QAQC Guidebook

Preface 1
CMGP Manuals No. 02: QA Guidebook
Local Road Projects

Quality Control &
Quality Assurance
Guidebook
for Local Government Units
Department of the Interior and Local Government
with technical support from the
United Nations Development Program
2020
2 Quality Assurance Guidebook
Local Road Projects
Quality Control &
Quality Assurance
Guidebook
for Local Government Units
with technical support from the
United Nations Development Program
2020
The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
is the primary catalyst for excellence in local governance that
nurtures self-reliant, progressive, orderly, safe, and globally
competitive communities sustained by an empowered
citizenry. Learn more at dilg.gov.ph or follow DILG Philippines.
UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to

end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change.
Working with our broad network of experts and partners in
170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting
solutions for people and planet. Learn more at ph.undp.org
or follow at @UNDPPH.
Published by:
Office of the Project Development Services

Conditional Matching Grant to Provinces
24/F DILG-NAPOLCOM Center
EDSA corner Quezon Avenue, Quezon City
In collaboration with
Paving the Roads to the Sustainable Development Goals

through Good Local Governance (Roads2SDGs Project)
Project Management Office
Institutions and Sustainable Partnerships
United Nations Development Programme
15/F Rockwell Sheridan Business Center
United corner Sheridan Streets
Greenfield Area, Mandaluyong City
Preface 5
PREFACE
Roads are an integral part of development, providing
people and businesses ease of access and movement.
The improvement of health, economy, and tourism all
depend on road networks. However, mere construction
of the infrastructure is not enough. Quality assurance,
which ensures that roads last according to their intended
lifespan, is equally as important, and serves as one of
the safeguards to ensure that resources are maximized
and not wasted. Simply put, safeguarding the quality of
the roads is good resources management. The local Road
Projects Quality Control & Quality Assurance Guidebook
was developed with this in mind.
Today, there is recognition that road management is no

longer the role of one agency alone. Collaboration and
partnerships are key to ensuring that all citizens reap
the benefits of good infrastructure. Towards this end, the
Philippine Government through the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) partnered
for the Paving the Roads to SDGs through Good Local
Governance (Roads2SDGs) Project, which targets the
improvement of road governance and sets up mechanisms
to increase the likelihood of achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
The development of the guidebook is part of the

Conditional Matching Grant to Provinces (CMGP) Program
of the DILG, which is currently being implemented in all
provinces across the country. DILG-CMGP is intended to
provide financial and technical assistance to provincial
local governments to improve their capacity in local road
management and institutionalize governance reforms in
local road management and public financial management.
The UNDP Roads2SDGs Project provides assistance
to specific components, such as quality assurance and
capacity building towards good governance.
The guidebook was built upon the Construction Quality

Control Assurance Manual prepared by AusAID in October
2011 for the DILG’s Provincial Roads Management Facility
(PRMF) Program which was implemented in select
provinces in Visayas and Mindanao from 2009–2016. The
guidebook is tailored to the Quality Management of local
roads, and developed as reference for Local Government
Units and for third party individuals and groups who
perform quality assurance work of local roads.
As one of the indicators of good governance, quality

assurance of roads is not just the job of one agency.
Local government units and quality management and
assurance practitioners all play a role in ensuring that
roads are constructed according to standards. Thus, they
are enjoined to use this as a tool to help them guarantee
the quality and safety of local road networks. In doing so,
they will be able to improve the physical condition of their
local infrastructure and help pave the way for communities
to enjoy improved lives and services through better road
networks.
Foreword from DILG 7
FOREWORD FROM DILG

The Local Road Projects Quality Control and Quality
Assurance Guidebook for Local Government Units
is a joint collaboration of the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to serve
as a guide for local government units (LGUs) and
other practitioners on the standards and procedures
for quality assurance of local roads to make sure
that these structures are built following approved
engineering design and specifications.
This guidebook is also intended to promote good

governance by making it easier for stakeholders to
assess the performance of local governments in terms
of local road management.
Experience has shown that roads are more than

just infrastructure for easier access from Point A to
Point B. Beyond convenience; roads are integral to
progress, improving mobility of goods and services,
thus increasing production and income especially in
the local areas. These are contributing to economic
and social development, advancing agriculture,
education, health, and social services, among others.

Further, it promotes peace and security in many areas
in the country.
Taking this one step further, local roads can also be

a tool for the promotion of good local governance.
Through these quality local roads, LGUs can improve
service delivery to their constituents, even during times
of emergency.
By practicing good resources management, we aim to

extend the lifespan and functionality of the roads as
much as possible, and proper construction of these
roads helps ensure that resources – both financial and
human – are maximized.
This guidebook complements the Local Road

Management Manual, which was produced by the
DILG’s Office of Project Development Services in
partnership with the Australian Government through
the Provincial Road Management Facility Program.
We hope that this guide book will be used as mechanisms

to ensure that roads are constructed in conformance to
quality assurance standards and promote the value of
good governance and accountability in government.
This is our contribution in helping bring forth progress,

stability, and meaningful changes in the lives of our
people especially in the countryside.
Eduardo M. Año
Secretary
Department of the Interior
and Local Government
Message from UNDP 9
MESSAGE FROM UNDP

Recent data revealed that only 24.6% of all provincial
roads in the Philippines are of acceptable quality. Of
the total length of 12,726 km provincial core roads,
57% are unpaved and in need of upgrading, while
20% are in poor condition and in need of rehabilitation.
The situation is similarly dire for non-core roads. This
has a dramatic impact on the pace and nature of
development.
UNDP’s Paving the Roads to SDGs through Good

Local Governance (Roads2SDGs) Project, in support of
the Department of the Interior and Local Government-
Conditional Matching Grant to Provinces (DILG-
CMGP), recognizes roads as an indispensable tool
for governance, particularly in the provision of access
to basic services. Through quality roads and better
road networks, this initiative helps pave the way to the
achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals,
a set of 17 goals that enjoins all UN member states
to end poverty, protect the environment, and ensure
peace and prosperity for all by 2030.
Through Roads2SDGs, DILG and UNDP are working

together to build capacities for local governance
reforms. In addition, Roads2SDGs will strengthen

provincial level stakeholder partnerships, and enhance
environmental protection, gender mainstreaming, and
citizen participation.
This guidebook forms part of the quality assurance

component of the technical assistance being provided
by UNDP. We engaged technical experts and field
practitioners, and closely worked with DILG in developing
this guidebook for local governments to observe quality
assurance standards and procedures during the
construction of local roads. We hope that practitioners
will use this guidebook towards the promotion of good
road governance among provinces and municipalities.
Properly constructed roads that can last their intended
lifespan through better road governance will lead to
well-connected communities and ultimately result in
significant improvements to people’s lives. UNDP with
DILG aim to leave no Filipino behind.
Titon Mitra
Resident Representative
United Nations
Development Programme
Table of Contents 11
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
I.1. Introduction. . . . . . 18
I.2. Objectives . . . . . 20
I.3. Users of the Guidebook.. . . . 20
I.4. General Structure of the Guidebook . . 20
I.5. Overview of Quality Assurance and Quality Control
I.5.1. Definition of Terms . . . 21
I.5.2. Purpose of Quality Assurance and Quality
Control in Project Implementation . 22
I.6. Recommended Quality Assurance Organizational Chart. 23
I.7. Functions of the Quality Assurance Division/Section. 27
I.8. Responsibilities of the Contracting Parties. . 32
I.8.1. Contractor. . . . . 32
I.8.2. Local Government Unit. . . . 32
I.8.3. Responsibilities of the Contractor in Quality
Control Project Implementation. . . 33
I.9. Duties of the QC Engineer in Materials Testing . 33
I.10. Materials Quality Control. . . . 34
II. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES IN

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
II.1. Pre-Construction Phase. . . . 37

II.1.1. Specifications. . . . . 38
II.1.2. Quality Control Plan (QCP). . . 38
II.2. Construction Phase . . . . 42
II.2.1. Project Quality Control Implementation. . 42
II.2.2. Materials Selection, Handling, and Storage 44
II.2.3. Sampling and Testing of Construction Materials 45
II.2.4. Quality Assurance in Project Implementation 69
II.2.5. Acceptance/Rejection of Materials 72
II.2.6. Inspection. . . . . 72
II.2.7. Quality Control Measures in Construction. 77
II.2.8. Proper Quality Assurance and Construction
Methods/ Procedures. . . . 77
II.2.9. Project Documentation . . . 78
II.3. Completion Phase. . . . . 85

II.3.1. Punch-listing. . . . . 85
II.3.2. Contract Completion. . . . 86

II.3.3. Quality Assurance (QA) Assessment Tool. 86
III. Practical Measures for Problems Encountered

During Project Implementation
III.1. Precautions in Materials Testing and Quality Control. 88

III.2. Common Problems Encountered and Remedial
Measures in Project Implementation. . . 90
IV. ANNEXES. . . . . . . 123
Schedule of Minimum Testing Requirements

ANNEX A. . . . . . . 124
AASHTO Standards in Material Testing

ANNEX B. . . . . . . 142
Quality Control Assurance Reports

ANNEX C. . . . . . . 155
Field Worksheets
ANNEX D. . . . . . . 207
Laboratory Worksheets
ANNEX E . . . . . . 231
Test Reports, Certificates and Inspection Reports

ANNEX F. . . . . . . 265
QA/QC Communications
ANNEX G. . . . . . . 319
Data and References

ANNEX H . . . . . . 337
Relevant Guidelines and Issuances

ANNEX I. . . . . . . 381
TABLES
Table 1 Specifications and References. . . 38

Table 2 Testing Duration of Basic Materials. . 51
Table 3 Laboratory Testing of Construction
Materials at the LGU Materials Testing
Section/Unit. . . . . 52
Table 4 Quality Assurance in Project Implementation. 70
Table 5 Common Malpractices in Materials
Testing and Quality Control. . . 88
Table 6.1 Common Problems Encountered in
EARTHWORKS and Remedial Measures 90
Table 6.2 Common Problems Encountered in
SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE,
Probable Causes, Recommendation
and Authorized Correction. . . 96
Table 6.3A Common Problems Encountered in
SURFACE COURSES (PCCP). . . 99
Table 6.3B Common Problems Encountered
in SURFACE COURSES (PCCP) . . 105
Table 6.4A Common Problems Encountered
in SURFACE COURSES (PCCP),
Probable Causes, Recommendation
Table 6.4B Common Problems Encountered
in SURFACE COURSES (PCCP),
Probable Causes and Recommendation. 112
Table 6.4C Common Problems Encountered in
SURFACE COURSES (PCCP), Recommendation
Table 6.4D Common Problems Encountered in PCCP and
Recommendations . . . 114
Table 6.4E Common Problems Encountered in
PCCP and Authorized Correction. . 114
Table 6.5A Common Problems Encountered in DRAINAGE AND
SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES (Pipe
Culverts and Storm Drains) and
Recommendations/Remedial Measures. 115
Table 6.5B Common Problems Encountered in DRAINAGE
AND SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES
(Stone Masonry) and Recommendations/
Remedial Measures. . . . 119

Table 6.5C Common Problems Encountered
in DRAINAGE AND SLOPE
PROTECTION STRUCTURES (Gabions
and Mattresses) and Recommendations/
Remedial Measures. . . . 122
FIGURES
Figure 1 Roads to SDGs Framework. . . 19

Figure 2 Organizational Chart for the Quality
Assurance Division/Section. . . 24
Figure 3 Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Procedures in Project Implementation. . 36
Figure 4 Workflow of QCP Quality Assurance/
Quality Control Procedures. . . 40
Figure 5 QA/QC Procedures: Construction
Phase – Laboratory Testing. . . 54
Figure 6 Workflow Chart: Quality Test for Soil Samples. 60
Figure 7 Workflow Chart: Base and Subbase Coarse
Materials with CBR Test. . . 63
Figure 8 Workflow Chart: Quality Test for Fine and
Coarse Aggregates with Soundness Test. 64
Figure 9 Workflow Chart: Concrete Design
Mix for PCCP. . . . . 66
Figure 10 Workflow Chart: Concrete Design
Mix for Structural Concrete. . . 67
Figure 11 Workflow Chart: Job-Mix Formula . 68
Figure 12 Workflow Chart: Marshall Stability. . 69
Figure 13 Sample Visual Identifier for
Item 200 Common Problems. . . 98
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AASHTO American Association of State Highway

and Transportation Officials
ASTM American Society for Testing and
now ASTM International Materials
AUSAID Australian Agency for International
Development
CD/S Construction Division/Section
CQCA Certificate of Quality Control Assurance

CPES Constructors Performance Evaluation System
DBM Department of Budget and Management
DILG Department of the Interior and Local Government
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DO Department Order
FDT Field Density Test
GAA General Appropriations Act
LCE Local Chief Executive
LGU Local Government Unit
MD/S Maintenance Division/Section
MMTR Minimum Materials Testing Requirements
MTS/U Materials Testing Section/Unit
PDD/S Planning and Design Division/Section
PCAB Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board
PNS Philippine National Standards
PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
POW Program of Works
PE Project Engineer
PRMF Provincial Roads Management Facility
QA Quality Assurance
QAD/S Quality Assurance Division/Section
QAS/U Quality Assurance Section/Unit
QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control
QC Quality Control
QCP Quality Control Plan
RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert
SWA Statement of Work Accomplished
Introduction and Overview of QA and QC 17
PART 1
INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW
OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
ANDN QUALITY CONTROL
1.1 Introduction and Overview

1.2 Objectives
1.3 Users of the Guidebook
1.4 General Structure of the Guidebook
1.5 Overview of Quality Assurance/Quality Control
1.6 Recommended Quality Assurance Organizational Chart
1.7 Duties of the Quality Assurance Personnel
1.8 Responsibilities
1.9 Duties of the Project Engineer in Materials Testing
1.10 Control of Material
I. Introduction and Overview

I.1. INTRODUCTION
Roads are important in promoting economic and social development.

Local roads serve as a driver of economic growth as they link
the population, basic services and facilities within a province
or municipality. Under the 1991 Local Government Code of the
Philippines, the development and management of their respective
road networks is one of the functions devolved to the Local
Government Units (LGUs).
LGUs, however, face various challenges in carrying out this function.

Insufficient resources for local road development are a common
concern. Recognizing the need of local governments for additional
funding support, the Philippine Government has included under the
Local Government Support Fund a program called the Conditional
Matching Grant for Provinces (CMGP). Through the Department
of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of
Budget and Management (DBM) funds are provided to provincial
governments for the rehabilitation roads and/or provincial roads.
Other funding streams from national government can also be tapped
by municipalities for the construction of new municipal roads or the
improvement of existing ones.
Given these investments, it is important to ensure the sustainability

and serviceability of local roads so that citizens can benefit from
improved access and mobility within their locality. The sustainability
of road project hinges on four inter-related elements: (i) correct plan,
(ii) appropriate design, (iii) sound construction methods, and (iv)
proper operation and maintenance. No amount of maintenance will
make the roads sustainable if any of the development elements was
not done in accordance with acceptable engineering standards and
design.
This Local Road Projects Quality Control & Quality Assurance

Guidebook was developed to provide guidance on quality assurance
procedures for local roads to ensure that road projects are
implemented in accordance with approved engineering design and
specifications. This guidebook serves as a complement to the Local
Road Management Manual, which provides a framework for local
road management and reference standards for the rehabilitation and

maintenance of existing local roads.
DILG-UNDP Partnership: Paving the Roads to SDGs Through Good

Local Governance
The DILG and DBM, in partnership with the Provincial LGUs (PLGUs),
are implementing the Conditional Matching Grant to Provinces (CMGP)
to improve the quality of local road network across the country, by
providing both financial investment for capital outlay, as well as
strengthening the governance processes so that provincial governments
are themselves able to effectively plan, design, implement and maintain
their road networks. The Program addresses the underinvestment in
local roads, and improvement of national-local roads connectivity to
increase economic activity and improve public access to facilities and
services in the provinces. With efficient, resilient and well-planned road
networks, no one is left behind in the goal of inclusive growth. Hence,
roads are fundamental for bringing communities together in order to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
CMGP is not just a road

engineering intervention.
It is foremost a governance
reform program in local
roads management
(LRM) and public financial
management (PFM).
For FY 2017 General
Appropriations Act (GAA),
the DILG-CMGP budget
also included P564.256
Million intended to support
the governance reform,
quality assurance, and
monitoring of PLGU road
projects. DILG engaged
the United Nations
Development Programme
(UNDP) to provide
complementary support.
UNDP launched the project “Paving the Roads to SDGs through Good
Local Governance (Roads2SDGs)”. The ‘Roads to SDGs’ Project aims
to provide support to the governance reform and quality assurance
components of CMGP through the ‘Roads to SDGs’ framework (Figure
1). The framework is anchored on two complementing principles –
The SDGs strongly influence and enhance road governance; and
good roads governance pave the way towards attaining the SDGs.
The ‘Roads to SDGs” framework will anchor the prioritization,
planning, design, implementation, and maintenance of infrastructure
projects to the achievement of the SDGs, incorporating the elements
of partnership building, climate change and disaster risk reduction,
gender mainstreaming, and citizen participation for transparency and
accountability. UNDP, the integrator to achieve the SDGs by 2030, will
be instrumental in fusing the SDG elements into the roads project.
I.2. OBJECTIVES
This guidebook aims to serve as a common reference for LGUs in

undertaking quality management for local roads. It describes quality
assurance procedures from monitoring, inspection and assessment.
I.3. USERS OF THE GUIDEBOOK
This guidebook is intended primarily for local government units. It is also

a useful reference for other government agencies and organizations
involved in local road development and management.
I.4. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE GUIDEBOOK
This guidebook shall be used as a supplemental reference to the Local

Road Management Manual as well as other relevant guidelines and
issuances on Local Road Management. It is divided into four (4) parts:
Part I provides an overview of Quality Assurance and Quality

Control (QA/QC), focusing on relevant structures and the roles
and duties of each key players in QA/QC.
Part II discusses the Quality

Assurance and Quality Procedures in Project Implementation.
It discusses these procedures in the context of the different
phases of local road development namely, pre-construction,
construction, completion, and post-construction as well as
monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for local roads.
Part III provides practical tips in determining malpractices in

materials testing and quality control. It will also help road project
implementers identify and address common problems involved
in project implementation.
Part IV contains relevant guidelines, policies, and standards

for implementing local projects. This section also includes
worksheets, reporting forms, and pro-forma communications as
Annexes.
I.5. OVERVIEW OF QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
High quality workmanship is essential not only to get good value for
taxpayers’ money, but more importantly, to ensure the sustainability of
roads. Thus, it is important for LGUs and other government agencies
to implement road projects based on approved plans and design, and
to adhere to project standards and procedures. Of equal importance is
the need to establish a quality assurance structure that will monitor the
implementation of local road projects.
This section discusses the recommended QA structure and the divisions,
sections, units that should make up this structure. It also details the
duties and responsibilities of QA personnel and the responsibilities of
Contractors.
This section also defines some of the terms that will be used throughout
the guidebook.
I.5.1. Definition of Terms
The following terms defined below will be used throughout this

guidebook:
Quality: It is the degree of excellence of a local road project. It

is described by such general terms as stable, durable, rigid or
flexible.
In a contractual environment, project requirements are

stated in the technical specifications of contract documents.
Technical specifications define the requirements of the project
implementer. It serves as a guide for contractors in executing
the works so that the road projects are constructed to meet the
quality requirements set by the LGU.
Control: It means to check and regulate. It is usually used in

relation to weight, population or prices. It is performed when
there is a need to check or regulate due to compelling reasons.
Materials Quality Control: It is the checking, evaluation,

and testing of materials to be used for and instituted in the
project or structure. This is done to ensure that the materials
to be used comply with the approved project plan and technical
specifications, to have a cost-effective, economical, and
sustainable construction.
Assurance: It is the degree of certainty.
Quality Assurance: It is the process of verifying the work

accomplished to ensure that it meets the technical specifications
of the project. This is a function performed by the LGU to verify
that the work is done in accordance with the specifications.
Quality Control: It is the process of checking whether the

material used is within the standards, and specifications set for
the project.
Quality Control Vs. Quality Assurance: It concerns the

different procedures or activities necessary to meet the specific
requirements while quality assurance involves of oversight
activities that confirm and assure that quality control mechanisms
are in place and are effective.
I.5.2. Purpose of Quality Assurance and Quality Control in

Project Implementation
Quality assurance is meant to ensure that the highest quality

of materials is utilized in accordance with the prescribed plans

and specifications.
Quality control involves checking and regulating to ascertain the

construction materials used. Fulfilling these requires adequate
control of materials within the standard specifications and in
accordance with the approved plans prior to and after placing
their final position in the structure. The extent of performing
quality control on the required materials depends on the nature
and limits of the work, the specification requirements and local
conditions. Every material shall be subject to testing, inspection
and verification before acceptance.
I.6. RECOMMENDED QUALITY ASSURANCE ORGANIZATIONAL

CHART
The organizational structure and staffing pattern of the Engineering

Office must take into consideration its service requirements and financial
capability. The composition and structure of the local engineering offices
depend on the size of the local government unit.
For instance, a typical organizational structure for an engineering office

in larger LGUs includes the following units: (i) Planning, Designing and
Programming, (ii) Construction, (iii) Quality Assurance (QA), and (iv)
Maintenance. These are under the overall supervision of the Provincial
or City Engineer.
Figure 2 shows the recommended QA organizational chart, which is

a modified version of the ISO 9001-compliant DPWH organizational
chart. The QA division or section is under the overall supervision of the
Head of the Engineering Office.
The QAD/S’ day-to-day operations is managed by the QAD/S Chief,

and in his/her absence, the Assistant Chief. A team of technical and
administrative/support staff carry out the functions of the QAD/S.
Figure 2 Organizational Chart for the Quality Assurance Division/Section
I.6.1. Functions of the Quality Assurance Division/Section
The Quality Assurance Division/Section has the following functions:
a. Implements plans, policies and guidelines on materials quality

control in construction and maintenance projects
b. Formulates design and construction methodology taking into
consideration the specifications of the materials to be used
according to the type of work to be performed
c. Provides and undertakes the necessary quality control tests
of supplies and/or materials used in the projects as a means
to control their quality and quantity in accordance with the
accepted and prescribed standards and specifications
d. Ensures the right manner and method of construction activities
and takes steps to meet prescribed standards and procedures

e. Evaluates quality control performance in construction projects
through inspections, monitoring and checking of field reports
for both materials and procedures
f. Advises the project engineers in-charge on the acceptance
or rejection of materials being used or proposed to be used
based on the results of laboratory and field tests, and makes
recommendations for correction in cases of unsatisfactory
conditions
g. Takes charge of the proper and efficient operation and
maintenance of the Materials Testing Laboratory
h. Prepares bills for testing of materials
i. Provides recommendations on the design or job mix of the
materials based on test results
j. Prepares the minimum testing standards and prepares
instructions necessary to ensure proper control on the use of
materials
k. Conducts research work on i) the utility of indigenous materials
for construction projects especially those available locally and
ii) the improvement of the quality of conventional construction
materials
l. Investigates and recommends sources and use of materials
m. Provides updated materials maps for the types of natural
resources
n. Undertakes consultation with source Contractors, producers
and dealers regarding the type of materials available and the
quantities required for the project
o. Responsible for the prompt submission of materials quality
control reports
p. Coordinates regularly with the project engineer to guarantee
strict quality control implementation
q. Compiles statistical data on construction materials submitted
for testing
r. Conducts seminars, workshops and/or trainings for the
efficiency, productivity and quality of work of the personnel
I.6.2. Functions of Each Section/Unit
I.6.2.1. Materials Testing Section/Unit
The Materials Testing Section/Unit also performs laboratory testing

of materials. The section/unit can also undertake laboratory tests for

the Contractor in case the latter has no apparatus or equipment. The
MTS/U can charge testing fees in accordance with the Laboratory
Service Guide for the Quality Assurance Division/Section on Testing/
Pre-Testing of Construction Materials. The Guide can be found in
Annex H-1 and H-2.
The functions of this unit are as follows:
a. aUndertakes quality control tests on construction materials used

b. Undertakes sampling, pre-testing, research work, and quality
control tests of various manufactured construction materials
c. Reviews the i) design of concrete and asphalt prepared by
laboratory technicians, and ii) computations and data for the
preparation of ideal soil aggregates.
d. Conducts research work on the use of indigenous materials for
construction projects as well as the improvement of the quality
of conventional construction materials
e. Provides updated materials maps for natural resources
f. Compiles statistical data on construction materials submitted
for tests
g. Supervises the preparation of graphical and progress charts for
reference of officials and offices
h. Provides technical assistance on materials for construction
supervision
Field Inspectors may witness the conduct of materials testing,

should the Contractor be incapable of undertaking the laboratory
tests.
In case both the LGU and Contractor are incapable of performing

the tests, the Contractor can engage a DPWH accredited private
laboratory to do materials testing.
I.6.2.2. Quality Assurance Section or Unit
The Quality Assurance Section or Unit shall ensure the proper

implementation of the LGU’s quality assurance programs. It
shall perform the following functions:
a. Undertakes inspection of construction projects to verify

where quality control polices for materials are implemented
b. Provides technical assistance on quality control for
construction supervision
c. Evaluates quality control performance in construction
projects through inspection, monitoring, and checking of
field reports
d. Implements materials quality control plans and
specifications for construction and maintenance projects.
e. Checks and verifies the materials and quality control
plans and specifications on construction projects through
inspection, monitoring, and checking of field reports.
f. Undertakes investigation of completed projects especially
when the quality of the completed project is questionable
g. Undertakes evaluation and verification on the quality of
work on completed projects.
I.7. DUTIES OF THE QUALITY ASSURANCE PERSONNEL
I.7.1. Quality Assurance Section or Unit, Chief of QA Section/Unit
a. Oversees the day-to-day operations of the division or section

b. Responsible for establishing the QA procedures and standards
and ensures that tests are undertaken in accordance with
standards and procedures
c. Provides leadership and technical expertise on QA and QC.
d. Supervises the personnel in carrying out their duties based on
procedures and guidelines
e. Approves results of material tests based on recommendation of
the QC Engineer and/or Field Inspector
f. Continuously enhances existing QA procedures standards
based on new developments, relevant issuances, and areas
for improvement
g. Monitors QA activities and test results, identify areas for
improvement, and implements steps to improve the processes
h. Reports results of QA activities and testing to the LGU Head of
Engineering Office
i. Manages training and continuous learning of QA staff by
developing and implementing a capability building program
j. Coordinates with the Head of other Engineering divisions or
sections
I.7.2. Quality Assurance Section or Unit, Assistant Chief of QA

