Biomedical

Perspective in
Gender and
Sexuality
ANATOMY AND Each person has a pair
PHYSIOLOGY OF of gonads
REPRODUCTION
* Female gonads
(ovaries)

* Male gonads
(testes)

The female germ cells

are ova (egg) and the
male germ cells are
sperm

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 BIOLOGICAL FEMALE

• the female sexual anatomy is

designed for the production and
fertilization of ovum (egg), as well as
carrying and delivering infant
offspring.

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 Prepuce

Vulva

Perineu
m

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 Clitoris
Vulva glans (head), shaft, and crura (root), the
all the external genital structures taken clitoris is particularly sensitive to
together stimulation
Mons veneris Vestibule
pads of patty tissue between pubic bone are surrounding the urethral opening
and skin and vagina, which is sensitive with
Labia majora extensive blood vessels and nerve
outer lips surrounding all the other endings
structures Urethral opening
end of tube connecting to bladder and
Labia minor used for urination
inner lips surrounding the vestibule where Vaginal opening
sweat and oil glands, extensive blood also called introitus
vessels, and nerve ending are located Perineum
area of the skin separating the genitalia
Prepuce from the
clitoral hood (foreskin above and covering anus; distance is less in females than
clitoris) males
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The Female Internal Reproductive Structure

Vagina – (collapsible canal)

themusculartube leading from the
external genitals to
the cervix of the uterus in
women
Cervix – small end of uterus to
which vagina leads.
Uterus – womb, organ within pelvic
zone where fetus is carried

Fallopian tube – carry egg cells

from ovaries to uterus, this is
where fertilization occurs

Ovaries – produce estrogen and

progesterone
PUBERTY
is the process of physical changes through which a child's body
matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction
 Stages of Menstrual Cycle

Menstrual phase

 first stage of the menstrual cycle. It’s also when you get your period
 this phase starts when an egg from the previous cycle isn’t fertilized.
Because pregnancy hasn’t taken place, levels of the hormones estrogen
and progesterone drop.
 during your period, you release a combination of blood, mucus, and tissue
from your uterus.

You may have period symptoms like these:

Cramps Irritability
Tender breasts Headaches
Bloating Tiredness
Mood swings Low back pain
Follicular phase or Proliferative phase

 starts on the first day of your period and ends when you ovulate
 the egg-containing pods called follicles ripen and one of the eggs matures

Ovulation

 this phase happens when the ovary releases that mature egg down the
fallopian tube on its way to fertilization. This is the shortest phase of the
cycle, lasting just 24 hours.

Luteal phase or Secretory Phase

 the follicle that released the egg produces hormones that
thicken and ripen the uterus to ready it for pregnancy.
Follicle stimulating hormone (or FSH)
 is one of the gonadotrophic hormones; the other being
luteinizing hormone (or LH). Both are released by the
pituitary gland into the bloodstream.
 Follicle stimulating hormone is one of the hormones essential to
pubertal development and the function of women’s ovaries and
men’s testes.
 In women, this hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian
follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle
at ovulation.
 It also increases oestradiol production from the ovaries.
 In men, follicle stimulating hormone acts on the Sertoli cells of
the testes to stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis).
Female secondary sex characteristics include:

Enlargement of breasts and erection of nipples

Growth of body hair, most prominently underarm and pubic
hair
Widening of hips
lower waist to hip ratio than adult males
Elbows that hyperextend 5–8° more than male adults
Upper arms approximately 2 cm longer, on average, for a given
height
Labia minora, the inner lips of the vulva, may grow more
prominent and undergo changes in color with the increased
stimulation related to higher levels of estrogen
The Biological Male
 The male sexual anatomy is designed for the production and
delivery of sperm for fertilization of the female’s ovum.
 Puberty signals the final development of primary and accessory
organs that support reproduction
 The Male External Genitalia

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Prepuce
Foreskin covering head of penis, removed in male circumcision
Penis
Glans (head),shaft, and root.
Corona
Rim of glans where it arises from shaft
Frenulum
Thin strip of skin connecting glans and shaft on underside of
penis
Scrotum
Sac that encloses the two compartments housing the testes
Urethral opening
Found on head of penis this is the end of tube connected to
bladder and used for urination
Perineum
Area of skin separating the genitalia from the anus
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 Uncircumcised
Where the foreskin remains

Circumcision
Is a surgical procedure that
removes the foreskin of the penis

Glans
The Male Internal Reproductive Organ
Testes
Egg-shaped organs located inside the scrotum
Vas deferens
Travels from testicle toward the urethra carrying sperm
Seminal vesicles
Two glands that produces alkaline fluid rich in fructose sugar,
comprising some 70% of semen volume
Ejaculatory ducts
Connect the vas deferens to urethra
Prostate
Gland producing alkaline secretions that account for about 30% of
semen volume
Urethra
Tube within penis that carries sperm and semen the rest of the
way to the opening of the penis