering.
• The problem with not
asking users questions face-
to-face is that they can be
interpreted differently.
• With questionnaires, some
questions may be omitted.
It needs a large part of
individuals to be carried out,
at least generally in research
contexts.
It can be complicated by
questions proposals if
they are not raised
correctly.
Compiles information
from a database..
or from each and every there are human errors.
The design of blogs often
unit in the population,
does not perfectly meet
especially if the
the needs.
population is large
It is not suitable for a large I register many times I
population. This method have filled since the
does not make sense in the
registration
case of an infinite universe
development must
where the number of
provide
elements is unlimited.
 CONCLUSIONS

Through the techniques and tools of data collection, we can carry out a more
objective investigation, guaranteeing that the information gives us the results we
want, which is why, as a team, we can conclude that these techniques are absolutely
necessary to be able to optimize and guarantee the information we collect.

The purpose of acquiring new knowledge and techniques is to obtain a higher quality
of research, taking advantage of all possible resources to guarantee the success of
our future projects.
 * REFERENCES :
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ventajas-y-desventajas-de-los-cuestionarios/

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https://www.questionpro.com/blog/es/que-es-un-
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