Section/Unit
a. Assists the QAD/S Chief in carrying out duties indicated in

1.5.2.1.
b. Performs the duties indicated in 1.7.1, in the absence of the
QAD/S Chief.
I.7.3. QC Engineer or Field Inspector
a. Ascertains that all materials incorporated into the construction/

maintenance government projects are tested and passed
the requirements of Standard Specifications
b. Sees to it that the scheduled minimum testing requirements
are complied with
c. Reviews materials specifications and recommends approval
of pouring permit to the Project Engineer In-Charge
d. Reports to the Project Engineer regarding the deficiencies
of construction materials intended for the project based on
test results
e. Advises the Project Engineers and their assistants on the
acceptance or rejection of materials being used or proposed
based on test result and recommend to the Project Engineer
remedial measures for the corrections of unsatisfactory
conditions of materials
f. Checks the design mixes for concrete and bituminous
mixtures
g. Observes field testing and control of construction materials
conducted by the Contractor to be used in the projects
h. Coordinates with the Project Engineer at all times in order to
guarantee strict quality control implementation
i. Takes charge of the proper and efficient operation and
maintenance of the materials testing laboratory
j. Develops the minimum testing standards and preparing
instructions necessary to ensure proper control on the use
of material
k. Ensures that the material samples are properly prepared in
accordance to the Standards, and are properly accompanied
by sample cards
l. Develops full knowledge of the standard procedures of

sampling, testing, and control
m. Ensures that the field laboratory building is constructed in
accordance with the Government Standard Specification
and is equipped with the necessary and properly maintained
testing equipment
n. Has a complete and updated materials map of the province
or city, charts, and distances showing progress of works,
etc., posted in the laboratory building
o. Conducts research on utility and quantity of materials for use
in all infrastructures especially those available locally and
other physical research including soil investigations, material
surveys preparation of reports, and/or of specifications for
their use
p. Consults with Contractors, producers, and dealers concerning
kind and/or type of suitable materials available
q. Recommends sources and use of materials
r. Implements general policies on materials testing and control
s. Recommends for approval minimum testing standards
t. Prepares bills for testing of materials
u. Prepares materials quality assurance every week for
approval
v. Responsible for prompt submission of materials quality
control reports
w. Keeps record/materials quality control logbook of his daily
activities ready for inspection any time
x. Complies strictly with all instructions and memoranda
y. Submits within required time frame test reports and other
pertinent papers to the Project Implementing Office
z. Develops a system of filing pertinent reports on testing and
quality control ready at any time for appraisal inspection or
quality assurance audit
aa. Checks compliance of projects to plans and specifications
and ensure the proper implementation of the quality
assurance program
ab. Determines the quantity and quality of materials incorporated
in the projects and works undertaken
ac. Checks project documents of individual projects to be
inspected/evaluated before the actual inspection and
assessment:
i. Approved plans and specifications as part of contract

documents;
ii. Program of Works;
iii. PERT/CPM;
iv. S-Curve;
v. Variation Orders;
vi. Project Inspection Reports;
vii. Site Instruction;
viii. Pouring Permits;
ix. Quality Control Plan (QCP);
x. Certificate of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA);
xi. Monthly Materials Reports;
xii. Materials Test Reports;
xiii. Final Inspection Reports;
xiv. Project Log Books and Materials Quality Control Log
Books;
xv. Certificate of Completion and Acceptance of Project;
xvi. Accreditation of Materials Engineer of Contractor;
xvii. Accreditation/temporary accreditation of concrete mix/
job mix Supplier; and,
xviii. Other related documents
ad. Verifies whether quality assurance program has been

complied with in project implementation.
I.7.4. Laboratory Technicians or Aide
a. Conducts soil investigation and materials survey for probable

sources of materials, and reporting the approximate quantity
available, suitability of materials, and other pertinent data
b. Checks pre-testing certificates of pre-tested materials
delivered
c. Ensures that samples are properly handled
d. Performs with full knowledge the sampling, testing and
control of materials in accordance with the Standards
e. Keeps the laboratory and its equipment in proper working
condition at all times.
f. Have at all times the complete and up-to-date materials map
of the province or city, charts and distances etc., posted in
the laboratory building
g. Participates in the work of a group engaged in the testing
and analyzing of soil and construction materials

h. Computes and evaluates test results recorded
i. Prepares accomplishment and laboratory test reports
I.7.5. Quality Assurance Clerk
a. Receives and records all incoming communications, forward/

distributes to the sections/units concerned.
b. Releases outgoing documents/communications.
c. Compiles all records pertaining to this office and provide them
when needed.
d. Encodes various materials reports, memoranda, status reports
relative to quality control project implementation, test results
data and various communications.
e. Prepares bills of account and annual procurement program for
supplies and equipment.
f. Takes and prepares minutes of the meeting.
g. Records, routing and filling of various documents relative to on-
going and completed projects, communications, memoranda
and annual procurement program.
h. Performs such other related functions as may be assigned.
I.7.6. Utility Worker
a. Performs messengerial services.

b. Unloads and stores various housekeeping supplies.
c. Carries out refuse, waste and garbage.
d. Collects, washes and replaces cups, glasses and other dishes
for use of the office.
e. Clean out ashtrays.
f. Moves furniture; rearrange various decorations in and out of the
office building.
g. Does related work assigned from time to time.
I.7.7. Service Driver
a. Conducts office and field personnel to various on-going and

completed projects.
b. Maintains the assigned service vehicle.
I.8. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES
I.8.1. Contractor
The Contractor’s task is to regulate test and inspect procedures,

equipment, materials and manpower so that the completed facilities will
be compliant to the requirements.
Quality control is an inherent responsibility for Contractors. Contractors

should therefore be able to accept and perform this responsibility as
stated in Section VI of the standard bidding documents which form part
of contract documents.
The Contractor’s Material Engineer must be responsible for the actual

quality control application during project implementation. This includes
the sampling and testing of materials to be used, test result should be in
compliance to standard specifications.
I.8.2. Local Government Unit
The LGU’s task is to verify that the Contractor’s quality control system
is functioning and the completed structure or part of the structure is of
the specified quality. The responsibility of the LGU’s representative is
confined to quality assurance checks or verification of Quality Control
Process.
The LGU’s QAD/S In-Charge is responsible for the quality assurance of

the project. This involves ascertaining the quality control of materials to
be used.
The QA and QC activities performed by the PEO will in no way invalidate

the Contractor’s responsibility for quality control. The Contractor must
have in place QC Plan to ensure the quality requirements are met. See
Clause 34, Section IV of the Bidding Documents which is part of the
Contract Documents.
The QA/QC program will usually be under the direction of the Materials
In-charge. The Materials In-Charge will be assisted by trained,
knowledgeable and experienced laboratory technicians capable of
documenting the operation and results of the QA/QC program. The
Materials In-Charge will have with him in the team, laboratory aides
conducting sampling and materials testing, and for special QA/QC
activities.
I.8.3. Responsibilities of the Contractor on Quality Control Project

Implementation
Below are the responsibilities of the Contractor regarding quality control

during project implementation;
a. Provides and maintains testing equipment (Refer to DPWH

Standard Specification, Part A, Subsection A.1.1.1)
b. Provides qualified and experienced Materials Engineer and
laboratory staff to carry out all the materials quality control and
all the tests specified in the Quality Control Program (QCP) as
required by the implementing agency. The Materials Engineer
shall work full time and shall be duly accredited by DPWH.
c. Provides a well-guarded, clean and maintained offices, storage
and testing laboratories (Refer to DPWH Standard Specification
Part A Subsection A.1.1.6)
d. Responsible for the quality control of all materials during the
handling, blending, and mixing and placement operations (Refer
to DPWH Standard Specification Part E Subsection 311.3.1.1)
e. Furnishes the Project Engineer a Quality Control Plan detailing
the required number and type of test per quantity of materials
requirements. (Refer to DPWH Standard Specification Part E
Subsection 311.3.1.2)
f. Provides all facilities necessary in testing and keeping the
specimens needed for testing. (Refer to DPWH Standard
Specification Part E Subsection 311.3.10)
1.9 DUTIES OF THE QC ENGINEER IN MATERIALS TESTING
a. Ensures that materials and workmanship are, at all times, in

accordance with approved plans and specifications
b. As authorized, rejects materials which fails to meet specification
requirements, even those that already have previously passed
c. As authorized, requires the Contractor to discontinue operations
if the workmanship or methods employed would adversely
affect the quality, durability or appearance of the work
d. Directly observe the sampling, testing, and control of materials
and checks the result of tests to verify the quality of materials
prior to their incorporation to the work

e. May order the pre-testing, re-testing and re-sampling of
construction materials which have already been sampled and/
or which have already passed previous testing
f. Ensures that inspections and tests are carried out promptly
g. Checks and verifies the quantities reported in the Certificate
of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA) report and ensures that
quantities being claimed have corresponding test results (See
CQCA Report Template at Annex C5 – C6)
h. Ensures that the required tests on materials are conducted prior
to their actual use. The materials should meet the minimum
testing requirements set forth in the approved Quality Control
Plan
i. Issues pouring permit for asphalt and concreting works
j. Ensures that the highest quality of materials will be incorporated
into the project
1.10 MATERIALS QUALITY CONTROL
Control of materials helps ensure the highest quality of materials and

ensure that the life span of the project is not compromised. Construction
materials are tested and checked or regulated prior to incorporation
into the work.
QA and QC Procedures in Project Implementation 35
PART 2
QUALITY ASSURANCE
& QUALITY CONTROL
PROCEDURES IN PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
2.1 Pre-Construction Phase
2.2 Construction Phase
2.3 Completion Phase
2.4 Post-Construction Phase
2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation of Road Projects
Supervision and oversight from LGU

Engineers are critical in achieving good
quality projects
Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Procedures in Project Implementation
To ensure high quality of workmanship, quality assurance and
quality control procedures have to be undertaken during project
implementation. The QA/QC procedures to be followed during the
pre-construction, construction, completion and post-construction
phases are discussed in detail in this chapter. The Project Engineer
and Materials Engineer of both LGU and Contractor play crucial
roles in the QA/QC activities indicated in this section.
Figure 3 presents the five QA/QC procedures, which are carried out
during the Pre-Construction and Construction Phases, as follows:
Phase QA/QC Procedures

1. Specification
Pre-Construction Phase 2. Quality Control Plan
3. Minimum Testing Requirements
4. Sampling and Testing
Construction Phase
5. Inspection
Figure 3 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES IN

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The pre-construction phase serves as the foundation for the quality
control program. During this phase, project specifications are
determined, and the nature and amount of testing on materials are
also established. A dependable work program is also prepared in
order to ensure full compliance to project specifications as subsequent
inspection will be based on the standards and specifications that are
set during this phase.
1.1. Specifications
Specifications are written contract documents that include

materials and workmanship requirements, inspection and
testing procedures, and procedures for the measurement and
payment of the work. Specifications are the starting point of
quality control. Without specifications, there can be no quality
control.
The references for different type of specifications are indicated

in Table 1.
TYPE OF SPECIFICATIONS REFERENCE
Materials and workmanship

DPWH Manuals/AASHTO/ASTM
requirements
Inspection and testing proce-
DPWH Manuals/AASHTO/ASTM
dures
Procedures for measurement DPWH Standard Specification for
and payment of the work Roads & Bridges (Blue Book)
Table 1. Specifications and References
The specification set by the LGU and its Project Engineer

shall define the sampling and testing of material, method of
measurement and basis of payment.
1.2. Quality Control Plan (QCP)
The Quality Control Plan is a plan of works which involves

the testing of materials that will be incorporated into a work. It
specifies the minimum number of tests required for an item of
work based on the quantities stated in the approved Program
of Work for a project.
1.2.1. Preparation of Contractor’s Quality Control Plan
The QCP is prepared by the Materials Engineer of

the Contractor. The QCP is duly reviewed by the
Project Engineer and noted by the Contractor prior to
the approval by the Head of Engineering Office or its

authorized representative.
See Annex C1 – C4 for the template of the Quality

Control Plan.
1.2.2. Review and Approval of Contractor’s Quality

Control Plan (QCP)
The Contractor submits the QCP to the Engineering

Office for review and approval. The plan must include
provisions on how the work and materials will be
inspected including the nature and quantity of testing to
be done.
The approved QCP shall serve as the guide of the

Contractor on the kind and number of materials tests
that need to be conducted prior to incorporation in the
project. The Contractor is expected to comply with
such requirements as the acceptance and payment of
completed items of work depends on it. All steps taken
during construction to ensure an end-product of the
agreed-upon quality constitute what is known as quality
control.
Figure 4 presents the workflow for QA/QC Procedures

of Quality Control Plan.
Figure 4. Workflow of QCP Quality Assurance/Quality Control Procedures

1.2.3. Minimum Testing Requirements
Minimum Testing Requirements prescribe the kind and

number of tests for each type of construction material.
Testing is done as the materials are being incorporated
into the work based on the minimum number of tests
indicated on the approved QCP.
Additional number of tests to the materials can be
required if the LGU or Inspector is in doubt of the quality
of materials used. The cost of additional testing is
usually shouldered by the LGU when the additional tests
indicate that the samples passed the requirements.
See item 2.2.5 for guidance on the acceptance or

rejection of materials.
The table which follows describes the common items of

works in roads and bridge projects.
For Common Items of Works in Roads and Bridge

Projects Refer DPWH Revised Standard Pay Item List
for Infrastructure Projects.
See Annex A for the Schedule of Minimum Testing

Requirements on items of works based on DPWH
Standards and Annex B for AASHTO Standards in
Materials Testing for reference.
2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE
The QA/QC procedures under this phase include: i) sampling and

testing of materials and ii) inspection.
During construction, it is important to ensure that quality is attained
and maintained through the proper selection, handling, and storage of
materials.
2.1. Project Quality Control Implementation
The LGU and Contractor are expected to carry out the following
responsibilities along with QA/QC once the Construction Phase
commences:
a. The LGU shall direct the Contractor to deploy a Materials

Engineer to supervise the daily quality control activities
based on the work schedule.
b. The Contractor shall set up the laboratory facilities and
equipment at the project site as required.
c. The LGU and the Contractor shall deploy their respective
competent Quality Control Personnel to carry out laboratory
test(s), field test(s), and other QC procedures.
d. The Contractor shall establish a personnel locator chart for
proper monitoring.
e. The Contractor’s Project Engineer shall observe a daily
work schedule for the whole workforce. This should be
recorded in the Contractor’s logbook. Factors that affect
the project schedule such as weather conditions, project
activities, materials deliveries, arrival of visitors, equipment
deployment and status, and encountered problems with
corresponding actions taken should also be included in the
daily logbook records.
f. The Contractor shall maintain a compilation of test
worksheets and test results duly signed, with copies
distributed accordingly i.e. Project Engineer of LGU (See
Annexes D and E for reference).
g. The Contractor shall prepare an updated Straight Line
Diagram to show work(s) accomplished and develop a guide
in case of any changes or revisions in the project.
h. The Contractor shall conduct inspections and sampling

to determine the quality of materials prior to construction.
Sampling and testing of samples shall be in accordance
with the Standard Specifications and/or Special Provisions
of the contract.
i. The Contractor shall accomplish project implementation
records properly and keep them on file for easy reference
and verification. The Project Engineer of the Contractor
shall furnish the LGU with these records. (See Item 2.2.12
for Project Documentation Records.)
j. Transportation shall always be made available to Quality
Control personnel for an effective project quality control
implementation.
2.2. Materials Selection, Handling and Storage
2.2.1. Selection of Materials
Materials shall be obtained from approved sources. The

materials that shall be acquired should be known in advance
so that the required tests can be done promptly to avoid delays
in the construction. Materials may be rejected if these are
considered unacceptable. An approved corrective measure
may be implemented immediately when possible to address
the issue of quality of materials prior to their actual use. The
Materials Engineer recommends the corrective measures
while the Project Engineer issues approval.
2.2.2. Handling and Storage of Materials
Delivered construction materials shall be placed or stored in a

safe location to protect these from contamination and weather-
related damage. In case there is only a small stockpile area,
separators or partitions shall be set up to prevent contamination
among similar types of materials (e.g. those coming from
different sources). If a big stockpile area is available, adequate
distance should be put between each type of material, which
can be organized by size and source.
Construction materials which are sensitive to weather conditions

such as cement, steel bars, etc. shall be stored in a site that
is not exposed to direct sunlight and rain. In addition, these
shall not be placed directly on the ground while in storage to
maintain their good quality.
2.2.3. Storage of Materials
Construction Materials which are sensitive to weather

conditions should be kept in the site that are protected from
direct sunlight and rain. It should not be placed directly on the
ground to maintain its quality.
2.3. Sampling and Testing of Construction Materials
Sampling and Testing of Materials is the fourth QA/QC procedure,

following Minimum Testing Requirements. It is also the first QA/QC
procedure during the Construction Phase.
2.3.1. Sampling
Sampling is the selection of a representative portion of a material

using a standard method to ascertain its characteristics. The
process involves taking a part (sample) to judge the whole (lot).
a. Purpose of Taking Samples for Laboratory Testing
Samples should be taken at project site and then tested prior

approval as a material source proposed by a Contractor for
a project.
For Job Control, samples are taken on a day-to-day basis
during production or when the materials are used and should
include samples from approved sources, production plants,
and the project site. Job Control samples are taken by the
user to ensure adequate quality control.
Samples should also be taken from the finished product to

determine compliance with the specifications (e.g. pavement
coring). The objective is to determine whether the proper
course of action is to reject or accept the work. Acceptance
is granted if materials have passed the requirements or

specifications.
b. Sampling Requirements
Sampling of materials should be conducted in accordance

with the Standard Sampling Procedures. Care should
be observed to ensure that a true representative of a
lot is obtained for the sampling. The minimum testing
requirements, as prescribed for the item of works, should
be followed.
Sampling should comply with the prescribed procedure and

should be done by responsible quality control personnel
who understand why the sample is obtained and appreciate
the significance of the samples. This task should not be
delegated to ordinary laborers or other individuals who have
no prior training in materials quality control. For samples to
be tested at the field laboratory, sampling and testing should
be fully supervised by the LGU QC Engineer.
Sampling is as important as the actual testing. The Materials

Engineer should use every precaution to obtain samples
that will show the nature and condition of the materials they
represent. Sampling of construction materials should be
taken from the delivered materials at the project site and not
from the place where these were purchased. The quantity of
the sample to be brought to a testing laboratory should be
adequate and should meet the requirements in terms of the
sizes, shapes and parts of the material to obtain reliable test
results from the required physical and chemical analysis.
As deemed necessary, the Engineer may, in addition, take

independent assurance samples at random locations within
project limits for acceptance purposes.
c. Submission of Samples
All samples should be submitted with a corresponding

Sample Card. The Sample Card should be accomplished
and duly signed by authorized representatives. The form is
noted by the Chief of the Quality Assurance Division/Section

of the LGU Engineering Office. The Information provided in
the Sample Card should be complete and accurate.
See the following Annexes for reference:

• Annex C – 21 Sample Card
• Annex H3 – H4 Minimum Requirements for
Submission of Samples
d. Shipping Samples
Samples taken should be transported in bags or similar

containers to avoid loss, contamination, or damage of any
part due to mishandling shipments.
e. Rejection of Samples
Materials/Samples that fail to meet the required specifications

shall be:
i. Disposed of properly, where the cause of failure/

rejection is stated, after which a testing of another
set of samples shall be conducted in accordance
with the requirements
ii. Reported to the manufacture r or authorized
distributor/dealer within one (1) week after tests have
been completed, and the cause for failure have been
properly documented
f. Storage of Samples
Samples shall be protected from damage by construction

operations. Specimens that need special protection shall be
protected from direct exposure from inappropriate or extreme
temperature, heat, vibration, and other components that will
compromise the quality of the specimen, and a facility or
structure shall be built to house the samples.
g. Reducing a Sample
After obtaining an aggregate sample, it is often necessary

to reduce the sample size for testing convenience. Two
reduction methods may be carried out as follows:
Sample Reduction Methods
1. Using a mechanical splitter is preferred for dry, coarse,

and fine aggregates
2. Quartering is the best method to use if the aggregate

sample is wet
Quartering on a Hard, Clean, Level Surface

Quartering on a Canvass Blanket
2.3.2. Materials Testing
Testing refers to the process in which samples of delivered

materials are evaluated to determine their degree of compliance
to the specifications identified as part of the requirements of
an approved contract. Through testing, the Engineer or the
Inspector may determine whether or not these materials should
be accepted for use in the work.
Testing is required before materials can be incorporated into

any type of work. There should be a field laboratory at the
project site during construction so that the fundamental and
important tests like Grading, Plasticity, Moisture Content and
Compaction can be conventionally performed on the field. That
way, the Engineer will be able to get the results right away.
The materials that need to be procured or obtained from selected

portions of sources should be known by the LGU in advance
so that arrangements can be made to test the samples. Doing
so will allow the Contractor to avoid any unnecessary delays
in construction, e.g. materials may be rejected because these
are deemed unacceptable. Tests should also be conducted

according to schedule, otherwise, quality control may be
compromised because there will no longer be enough time
to determine whether the materials are acceptable or are
defective.
Sampling and Testing
a. Importance of Material Testing
Materials Control is checking and regulating the use of

construction materials in the laboratory or the field. In either
case, the testing area should have the appropriate tools and
equipment needed to conduct the testing and control of the
materials that will be used in construction.
Testing is an important complement of quality control in

engineering works. Tests will definitely and conclusively
point out if soil is deleterious or not, whether an aggregate is
tough and durable, whether asphalt is of the proper type and
consistency, and whether concrete is durable and workable.
If more than one kind of material is available, the test will
indicate which type is better. Engineers who do quality
control by simple observation or by any other means of
evaluating the quality of materials without using laboratory
tests are taking a big risk because they are relying only
on guesswork. Without laboratory or field testing, no one,
even experts, can state definitely if the standard of quality
of certain materials intended for use is satisfactory or not.
b. Significance of Proper Sampling and Testing
Test results on samples of concrete reflect the actual strength

of the structure. If the sampling and testing of samples is
defective, evaluation may yield unsatisfactory results even
if the concrete is actually structurally sound. Errors may be
due to one or combination of the following:
a. Inadequate compaction of sample
b. Contamination of sample
c. Damage to sample
d. Inadequate curing and protection of sample
e. Incorrect test method and procedure
f. Inaccurate test result
g. Mixed samples (not properly identified)
h. Shipment and care of samples
c. Testing Duration of Basic Construction Materials
Below are the standard test durations. The actual length

may take minutes or days depending on the number of set
and pieces of materials to be tested.
Kind of Material Test Duration

1. Cement (Type 1 and Type 1P) 7-28 days
2. Paint 3-4 days
3. Asphalt / Asphalt Materials 3-30 days
4. Concrete Beam / Cylinder 30 minutes per set
5. Concrete Coring 10 minutes per piece
6. Fine / Coarse Aggregates 3-7 days
Table 2. Testing Duration of Basic Materials
d. Laboratory Testing of Construction Materials
Materials testing is typically conducted by the Contractor,

with the LGU-authorized representative acting as witness.
In case the Contractor does not have the required laboratory

testing equipment or for some other reason is unable to
perform the Laboratory Test.
Below is the set of procedures of Laboratory Testing of

Construction Materials when the tests are conducted by the
LGU Materials Testing Section/Unit.
STEP PROCESS
Contractor submits samples, together with
the corresponding sample cards, for testing at
1
the LGU Materials Testing Section/Unit of the
QAD/S.
Laboratory Technician receives and validates
if the quantity and kind of the materials are
2
consistent with what is indicated in the sample
cards.
Clerk prepares and issues Bill of Charges for
3
the corresponding sample.
Contractor pays Bill of Charges to the Cashier.
4
Cashier issues official receipt.
Contractor presents Official Receipt as proof
of payment to the Clerk for record purposes.
5
Laboratory Technician accepts sample for
testing.
Laboratory Technician performs various tests
on the samples of construction materials. The
6
aforementioned Technician then types/encodes
test report.
Chief of Materials Testing Section/Unit checks/
7 evaluates/signs test reports. Results of test are
documented.
QAD/S Chief certifies/signs and recommends
8
for approval.
Table 3. Laboratory Testing of Construction Materials at the LGU
Materials Testing Section/Unit
e. QA/QC Procedures on Laboratory Testing during

Construction Phase
The workflow below lists the responsibilities of the

Contractor and the LGU in the sampling and testing of
construction materials as part of the preliminary tests
needed for identifying the concrete design mix and asphalt
job-mix formula. The responsibilities of the Contractor fall
under Quality Control while the responsibilities of the LGU
correspond with Quality Assurance.
Figure 5.QA/QC Procedures. Construction Phase – Laboratory Testing

f. Basic Testing Equipment
The Field Tests for Soil include the following: Grading

Test/Sieve Analysis/Mechanical Analysis, Plasticity Test,
Compaction Test, and Field Density Test. Listed below are
the basic testing equipment used for each test.
Basic Testing Equipment Commonly Used on Field Test for Soil
A. Grading Test/Sieve B. Liquid Limit & Plastic Limit

Analysis/Mechanical Analysis test (Plasticity Test)
1.Standard sieve 200 dia. 1.Liquid Limit Device

opening 75 mm (3”) 2.Mixing Dish
2.Standard sieve 200 dia. 3.Spatula, Flexible
opening 63 mm (2-½”) 4.Graduated Cylinder
3.Standard sieve 200 dia. 5.Moisture Content
opening 50 mm (2”) 6.Triple Beam Balance, 311 g
4.Standard sieve 200 dia. capacity & 0.01g sensitivity
opening 37.5 mm (1½) 7.Plate / mixing glass
5.Standard sieve 200 dia. 8.Standard sieve #40 retained
opening 25 mm (1”) sieve #200
6.Standard sieve 200 dia. 9.Thermostatic Controlled Oven
opening 19mm (¾”) 110 ± 5oC
7.Standard sieve 200 dia. 10.Pan
opening 12.5 mm (½”)
8.Standard sieve 200 dia.
opening 9.5 mm (3/8”)
opening 4.75 mm (No. 4)
opening 2.36 mm (No.8)
opening 2.00 mm (No. 10)
A. Moisture Density

B. Field Density Test
Relation Test
(FDT)
(Compaction Test)
1.Device Rammer 1.Triple Beam Balance, 2610 g
2.Compaction Mold capacity
3.Spatula, Flexible 2.Sand Density Cone
4.Graduated Cylinder 3.Jug, Glass or Plastic, 4 L
5.Moisture Content Can capacity
6.Triple Beam Balance, 2610g 4.Density Plate
capacity & 0.01g sensitivity 5.Straight Edge
7.Standard sieve 19 mm (¾”) 6.Spoon
8.Pan 7.Chisel, steel
9.Thermostatic Controlled Oven 8.Moisture Can
110 ± 5oC 9.Mallet, rubber
10.Scoop, sand
11.Oven with temperature control
opening 19 mm (¾”)
g. Testing Works on Road Construction
Listed below are the various Laboratory testing works

applicable to each pavement substructure. The first matrix
details the laboratory tests while the second one lists the
field tests. It should be noted that Abrasion and CBR Tests
can only be performed in the Laboratory.
Basic Testing Equipment Commonly Used on Field Test for Soil

A. Field Testing Works on Road Construction
Insufficient compaction of base will result to pavement

DID YOU failure. Compaction shall be undertaken layer by layer
KNOW? at every 200mm or fraction thereof until a field density of
100% of the maximum dry density has been achieved.
h. Flow of Work in Testing Specific Materials
The succeeding pages illustrate the flow of work and total

duration of the process of conducting the following tests:
▪ Quality Test for Soil Samples

▪ Base and Subbase Course Materials with CBR Test
▪ Quality Test for Fine and Coarse Aggregates with
Soundness Test
▪ Concrete Design Mix for PCCP
▪ Concrete Design Mix for Structural Concrete
▪ Job-Mix Formula
▪ Marshall Stability
h.1. Quality Test for Soil Samples
The figure below shows the flow of work for the Quality Test for
Soil Samples, which may undergo either Air/Sun Drying or Sieve
Analysis and Oven Drying. The total duration of the process is
eight (8) days either way.
Figure 6: Workflow Chart - Quality Test for Soil Samples

h.2. Base and Subbase Course Materials with CBR

Test
The figure below shows the flow of work for the Base and
Subbase Course Materials with CBR Test, where about four
of the total duration of seven days is allocated for Sieve
Works and Computations or CBR Test.
Figure 7: Workflow Chart -Base and Subbase Course Materials

with CBR Test
h.3. Quality Test for Fine and Coarse Aggregates

with Soundness Test
The figure below shows the flow of work for the

Quality Test for Fine and Coarse Aggregates with
Soundness Test. Note the distinction between the
flow for Coarse Aggregates and Fine Aggregates.
The total duration of the process is nine (9) days.
Figure 8: Workflow Chart -Quality Test for Fine and Coarse

Aggregates with Soundness Test
Receiving of Samples/Sample Card
Coarse Sample
Aggregates Preparation Fine Aggregates
for Testing
Oven Drying Oven Drying

of Sample for of Sample for
Sieve Analysis Sieve Analysis
Soaking of Soaking of 1 day

Sample for Sample for
Specific Gravity Specific Gravity
& Absorption & Absorption
Test Test
Air/Sun
Drying
Washing & Washing &
Oven Drying of Oven Drying of
Aggregates for Aggregates for
Sieve Analysis Sieve Analysis
Dry Unit Weight Dry Unit Weight

Abrasion Test Abrasion Test
Specific Gravity
& Absorption 1 day
Oven Drying
Mixing of Chemical Solution of

Soundness Test
Sieving of Sample for Soundness Test
Start soaking of Fine & Coarse 1 day

Aggregates for Soundness Test
Start Mixing & Molding of Cubes for

Mortar Strength
(7 days curing period)
1st to 5th cycle – Washing, Oven Drying & 5 days

Soaking with Chemical Solution (5 days)
Breaking of Cubes for Mortar Strength

(from start of curing of cubes on 7th day)
Computations
1 day
Encoding & Printing of Official Test
Results/Signatures
Releasing
Total of 9 days
h.4. Concrete Design Mix for PCCP
The figure below shows the flow of work for Concrete Design
Mix for PCCP, where Concrete Beam Samples are molded
and cured. The total duration of the process is forty-four (44)
days.
Figure 9: Workflow Chart - Concrete Design Mix for PCCP
Preparing Samples for Testing

28 days
Quality Test for Quality Test for
Portland Cement Fine & Coarse
Aggregates
Compute Design Mix with given data from

Preliminary Laboratory Test
Perform mixing of Concrete & molding of 1 day

Concrete Samples (Get 2 sets of Concrete
Beam Samples for each design cement
factor)
Standard curing of Concrete Samples 14 days

Breaking of 1 Set – Concrete Beam
Samples for 7 days & 14 days
Computations
Results/Signatures 1 day
Releasing
Total of 44 days
Concrete Design Mix for Structural Concrete
The figure below shows the flow of work for Concrete Design
Mix for Structural Concrete, where Concrete Cylinder
Samples are molded and cured. The total duration of the
process is fifty-eight (58) days.
Figure 10: Workflow Chart - Concrete Design Mix for Structural

Concrete

28 days
Portland Cement Fine & Coarse
Aggregates
Compute Design Mix with given data from

Preliminary Laboratory
Perform mixing of Concrete & molding of 1 day

Concrete Samples (Get 3 sets of Concrete
Cylinder Samples for each design cement
factor)
Standard curing of Concrete Samples 28 days

Breaking of Set – Concrete Cylinder
Samples for 7 days, 17 days & 28 days
Computations
Results/Signatures 1 day
Releasing
Total of 58 days
Job-Mix Formula
The figure below shows the flow of work for Job-Mix Formula.
The Quality Tests consume about 12 days until the sample
is ready for heating, mixing and molding. The total duration
of the process is sixteen (16) days.
Figure 11: Workflow Chart - Job-mix Formula
12 days
Bituminous Material Fine & Coarse
Aggregates
Blending proportions
for Composite
Aggregates
Heating, mixing & molding of different 1 day

Asphalt content for Marshall Stability Test
(4 different Asphalt contents)
Extraction of molded specimens for Test: 1 day

Marshall Stability
Unit Weight of Mix
1 day
Computations/Plotting of Data

Results/Signatures
1 day
Releasing
Total of 58 days
h.5. Marshall Stability
The figure below shows the flow of work for Marshall

Stability. It is a quick process, with a total duration of only
three days.
Figure 12: Workflow Chart - Marshall Stability

(Bituminous Mix)
1 day
Heating & Molding of Bituminous Mix
Samples
Extraction/Grading Extraction of Molded

Specimen & Testing 1 day
Computations
Results/Signatures
1 day
Releasing
Total of 3 days
2.4. Quality Assurance in Project Implementation
The matrices that follow show the flow of work for Quality Assurance
during Project Implementation. Each work flow consists of ten (10) steps,
which is distinguished by Contract or by Adminstration. Essentially, the
initial steps differ between the two, with the LGU serving as witness and
the Contractor performing the various sampling and testing requirements.
Table 4.1 Quality Assurance in Project Implementation
By Contract
Step Process
Check the Quality Control Plan submitted by the
1
Contractor.
Witness the sampling of construction materials
2 conducted by the Contractor’s Materials Engineer
for testing before incorporating into the project.
Submit samples of the materials to the LGU
3 Materials Section for quality tests as per schedule
of minimum testing requirements.
Witness the performance of the trial mix of
4
construction materials.
Witness various field tests conducted at project
5
site.
Report to the Project Engineer about any
6 deficiencies of construction materials intended for
the project based on test results.
Advise the Project Engineer on the acceptance or
7 rejection of construction materials being used or
proposed.
Recommend to the Project Engineer remedial
8 measures for the correction of unsatisfactory
conditions of materials.
Prepare and submit the Certificate of Quality
9 Control Assurance every week and status of test
report every month.
Table 4.2 Quality Assurance in Project Implementation
By Administration
Step Process
Check the Quality Control Plan submitted by the
1
Contractor.
Witness the sampling of construction materials
2 conducted by the Contractor’s Materials Engineer for
testing before incorporating into the project.
Submit samples of the materials to the LGU Materials
3 Section for quality tests as per schedule of minimum
testing requirements.
Witness the performance of the trial mix of construction
4
materials.
5 Witness various field tests conducted at project site.
Report to the Project Engineer about any deficiencies of
6 construction materials intended for the project based on
test results.
Advise the Project Engineer on the acceptance or
7 rejection of construction materials being used or
proposed.
Recommend to the Project Engineer remedial measures
8 for the correction of unsatisfactory conditions of
materials.
Prepare and submit the Certificate of Quality Control
9 Assurance every week and status of test report every
month.
Develop system of filing pertinent reports on testing and
10 quality control ready at any time for appraisal inspection
or quality assurance audit.
2.5. Acceptance/Rejection of Materials
The Project Engineer has the authority to reject or accept construction

materials intended for use in the project following the recommendations
of the Materials Engineer that are made based on the test results.
The rejection or utilization of a material depends on the outcome

of test results. However, while a type of material may fail in one or
more of its properties, it can still be utilized in the work if alternative
measures are applied. Engineers should have good judgment and
in-depth knowledge about the properties of the materials so that they
can immediately decide whether to accept or reject these.
Conditions for Acceptance of Materials
a. No material shall be incorporated into the work until tested and

found satisfactory.
b. The approval of preliminary samples shall not be considered
as a guarantee of acceptance of all materials from the same
source, as the quality or quantity of such materials may change.
c. Any material which had been sampled and passed as satisfactory
may be re-sampled and re-tested any time before, during and
after incorporation into the work if there is doubt about the test
results.
DID YOU Measurement and payment should be in accordance with

KNOW? Standard Specification for Highways, Bridges and Airports.
2.6. Inspection
During Inspection, an Engineer or an Inspector determines whether

or not the delivered construction materials on site are acceptable and
conform with the required quantity, size and conditions stipulated in
the approved plans and specifications of the materials intended for
use in the work. It is intended to serve as a complementary activity to
quality control.
Items of Works not subject to testing are also subject for inspection.
Proper placing of forms; filling up an embankment in layers; benching
of the hillside prior to side sloping; and, placing of reinforcement or

curing of concrete are some of the activities that fall under inspection.
Inspection is done at the start of the project up to the time it is completed.

Every Item of Works must be inspected to ensure that what was
specified in the plan is being followed. It is the duty of the Project
Engineer and Materials Engineer to monitor and verify that the project
is being constructed in accordance with the plans and specifications
and is in compliance with the terms of the contract.
The Project Engineer shall have the authority to reject both unsatisfactory
workmanship and materials. Such rejections must be made immediately
upon discovery. This should be duly documented, with references
to the appropriate plans or specification requirement indicated.
Documentation should include photographs if possible. However, the
work shall not be directed to stop unless the non-conforming work shall
be covered up or the correction of the non-conforming work shall have
a critical impact on the completion of the project.
The Project Engineer will ensure that the inspection of the work is
organized to support the Contractor’s schedule. The Project Engineer
should also make sure that the inspection forces are available
and sufficient to meet the schedule. Every effort should be made to
cooperate with the Contractor so that inspection activities will dovetail
with the Contractor’s work. The inspection staff must be aware of the
daily and weekly schedules provided by the Contractor and schedule
their own work accordingly.
The Materials Engineer and Laboratory Technician are required to

familiarize themselves with their respective duties and responsibilities
and should be knowledgeable about the standard practices and
procedures related to the work. They will prepare inspection reports
indicating work performed, inspections and tests carried out, non-
conformances noted, and any other information relative to the quality
of the work. The Materials Engineer is also required to inspect all
materials delivered to the work site and to confirm that the materials
meet the specified requirements.
All incoming materials should be duly documented and should include

certifications that indicate that the materials have been manufactured/
processed in accordance with the specified quality standards and
passed all required inspection and tests. The Materials Engineer/
Laboratory Technician will check all such documentation and forward

it to the field office for filing. Storage and protection of all delivered
materials shall be checked periodically to ensure that there is no
deterioration of the materials prior to incorporation in the work.
2.6.1. Purpose of Inspection
In general, properly applied inspection/monitoring of the project will

help in ensuring that:
a. The materials and workmanship provided by the Contractor

comply with the requirements of the project.
b. The requirements indicated in the contract documents will
be carried out.
c. The use of unacceptable substitutes will be avoided.
d. Making errors that might result in unnecessary maintenance
cost will be avoided.
e. Extra work will be minimized.
f. Materials and workmanship that are guaranteed will be
evaluated at the time of installation.
2.6.2. Significance of Site Inspection
There is no substitute for site quality control inspection in concrete

work. Nonetheless, complete reliance on test results from control
samples can be misleading.
For example, test results may be satisfactory even if the concrete
structure is structurally unsound due to defects in workmanship. This
situation may be caused by one or a combination of the following:
a. Addition of water after samples have been taken

b. Delayed placing
c. Unsuitable weather conditions (rain or excessive heat)
d. Inadequate compaction
e. Inadequate curing and protection of sample
f. Defective construction control
g. Contamination of concrete mix before or during placement
2.6.3. Frequency of Inspection
Frequency Procedures
One Time is when a. Check equipment.
only one inspection b. Inspect material at supplier’s facilities for source
is required. approval.
c. Inspect laboratory and testing facilities for approval
prior to use.
d. Check initial layout, closing error and survey.
e. Inspect centerline survey and stakeout.
f. Review office and record procedures for Contractor
and consultant.
g. Final check on pavement surface for texture and
ride.
h. Final check on finished structures.
i. Final check on drainage.
j. Final acceptance checks on utility, lighting, signing,
and pavement marking.
k. Final measurement of work for payment.
l. Check erection plan, falsework plans, and
workshop drawings.
Critical Point is a a. Inspect subgrade, subbase and base before

one-time inspection placing the next structured layer.
that may be b. Inspect subbase, falsework, lay-out and elevation
performed at a and reinforcement before placing concrete.
specific point in c. Check bearing surface before placing foundations
the construction (for bridges).
sequence before d. Check all materials to be covered before backfill
the next phase of operations.
construction takes e. Check bearings before placing bridge
place. superstructure (for bridges).
f. Check excavations before placing drainage
structures or utilities.
g. Check temporary shoring before work in deep
excavations.
h. Check grade before placing sod for compliance
with plan and adequate drainage (for slope
protection).
i. Inspect other miscellaneous critical points in
specialized situations.
Intermittent a. Check construction layout and elevations.

Spot-Checks are b. Inspect fill material aggregates and stockpiles for
random inspection contamination and proper handling.
or regular spot c. Inspect stockpiles of other materials (such as
checks. pipes and reinforcing steel) for damage.
d. Inspect backfilling and embankment operations for
compliance with specifications.
e. Inspect drainage structures, manholes, catch
basins, pipe laying, and other minor structures
for proper materials, conformance with plans and
damage.
f. Inspect subbase for line, level, moisture content,
and compaction.
g. Check for all required tests and samples:
- Asphalt, Temperature, Density
- Concrete, Slump, Cylinders
- Soil Bearing Capacity, Moisture Content and
Density
h. Check safety requirements traffic control,
falsework, shoring of excavations, scaffolding, etc.
i. Inspect concrete during curing.
Continuous a. Structural or paving concrete production at

Monitoring is batching plant.
needed when some b. Bituminous concrete production at plant.
operations, due c. Placing of paving concrete.
to their inherent d. Placing of bituminous concrete.
critical or variable e. Pile Driving operations.
nature, require the f. Rolling and compaction operations of bituminous
full presence of an materials.
inspector. g. Placing of structural concrete.
2.7. Quality Control Measures in Construction
The primary consideration is to maximize the stability of the structure.

This can be achieved by paying careful attention to the following
quality control measures during the various stages of construction:’
Quality Control Measures

Asphalt (Bituminous
Concrete
Soil Construction Mixtures)
Construction
Construction
1. Soil improvement by 1. Selection of 1. Selection of
selection or stabilization materials Materials
2. Minimize change in 2. Design of the 2. Design of Mixture
water content concrete mixture 3. Aggregate
3. Provide adequate 3. Aggregate Production Control
subsoil and surface production control 4. Asphalt Production
drainage 4. Concrete Control
4. Ensure thorough production control 5. Sampling and
compaction 5. Control in Testing of Mixture
5. Stabilization/ transporting and 6. Construction Control
protection of slopes placing 7. Foundation Control
6. Control of 8. Drainage Control
consistency
7. Sampling and
testing of mixture
8. Curing and
protection
2.8. Proper Quality Assurance and Construction Methods/

Procedures
The LGU should bear in mind the principles, methods, procedures

and activities enumerated below to ensure proper quality assurance:
a. Establish a working quality assurance group in charge of the

supervision and inspection at all levels of work.
b. Inspect/witness all work performed and all materials fur-
nished to the project.
c. Bring any deficiencies in work or materials to the attention of
both Contractor and the concerned engineers assigned in

the project.
d. Ensure that the construction method used is according to
each Item of Work indicated in the design.
e. Ensure that all sampling and testing required by specifica-
tions or jobsite conditions are performed by standard proce-
dures.
f. Observe taking samples and various materials testing, both
in the laboratory and field performed by Contractor’s materi-
als personnel.
g. Ensure that materials used passed the required specification
prior to incorporation to the project.
h. Reject materials and recommend suspending the works that
are not in compliance with specifications.
i. Conduct continuous quality assurance inspections of all
Items of Work as construction work progresses.
j. Assign technical and capable personnel to oversee the im-
plementation during construction stage.
k. Ensure that the needed materials testing equipment are
available.
l. Ensure that there is no scarcity of supplies of materials to be
used in the project.
2.9. Project Documentation
Project documentation is essential and serves as the foundation

for the on-going work. It serves as a means of communication and
enables transfer of knowledge. It also provides details on the results
of the project.
The Contractor shall maintain adequate records of all inspections

and tests. The records shall indicate the nature and number of
observations made, the number and type of deficiencies found, the
quantities approved and rejected, and the nature of any corrective
actions taken. Project documents give an overview of the works to
be done or accomplished during the implementation of the project.
It is also used during the evaluation of the stability and quality of the
projects.
Various documents/reports are to be accomplished and kept during

the quality control implementation of a project. These documents are
enumerated in the next sections and clustered as follows:
• Construction Quality Control File Documents

• Material Quality Control File Documents
• Standards on Photographs for Project Documentation
• Report Preparation on Materials Documents and
Communications
• Documentation of Project Management Meetings and Related
Activities
TAKE Proper documentation and specific QA activities must be

NOTE observed before any Item of Works proceeds. The LGU
Project Engineer ensures that all tests are conducted
Construction Quality Control File Documents:

1. Project Information/History 1. Statement of Work
2. Project Journal/Engineer’s Accomplished (SWA)
Logbook 2. Status Report or Statement of
3. Approved Plans Time Elapsed
4. Specifications 3.Status of Retention Money
5. DPWH Standard 4.Back-up data Computations for
Specifications Volume II (Blue Items included under SWA
Book) 5. Statement of Materials on Site
6. Project Organizational Chart 6. Monthly Weather Chart Report
7. Contractor’s Organizational 7. Approved Time Extension
Chart 8. Suspension of Work Order &
8. Contractor’s Manpower Report Resume Order
9. Contractor’s Equipment 9. Calibrated Actions, if project is
Availability behind schedule (DPWH D.O. #
10. PERT/CPM 102, series 1988)
11. S-Curve and Bar Chart 10. Monthly Project Progress
12. Straight Line Diagram (for Report
Roads) 11. Weekly Work Schedule
13. Approved Worked Request 12. Quantity Computation Forms
for Work Activities (Earthworks)
14. Program of Works (POW) 13. Construction Occupational
15. Detailed Estimates Safety and Health Program
16. Project Status Report
17. Valid Contractor’s License 14. Construction Environmental

18. Change/Variation Order/ Management Plan
Extra Work Order/Supplemental 15. Project Punch-List
Agreement 16. Final Inspection Report
17. Falsework Documentation
18. Approved As-Stake Plans
19. Approved As-Built Plans
20. Certificate of Completion/
Acceptance (for completed
projects)
21. Project Photographs
22. Memorandum
A. Materials Quality Control File Documents
1. Quality Control Plan (QCP) 11. Quality Control

2. Status of Test Organizational Chart
3. Summary of Test Reports 12. Contractor’s Quality Control
4. Materials Test Reports Organizational Chart
5. Laboratory Test Summary and 13. Materials Logbook
Test Reports 14. Pouring Permits
6. Quality Control Field 15. Inspection Report on
Worksheets Minimum Testing Equipment
7. Concrete Design/Trial Mix(es) 16. Calibration of Laboratory
8. Report on Concreting Works Testing Equipment Documents
9. Asphalt Job-Mix(es) Formula 17. Approved Materials Source
10. Quality Control Straight Line Plan
Diagram (for road concreting) 18. Certificate of Quality Control
Assurance (CQCA)
19. Accreditation of Materials
Engineers (Contractor)
20 Other Related Documents
(Memorandum, Minutes of the
Meeting, etc.)
B. Standards on Photographs for Project Documentation
1. Photographs shall be taken at 100-meter intervals, with a

person holding a signboard indicating the station and date
taken.
2. Photographs shall be taken at an angle showing the
longitudinal axis of the roadway. As much as possible, a
distinguishable landmark, e.g. a tree, house, etc., should also
be included in the picture’s periphery.
3. Photographs shall be taken at the same points from the
same angle before, during, and after the construction of the
particular stretch or portion of the section or item of work. The
“DURING” photographs shall include the equipment being
used.
4. The points where the photographs are to be taken shall be
designated by the Project Engineer.
5. The “BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER” photographs shall be
properly labeled and arranged in a page for ready comparison.
6. Photographs shall also be taken to record progress in cases of
removal of unsuitable soil (muck, peats, sod, roots and other
deleterious matter).
7. The Project Engineer concerned shall affix signature at the
back side of the photographs and sign initial at the front side.
8. The photographs shall be colored and have a size of at least
12.5 cm by 9 cm.
9. Use of cameras capable of imprinting dates on photographs
taken with these is preferred.
C. Report Preparation of Materials, Documents, and Communications
1. Quality Control Plan (QCP) – Prepared by Contractor
The QCP shall specify the minimum number of tests required

for an item of work which correspond to the quantities stated in
the approved Program of Work of a project.
This plan is prepared and submitted by the Contractor to the

Head of the Engineering Office for Approval. The plan includes
provisions on how the work and materials should be inspected
and the nature and amount of testing to be done.
Example of a Quality Control Plan Form is shown in Annex C1

–C4.
2. Status of Test - Prepared by Contractor
The number of tests to be conducted shall be based on the

minimum testing requirements for one source. If the materials
are taken from more than one source, each should be tested
separately and should comply with the aforementioned minimum
testing requirements.
Example of a Status of Test Form is shown in Annex C-7.
3. Certificate of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA) - Prepared by

LGU
The purpose of the CQCA is to ensure proper and effective

materials quality control in the project being implemented. It is
also intended to augment the quality tests with actual inspection
of work done as construction work progresses in all projects,
whether by Contract or by Administration.
The Certificate of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA) is

prepared and certified by both the LGU’s Materials Engineer
and Project Engineer after the inspection and verification of the
work accomplished. It should indicate whether the quality and
quantity of materials indicated in the Items of Work correspond
with the Standard Specifications and Special Provision of the
Contract. The CQCA is submitted to the LGU Engineering Office
on a weekly basis.
Testing and inspection should complement each other for quality

assurance.
Example of a Certificate of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA)

Form is shown in Annex C5 – C6.
4. Concrete Pouring Permit - Prepared and Approved by

Representative of the LGU
In order to ensure that all concreting works are done in

accordance with the approved plans and specifications, no
Contractor shall start any concreting works without submitting

a pouring request form 2–3 days prior the scheduled date of
pouring.
The Pouring Permit should be approved and issued by the

concerned Project Engineer after the Project Inspector is done
checking and has ascertained that the necessary preparations
and procedures in all construction control conforms with the
approved plans. This includes checking if the necessary
equipment is established on project site and all materials to be
incorporated into the work are in accordance with the standard
specifications and have passed all testing requirements.
Records of disapproved pouring requests should be kept on file

for future reference.
(Refer to DPWH Department Order No. 211, dated November

16, 2000, and signed by Gregorio R. Vigilar – DPWH Secretary)
Examples can be found at the following Annexes:

• Pouring Request/Letter is shown in Annex G-6.
• Standard Concrete Pouring Permit Form is shown in
Annex C-9.
5. Materials Quality Control Logbook - Prepared by both LGU and

Contractor
A daily diary shall be prepared and maintained by the Materials

Engineer. An entry shall be made every day to track whether
or not work was performed. Entries shall include the following
details:
• The date and the day’s weather

• Project activities of the day
• Quality control activities, e.g. samples taken, test
performed, samples submitted for testing, memoranda
received/issued, etc.
• Field problems encountered during construction and
how such problems are resolved
• Comments/remarks of the Materials Engineer and the
Inspection Teams
The Diary or Log shall be signed by both the LGU’s Materials

Engineer and Project Engineer for the project, as well as by the
Contractor’s Materials Engineer.
The logbook must be kept available for inspecting officials of

the Agency. After the project has been completed, said logbook
shall be submitted to the LGU Head of Engineering Office with
other project records for file and future reference.
Example of a Materials Quality Control Logbook is shown in

Annex C – 13.
6. Authenticity of Quality Control Reports
7. Only original reports should be accepted. Duplicates or

photocopies should be verified. If there is doubt as to the
authenticity of test reports presented by suppliers or Contractors,
the same should be verified with the Chief of the Materials
Testing Section of the QAD/S of the LGU Engineering Office.
D. Documentation of Project Management Meetings and Related

Activities
The activities below shall be documented in writing and should

include any agreements and plans. The documentation can serve
as the basis and reference for the QA/QC activities.
1. Pre-Construction Meeting
The pre-construction meeting, which is usually initiated

by the LGU Engineering Office, shall be conducted within
one week of the Contractor’s mobilization on the site. The
minutes of the meeting shall be prepared by the Technical
Person of the Contractor (e.g. Field Engineer or Safety
Officer).
The agenda of the meeting includes:
a. Agreement on the usual venue and frequency of

Coordination and Construction Meetings;
b. Permits to be secured by the Contractor e.g. for
utilities;
c. Construction/rental arrangements of Field Office and
rental of vehicle at site;
d. Items to be moved/removed/cut or excavated at site
within the RROW (road right-of-way);
e. Consultation meetings with homeowners or residents
who will be affected by the road/bridge improvement
or upgrading, if any;
f. Discussion on line and grade and/or correct
interpretation of the project’s plan and profile;
g. Schedule and conduct of survey and staking;
h. Discussion by either the PEO or the Contractor on
items which can be started at the early stage of the
project;
i. Review and comments on the Contractor’s
Construction Methodology;
j. Review and comments on the Contractor’s Quality
Control Plan;
k. Review and comments on the Contractor’s Safety
and Health Program; and
l. Other immediate concerns by either the Contractor
or PEO.
3. COMPLETION PHASE
The completion phase signals that the road construction is nearly
finished. This phase involves Punch-Listing and Final Inspection for the
acceptance of work for the completed project.
3.1. Punch-Listing
Once the project accomplishes 95% of the total contract amount,

the LGU may create an Inspectorate Team to do the inspection and
submit a punch-list to the Contractor in preparation for the completion
of the project. Said punch-list contains, among others, the remaining
works, work deficiencies for necessary corrections, and the specific
duration/time to fully complete the project considering the approved
remaining time. This, however, shall not preclude the LGU’s claim
for liquidated damages.
The Contractor shall request the concerned LGU to conduct the

final inspection of the project. This shall be carried out immediately
to validate the punch-listed items.
3.2. Contract Completion
Once the project reaches an accomplishment of ninety-five (95%)

of the total contract amount, the Procuring Entity may create an
inspectorate team to make preliminary inspection and submit a
punch-list to the Contractor in preparation for the final turnover of
the project. Said punch-list will contain, among others, the remaining
Works, Work deficiencies for necessary corrections, and the specific
duration/time to fully complete the project considering the approved
remaining contract time. This, however, shall not preclude the claim
of the Procuring Entity for liquidated damages.
The Inspectorate Team shall carry out the steps provided in Annex
J.1: Contract Completion Processes and the final inspection for final
acceptance shall be carried out following the provision in Annex J.2
3.3. Quality Assurance (QA) Assessment Tool
The QA Assessment Tool was developed by the DILG Conditional

Matching Grant to Provinces Project (DILG-CMGP) and enhanced by
the UNDP’s Paving the Roads to SDGs through Good Governance
Project (UNDP-Roads2SDGs). It is a monitoring tool that assesses
performance of the provincial local governments (PLGUs) in project
implementation.
Assessment results arising from the use of the QA tool shall serve as
basis for DILG-CMGP and UNDP-R2SDGs in determining projects-
at-risk, and programming technical assistance programs for PLGUs
to address areas for improvement.
See Annex C27-C31 for the Guidelines on the Administration of the
QA Assessment Tool.
Part 3: Practical Measures for Problems Encountered during Project Implementation 87
PART 3
PRACTICAL MEASURES FOR
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
DURING PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Precautions in Materials Testing and
Quality Control
3.2 Common Problems Encountered
and Remedial Measures in Project
Implementation
Practical Measures for Problems Encountered

During Project Implementation
This section provides practical knowledge and remedial measures for
implementers to identify malpractices during materials testing and to
manage common problems encountered in project implementation.
1. PRECAUTIONS IN MATERIALS TESTING AND

QUALITY CONTROL
Table 5 describes the common malpractices of Contractors during

materials testing and quality control. The LGU should minimize and/or
prevent these from occurring through the proper execution of its quality
assurance program.
COMMON DESCRIPTION
MALPRACTICES
No Approved • The approved Program of Work of
Quality Control the project is not furnished for the
Plan (QCP) for the preparation of Quality Control Plan
project prior to the • This happens when the Construction
start of works personnel has poor coordination with
the Materials personnel.
• This practice indicates that relationships
among the project personnel are poor.
Construction and Materials personnel
do not have a harmonious relationship
and do not cooperate with each other
during the implementation of the project.
Incorporation of • Construction materials are incorporated

materials into the into the works without being tested.
works without • Testing of materials was not done in
quality tests a timely manner. It was only done to
comply with the project requirements for
billing purposes.
Fabrication of • The reports on the tested materials are
test reports on not authentic and show dubious results
the construction • Signatures of the personnel and officials
materials of testing laboratories are forged.
Samples of • Special fabricated samples of materials
materials submitted are submitted to the testing laboratory to
to the testing ensure that these will pass the required
laboratory are not specifications.
truly representative • The samples that are sent for testing
of the actual have good quality and come from
materials delivered a source different from where the
to the project site materials actually delivered on site
came from.
The construction • The succeeding materials that were
materials that are purchased and delivered were of poor
actually delivered and substandard quality.
are incompatible • Samples tested are different from the
with the test results. actual materials being incorporated into
the work.
Unreliable and • This can only be determined by doing
dubious test results a thorough review of the worksheets
of materials of tests performed by the laboratory
technician.
• Inspectors with vast experience in
laboratory works have an edge in
detecting this type of abuse.
2. COMMON PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

AND REMEDIAL MEASURES IN PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
The quality of materials incorporated in the works is one of the major

contributing factors to good quality road projects. This section provides
tips to road implementers in identifying the common problems in project
implementation and their respective remedial measures. Sample
pictures depicting the problems are included to facilitate identification.
Tables 6.1 to 6.5 present the problems per item of works of roads project,
their probable causes, recommendations and authorized corrections.
Table 6.1 Common Problems Encountered in EARTHWORKS and Remedial
Item 100 – Clearing and Grubbing
Sample Visual Identifier
Common Problems
Encountered/Items of Works
Remedial Measures
Heavy and light equipment a. Heavy and light equipment should

utilized in the project are not be properly maintained. These must
in good working condition be checked regularly so that these are
in good running condition at all times.
b. A stand-by skilled mechanic and

helper should be provided in case
of trouble, e.g. services and repairs
may be badly needed in the event of
breakdown of various heavy and light
equipment at project site.
Item 101 – Removal of Structures and Obstructions
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
Improper disposal of There should be proper disposal of re-

removed structures/ moved structures/unsuitable materials
unsuitable materials at designated areas.
Item 102 – Excavation
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
The areas where Assign an operator and helper to the

excavations are being done available heavy equipment to provide
can make roads unpassable, assistance or tow the vehicles if they
resulting in stranded get stranded in the slippery/muddy
motorists, passengers, and/ sections during bad weather or when
or pedestrians
the roads are not good.
Item 103 – Structure Excavation
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
1.Road Right-of-Way a. Secure Permit to Enter and/or de-

obstructions like removal molish the affected structure (without
of permanent structures, any cost to the owner)
fences, and buildings. b. Advance Letter of Request on
Removal, Transfer and Relocation of
2. Electrical post/lines electrical post/lines outside the project
obstruction within the
project limit limit in order not to delay the project
• Water lines and implementation
connections c. Water lines and connections should
• Communica-tion lines, be protected during excavation/opera-
pipelines and other tion activities
facilities d. Safeguard underground communi-
cation pipelines and other facilities to
avoid damage
Item 104 – Embankment
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
Delivery of embankment Remove the solid, bulky earth ma-

material to project site terials on stockpile for embankment
contains solid, bulky earth at quarry site before delivery to the
materials project site
Item 105 – Subgrade Preparation
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
1. Discovery of un- Proper field or laboratory tests shall

satisfactory soils during determine suitability. Unsuitable soil
subgrade preparation should be removed from the required
depth and replaced with acceptable
materials
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
2. No side ditch was Provide side ditch on both sides of the

provided road as required
3. Undefined side ditches Redo and define side ditches
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
4. No roadway crown Proper crowning to conform with the

specifications
Common Problems
Remedial Measures
5. Subgrade was not Undertake adequate and thorough

compacted compaction of the subgrade
96
Common Course)
Authorized
Problems Probable Causes Recommendation
Correction
Encountered
a. Inadequate • Compaction • Redo the
Quality Assurance Guidebook
compaction/number of shall continue compaction

passes not attained by until a field density continuously
road roller of 100% of the until there
is no visible
b. Compaction not • Compaction for movement of
done layer by layer subbase must the fill under
• If necessary, • If necessary,
do scarifying and do scarifying
c. No watering during add some water to and add
compaction achieve optimum some water
Probable Causes, Recommendation and Authorized Correction
1. Insufficient
compaction • Provide the • Remove
on Item 200 required subbase substandard
Aggregate course materials inferior quality
Subbase • Materials materials that
(For Item 200 – Aggregate Subbase Course, and Item 201 - Aggregate Base
Course (or
Table 6.2 Common Problems Encountered in SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE,
specifications have been

Item 201 d. Materials should be passed incorporated
Aggregate incorporated are of before these are and replace
Base Course) inferior quality incorporated in the with acceptable
materials,
resulting in • Excavate • Excavate
settlement/ and remove and remove
upheaval all unsuitable/ all unsuitable/
clayey materials clayey
below subgrade materials below
e. Unsuitable materials preparation subgrade
under the subgrade and stabilize by preparation
preparation were not replacing with and stabilize
removed suitable granular by replacing
Unsuitable materials material and with suitable
– materials containing compact the same granular
detrimental quantities to the required material and
of organic materials density compact
such as grass, roots • If you discover the same to
and sewerage. there is unsuitable the required
2. Oversized • Handpick
Item 200 all oversized
Aggregate Materials on the • Enforce proper materials noted
Subbase stockpiles were not materials quality in the project
Course (or screened before control in the • Remove and
Item 201 delivery at the job site project reprocess
Part 3: Practical Measures for Problems Encountered during Project Implementation
97
Figure 13. Sample Visual Identifier for Item 200 Common Problems
Sample Visual Identifier Common Problems
Insufficient compaction
on Item 200 Aggregate
Subbase Course
materials resulting in
settlement/upheaval
Oversized Item 200

Aggregate Subbase
Course materials were
incorporated
Test pitting shows

deficient thickness of
Item 200 Aggregate
Subbase Course
materials
Table 6.3A Common Problems Encountered in SURFACE

COURSES (PCCP)
1. CRACKS
A crack running
1.1 Transverse Crack transversely across the
pavement block. Cracks
are predominantly
perpendicular to the
pavement
a. Transverse crack
occurring at middle third
of pavement block.
b. Transverse crack
occurring within 1.50 m.
from the weakened plane
joint.
c. Transverse crack
falls or is located on the
weakened plane.
1.2 Longitudinal Crack
Cracks that are

predominantly parallel to
the pavement centerline
It can occur singly or as

a series of nearly parallel
cracks continuous
running longitudinally
along the pavement
1.3 Corner Crack
A crack extending
diagonally from
longitudinal edge to
a transverse joint or
encircling the corner
edges of a pavement
block caused by traffic
loads on unsupported
corners.
1.4 Temperature/ Shrinkage & Hairline

Cracks
A series of cracks in
pavement blocks running
either in longitudinal or
transverse direction.
Cracks are shallow and
short
2. SCALING
Progressive breakdown
of slab surface through
loss of mortar, followed by
loss of aggregates or loss
of aggregates through
breakdown, followed by
loss of mortar.
It is the deterioration of
the upper concrete slab
surface.
Scaling can be classified
as either minor or major.
Scaling is considered
minor when the depth
of exposed pavement
surface is less than 5.0
mm.
Major scaling happens
when the depth of exposed
pavement surface is over
5.0 mm.
3. POCKMARKS
Pockmarks are tiny

holes in the pavement
surface caused by loss
of aggregates or foreign
materials such as wood
splits and dirty or soft
aggregates from the
pavement surface.
4. RAIN DAMAGED SURFACE
Smooth, polished or
glassy appearance
associated with damaged
finished brooming of the
completed pavement
surface. This is caused
by either surface rain
water run-off or by marks
left by covering materials
used for protection of the
pavement from rain.
5. FOOTMARKS
Human and animal

footprints left on the
surface during the curing
period of the newly placed
concrete pavement
6. GRADER BLADE MARKS, SCRATCHES and LETTER MARKS
Marks left on the

pavement surface by the
grader blade and stones
that came in contact with
the concrete pavement
during the spreading
of the aggregate base
course materials for side
shouldering
7. CHIPPING OFF
Cracking and breaking

concrete edges
(longitudinal and
transverse) due to
the breakdown or
disintegration of the slab
surface at the edges,
joints, and corners
8. HONEYCOMBS
Formation of small holes

caused by the removal
of aggregates on the
exposed side of the
concrete pavement.
Table 6.3B Common Problems Encountered in SURFACE

COURSES (PCCP)
Common Problems Sample Visual Identifier
Insufficient application of
asphalt joint filler/sealant on
weakened plane joint and
longitudinal joint
Excessive application of
asphalt joint filler/sealant on
weakened plane joint and
longitudinal joint
Non-compliance of the
installed tie bars and dowels
in terms of size/diameter,
spacing, and length
Shallow cutting depth of

weakened plane joints
Using steel plate instead of

concrete saw when cutting
weakened plane joints
Boreholes are left unfilled/

unrestored upon the
completion of the drilling
operation for the concrete
coring on newly constructed
pavements. This affects the
riding surface and leads to
the early deterioration of the
pavement.
Cutting of weakened plane

joint on PCCP not uniform
Table 6.4A Common Problems Encountered in SURFACE COURSES (PCCP),

Probable Causes, Recommendation and Authorized Correction
Common
Authorized
Correction
Encountered
1.
Transverse
Crack
1.1 Seal the

Transverse Seal the transverse transverse
crack crack on the crack on the
occurring at middle thirds with middle thirds
middle third pressurized injectible with pressurized
of pavement concrete epoxy injectible concrete
block epoxy
a. Delayed, lack
of cutting depth
on weakened
1.2 Remove and
plane joint, and Remove and replace
Transverse replace 1/3 of the
shallow cutting of 1/3 of the pavement
crack pavement block
weakened plane block and provide
occurring and provide dowel
joints dowel bars at
within 1.50 bars at weakened
b. Overload weakened plane joint
m. from the plane joint and
c. Failure and tie bar at the
weakened tie bar at the
of unstable construction joints
plane joint construction joints
foundations
1.3
Transverse
Leave the
crack falls or Leave the transverse
transverse crack
is located on crack as is. Do not
as is. Do not cut
the weakened cut using concrete
using concrete
plane joint saw. Seal only with
saw. Seal only
or at 4.5m asphalt joint filler/
with asphalt joint
concrete sealant.
filler/sealant.
block
pavement
2. a. Unsuitable i. Excavate In cases wherein

Longitudinal materials were and remove all the cause is
Crack not removed unsuitable/clayey poor subgrade,
during subgrade materials below this should be
preparation subgrade preparation replaced with
b. The subbase/ and stabilize by suitable granular
base course replacing with material prior to
materials were not suitable granular concreting by the
incorporated material and compact Contractor at his
c The required the same to the own expense.
degree of required density Alternatively, the
compaction was ii. Provide the pavement area
not attained required subbase/ affected with
d. The subbase/ base course longitudinal cracks
base course materials may be removed
materials put iii. Attain the required or replaced.
in place do not degree of compaction
meet the required for subbase/base
specifications iv. Follow the
e. Poorly required specification
constructed of Subbase/Base
subgrade, subbase course materials
and base
3. a. Pouring at high i. Schedule pouring • Seal the cracks

Temperature/ temperature (hot during early morning with pressurized
Shrinkage weather) and late afternoon injectable concrete
& Hairline b. Improper or no ii. Observe correct epoxy
Cracks concrete curing method of concrete • Require the
c. Immediate curing concern Project
evaporation Engineer to
of water in monitor all
concrete mix after pavement blocks
placement with temperature
and hairline cracks
and if further
deterioration
occurs within
the warranty
period, remove
and replace the
affected block
4. Scaling a. Overworking of i. Observe correct •Conduct coring

the surface during procedure of floating on affected blocks
construction on concrete surfacing and subject
b. Over vibration ii. Moderate vibration to strength
c. Too much water iii. Undertake regular determination. If
a. Low cement routine slump tests to samples pass,
content monitor the water/ correct minor
d. Over sanding cement ratio and scaling with
e. Poor quality of control the water concrete epoxy
aggregates content mortar.
f. Inadequate iv. Use quality • Require the
curing of concrete. cement and implementing
g. Poor quality of aggregates office to monitor
cement v. Follow concrete the noted
design mix defective areas
vi. Observe proper that have been
curing of concrete repaired. If further
deterioration
occurs within the
warranty period
of one year, redo/
remove and
replace the noted
affected areas at
the Contractor’s
expense.
•If samples fail,
remove and
replace all affected
blocks. Ensure
that replacement
work will be
properly executed
and effectively
serve the purpose.
5. Pockmarks a.Presence of i. Reject sand and • Seal with

wood splits, dirty or gravel with wood concrete epoxy
soft aggregates on splits, dirty or soft mortar
sand and gravel aggregates
b. Quarrying of ii. Avoid quarrying
sand and gravel activities during flood
during flood at river at river
6. Rain a. No covering Follow the correct • Require the

Damaged protection provided method of covering implementing
Surface against rain to on unhardened office to monitor
the unhardened concrete for the noted
concrete protection during defective surface
b. Wrong unpredictable areas that been
placement of occurrence of rain damaged by
covering material rain. If further
to protect the deterioration
newly placed occurs within the
concrete pavement warranty period of
surface against one year, remove
sudden changes and replace the
of weather, e.g. noted affected
heavy rain areas.
7. Footmarks a. The protection to i. Provide adequate • Define the depth

prevent the sudden warning signs, of affected surface
entry of animals/ bollards, barricades, caused by tires
persons, which construction caution and human and
leave footmarks tape, and watchmen animal footsteps.
on the unhardened all around the If the width and
concrete concrete pavement depth of marks are
pavement, was not ii. Request more than 1 cm,
provided households to seal all marks with
restrain their pets concrete epoxy
during concrete mortar
pouring • Seal the
footmarks with
concrete epoxy
grout
8. Chipping a. Unconstructed i. All steel forms used • Provide sufficient

off shoulders or lack shall be removed 24 shouldering
of shouldering hours after concrete materials on the
materials on pouring sides to prevent
exposed side/s of ii. Crowbars should further chipping
concrete pavement be used in pulling out
b. Early or nails and pins during
improper removal the removal of the
of steel forms forms. Care must be
made so as not to
break the edges of
the pavement
iii. Provide the
required shouldering
materials before
concrete pavement
will be open to traffic
9. a. No vibrator was i. Provide concrete • Immediately

Honeycombs used during the vibratory equipment repair by
pouring of concrete during pouring of plastering/patching
as required concrete the honeycomb
b. Inadequate/ ii. Observe proper with fresh mortar,
improper vibration vibratory procedure. with the proportion
procedure during Vibrators shall not be being one part of
pouring of concrete operated longer than Portland Cement
has resulted in 15 seconds in any and two parts fine
poor blending one location aggregates
and settling of iii. All steel forms
aggregates. should be removed
Random 24 hours after
penetration of concrete pouring
vibrator at different iv. Apply oil/grease
angles is not in steel forms before
effective concrete pouring and
c. Early removal of extra care should be
steel forms observed in removing
d. Steel forms the steel forms
were not applied
with specified form
oil/grease
Table 6.4B Common Problems Encountered in SURFACE COURSES (PCCP),

Probable Causes and Recommendation
Common
Encountered
1. Cutting of a. Concrete saw was i. Provide skilled
weakened plane operated by an ordinary and knowledgeable
joint on PCCP not laborer personnel to operate the
uniform concrete cutter
b. Skilled operator was ii. No drinking of alcohol
drunk during the cutting during working hours
of weakened plane joints
on concrete pavement
Table 6.4C Common Problems Encountered in SURFACE COURSES (PCCP),

Recommendation and Authorized Correction
Common
Problems Probable Causes Authorized Correction
Encountered
1. Corner crack If crack opening is 1-2 • Sealing the corner
mm, seal crack with cracks with pressurized
injectible concrete epoxy. injectible concrete epoxy
If crack opening exceeds
2 mm, remove and
replace 1/3 or whole
block as the case maybe,
providing the necessary
dowel/tie bars.
2. Non-compliance Check tie bars and • Longitudinal Joint

to standards of dowels before installation (located at centerline of
the installed tie to make sure these pavement):
bars and dowels conform with the Tie bars may be bent
in terms of size/ specifications
at right angles against
diameter, spacing,
and length the form of the first
lane constructed and
straightened into final
position before the
concrete of the adjacent
lane is placed.
If the lanes are
concreted separately, a
longitudinal construction
joint in the form of a
keyway is used.
• Rebars on Joints:
Wrap the exposed
half of the tie bars
with cellophane at the
longitudinal joint to
avoid being coated with
concrete.
The cellophane shall
be removed before
concrete pouring on
adjacent pavement to
have a good binding
effect between the newly
poured concrete and
rebars.
Table 6.4D Common Problems Encountered in PCCP and Recommendation
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
1. Shallow cutting depth of • Redo the cutting of PCCP joints with

weakened plane joints concrete saw to the required depth of 50
mm (2”) to conform with specifications
1. Using steel plate instead • Comply with the correct cutting of

of concrete saw when weakened plane joints using concrete saw
cutting the weakened plane to the required depth of 50 mm (2”) and
joints width not more than 6 mm to conform with
the specifications
Table 6.4E Common Problems Encountered in PCCP and Authorized Correction
Common Problems
Authorized Correction
Encountered
1. Grader blade marks, • Measure the depth of scratches. If the

scratches and letter marks depth of marks is more than 1 cm, seal all
marks with concrete epoxy mortar.
2. Insufficient application of • Provide sufficient asphalt joint filler/sealant

asphalt joint filler/sealant on on weakened plane joint and longitudinal
the weakened plane joint joint.
and longitudinal joint
3. Excessive application of • Remove the excess asphalt joint filler/

asphalt joint filler/sealant on sealant from the weakened plane joint and
the weakened plane joint longitudinal joint
and longitudinal joint
4. Boreholes are left • Fill the boreholes with the required

unfilled/unrestored after the concrete mix and restore the surface by
completion of the drilling brooming.
operation for the concrete
coring of newly constructed
pavements.
This affects the riding

surface and results to
early deterioration of the
pavement
Table 6.5A Common Problems Encountered in DRAINAGE AND SLOPE

PROTECTION STRUCTURES (Pipe Culverts and Storm Drains) and
Recommendations/Remedial Measures
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Cracks on the installed If the crack will not affect the structural
RCPC integrity of the pipe and it is less than
1-2 mm, apply concrete epoxy mortar.
Otherwise, remove and replace the RCPC
with cracks.
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Inadequate/no concrete Provide sufficient mortar flushing inside

mortar flushing and collar RCPC joints.
inside and outside the Provide sufficient mortar collaring outside of
RCPC joints, respectively RCPC joints.
Width = 0.15 m.
Thickness = 0.10
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Installed RCPC does not Rework the portion where the RCPC was
conform with the required improperly installed
slope, alignment and
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Obstruction due to presence Institute corrective/remedial measure in
of underground water installation/laying of RCPC
pipeline during laying of
RCPC
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Manufactured RCPC with Reject the RCPC with substandard
substandard reinforcing reinforcing steel bars
steel bars
Table 6.5B Common Problems Encountered in DRAINAGE AND SLOPE

PROTECTION STRUCTURES (Stone Masonry) and Recommendations/Remedial
Measures
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
No mixing board was Provide watertight mixing board for the
provided for the mixing of mixing of concrete grout
concrete grout for stone
masonry.
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
No weepholes were Provide the necessary weepholes at least
installed on the stone 50 mm diameter PVC with filter bags and
masonry as per spaced not more than 2.00 m center to
specification center in a staggered manner on the stone
masonry as per specification
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Wrong construction Completely fill with the spaces between the
method in grouting of stone stones sufficient cement mortar throughout
masonry the thickness and install the required
weepholes where free outlets for water can
be obtained
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Insufficient concrete grout Provide sufficient cement mortar on stone
on stone masonry masonry to completely fill all voids, except
for the face surface of the stones, which
shall be left exposed
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Delivered boulders on Reject boulder materials mixed or coated
project site are coated with with mud
mud Remedial Measure
Remove the mud or dirt with water before
incorporating in the project
Table 6.5C Common Problems Encountered in DRAINAGE AND SLOPE

PROTECTION STRUCTURES (Gabions and Mattresses) and Recommendations/
Remedial Measures
Common Problems
Recommendation
Encountered
Oversized rock fill materials Remove and replace the in-place rock fill
are placed in gabions/ materials with materials that comply with the
mattresses required size, which range from 100 mm to
200 mm, to conform with the specifications
Preface 123
PART 4
ANNEXES
ANNEX A Schedule of Minimum Testing Requirements

ANNEX B AASHTO Standards in Material Testing
ANNEX C Quality Control Assurance Reports
ANNEX D Field Worksheets
ANNEX E Laboratory Worksheets
ANNEX F Test Reports, Certificates and Inspection
Reports
ANNEX G QA/QC Communications
ANNEX H Data and References
ANNEX I Relevant Guidelines and Issuances
ANNEX J Contract Completion Processes
ANNEX A
Local Road Projects Quality Control &
Schedule of Minimum Testing

Requirements
DPWH Standard Specifications for
Highways, Bridges, and Airports
(2013 Edition)
Annex A: Schedule of Minimum Testing Requirements 125
Schedule of Minimum Testing Requirements Governing Items

of Work of the DPWH Specifications for Highways, Bridges and
Airports
(2013 Edition)
PART C - EARTHWORKS
ITEM 100 – CLEARING AND GRUBBING

This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing
all vegetation and debris as designated in the contract.
Tests: None
ITEM 101 – REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

This item shall consist of the removal wholly or in part, and
satisfactory disposal of all buildings, fences, structures, old
pavements abandoned pipelines, and any other obstruction which are
not designated or permitted to remain.
Tests: None
ITEM 102 – EXCAVATION

This item shall consist of roadway, drainage and borrow excavation
and the disposal of materials.
Tests: Same as for Items 103, 104 and 105,

whichever is applicable
ITEM 103 – STRUCTURE EXCAVATION

This item shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundation of
bridges, culverts, under-drains, and other structures not otherwise
provided in the specifications.
If the excavated materials are wasted, the volume involved shall

be reported so that quality control requirements may be adjusted
accordingly (submit Project Engineer Certificate of Waste).
If the excavated materials are incorporated into the work:
Tests: For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:

1 – G, Grading Test
1 – P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1 – C, Laboratory Compaction Test

For every 150 mm in uncompacted depth:
1 – D, Field Density
ITEM 104 – EMBANKMENT

This item shall consist of the construction of embankment.
Tests: For every 1,500m3 or fraction thereof:

For each 500m2 of each layer of compacted fill or

fraction thereof: At least one group of three in – situ
density test. The layer shall be placed not exceeding
200 mm in loose measurement or based on the result
of compacted trials.
ITEM 105 – SUBGRADE PREPARATION

This item shall consist of the preparation of the sub-grade for the
support of overlying structural layers.
Tests: Same as for Item 104
PART D – SUBBASE AND BASE COURSE
ITEM 200 – AGGREGATE SUBBASE COURSE

This item shall consist of furnishing, placing and compaction of
aggregate sub-base course on a prepared sub-grade.
Tests: For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:


For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and
Abrasion)

For every 2,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 – CBR, California Bearing Test
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth based

on the result of compaction test trials:
At least one group of three in – situ density tests for
each 500 m2 or fraction thereof
ITEM 201 – AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

This item shall consist of furnishing, placing, and compaction of
aggregate base course on a prepared sub-grade.
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and
Abrasion)

1 – CBR, California Bearing Test
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth based

on the result of compaction test trials:
At least one group of three in – situ density tests for
each 500 m2 or fraction thereof
ITEM 202 – CRUSHED AGGREGATE BASE COURSE

This item shall consist of furnishing, placing, and compacting crushed
gravel, crushed stone or crush rock on a prepared sub-grade.

1 – F, Fractured face
PART E – SURFACE COURSES
ITEM 300 – AGGREGATE SURFACE COURSE

This item shall consist of wearing of top course composed of gravel or
crushed aggregate and other binder material.
Tests
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:

1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion)
For every layer of 150 mm of compacted depth based on the

result of compaction test trials:
At least one group of three in – situ density tests for each 500
m2 or fraction thereof
For crushed gravel or crushed stone 1,500 m3 or fraction

thereof:
ITEM 301 – BITUMINOUS PRIME COAT

This item shall consist of preparing and treating an aggregate base
course.
Quantity: 1 to 2 L/m2
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 40T or 200 drums
ITEM 302 – BITUMINOUS TACKCOAT

This item shall consist of preparing and treating an existing
bituminous or cement concrete with bituminous material.
Quantity: 0.2 to 0.7 L/m2

Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for every 40T or 200 drums
ITEM 303 – BITUMINOUS SEAL COAT

This item shall consist of an application of bituminous material with
or w/o an application of aggregate on an existing bituminous surface
course.
A. Bituminous Materials
Quantity: 0.2 to 1.5 L/m2
Test: 1 – Q, Quality Test for every 40T or 200 drums
B. Cover Aggregates
Quantity: 5 to 14 kg/m2
Test: For every 75 m3/200 kg or fraction thereof:
ITEM 307 – BITUMINOUS PLANT – MIX SURFACE COURSE –

GENERAL
This item includes general requirements that are applicable to
all type of bituminous surface courses irrespective of gradation of
aggregate or kind and amount of bituminous material.
A. Aggregate
Tests: For every 75 m3/200T or fraction thereof:
1 – G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests

1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and Abrasion, Stripping
and Bulk specific gravity)
B. Bituminous Materials
Quantity: 5 to 8 mass percent of total dry aggregates
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums or
fraction thereof
C. Mix
Tests:
For every 75 m3/130T or fraction thereof:
1 – G. Grading Test
1 – Ext, Stability Test
D. Hydrated Lime
Tests:
For every 100T or fraction thereof:
1 – Q, Quality Test
E. Mineral Filler
1 – G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL, PI)
F. Compacted Pavement
Tests:
For each full day’s operation:
D & T (Density & Thickness Test), at least one (1) but
not more than three (3) samples shall be taken
ITEM 310 – BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SURFACE COURSE – HOT

LAID
This item shall consist of constructing a bituminous concrete surface
course composed of aggregate, mineral filler and bituminous material
mixed in a central plant, constructed and laid hot on prepared base.
A. Aggregates
B. Bituminous Materials
Quantity: 5 to 8 mass percent of total dry aggregates
Tests:
1 – Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums fraction
thereof
C. Mix
D. Hydrated Lime
E. Mineral Filler
F. Compacted Pavement
ITEM 311 – PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT

This item shall consist of pavement of Portland cement concrete, with
or without reinforcement, constructed on the prepared base.
A. Cement
Quantity: 9.10 bags/m3 (40 kg/bag)
Test:
For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
B. Fine Aggregate
Quantity:
0.50 m3/m3 concrete (if using rounded course aggregate)
0.54 m3/m3 concrete (if using angular or crushed coarse
aggregate)
Tests
For a source not yet tested or failed in previous quality

test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Elutriation – wash,
Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength,
Soundness, Organic Impurities, Unit Weight, % clay
lumps and % shale)
For a source previously tested and passed quality test:

1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Elutriation – wash, Bulk
Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength)

C. Coarse Aggregate
Quantity:
0.77 m3/m3 concrete (if using rounded coarse aggregate)
0.68 m3/m3 concrete (if using angular or crushed coarse
aggregate)
Tests
a. For a source not yet tested or failed in previous

quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific

Gravity, Absorption, Abrasion, Soundness and
Unit Weight)
b. For a source previously tested and passed quality

test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific

Gravity, Absorption and Abrasion)

D. Water
Test
1 – Certificate from Project Engineer or 1 – Q, Quality
Test if source is questionable
E. Joint filler
a. Poured joint filler

Test
1 – Q, Quality Test on each type of ingredient
for each shipment
b. Pre – Molded Joint Filler

Test
1 – Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for
each shipment
F. Special Curing Agents

Test
1 – Q, Quality Test for each shipment
G. Steel Bars
Test
For every 10,000 kg or fraction thereof for each size:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Bending, Tension and Chemical
Analysis)
H. Concrete
Test
Flexural Strength Test on concrete beam samples:
1 – Set consisting of 3 beam samples shall represent a
330 m2 of pavement, 230 mm depth or fraction thereof

placed each day. Volume of concrete not more than
75 m3
I. Completed Pavement
Test
Thickness determination by concrete core drilling on a
lot basis
Five (5) holes per km per lane or five (5) holes per
500 m when two (2) lanes are poured concurrently
PART F – BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
ITEM 403 – METAL STRUCTURES

This work shall consist of steel structures portions of composite
structures, constructed in reasonably close conformity with the lines,
grades and dimension.
Tests
1 – Q, Quality Test or Manufacturer’s Certificate for each type
of material used
1 – IR, Inspection Report for each type and shipment
of metal
ITEM 404 – REINFORCING STEEL

This item shall consist of furnishing, bending, fabricating and placing
of steel reinforcement of the type, size, shape and grade required.
A. Bar Reinforcement for Concrete
Test:
Analysis)
B. Wire and Wire Mesh

Test:
ITEM 405 – STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

This item shall consist of furnishing, bending, and placing and
finishing concrete in all structures except pavements.
A. Cement
Quantity: (40 kg/bag)

Class A 9 bags/m3 of concrete – 3,000 psi/20.7 MPa
Class B 8 bags/m3 of concrete – 2,400 psi/16.5 MPa
Class C 9.5 bags/m3 of concrete – 3,000 psi/20.7 MPa
Class P 11 bags/m3 of concrete – 5,000 psi/37.7 MPa
Class Seal 9.5 bags/m3 of concrete – 3,000 psi/20.7 MPa
Test:
1 –Q, Quality Test
B. Fine Aggregates
Quantity:
Rounded Angular/Crushed
Class A 0.50 0.54 m3/m3 of concrete

Class B 0.45 0.52 m3/m3 of concrete
Class C 0.53 0.59 m3/m3 of concrete
Class P 0.44 0.47 m3/m3 of concrete
Test:

quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Elutriation –
wash, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar
Strength, Soundness, Organic Impurities, Unit
Weight, % clay lumps and % shale)

test:

1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Elutriation –
wash, Bulk Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar
Strength)

C. Coarse Aggregates
Quantity:
Rounded Angular/Crushed
Class A 0.77 0.68 m3/m3 of concrete
Class B 0.82 0.73 m3/m3 of concrete
Class C 0.70 0.66 m3/m3 of concrete
Class P 0.68 0.65 m3/m3 of concrete
Test

quality test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity,

Absorption, Abrasion, Soundness and Unit Weight)

test:
1 – Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity,

Absorption and Abrasion)

D. Water
Tests:
E. Pre – Molded Filler for Expansion Joints
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for each
shipment
F. Steel Reinforcement
Test:
Analysis)
G. Concrete
Tests:
Compressive Strength Test on concrete cylinder
samples, one (1) set consisting three (3) concrete
cylinder samples shall be taken from each day’s
pouring and to represent not more than 75 m3
of concrete or fraction thereof
ITEM 411 – PAINT

This item shall consist of furnishing and applying all paint materials
including vehicles, pigments, pastes, dryers, thinners, and mixed
paints for steel and wooden structures.
Test:
1 – Q, One 20 – L can for every 100 cans or fraction thereof
1 – Q, One 4 – L can for every 100 cans or fraction thereof
PART G – DRAINAGE AND SLOPE PROTECTION STRUCTURES
ITEM 500 – PIPE CULVERTS AND STORMDRAINS

This item shall consist of the construction or reconstruction of pipe
culverts and storm drains.
A. Pipes
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for one (1) pipe for every 50 pieces
(Strength, Absorption and Dimension)
Alternative Requirements:
a. Compressive Strength for one (1) set consisting of
three (3) concrete cylinder samples for not more than
twenty – five (25) pipe cast in the field
b.Inspection Report for each size for not more than

twenty– five (25) pipes cast in the field
B. Mortar and Joint Filler
Cement, fine aggregates and water:
Test: Same as for Item 405
ITEM 502 – MANHOLES, INLETS AND CATCH BASINS

This item shall consist of the construction, reconstruction or
adjustment of manholes, inlets, and catch basins.
A. Concrete
Test: Same as for Item 405, Class A
B. Lids, Cast Iron Frames and Grating
Test: Inspection Report
ITEM 504 – CLEANING AND RECONDITIONING OF EXISTING

DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
This item shall consist of cleaning and reconditioning existing pipes
and appurtenant structures.
ITEM 505 – RIPRAP AND GROUTED RIPRAP

This item shall consist of the furnishing and placing riprap with or
without grout as the case maybe, with or without filter backing.

(Cement – Aggregate ratio = 1:3)
ITEM 506 – STONE MASONRY

This item shall consist of stone masonry of minor structures, in
headwalls for culverts, in retaining walls at the toes of slopes.
A. Cement
Quantity: 2 bags/ m3 of concrete
Test:
(Cement – Aggregate ratio = 1:2)
B. Fine Aggregate
Quantity: 0.17 m3/m3 of concrete
Test:

1 – Q, Quality Test (same as for Item 405)
C. Stone
D. Water
Test:
ITEM 511 – GABIONS

This item shall consist of furnishing, forming wire mesh baskets, and
placing rocks installed at the location designated.
Test:
1 – Q, Quality Test for each shipment
PART H – MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES
ITEM 600 – CURB AND GUTTER

This item shall construction of curb and gutter either pre-cast of cast -
in place made of concrete.
A. Concrete
Quantity: 0.078 m3/m (curb only)
0.092 m3/m (curb and gutter, Type A)
0.149 m3/m (curb and gutter, Type B)
0.074 m3/m (curb and gutter, Type C)
B. Joint filler

ITEM 601 – SIDEWALK

This item shall consist of construction of asphalt of Portland cement
concrete sidewalk.
A. Concrete
Test: Same as for Item 405, Class A
B. Pre – molded expansion joint filler

ITEM 605 – ROAD SIGN

This item shall consist of furnishing and installing road signs.
ANNEX B
AASHTO Standards in
Materials Testing
Annex B: AASHTO Standards in Materials Testing 143
APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS USED IN MATERIALS TESTING

(Source: DPWH)
144
Description Item of Test * Test or Frequency

Control
102 Excavation 1. Gradation T88-93 For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction

Table 6.5 Minimum Test Requirements
& 2. Atterberg T89-93, thereof

104 Limit (LL, PL, PI) T90-92 For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
3. Laboratory thereof
Compaction T99-93 For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
4. CBR Test thereof
5. Field Density T193-92 For every 500 sq.m. of each layer or
T193-92 fraction thereof
For every 500 sq.m. of each layer or
fraction thereof
105 Subgrade Same as Item Same frequency as in Item 104
Preparation 104 Proof Rolling Both lanes for full length
Spot Weakness Test
200 Aggregate 1. Gradation T27-93 For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof
Subbase 2. Atterberg T89-93, For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof
Course Limit (LL, PL, PI) T90-92
3. Laboratory For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
Compaction T180-93 thereof
4. Field Density
For every 500 sq.m. of each layer or
T191-93 fraction thereof
5.CBR Test For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction
T193-92 thereof
T-96 For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
thereof
201 Aggregate 1. Gradation T27-93 For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof
& Base 2. Atterberg T89-93, For every 300 cu.m. or fraction thereof
202 Course Limit (LL, PL, PI) T90-92
Crushed 3. Fractured
Aggregate Face BS 8-12 For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
thereof
Base 4. Laboratory T180-93
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
Course Compaction thereof
5. Field Density T191-93 For every 500 sq.m. for every layer of
150 mm of compacted depth at 3 in-
6. CBR Test T193-92 situ thereof
7. Spot Proof Rolling For every 2,500 cu.m. or fraction
Weakness Test thereof
8.Quality Test T-96 Both lanes for full length
Annex B: AASHTO Standards in Materials Testing
For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction

thereof
145
146
310 AC A. Bituminous M82 For every 40 metric tons

Surfacing Materials
Course B. Fine Quality Test For every 1,500 cu.m., for every 75
(WC, BC) Aggregates (set), cu.m. or fraction thereof
C. Coarse Grading For every 1,500 cu.m., for every 75

Aggregates Quality Test cu.m. or fraction thereof
(set),
D. Mineral Filler
E. Hot Mix Grading For every 100 metric tons
1. Extraction Quality Test
(Bitumen) (set)
Content &
Graduation) (LL, PL,PI, For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof
2. Stability Test Grading For every 130 metric tons or
3. Grading Test Test) 75 cu.m. of mix or fraction thereof
4. Laboratory
Compaction
F. Compacted For every 100 linear meter or one (1)
Pavement Density, but not more than three (3) samples
1. Core Bitumen shall be taken for each full days
Sampling & Lab. Content & operation
Tests Thickness
311 Portland A. Cement M85 For every 2,000 bags or fraction
Cement B. Fine Quality Test thereof
Concrete Aggregates (set) For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
Pavement 1. Grading Test T27-93 thereof
2.Quality Test M6 For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof
C. Coarse For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
Aggregates T27-93 thereof
1. Grading Test M80
2. Quality Test
D. Concrete For every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof
1. Slump Test For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction
2. Temperature thereof
3. Flexural
Strength (on 1 Per batch
set of 3 beam Per batch
samples) Core Per 330 sq.m. of pavement, 230 mm
E. Completed Sampling depth or fraction thereof placed each
Pavement day or 75 cu.m. of concrete
1. Thickness
Determination Five (5) holes per km per lane
404 Reinforcing Quality Test For every Per size of bars
Steel for Bending, 10 tons or
Tension and 10,000 kg
Chemical or fraction
Analysis thereof
Annex B: AASHTO Standards in Materials Testing
*Note: Principal tests only

147
AASHTO T 24
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR OBTAINING AND TESTING

DRILLED CORES AND SAWED BEAMS OF CONCRETE
This method covers obtaining, preparing, and testing (1) cores drilled
from concrete for length or compressive or splitting tensile strength
determinations; and (2) beams sawed from concrete for flexural
strength determinations.
AASHTO T 27
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE

AND COARSE AGGREGATES
This method covers the determination of the particle size distribution

of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving.
Some specifications for aggregates, which reference this method,

contain grading requirements including both coarse and fine
fractions. Instructions are included for sieve analysis of such
aggregates.
AASHTO T 88
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS

OF SOILS
This method describes a procedure for the quantitative determination

of the distribution of particle sizes in soils.
The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For the
purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an
observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the
nearest unit” in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing
the limiting value, in accordance with ASTM E29
AASHTO T 89
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR DETERMINING THE LIQUID

LIMIT OF SOILS
The liquid limit of a soil is that water content, as determined in

accordance with the following procedure, at which the soil passes
from a plastic to a liquid state.
purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an
the limiting value, in accordance with ASTM E29.
AASHTO T 90
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR DETERMINING THE PLASTIC

LIMIT AND PLASTICITY INDEX OF SOILS
The plastic limit of a soil is the lowest moisture content at which

the soil remains plastic. The plasticity index of a soil is the range in
moisture content, expressed as a percentage of the mass of the oven-
dried soil, within which the material is in a plastic state. The plasticity
index is calculated as the numerical difference between the liquid limit
and plastic limit of the soil.
purpose of determining conformance with these specifications, an
the limiting value, in accordance with ASTM E29.
Two procedures for rolling out soil samples are provided in this
method: the Hand Rolling Method and the Plastic Limit Device
Method. The Hand Rolling Method shall be used as the referee
procedure.
This test method is often conducted in conjunction with T 89, which is

used to determine the liquid limit of soils.
AASHTO T 96
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR RESISTANCE TO

DEGRADATION OF SMALL-SIZE COARSE AGGREGATE BY
ABRASION AND IMPACT IN THE LOS ANGELES MACHINE
(ABRASION TEST)
The Los Angeles (L.A.) abrasion test is a common test method

used to indicate aggregate toughness and abrasion characteristics.
Aggregate abrasion characteristics are important because the
constituent aggregate in HMA must resist crushing, degradation and
disintegration in order to produce a high quality HMA.
The standard L.A. abrasion test subjects a coarse aggregate sample

(retained on the No. 12 (1.70 mm) sieve) to abrasion, impact, and
grinding in a rotating steel drum containing a specified number of steel
spheres.
After being subjected to the rotating drum, the weight of aggregate
that is retained on a No. 12 (1.70 mm) sieve is subtracted from the
original weight to obtain a percentage of the total aggregate weight
that has broken down and passed through the No. 12 (1.70 mm)
sieve. Therefore, an L.A. abrasion loss value of 40 indicates that 40%
of the original sample passed through the No. 12 (1.70 mm) sieve
AASHTO T 180
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR MOISTURE-DENSITY

RELATIONS OF SOILS USING A 4.54-KG (10-LB) RAMMER AND A
457-MM (18-IN.) DROP
This method of test is intended for determining the relationship

between the moisture content and density of soils when compacted
in a given mold of a given size with a 4.54-kg (10-lb) rammer dropped
from a height of 457 mm (18 in.). Four alternate procedures are
provided as follows:
• Method A—A 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soil material

passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve Sections 4 and 5.
• Method B—A 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material
passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve Sections 6 and 7.
• Method C—A 101.60-mm (4-in.) mold: Soil material
passing a 19.0-mm (0.75-in.) sieve Sections 8 and 9.

• Method D—A 152.40-mm (6-in.) mold: Soil material
passing a 19.0-mm (0.75-in.) sieve Sections 10 and 11.
The method to be used should be indicated in the specifications for

the material being tested. If no method is specified, the provisions of
Method A shall govern.
This test method applies to soil mixtures that have 40 percent or less
retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, when Method A or B is used
and 30 percent or less retained on the 19.0-mm (0.75-in.) sieve, when
Method C or D is used. Material retained on these sieves shall be
defined as oversize particles (coarse particles).
AASHTO T 191
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR DENSITY OF SOIL IN-PLACE

BY THE SAND-CONE METHOD
This method is intended for determining the in-place density of

soils. The apparatus described herein is restricted to tests in soils
containing particles not larger than 50 mm (2 in.) in diameter.
AASHTO T 193
STANDARD METHOD OF TEST FOR THE CALIFORNIA BEARING

RATIO
This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing

Ratio (CBR) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base/course
materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test method
is primarily intended for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of
cohesive materials having maximum particle sizes less than 19 mm
(3/4 in.).
When materials having maximum particle sizes greater than 19 mm

(3/4 in.) are to be tested, this test method provides for modifying the
gradation of the material so that the material used for tests all passes
the 19.0-mm (3/4-in.) sieve while the total gravel 4.75-mm (No. 4)
to 75-mm (3-in.) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this
method of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error

inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR
test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly different
strength properties than the original material. However, a large
experience base has developed using this test method for materials
for which the gradation has been modified and satisfactory design
methods are in use based on the results of tests using this procedure.
Past practice has shown that CBR results for those materials having
substantial percentages of particles retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4)
sieve are more variable than for finer materials. Consequently, more
trials may be required for these materials to establish a reliable CBR.
This test method provides for the determination of the CBR of a

material at optimum water content or a range of water content from
a specified compaction test and a specified dry unit mass. The dry
unit mass is usually given as a percentage of maximum dry unit mass
from the compaction tests of T 99 or T 180.
The agency requesting the test shall specify the water content or
range of water content and the dry unit mass for which the CBR is
desired.
AASHTO M 6
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR FINE AGGREGATE FOR

HYDRAULIC CEMENT CONCRETE
This specification covers the quality and grading of fine aggregate

for hydraulic cement concrete used in pavements or bases, highway
bridges, and incidental structures.
This specification is for use by a contractor, concrete supplier, or

other purchaser as part of the purchase document describing the
material to be furnished.
This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory

materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in
certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed.
For example, where aesthetics are important, more restrictive limits
may be considered regarding impurities that would stain the concrete
surface. The specifier should ascertain that aggregates specified

are or can be made available in the area of the work, with regard to
grading, physical, or chemical properties, or combination thereof.
Definitions of terms used in this specification may be found in ASTM

C 125.
This specification is also for use in project specifications to define the

quality of aggregate, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate,
and other specific grading requirements. Those responsible for
selecting the proportions for the concrete mixture shall have the
responsibility of determining the proportions of fine and coarse
aggregate and the addition of blending aggregate sizes if required or
approved. Specifications for coarse aggregate are provided in M 80.
AASHTO M 80
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR COARSE AGGREGATE FOR

HYDRAULIC CEMENT
This specification covers coarse aggregate, other than lightweight

aggregate, for use in concrete. Several classes and gradings of
coarse aggregate are described. Specifications for fine aggregate are
provided in M 6.
This specification is regarded as adequate to ensure satisfactory

materials for most concrete. It is recognized that, for certain work or in
certain regions, it may be either more or less restrictive than needed.
Definitions of terms used in this specification may be found in ASTM

C125.
AASHTO M 82
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR CUTBACK ASPHALT (MEDIUM-

CURING TYPE)
This specification covers liquid petroleum products, produced by

fluxing an asphalt base with suitable petroleum distillates, to be used
in the treatment of road surfaces.
AASHTO M 85
STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR PORTLAND CEMENT
This specification covers ten types of portland cement as follows (see

Note 1):
Type I—For use when the special properties specified for any
other type are not required;
Type IA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as
Type I, where air entrainment is desired;
Type II—For general use, more especially when moderate

sulfate resistance is desired;
Type IIA—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as
Type II, where air entrainment is desired;
Type II(MH)—For general use, more especially when
moderate heat of hydration and moderate sulfate
resistance are desired.
Type II(MH)A—Air-entraining cement for the same uses as
Type II(MH), where air entrainment is desired.
Type III—For use when high early strength is desired;

Type IIIA—Air-entraining cement for the same use as Type III,
where air entrainment is desired;
Type IV—For use when low heat of hydration is desired; and

Type V—For use when high sulfate resistance is desired.
Note 1—Some cements are designated with a combined type

classification, such as Type I/II, indicating that the cement meets the
requirements of the indicated types and is being offered as suitable
for use when either type is desired.
Annex C: Quality Control/Quality Assurance Report 155
ANNEX C
Quality Control/
Quality Assurance Report
156
Contractor’s Letter Head
QUALITY CONTROL PLAN
NAME OF PROJECT: __________________________________

LIMITS: _____________________ LOCATION: _____________
APPROPRIATION/CONTRACT COST: ____________ SOURCE: ______________
A. TEST TO BE PERFORMED
Item
Description Unit Qty. Number of Tests (Minimum)
no.
100 Clearing and Grubbing Ha IR
Removal of Structures and
101 Ls/sq.m IR
Obstruction
104 Embankment cu.m. GPC/FDT
105 Subgrade Preparation sq.m. GPC/FDT
200 Aggregate Subbase Course cu.m. GPC;Q1/CBR/FDT/A
201 Aggregate Base Course cu.m. GPC;Q1/FDT/A/CBR
Crushed Aggregate Base
202 cu.m. GPC;Q1/FDT/A/CBR
Course
300 Aggregate Surface Course cu.m. GPC;Q1/FDT/A/CBR
311 Portland Cement Concrete sq.m.
Pavement 1 set consisting of 3 Beam
samples for a volume of concrete
not more than 75 cu.m. or
fraction thereof taken from each
day’s pouring
 Cement Bags PEC;MC-for every delivery QC-

for every 2000 bags
not more than 75 cu.m. or
fraction thereof taken from each
day’s pouring
 Cement Bags PEC;MC-for every delivery QC-

for every 2000 bags
 Fine Aggregates cu.m. Q4; G
 Coarse Aggregates cu.m, Q6; G
 Steel Bars cu.m. MC/Q7 for every 10000kg
405 Structural Concrete cu.m. 3 concrete cylinder sample for
every 75 cu.m of concrete
 Cement bags PEC; MC for every delivery QC –
for every 2000 bags
 Fine Aggregates cu.m. Q4; G
 Coarse Aggregates cu.m, Q6; G

 Reinforcing Steel Kgs Q7 for every 10000 kgs MC for
every delivery
Reinforced Concrete Pipe

500 1.m.
Culverts
 Pipes pcs PEC;MC
 Cement Bags QC; MC
 FA/CA cu.m. Q4;6
 Reinforcing Steel kg. Q7;MC
Annex C: Quality Control/Quality Assurance Report
157
Quality Assurance Assessment Tool Guide
I. Introduction
• The Quality Assurance Assessment Tool was jointly developed

by the DILG-CMGP and UNDP, adopted from the QA/QC
Assessment Tool of the DPWH Quality Assurance Unit.
• An automated rating system was included as additional feature
of the QA tool, to allow automatic computation and generation
of qualitative and quantitative ratings.
• The QA tool is continuously being enhanced to reflect relevant
issuances in the updated DPWH Bluebook, CMGP regional
contexts and practices, and experiences and lessons from the
Provincial Roads Assessments jointly being undertaken by the
DILG, UNDP (G-HUBS and PASUC engineers).
II. Purposes/Objectives of the QA Tool
• The QA Assessment Tool is a monitoring tool that assesses

PLGU performance or status in governance reform particularly
on local road management. It shows the extent to which PLGUs
are: (i) complying with proper road projects management
practices, and (ii) adhering to the expected quality of work and
timelines.
• Assessment results arising from the use of the QA tool shall
serve as basis for DILG-CMGP and UNDP-R2SDGs in
determining projects-at-risk and programming TA programs for
PLGUs to address areas for improvement and bring the project
on track.
III. Users of the QA Tool
• The QA Assessment Tool is intended to guide the UNDP and

DILG Engineers in monitoring the implementation of provincial
roads, and crafting TA programs based on the assessment
results. It is hoped that PLGUs adopt and mainstream this
tool in their local processes in assessing the performance of
contractors of all PLGU-implemented roads, whether locally-
or externally-funded.
IV. Respondents of the QA Assessment
The respondents of the assessment are:

• PLGU Materials Engineer
• Field Engineers
• Project Engineer
• Designer
• Contractors
V. Duration
Depending on the scope of the project, assessment may take

about ½ - 2 days, including field visit.
VI. Quality Assurance Assessment Report
The QA tool involves the assessment of three areas, namely:

(1) Quality, (2) Timeliness, and (3) Risk Level.
Quality refers to the degree of excellence of projects, measured

in terms of (i) Project Management and the (ii) Quality of Works.
The components of Project Management are:

• Documentation
• Construction Safety & Health measures
• Billboard
• Project personnel
• Corrective actions (previous findings)
• Testing requirements
• Adherence to Quality control policies
Quality of Works refer to the workmanship of the Item/Scope of

Works based on the updated POW.
Timeliness refers to the degree by which projects are

implemented in accordance with the construction schedule.
Timeliness is express in terms of Slippage. Slippage refers to
the extent of failure to meet the schedule. It is the difference
between the actual accomplishment and the planned/target

accomplishment.
Risk level shows the extent to which potential harm or threat

may be involved in project implementation. Risk may be in the
form of the quality of works or in the failure to complete the
project on time.
VII. QA Tool Administration and Interpretation of Results
Project Management (30%)

Assessment looks into the responsiveness of the documents,
whether or not the documents are updated and signed by all
concerned officials/signatories, and availability of copy on-
site/field office and with the PEO. Possible answers which
can be selected from the drop-down menu include: (i) none/
not available, (ii) partially available, (iii) signed and available.
Same procedure shall be followed for all the documents.
Construction Safety and Health Measures include barricades,

personal protective equipment and first aid kit. Possible answers
include “installed”, “sufficient” or “none/not applicable”.
Note: Some documents may not be available at certain times of

assessment. For example, as-built plan and Final Inspection Report
are only available once the project is completed. In such cases, these
should be rated “not applicable”.
Quality of Work (70%)
Item of Works can be directly inputted in the tool or selected from the
drop-down menu. A database of all item of works of road projects
and all possible defects indicated in the DPWH 2013 Bluebook are
included in the tool.
Guided by the description of defects provided in the database, the

corresponding code is entered per item of work, and the location of
defects. In stationing, the station is indicated if single lane; right of left
is indicated in addition to the station for dual lanes. Wheelmeter may
be used during assessment to approximate the location of defects;
some use odometer if using vehicles.
Based on assessment, the degree of defects is manually inputted;

corresponding rating and recommendation will automatically be
generated.
The rating scale for Quality of Work is presented below:

TO DATE Assessment Rating
This refers to the project’s rating in terms of project management

and workmanship (60%) and timeliness (40%) at a certain period of
physical accomplishment/progress until the completion of the project. It
is automatically generated after filling out the three components of the
tool.
Risk
The overall rating has a corresponding Risk level (either low, moderate
or high) which alerts the oversight and implementing agencies,
contractors and other stakeholders of corrective actions that need to be
undertaken and the causes of such delay and defects.
Note: A 15% slippage results to termination of contract while contractor

is given warning in case of 10% slippage.
Summary Recommendations
This include recommendations to management based on observations/

findings in the field. It also includes observations on structures that are
not included in the original design or POW but are critical to the project’s
sustainability or functionality like drainage or side ditch.
VIII. Reminders on the Use of QA Monitoring Tool
Before the Assessment:
• All visits should be properly coordinated with the PLGUs through

the DILG Provincial Offices. PLGUs should be properly informed

at least 2 weeks before the actual conduct of assessment.
Include in the notice to PLGUs the list of documents to be
prepared by the PLGUs.
• Familiarize yourselves with the QA tool before undertaking
actual assessment. Mock tests may be done.
During the Assessment:
• Conduct Pre-visit/Pre-Assessment Meeting to level off with the

PLGU on the objective/purpose of the assessment, and the
assessment tool to be used. Emphasize that the activity is not
intended to “audit” the PLGU but to identify the areas where they
are exhibiting good performance and areas for improvement/
reform, which the Program hopes to see improvement on in
succeeding assessments.
• Use field notes, not the QA tool. Database of defects may be
used as reference during the field visit.
• Copy of documents should be available on-site and with the
PEO. Only duly approved/signed documents shall be honored
and given the full rating.
• Note that some of the documents may not be applicable at
certain times of construction phase. For example, the If this is
the case, indicate N/A so as not to affect the overall rating.
• It is of utmost importance to properly describe and determine
the degree of observed defects as recommendations are
automatically given based on the indicated findings.
• Odometers (if using vehicle) or wheelmeter may be used to
approximate the locations of the defects.
After the Assessment:
• Conduct Exit Conference to feedback the observations/findings

during the field visit, and agree on the follow-through activities/
rectification works. Agreements should be indicated in the Aide
Memoire and duly signed by all those who were part of the field
visit.
• In cases where observations/findings are not in the provided
database of defects but critical to sustainability or functionality of
project, indicate these in the Overall Recommendation portion
of the QA tool OR as “other recommendation”.
• Submit the accomplished QA Assessment Report to the DILG

Provincial Office and CMGP PMO, for reference and appropriate
action.
• DILG PO prepares a letter to the Provincial Governor indicating
findings and recommended actions.
• DILG-CMGP and UNDP Engineers craft TA programs, as
needed, to assist the PLGUs in addressing the findings/
observations during the assessment.
• DILG-CMGP monitors PLGU compliance to recommendations.
ANNEX D
Field Worksheet
208
CONTRACTOR’S LETTERHEAD
WORKSHEET FOR SIEVE ANALYSIS
Project : _____________________________________________________________
(Name) (Location)
Kind of Material : ___________________________ Spec’s Item No. ___________________
Sampled at :
__________________________________________________________________________
Give as accurate location as possible)
Original Source: ____________________________________________________________
(Pit, quarry, river, etc., and location)
Sampled by :
__________________________________________________________________________
(Name and Designation) (Office) (Date)
Tested by :
_________________________________________________________________________
Computed by :
__________________________________________________________________________
Laboratory No. : ________________________

Weight of sample
Computed by :
__________________________________________________________________________
Laboratory No. : ________________________

Weight of sample
Original : _______________
Moisture Content, % ___________ Oven dry : _______________
Fineness Modulus ___________ Wash Oven dry : __________
Sieve Weight
Cumulative Governing
Size Retained Percentage
Spec’s. % Remarks
m grams Retained % Weight Percent Percent
In Passing
m Passing Passing Retained
Remarks:
____________________________________________________________________
Prepared by: Certified Correct:
__________________ __________________
Table of Contents
Materials Engineer Materials Engineer

Contractor LGU
209
210
WORK SHEET FOR LIQUID AND PLASTIC LIMIT TESTS

Project : _______________________________________________________________
(Number) (Name) (City/Province)
Kind of Materials: ____________________________ Spec’s Item No. ___________________
Sampled at :
___________________________________________________________________________
(Give as accurate location as possible)
Original Source : _____________________________________________________________
Sampled by :
___________________________________________________________________________
Tested by :
____________________________________________________________________________
Computed by :
____________________________________________________________________________
Computed by :
___________________________________________________________________________
Laboratory No. : _________
LIQUID LIMIT PLASTIC LIMIT

Determination Number
1 2 3 4 1 2
Container Number
Container & Wet Soil, g
Container & Dry Soil, g
Moisture Loss, g
Container, g
Dry Soil, g
Moisture Content, %
Number of Blows
Table of Contents
211
212
FLOW CHART
40
30
20
MOISTURE CONTENT, %
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
NO. OF BLOWS
Sieve Analysis
% Passing
mm in Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit
Plasticity Index
Group Index
Sieve Analysis
% Passing
mm in Liquid Limit
Plastic Limit
Plasticity Index
Group Index
Group Classification
Remarks / Recommendations:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________
Prepared by: Certified Correct

Contractor LGU
Table of Contents
213
214
WORKSHEET FOR TEST OF MOISTURE DENSITY RELATIONS OF SOIL
Project :
_______________________________________________________________
(Number) (Name) (City/Province)
Kind of Materials: ____________________________ Spec’s Item No. ___________________

Sampled at :
___________________________________________________________________________
(Give as accurate location as possible)
Original Source : _____________________________________________________________
Sampled by :
___________________________________________________________________________
Tested by :
___________________________________________________________________________
Computed by :
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________
TRIAL NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5
Water added, (ml)
Mold + Wet Soil
Mass in
Mold
kilograms
Wet Soil
WET DENSITY, kg/m3
Container Number A B C D E
Container + Wet Soil
Container + Dry Soil
Mass in
Water
grams
Container
Dry Soil
MOISTURE CONTENT, %
DRY DENSITY, kg/m3
Table of Contents
215
216
COMPACTION CURVE
2185
2175
2165
2155
2145
DRY DENSITY (kg/cum)

2135
2125
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% MOISTURE CONTENT
Weight of Mold
Number of Layer
Volume of Mold
Weight of Mold
Number of Layer
Volume of Mold
Wt. of Hammer, kgs
No. of Blows
Maximum Dry Density (MDD) kg/cu.m
Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) %
Remarks / Recommendations:
______________________________________________________________
_______
Prepared by: Certified Correct

Contractor LGU
Table of Contents
217
218
WORKSHEET FOR FIELD DENSITY TEST
Project :
______________________________________________________________________
(Number) (Name) (City / Province)

Kind of Materials: ________________ Location: A _______________
Spec’s Item No. : ________________ B _______________
Test Hole Depth : ________________ C _______________
Representing :
______________________________________________________________________
(Layer No.) (Depth) (Station to Station) (Width)
Tested by :
______________________________________________________________________
Computed by :
______________________________________________________________________
UNIT WEIGHT OF AIR-DRY MASS OF SAND TO FILL FUNNEL

SAND
1. Container full of water, kg 8. Mass of Jar + Sand,
kg.
2. Container, kg 9. Mass of Jar + Sand,
3. Water, kg Kg.
(after pouring)
UNIT WEIGHT OF AIR-DRY MASS OF SAND TO FILL FUNNEL
SAND
1. Container full of water, kg 8. Mass of Jar + Sand,
kg.
2. Container, kg 9. Mass of Jar + Sand,
3. Water, kg Kg.
(after pouring)
4. Volume of container, cum. 10. Sand in Funnel, kg.
5. Container filled with Air Dry
Sand, kg.
6. Air-Dry Sand, kg.
7. Unit Weight of Air-Dry Sand,
kg/cum.
Laboratory Number:
ACTUAL MOISTURE A B A B A B
CONTENT
11. Container + Wet Soil, g.
12. Container + Dry Soil, g.
13. Moisture, g.
14. Container, g.
15. Dry Soil, g.
16. Actual Moisture Content, %
17. Average Actual Moisture
content, %
Table of Contents
219
220
ACTUAL MOISTURE CONTENT

11. Total materials taken from
hole, kg.
12. Mass of Jar + Sand, kg.

13. Mass of Jar + Sand, kg. (after
pouring)
14. Sand to fill hole, kg.
15. Volume of hole, cum.
16. Wet unit weight, kg./cum.
17. Dry unit weight, kg./cum.
18. Laboratory Compaction
Data:
a. Maximum Dry Density,
kg./cum
b. Optimum Moisture Content
%
19. Degree of Compaction, %
20. Required Degree of
Compaction,%
REMARKS/RECOMMENDATION:
Prepared by: Certified Correct: Attested by:

Compaction,%
REMARKS/RECOMMENDATION:
Prepared by: Certified Correct: Attested by:
__________________ __________________
___________________
Materials Engineer Materials Engineer Project Engineer
Contractor LGU LGU
Table of Contents
221
222
CONTRACTOR’S LETTER HEAD
DESIGN OF CONCRETE MIX

(Per Bags of Cement)
Date ‘
Project:
______________________________________________________________________
DATA FROM PRELIMINARY TEST:
FINE AGGREGATES COARSE AGGREGATES
Laboratory No. Laboratory No.

Type Type
Fineness Modulus 9FA-G- Maximum Size, mm (CA-G-
023) 035)
Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD) Abrasion Loss (LAM), %
Moisture Content, % Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD)
Absorption, % Moisture Content, %
Dry Unit Weight (loose) Absorption, %
kg/cum.
Specific Gravity of Cement Dry Unit Weight (loose),
kg/cum
Admixture Brand Water Source
DESIGN
kg/cum
Admixture Brand Water Source
DESIGN
SPECIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS
Class of Concrete Type of Concrete
Cement Factor, Min. Flexural Strength @ 14
bags/cum. days 550 psi
Slump, mm Min. Compressive Strength
@28 days
ABSOLUTE
VOLUMES:
Absolute volume of concrete, cum.
Absolute volume of cement, cum.
Absolute volume of water, cum.
Absolute volume of water & cement, cum.
Absolute volume of total aggregates, cum.
Absolute volume of fine aggregates, cum.
Absolute volume of coarse aggregates, cum.
Table of Contents
223
224
BATCH WEIGHTS
Uncorrecte Water Corrected Volumentri

d, kg. Corrected Weight, kg. c Prop.
Cement
Fine Aggregates
Coarse Aggregates
Water
Admixture (liters)
Prepared by: Certified Correct by:
______________________ _______________________
Contractor LGU
226
CONTRACTOR’S LETTER HEAD
REPORT ON CONCRETING WORKS
Project :
Date & Time of Weather:

Pouring:
Part of Structure:
Class of Concrete: Spec’s Item No.:
Method of Mixing: Capacity of Mixer (cu.
m.)
Cement Brand: Sampled for test: ( ) Yes ( ) No
Condition of Storage: Protected: ( ) Yes ( ) No
Actual Batch:
Cement, No. of bags Water, liter
Fine Aggregates, Kg. Coarse aggregates, kg.
Cement Used, No. of Volume of Conc. Placed,
bags cum
Yield, cum/bag
Fine Aggregates, Kg. Coarse aggregates, kg.
Cement Used, No. of Volume of Conc. Placed,
bags cum
Yield, cum/bag
Actual Spec’s.
Cement Factor,
bag/cum
Water, liter/bag
Slump, mm
Adjustment made in field on design mix to satisfy:
(a) Workability (b) Water Content (c) Cement content (per

yield test)
Corr. Fine/Coarse Agg. By Corr. Cement Factor, Corr. Weight of Aggregates
Absolute Volume bags/cum
Absolute Volume New Cement Factor:
______
Fine: __________ % Fine: __________ %
Coarse: __________ % Coarse: __________ %
Table of Contents
227
228
Kind of Sample: ____________________ Sample Identification:

__________________
Quantity Represented, cum. __________ Method of curing in the field:
___________
Sampled By:
Materials Engineer (Office) (Date)

Contractor
Checked by:
Materials Engineer (Office) (Date)

LGU
Attested by:
Project Engineer (Office) (Date)

Annex D-1
Annex E: Laboratory Worksheets 231
ANNEX E
Laboratory Worksheets
232
Rehabilitation of ______________________ Road

Province/City/Municipality of ______________
WORKSHEET FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
Specs Item No. : Test Method :

Kind of : Date Sampled :

Materials
Source : Tested by :
Sampled at : Date Issued :
Laboratory No :
TRIAL AVERAGE
COURSE AGGREGATES
1 2
1 Weight of Wire Basket in Air
2 Weight of Sample + Wire Basket in Air
3 Weight of Sample in Air (SSD) (2 - 1)
4 Weight of Wire in Water
5 Weight of Wire Basket + Sample in Water
6 Weight of Sample in Water (5 - 4)
7 Weight of Oven Dry Sample in Air
8 Bulk Specific Gravity (Oven Dry) (7/3-6)
9 Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD) (3/3-6)
10 Apparent Specific Gravity (7/7-6)
11 Absorption; % [(3-7)/7 x 100
TRIAL
FINE AGGREGATES AVERAGE
1 2
8 Bulk Specific Gravity (Oven Dry) (7/3-6)
9 Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD) (3/3-6)
10 Apparent Specific Gravity (7/7-6)
11 Absorption; % [(3-7)/7 x 100
TRIAL
FINE AGGREGATES AVERAGE
1 2
a. Weight of Sample in Air (SSD)
b. Weight of Flask + Water to Calibration Mark
c. Weight of Sample+Flask+Water to
Calibration Mark
d. Weight of Oven Dry Sample in Air
e. Bulk Specific Gravity (Oven Dry) (d/b) +
(500-c)
f. Bulk Specific Gravity (SSD) (500/b) + (500-c)
g. Apparent Specific Gravity (d/b) + (d-c)
h. Absorption; % (500-d) x 100
Tested by: Checked by:
________________ ____________________
Lab. Technician (LGU) Head, Materials Testing Unit
Witnessed by: Attested by:
________________ ____________________
Materials Engineer Chief, QAS
(LGU or Contractor)
Annex E: Laboratory Worksheets
233
234

WORKSHEET FOR UNIT WEIGHT DETERMINATION

Specs Item No. : Test Method :

Materials
Source : Tested by :
Sampled at : Date Issued :
Laboratory No :
SIZE OF AGGREGATES:
I. CALIBRATION OF CONTAINER
A. Weight of Container (empty) gm
B. Weight of Container with Water gm.
C. Weight of Water (b-a) gm
D. Corrected Unit Weight of Water at,
Celsius, gm/cc
II. CALIBRATION OF CONTAINER TRIALS

Average
D. Corrected Unit Weight of Water at,
Celsius, gm/cc
II. CALIBRATION OF CONTAINER TRIALS

Average
1 2
A. Weight of Container + Sample, gm
B. Weight of Container
C. Weight of Samples
D. Loose/rodded Unit Weight
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
235
236

SOUNDNESS TEST BY USE OF SODIUM SULPHATE

Specs Item No. : Tested by :

Kind of Materials : Date Sampled :
Source : Date Tested :
Sampled at : Laboratory No :
COARSE AGGREGATES:
Grain Size Analysis Soundness Test
WEIGH
RETAIN
PASSIN WEIGH WEIGH T WEIGHT LOSS CORRECT
ED LOSS %
G SIEVE T gm. T% TESTE AFTER gm. ED LOSS
SIEVE
D
TOTAL
FINE AGGREGATES:
TOTAL
FINE AGGREGATES:
WEIGH
RETAIN
PASSIN WEIGH WEIGH T WEIGHT LOSS CORRECT
ED LOSS %
G SIEVE T gm. T% TESTE AFTER gm. ED LOSS
SIEVE
D
TOTAL
Remarks:
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_________________ _____________________
_________________ _____________________

(LGU or Contractor)
237
238

SAND EQUIVALENT TEST

Materials
Source (Quarry) : Date Tested :
Sampled at : Test Method :
Sampled by : Laboratory No :
NO. OF TRIALS 1 2 3 AVERAGE
Clay Reading
Sand Reading
S.E. = Sand Reading
Clay Reading
Remarks:
_______________________________________________________________
S.E. = Sand Reading
Clay Reading
Remarks:
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_________________ _____________________
_________________ _____________________
(LGU or Contractor)
239
240

VOIDS IN MINERAL AGGREGATE

(AGGREGATE BASE)

Source (Quarry) : Date Tested :
Sampled at : Laboratory No. :
Sampled by :
Volume of Mold cm³

1 Weight of Mold + Weight of Wet Soil gm
2 Weight of Mold gm
3 Weight of Wet Soil (1) – (2) gm
4 Weight of Dry Soil (3) x 100/9/10/100 gm
5 Volume of Wet Soil cm³
6 Volume of Dry Soil (4) / (11) cm³
7 Dry Density (4) / (5) g/cm³
8 Volume of Voids (5)/(5) cm³
9 Void Ratio (12)/100 – (12) x 100 %
10 Moisture Content %
11 Specific Gravity of Mineral Aggregate
7 Dry Density (4) / (5) g/cm³
8 Volume of Voids (5)/(5) cm³
9 Void Ratio (12)/100 – (12) x 100 %
10 Moisture Content %
11 Specific Gravity of Mineral Aggregate
12 Porosity (3)/(5) x 100 %
13 Wet Density (3)/(5) g/cm³
14 Degree of Saturation [(3) – (4)] x 100 %
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
241
242

LOS ANGELES ABRASION TEST

COARSE AGGREGATES
ASTM DESIGNATION C 131 & 535


Source : Date Tested :
Sampled at : Test Method :
Laboratory No. :
Weight of wet samples in Weight of dry sample after
: :
grams washing
Weight of dry samples in
: Sieve No. 200 (gm) :
grams
Moisture content : Wash loss (gm) :
GRADING SAMPLES
SIEVE SIZE SQUARE OPENINGS
PASSIN RETAINE
A B C D E F G
G D
Number of Spheres
Weight in Charge in
grams
Total Revolutions
LABORATORY ABRASION MACHINE
Number of Spheres
Weight in Charge in
grams
Total Revolutions
LABORATORY ABRASION MACHINE
ENGINE RPM GEAR GRADING DURATION OF REVOLUTION
B. WEIGHT OF OVEN DRY

C. DRY WEIGHT RETAINED ON
A. Grading SAMPLE
Before Test Sieve No. 12 (After Washing)
Passing Retained Weight
NO. OF SPHERES
USED D. DRY WEIGHT PASSING
SIEVE NO. 12
TOTAL WEIGHT E. PERCENTAGE OF WEAR (D/B
OF SPHERES x 100)
TOTAL DRY
WEIGHT
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
243
244
WORKSHEET ON REINFORCING STEEL BAR

COARSE AGGREGATES
ASTM DESIGNATION C 131 & 535
Project :
Sample Identification :
Quality :
Original Source :
Specification Item No. : AASTHO M31
Supplied by :
LABORATORY DATA
1 Type ( )Plain ( )Deformed 8 Elongation, mm
( )Round ( )Square (a) Final :
2 Nominal Size, mm : (b) Gage Length :
3 Nominal Area, mm²
(Table) : (c) Difference :
4 Nominal mass , kg/m
(Table) : 9 Deformation
(a) Avg. spacing
5 Length of specimen, mm : mm :
6 Actual Mass of
Specimen, kg : (b) Avg. height, mm :
7 Tensile load at (c) G a p :
10 Phosphorous
(a) Yield point, (N) : Content.%
(Report content
from chemical
Specimen, kg : (b) Avg. height, mm :
7 Tensile load at (c) G a p :
10 Phosphorous
(a) Yield point, (N) : Content.%
(Report content
from chemical
(b) Maximum, (N) : unit) :
11 Bending
Degrees of Bend :
Bend :
COMPUTATION
(6)-(4)
12 Variation in Mass, % X 100 =
(4)
( 7a )
13 Yield Point, N/mm ² =
(3)
( 7b )
14 Tensile Strength,N/mm² =
(3)
( 8c )
15 Elongation X 100 =
( 8b )
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
245
246
WORKSHEET ON TESTING OF ASPHALT CEMENT
Project :
Lab No. : I.D. No. : Date :
Tested
V. Specific Gravity :
a. Mass of pyconometer, empty, g
b. Mass of pyconometer, filled with water, g
c. Mass of pyconometer, half-filled w/ sample, g
d. Mass of pyconometer + sample + water, g

c-a
Specific Gravity =
b-a - d-c
VI. Loss on Heating :

a. Mass of container empty, g
b. Mass of container + sample, g
c. Mass of container + sample after heating, g
b-c
% Loss = x 100
b-a
VII. Solubility and Ash Content :

a. Mass sample, g
b. Mass of crucible + filter paper, g
c. Mass of crucible + residue, g
b-c
% Solubility 100 x x 100
a
VIII. Spot Tests:

b-c
% Solubility 100 x x 100
a
VIII. Spot Tests:
IX. Penetration : 1 2 3
Penetration (Original) 25oC, 100g, 5a
Penetration (After Loss) 23oC, 100g, 5a
Penetration, % of Original
X. Ductility (Original) 25oC, 5 cm/min, cm

Ductility (After Loss) 25oC, 5 cm/min, cm
XI. Flash Point, oC :
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________

(LGU or Contractor)
247
248
WORKSHEET ON TESTING OF EMULSIFIED ASPHALT
Project :
Lab No. : Date :
Tested
I. Specific Gravity :
a. Mass of pyconometer, empty, g
b. Mass of pyconometer, filled with water, g
c. Mass of pyconometer + sample, g

c-a
Specific Gravity =
b-a
II. Storage Stability:
a. Mass of beaker, empty, g
b. Mass of beaker + sample, g
c. Mass of beaker + residue, g
c-a
% Residue = x 100
b-a
III. Sieve Test :
a. Mass sample, g
b. Mass of sieve + pan, g
c. Mass of beaker + residue, g
c-b
% Residue = x 100
a
IV. Viscosity (Saybolt-furol), Sec.:
V. Distillation :
a. Mass Iron, Still,g
b. Mass of sample, g
c. Mass of Iron Still + sample after heating, g
c-a
% Residue = x 100
b
V. Distillation :
a. Mass Iron, Still,g
b. Mass of sample, g
c. Mass of Iron Still + sample after heating, g
c-a
% Residue = x 100
b
VI. Cement Mixing
a. Mass of sieve + pan, g
b. Mass of sieve + pan + residue, g
Cement mixing = ( b-a )
VII. Test on Residue :
1. Penetration at 25oC, 100g, 5g
2. Ductility at 25oC, 5cm/min,cm
3. Solubility in Trichloroethylene
a. Mass of sample, g
b. Mass of crucible + filter paper, g
c. Mass of crucible + residue, g
c-b
% Solubility = 100 x x 100
a
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
249
250
WORKSHEET ON TEST OF CUTBACK ASPHALT

Project: ________________________________________________________________
Lab No. ________________ Date Tested ________________________
I. Viscosity (Kinematic) _________________oC, cSt ------------ __________

II. Flash Point (TOC), OC ------------ ------------ __________
III. Specific Gravity:

a. Mass of pyconometer, g ---------------- ___________________
b. Mass of pyconometer + water, g ---------------- ___________________
c. Mass of pyconometer + sample, g ---------------- ___________________
Specific Gravity = c-a ---------------- _________________

b-a
IV. Distillation
Volume of sample, ml = mass of sample ----------- _______________
Sp. Gravity
Temperature Volume of Distillate % by volume

190oC (374oF) _________ ________
225oC (437oF) _________ ________
260oC (500oF) _________ ________
315oC (600oF) _________ ________
360oC (680oF) _________ ________
Residue, % by volume -------------------- ______________

260 C (500 F) _________ ________
315oC (600oF) _________ ________
360oC (680oF) _________ ________
Residue, % by volume -------------------- ______________
VI. Cement Mixing

a. Mass of sieve + pan, g ---------------- _____________
b. Mass of sieve + pan + residue, g ---------------- _____________
Cement mixing = (b – a) ---------------- ____________
VII. Test on Residue

1. Penetration at 25oC, 100g, 5g _______ _______ _______ _______
2. Ductility at 25oC, 5cm/min,cm _______ _______ _______ _______
3. Solubility in Trichloroethylene:
a. Mass of sample, g ---------- ___________
b. Mass of crucible, empty, g ---------- ___________
c. Mass of crucible + Residue, g ---------- ___________
Solubility, % = 100 – [ c – b x 100 ] --------------___________________
A
4. Spot Test ------------------ -------------------------- ___________________

_______________ ____________________

________________ ____________________
Materials Engineer (LGU or Contractor) Chief, QAS
251
252
WORKSHEET ON IMMERSION-COMPRESSION TEST

OF BITUMINOUS MIX
Project: _______________________________________________________________
Lab No. __________________
A. BITUMEN CONTENT B. GRADING

Sieve Mass Mass %

1. Orig. mass of sample ------- ______ Size Retained Passing Passing
2. Mass of sample after extraction --- ______
3. Bitumen Extracted, g (1) – (2) --- ______
4. Bitumen Content, % by mass of
Agg. 3 x 100 ------- ______
2
A. BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY
1. Mass in air, g ________ ________ ________

2. Mass in SSD, g ________ ________ ________
3. Mass in water, g ________ ________ ________
4. Specific Gravity __1__ ________ ________ ________
(2-3)
B. STABILITY
(2-3)
B. STABILITY
Cross-sectional area, sq.m 0.008107 -- ________ ________ ________

Dry; Load, tons ----------------------------- ________ ________ ________
KN/m2: 9.807/0.008107 ------------- ________ ________ ________
KPs Load (tonnes) x kN/m2 --------- ________ ________ ________
Wet, Load, ton ----------------------------- ________ ________ ________
KN/m2: 9.807/0.008107 ------------- ________ ________ ________
KPs Load (tonnes) x kN/m2 --------- ________ ________ ________
Index of retained strength, % ----------- ________ ________ ________

________________ ____________________

________________ ____________________
253
254
PROJECT :
SOURCE/SUPPLIER :
TESTED BY :
DATE
LAB. NO. : TESTED :
THICKNESS BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY
LAB. I.D STATI CM. WT. WT. IN

NO. . ON WT. BULK SP.
1 2 3 4 AVE IN WATE
SSD GRAVITY
. AIR R
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
255
256
WORKSHEET OF PHYSICAL TEST ON CEMENT
1. NORMAL CONSISTENCY (Vicat Apparatus):
a. Mass of Sample , g.
b. Volume of Water used, ml.

c. Normal Consistency
1. TIME
SETTING:
a. Time made
b. Initial Set
c. Final Set
3. AUTOCLAVE
EXPANSION:
a. Original length
b. Final length
c. Autoclave Expansion
4. MORTAR
STRENGTH:
4. MORTAR
STRENGTH:
Age in Days Load Surface Area Corrected Strength
a.
b.
c.
________________ ____________________
________________ ____________________
257
258
WORKSHEET ON TESTING OF GALVANIZED SHEET/GUARDRAIL
RIGHT CENTER LEFT
A. ORIGINAL WEIGHT OF SPECIMEN, G.
B. WEIGHT OF STRIPPED SPECIMEN, G

C. THICKNESS OF STRIPPED SHEET/SPECIMEN, MM
AVE. =
D. WEIGHT OF ZINC COATING , G/M2
E. TRIPLE SPOT (AVERAGE OF D), G/M2
F. SINGLE SPOT (SPECIMEN W/ LIGHTEST

COATING), G/M2
G. UNIT WEIGHT OF SHEET, KG/M2
305
G. UNIT WEIGHT OF SHEET, KG/M2
305
(7.85 x t ave. + -----------------)
1000
Tave = ave. thickness of test specimens
Computation:
a - b
2
Weight of zinc coating, g/m = ----------------- x c x k
b
\
where:
k = 7850 = constant
________________ ____________________
________________ ____________________
259
260
WORKSHEET ON ZINC COATING
Body Selvage Body Selvage

a. Orig. wt. of specimen , g.
b. Wt. of stripped specimen, g.

c. Dia. of orig. specimen , mm.
Ave.
d. Dia. of stripped specimen ,

mm
Ave.
e. Wt. of zinc coating , g./m2

a-b
Ave.
e. Wt. of zinc coating , g./m2

a-b
e = (d) (k)
b
Where : k = 1960
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
261
262
WORKSHEET FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ON CONCRETE CYLINDER SAMPLE
PROJECT :
SPEC’S. ITEM NO. :
LABORATORY NO. :
LABORATORY
DATA :
DIAMETER,MM : 152.00 mm
LENGTH, MM : 305.00 mm
MAXIMUM LOAD, KN :
CROSS SECTIONAL AREA,
MM²,
A = πD2/4= π(152)²/4 : 18,145.88 mm²
COMPUTATION :
A. COMPRESSIVE MAXIMUM LOAD
=
STRENGTH CROSS SECTIONAL AREA
( ) ( 1,000 )N
= Mpa
18,145.88 mm²
B. COMPRESSIVE MAXIMUM LOAD

=
( ) ( 1,000 )N
= Mpa
18,145.88 mm²
B. COMPRESSIVE MAXIMUM LOAD

=
( ) ( 1,000 )N
= Mpa
18,145.88 mm²
C. COMPRESSIVE MAXIMUM LOAD

=
( ) ( 1,000 )N
= Mpa
18,145.88 mm²
___________________ ________________________
___________________ ________________________
(LGU or Contractor)
263
Annex F: Test Reports, Certificates, Inspection Reports 265
ANNEX F
Test Reports, Certificates,

Inspection Reports
266
TEST REPORT ON CONCRETE AGGREGATES
Date :
Lab. No. :
O.R. No. :
Project :
( Name of Project ) ( City/Province )
Kind of Materials : Coarse Aggregates
Sample ID :
Quantity Rep. :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. :
Sampled By :
Name & Designation) (Office) (Date
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)
TEST REQUIREMENTS RESULTS

Sieve Analysis, sizes % passing
Submitted By :
Received)

50.00 100
37.50 95-100
19.00 35-70
9.50 10-30
4.75 0-5
Abrasion Loss, % 40.00 max.
Specific Gravity -
Absorption , % -
Dry Unit Weight, kg./cum.
Loose -
Rodded -
Remarks :
Tested by : Checked by :
Witnessed by : Attested by :
Annex F: Test Reports, Certificates, Inspection Reports
267
268
TEST REPORT ON CONCRETE AGGREGATES
Date :
Lab. No. :
O.R. No. :
Project :
Kind of Materials : Fine Aggregates
Sample ID :
Quantity Rep. :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. : 311
Sampled By :
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)

Received)

9.50 100
4.75 95-100
1.18 45-80
0.30 5-30
0.15 0-10
Fineness Modulus -
Specific Gravity -
Absorption , % -
Mortar Strength, % 90.00 min.
Dry Unit Weight, kg/cum
Loose -
Rodded -
Wash Loss (passing No. % 4.00 max.
200)
Mortar Strength % 90.00 min.
Remarks :
269
270
Lab. Report No. :

Date :
TEST REPORT ON SOIL AGGREGATES

:
Project
Kind of Materials : Aggregates Subbase Materials
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Sampled By :
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab. No __________
REQUIREMENT
TEST RESULTS
S
Sieve Analysis % passing
50.0 100
37.5 -
25.0 55-85
19.0 -
12.5 -
Sieve Analysis % passing
50.0 100
37.5 -
25.0 55-85
19.0 -
12.5 -
9.5 40-75
4.75 -
2.00 -
0.425 -
0.075 0-12
Abrasion Loss (LAM), % 50 max
Liquid Limit 35 max
Plasticity Limit 12 max
Moisture-Density
Relationship:
Maximum Dry Density, Kg/m³ -
Optimum Moisture Content, % -
California Bearing Ration :
CBR Value at MDD, % 25 min.
Swell, % -
Remarks :
271
272
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
Project :
Kind of Materials : Aggregates Subbase Materials

Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Sampled By :
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab. No.
Sieve Analysis , mm % passing
63.0 -
50.0 100
Sieve Analysis , mm % passing
63.0 -
50.0 100
37.5 -
25.0 55-85
19.0 -
12.5 -
9.5 40-75
4.75 -
2.00 -
0.425 -
0.075 0-12
Remarks :
273
274
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
Project :
Kind of Materials : Crushed Aggregates Subbase Materials

Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Sampled By :
(Name & Designation) (Office) (Date
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab. No.
Sieve Analysis , size % passing
Grading A
37.5 100
Sieve Analysis , size % passing
Grading A
37.5 100
25.0 -
19.0 60-85
12.5 -
9.5 -
4.75 30-55
2.00 -
0.425 8-25
0.075 2-14
Liquid Limit % 25 max
Plasticity Index 6 max
Fractured Face -
Moisture-Density Relationship:
Maximum Dry Density, kg/m³ -
Optimum Moisture % -
Content,
California Bearing Ratio:
CBR Value at MDD, % 80 min
Swell, % -
275
276
TEST REPORT ON SOIL AGGREGATE MIXTURES
Date :
Lab. Report No. :
O.R. No. :
Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample ID :
Quantity Rep. :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. :
Sampled By :
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)

Submitted By :
Received)
Abrasion Loss, (LAM) %
Remarks :
277
278
TEST REPORT ON SOIL AGGREGATE MIXTURES
Date :
Lab. Report No. :
O.R. No. :
Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample ID :
Quantity Rep. :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. :
Sampled By :
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)
REQUIREMEN
TEST RESULTS
TS
Submitted By :
Received)
REQUIREMEN
TEST RESULTS
TS
Soaked CBR Value @ Max.
%
Dry Density,
Remarks :
279
280
TEST REPORT ON CONCRETE SAMPLE
Date :
Lab. Report No. :
O.R. No. :
Project :
Type of Specimen : Concrete Cylinder Sample
Spec Item No. : Class :
Source of Mixture : Required :
Strength
Sampled By :
( Name and Designation ) ( Office ) ( Date

Received )
Submitted By :
( Name and Designation ) ( Office ) ( Date
Received )
COMPRESSIV
SAMPLE PART OF AGE IN
DATE SAMPLED E STRENGTH,
IDENTIFICATION STRUCTURE DAYS
MPa
IDENTIFICATION STRUCTURE DAYS
MPa
Remarks
:
281
282
Lab. Report No. :

Date :
TEST REPORT ON REINFORCING STEEL

Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. :
Sampled By :
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)
Job Order: Contractor:
TESTS PERFORMED REQUIREMENTS RESULTS

Tensile Properties
Received)

Tensile Properties
Yield Point, Mpa 420 minimum
Tensile Strength, Mpa 620 minimum
Elongation, % 7 minimum
Bending Properties: No cracking on outside
Degree bent, 90 degrees bent proportion
Actual Unit mass, kg/m 3.973
Variation in mass, % 6% max. under
Deformation, mm: nominal mass
Spacing, average 17.8 maximum
Height, average 1.27 minimum
Gap, average 9.7 maximum
Phosphorous Content, %
Remarks :
283
284
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
TEST REPORT ON REINFORCING STEEL

Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. :
Sampled By :
Received)
Submitted By :
Received)

Tensile Properties
Received)

Tensile Properties
Yield Point, Mpa 276 minimum
Tensile Strength, Mpa 483 minimum
Elongation, % 12 minimum
Bending Properties: No cracking on outside
Degree bent, 90 degrees bent proportion
Actual Unit mass, kg/m -
Variation in mass, % 6% max. under nominal
Deformation, mm: mass
Spacing, average 8.9 maximum
Height, average 0.51 minimum
Gap, average 4.9 maximum
Phosphorous Content, % 0.06 maximum
Remarks :
285
286
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
O.R. No.
TEST REPORT ON ANGLE BAR
Project :
Location :
Kind of Materials :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. :
Sampled By :
(Name & Designation) (Office) (Date)

Submitted By :

Submitted By :

Thickness mm 5.5
Tensile Properties:
Yield Point, Mpa 250 min.
Tensile Strength, Mpa 400-550
Elongation, % 20 min.
Remarks :
287
288
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
O.R. No.
TEST REPORT ON GUARDRAIL
Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Specs Item No. :
Sampled By :

Submitted By :
Received)

Received)
Thickness, mm 2.51 min.

Width, mm -
Yield Point, Mpa 345 min.
Tensile Strength, Mpa 483 min.
Elongation, 50 mm gage length, % 12 min.
Weight of Zinc Coating:
Single Spot, g/m² 550 min.
Triple Spot, g/m² 610 min.
Remarks :
289
290
TEST REPORT ON G.I. SHEET
Project :
Kind of Materials : CORRUGATED G.I. SHEET GAUGE 26, 2,400 mm (Apo)
Sample :
Quantity : 1,000 sheets
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use : For Roofing
Specs Item No. : PNS 67: 1986
Sampled By :

Submitted By :
Received)
Lab. No.: ___________
RESULTS SPECIFICATION
Base Metal Thickness, mm 0.40 +/- 0.06

Triple Spot, g/m2 215 min.
Base Metal Thickness, mm 0.40 +/- 0.06
Triple Spot, g/m2 215 min.
Single Spot, g/m2 185 min.
2
Unit Weight of Sheet, kg/m
Coating Bend Test No flaking
Remarks :
291
292
TEST REPORT ON G.I. SHEETS
Date :
O.R. No. :
Project :
Sample :
Gauge No. :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Manufactured by :
Supplier/Contractor :
Specs Item No. : AASHTO M 180-84
Sampled By :
Name & Designation) (Office) (Date)
Submitted By :

Submitted By :

Weight of Zinc coating, g/sq.m
Triple Spot
Single Spot
Thickness, mm
Remarks :
293
294
Date :
O.R. No. :
Lab. No. :
TEST REPORT ON GABION

Project :
Kind of Materials : Gabion Box & Mattress
Sample :
Quantity Rep. :
Sampled at :
Manufactured by :
Proposed Used
Supplier/Contractor :
Sampled By :

Submitted By :
TESTS REQUIREMENTS RESULTS

DETERMINATION OF ZINC
A. Gabion Box:
a. Body 224 g/m²
DETERMINATION OF ZINC
A. Gabion Box:
a. Body 224 g/m²
b. Selvage 224 g/m²
B. Gabion Mattress:
a. Body 224 g/m²
b. Selvage 224 g/m²
DETERMINATION OF
THICKNESS
A. Gabion Box:
a. Body -
b. Selvage -
B. Gabion Mattress:
a. Body
b. Selvage
Remarks :
295
296
TEST REPORT ON CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
Lab. Report No. :

Date :
Project :
Type of Unit :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Used :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
SAMPLE REQUIREMEN
TESTS RESULTS
I.D. TS
Dimension Measurement, mm
Width
1
2
3
Length
1
2
3
Height
3
Length
1
2
3
Height
1
2
3
Compressive Strength, MN/m²
Individual Unit
1 3.45 min.
2 3.45 min.
3 3.45 min.
Average of three (3) units

Water absorption, kg/m3 (Average of
3 units)
Moisture Content, % (Avg. of 3 units)
Remarks :
297
298
Lab. Report No. :

Date :
TEST REPORT ON REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE
Project :
Kind and Class :

Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Proposed Used :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :

Internal diameter, mm
Wall thickness, mm
Length, mm
Sides variation, mm
Reinforcement:
Covering, mm
Wall thickness, mm
Length, mm
Sides variation, mm
Reinforcement:
Covering, mm
Spacing, mm
Reinforcement Area, mm2/linear m.
Inner cage
Outer cage
Strength D, load to
produce:
0.3 mm crack, N 50 Min.
Ultimate load, N 75 Min.
Absorption, % 9 Max.
Remarks :
299
300
Lab. Report No. :

Date :
TEST REPORT ON PORTLAND CEMENT
Project :
Sample :
Kind and Class :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Manufactured by :
Brand :
Supplied by :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab No. :
Magnesium Oxide (MgO), % 6.0 Max.
Sulfur Trioxide (SO3), % 3.0 Max.
Loss on Ignition, % 3.0 Max.
Lab No. :
Magnesium Oxide (MgO), % 6.0 Max.
Sulfur Trioxide (SO3), % 3.0 Max.
Loss on Ignition, % 3.0 Max.
Insoluble Residue, % 0.75 Max.
Air Content of Mortar, % 12.0 Max.
Fineness: Amount Passing
No. 0.075 mm Sieve, % -
Autoclave Expansion, % 0.8 Max.
Time of Setting: Gilmore
TestInitial set, min. 60 Min.
Final set, min. 600 Max.
Compressive Strength, Avg. mortar
Cubes, Mpa:
3 days 12.0 Min.
7 days 19.0 Min.
28 days 28.0 Min.
Specific Gravity -
Remarks :
301
302
Lab. Report No. :

Date :
TEST REPORT ON ASPHALT CEMENT

Project :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Grade :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab No. :
Original Sample
Received)
Lab No. :
Original Sample
Penetration 23oC, 200g, 60-70
5s
Flash Point, Cleveland Open Cap. 232 Min.
oC
Ductility, 25oC, 5cm mn. cm 100 Min.

Solubility in 99 Min.
trichlorethylene
Less on heating, % 0.8 Max.
Residue
Penetration, % of original 24 Min.
Ductility, 25oC, 5cm mn. 50 Min.
Spot
cmTest 25% xylene-heptane Negative
Specific Gravity
Remarks :
303
304
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
TEST REPORT ON EMULSIFIED ASPHALT

Project :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Type and Grade :
Original Source :
Grade :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab No. :

Received)
Lab No. :

Emulsion:
Viscosity (Saybolt-furol), 25oC, s
Storage Stability, %
Cement Mixing, %
Sieve Test, %
Residue by
distillation, %
Particle Change, %
Specific Gravity
Residue:
Penetration, 25oC, 100g, 5’s
Ductility, 25oC, 5cm/min, cm
Solubility in trichloroethylene, %
Remarks :
305
306
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
TEST REPORT ON CUT-BACK ASPHALT

Project :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Type and Grade :
Original Source :
Grade :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab No. :
Original sample
Lab No. :
Original sample
Viscosity, Kinematic at 60oC, 70-140
centistokes
Specific Gravity -
Flash Point, Tag-Open Cup, oC 38 Min.
Distillation Test:
Distillate, % by volume of total
Distillate to 360oC
to 225oC 0-20
to 260oC 20-60
to 315oC 65-90
Residue by distillation, % 55 Min.
Residue:
Penetration, 25oC, 100g, 5’s 120-250
Ductility, 25oC, 5cm/min, cm 100 Min.
Solubility in trichloroethylene, % 99 Min.
Spot test, 25% xylene-heptane Negative
Remarks :
307
308
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
TEST REPORT ON CONCRETE JOINT SEALER
Project :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab No. :

Received)
Lab No. :
Safe heating temperature, oC -
Pour Point temperature, oC 171 Max.
Flow at 60oC, mm 5.0 Max.
Penetration at 25oC, 150gm, 5 sec. 90 Max.
Remarks :
309
310
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
TEST REPORT ON CONCRETE JOINT SEALER

Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab No. :

Received)
Lab No. :
Thickness, mm 11.1-14.3
Density, kg/m3 304 Min.
Water Absorption, % 20 Max.
Compression, KN/m2 689-5171
Recovery, % 70 Min.
Remarks :
311
312
Lab. No. :
Date :
O.R. No. :
TEST REPORT ON BITUMINOUS MIX (COLD MIX)
Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample :
Identification
Quantity Rep. :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied By :
Proposed Used :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :

Submitted By :


Sieve Analysis : Cumulative % Passing
(After Extraction)
Sieve Size, mm
19.0 100
12.5 95 – 100
4.75 21-35
2.36 13 – 21
0.600 4 - 11
0.300 0-5
Bitumen Content, % by wt. of 4.1 – 5.0
Aggregate
Bulk Specific Gravity -
Marshall Stability -
Flow -
Remarks :
313
314
Lab. No. :
Date :
O.R. No. :
TEST REPORT ON BITUMINOUS MIX (COLD MIX)
Project :
Sample :
Identification
Quantity Rep. :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied By :
Proposed Used :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :

Submitted By :
Lab No. :
Lab No. :
(After Extraction)
Sieve Size, mm
12.5 100
9.5 95 – 100
4.75 76-90
2.36 62-68
1.18 38-43
0.600 22-28
0.300 11-18
0.075 2-6
Bitumen Content, % by wt. of Aggregate 5.7-6.5
Bulk Specific Gravity -
Immersion/Compression Test, KPs
Dry 1400 Min.
Wet -
Index of Retained Strength, % 70 Min.
Remarks :
315
316
Lab. Report :
No.
Date :
TEST REPORT ON CONCRETE PAINT

Project :
Kind of Materials :
Sample :
Quantity :
Sampled at :
Original Source :
Supplied by :
Proposed Use :
Spec’s Item No. :
Sampled By :
Submitted By :
Received)
Lab No. :
Received)
Lab No. :
Total Solids, % 49 Min.
Non-volatile vehicle, % 18 Min.
by wt. of vehicle
Pigment, % 39 Min.
Titanium Dioxide, % 30 Min.
by wt. of pigment
Weight, kg/L 1.35 Min.
Drying Time:
Set to touch, mins. 10-15
Dry hard, h
Remarks :
317
Annex G: QA/QC Communications 319
ANNEX G
QA/QC Communications
320
PROVINCE/CITY/MUNICIPALITY OF ____________________
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR/MAYOR
(Address)
____________
(Date)
The Manager (Contractor)

(Name of Firm)
(Address)
SUBJECT: Quality Control Plan (QCP) on the (Name of Project) .

Sir/Ma’am:
The Quality Control Plan (QCP) you have submitted on __ _(date)_____ for the captioned
project shows that the laboratory and field testing works is within the minimum requirement
as prescribed under DPWH Memorandum dated January 25, 1989. Hence, what you have
submitted is hereby APPROVED subject to the following conditions, to wit:
1. That a Pre-Material Conference shall be conducted prior the start of the project.
2. That the testing of the various construction materials needed on the project shall be
conducted first and shall meet the Standard Specifications before incorporation into
the works as per DPWH D.O. 213, dated November 8, 2004.
3. That in the event the project undergoes a variation order, a corresponding revised
Quality Control Plan (QCP) shall be made indicating the new quantity from the
2. That the testing of the various construction materials needed on the project shall be
conducted first and shall meet the Standard Specifications before incorporation into
the works as per DPWH D.O. 213, dated November 8, 2004.
3. That in the event the project undergoes a variation order, a corresponding revised
Quality Control Plan (QCP) shall be made indicating the new quantity from the
variation order.
4. That the pledged Materials Engineer in the contract should be present at the jobsite.
That the qualified and competent Materials Engineer so assigned shall coordinate with
the assigned Government Materials Engineer/Technician for proper project
collaboration and management. That the renewed Certificate of Accreditation shall be
submitted by the pledged Materials Engineer as specified under subsection 4.4(b) of
D.O. No. 184, dated September 17, 1999.
5. That the contractor thru his quality control personnel shall carry out all the materials
quality control and the entire test specified in the contract and/or other testing as
required by the Engineer. The contractor shall also provide a fully equipped material
testing equipment before the start of work to ensure the incorporation of the right
quantity of materials. Items that require field test shall be done in accordance with
MPWH Memorandum Circular 33, dated October 30, 1981 and DPWH D.O. No. 80,
dated April 3, 1990.
Annex G: QA/QC Communications
321
322
6. If in case the (LGU) Laboratory does not have the capability to conduct the required
laboratory test, the contractor is allowed to engage the services of accredited testing
laboratories, however the contractor is required to obtain first a Certification from the
concerned (LGU) Testing Laboratory that it does not have the capability to undertake
the desired test.
7. That all sampling procedures and testing of construction materials (be it in the LGU
Laboratory or accredited private laboratory) shall be witnessed by authorized
government representatives as per DPWH D.O. No. 13, dated April 1, 1987.
8. That in concreting works a trial mix shall be undertaken to determine the quantity of
each ingredient necessary to attain the concrete strength requirements. All concrete
samples taken from actual concreting works shall pass the strength requirements for
payment of concrete works as per DPWH D.O. No. 15, dated April 1, 1987.
9. That the contractor shall be responsible for the quality control of all materials during the
handling, blending, mixing and placement operations as per DPWH Standard and
Specifications Vol. II Part E subsection 311.3.1 Quality Control of Concrete.
10. That only the approved tests reports shall be used as basis of payment/acceptable in
progress and final billing as per unnumbered DPWH D.O., series of 1989.
11. That the Certificate of Quality Control Assurance (CQCA) shall be accomplished during
the progress of the work and that only item of work passing the required Standard
Specifications will be reflected in the said CQCA as per MPWH Memorandum Circular
No. 38, dated November 12, 1981.
12. That these stipulated conditions shall be religiously followed in order to attain high
quality infrastructure project.
the progress of the work and that only item of work passing the required Standard
Specifications will be reflected in the said CQCA as per MPWH Memorandum Circular
No. 38, dated November 12, 1981.
12. That these stipulated conditions shall be religiously followed in order to attain high
quality infrastructure project.
Very truly yours,
___________________________________
(Name, Designation & Signature of Local Chief Executive)
cc: The Provincial/City/Municipal Engineer

This Office
323
324
Republic of the Philippines
OFFICE OF THE PROVINCIAL/CITY/MUNICIPAL ENGINEER
(Address)
_____________
(Date)

(Name of Firm)
(Address)
ATTENTION: ____________ (Name) ___________

Materials Engineer of the Contractor
Sir/Madam:
This is in connection with the ___________(Name of Project) , this city,

which your firm has the lowest calculated bid in the amount of P _____________. In
anticipation on the subsequent award of the project, you are hereby advised to undertake in
advance the necessary testing requirements of the following construction materials which are
required on the project:
a) Portland Cement
b) Fine Aggregates (Sand)
c) Coarse Aggregates (Gravel)
d) Reinforcing Steel Bars 16mm ø (Deformed)
required on the project:
a) Portland Cement
b) Fine Aggregates (Sand)
c) Coarse Aggregates (Gravel)
d) Reinforcing Steel Bars 16mm ø (Deformed)
e) Reinforcing Steel Bars 25mm ø (Plain)
f) and other Construction Materials
It is therefore recommended that your Materials Engineer shall initiate the preparation
of the “Quality Control Plan” of the project the soonest as the laboratory testing requirements
of some materials especially cement will consume about twenty-eight (28) calendar days to
achieve the required concrete strength, hence we do not want that the project implementation
to encounter delay in view of this reason.
Furthermore, our designated Materials Engineer has been advised to assist you in the
preparation of the necessary documents and will witness in the laboratory and field works
requisite on the project.
Very truly yours,
__________________________
Chief, QAS
Noted:
________________
Provincial/City/Municipal Engineer
cc: The Project Engineer

This Office
325
326

(Address)
____________
(Date)

(Name of Firm)
(Address)
ATTENTION: ____________ (Name) ___________

Sir/Madam:
In as much as the Notice of Award of____(Name of
Project)_________, in the amount of P __________, has been issued; you
are hereby requested to perform trial mix on concrete works which is a pre-
requisite in the implementation of the project.
In as much as the Notice of Award of____(Name of
Project)_________, in the amount of P __________, has been issued; you
are hereby requested to perform trial mix on concrete works which is a pre-
requisite in the implementation of the project.
We are giving this information since the minimum days to perform this
test is 28 days. In view of this, it is advised to undertake these requirements
the soonest in order not to delay the execution of the project.
Furthermore, you are hereby advised to coordinate with the designated
Materials Engineer in order to witness the necessary laboratory testing of the
different materials required of the project.
Very truly yours,
__________________________
Chief, QAS
Noted:
_____________________________

This Office
327
328

(Address)
____________
(Date)

(Name of Firm)
(Address)
Attn: ____________(Name)___________
Name of Project:
___________________________________________________
Kind of Sample/Testing: 1) Concrete Beam Sample 1 set of 3 CBS
(6” x 6” x 21”) - Flexural Test
2) Concrete Cylinder Sample 1 set of 3 CCS (6” x
12”) - Compression Test
Sir/Madam:
2) Concrete Cylinder Sample 1 set of 3 CCS (6” x
12”) - Compression Test
Sir/Madam:
As part of the duties and responsibilities of Contractor’s Materials Engineer

of the mentioned project, you are hereby advised to conduct the test on
______(Dates)_______. The designated Materials Engineer of this office will
assist/witness and authenticate the result of the test conducted.
Your positive action on this notice is hereby requested so that we can issue
the subsequent MATERIAL QUALITY ASSURANCE CERTIFICATE which is a
vital requirement on the progress of the project.
Very truly yours,
__________________________
Chief, QAS
Noted:
_____________________________
This Office
329
330
Illustration : Letter from the Contractor requesting the issuance of Pouring Permit to the
Project Engineer’s before executing concrete works activity.
(CONTRACTOR’S LETTER HEAD)
______________
(Date)
THE PROVINCIAL/CITY/MUNICIPAL ENGINEER

Municipality/City/Province of___________________
(Address)
ATTENTION: THE PROJECT ENGINEER, Construction Division/Section
SUBJECT: ________________________________________________________
(Name of Project)
SIR/MADAM:
The undersigned would like to request for a pouring permit on the above-mentioned
project to be scheduled on (Date and Time) with the following data:
SIR/MADAM:
The undersigned would like to request for a pouring permit on the above-mentioned
project to be scheduled on (Date and Time) with the following data:
Type of Structure :
Station / Location :
Lane :
Length (m) :
Width (m) :
Thickness (m) :
Area (sq. m) :
Volume (cu.m) :
Your immediate action is highly appreciated.
Very truly yours,
_________________________
Contractor’s Materials Engineer
Accreditation No. ___________
Noted:
________________________
331
Proprietor/Manager/Contractor
332

(Address)
________
(Date)
(Name of Firm)
(Address)
ATTENTION: ____________ (Name) ___________

SUBJECT: (Name of Project) .
Sir/Madam:
This is in connection with the result of the compression strength testing of
the submitted sample (indicate kind of material tested) on_ _ (date) ,
which has FAILED. It did not meet the required specification of
Sir/Madam:
This is in connection with the result of the compression strength testing of
the submitted sample (indicate kind of material tested) on_ _ (date) ,
which has FAILED. It did not meet the required specification of
____________as tested by your Materials Engineer and witnessed by our
personnel of this office.
In view hereof, you are advised to refrain from using the said material derived
from that source. At the same time you are further advised to submit another
set of sample from another source for the necessary testing requirement.
On the other hand, you are hereby directed to replace the materials on-site
which failed to comply with the DPWH Standard Specification.
For your information and appropriate action.
Very truly yours,
________________
Chief, QAS
This Office
333
334

(Address)
____________
(Date)
(Name of Firm)
(Address)
ATTENTION: ____________ (Name) ___________
Sir/Madam:
As part of the requirement on the Quality Control Plan of the office, we
would like to request the presence of your Materials Engineer on ____ to
witness the Core Boring Test on the following location of the
(Name of Project) .
Your compliance on this activity is highly requested as the result of this
witness the Core Boring Test on the following location of the
(Name of Project) .
Your compliance on this activity is highly requested as the result of this

test will form part of the requirements of the final acceptance of the project.
Furthermore, if no representative from your firm is available, it is

construed that you are agreeable on the test conducted.
Very truly yours,
________________
Chief, QAS
Noted:
___________________________

This Office
335
Annex H: Data and References 337
ANNEX H
Data and References

LABORATORY SERVICE GUIDE
QUALITY ASSURANCE DIVISION/SECTION
TESTING/PRE-TESTING OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
338
QUANTITY OF
MINIMUM TESTING SAMPLE TO TESTING
REQUIREMENT BE TEST FEE DO# 25
KIND OF MATERIAL DURATI
Memo dated January 25, SUBMITTED ON dated Apr.
1989 MO#28 dated 24, 2006
Aug. 19, 1989
1.QUALITY
1 Q per 2000 bags or fraction
a. Cement thereof 10 kgs. 1 mo. 1,730.00
b. Aggregates
b.1 Coarse 1 Q per 1,500 m³ or fraction 70 kgs. 9 days 1,590.00

thereof
b.2 Fine 1 Q per 1,500 m³ or fraction 50 kgs. 9 days 1,610.00
thereof
c. Asphalt
1 Q per 40 tonnes or or 200
c.1 Emulsified 5L. 4 days 1,290.00
drums or fraction thereof
1 Q per 40 tonnes or or 200
c.2 Cut Back 5L. 4 days 1,730.00
drums or fraction thereof

c.3 Asphalt 1 Q per 40 tonnes or or 200 5L. 4 days 1,640.00
Cement drums or fraction thereof
c.4 1 Q per 130 tonnes or fraction 10 kgs. 3 days 900.00
Bituminous Mixture thereof
d. Paint
d.1 1 Q per 100 cans or fraction

Reflectorized 4L/20L cans 5 days 2,790.00
thereof
white
Reflectorized thereof 4L/20L cans 5 days 3,080.00
Yellow
d.3
Latex/Enamel/ 1 Q per 100 cans or fraction 4L/20L cans 4 days 1,230.00
thereof
Roof
Reflectorized thereof
white
Reflectorized thereof 4L/20L cans 5 days 3,080.00
Yellow
d.3
Latex/Enamel/ 1 Q per 100 cans or fraction 4L/20L cans 4 days 1,230.00
thereof
Roof
d.4 Aluminum 1 Q per 100 cans or fraction 4L/20L cans 3 days 950.00
thereof
d.5 Red Lead 1 Q per 100 cans or fraction
Oxide thereof 4L/20L cans 4 days 1,500.00
e. Soil 1 Q per 1,500 m³ or fraction 50 kgs. 4 days 1,130.00

thereof
2.CALIFORNIA 1 Q per 2,500 m³ or fraction 50 kgs. 7 days 1,160.00
BEARING RATIO thereof
1 Q per 1,500 m³ or fraction
3.ABRASION thereof 5 kgs. 1 day 420.00
4.% FRACTURED 1 Q per 1,500 m³ or fraction
FACE thereof 1 day
5.ZINC COATING &
THICKNESS DET.
a. Guardrail 1 Q per 2,500 or fraction 3 pcs. 2.250 m² 2 days 380.00
b. Gabion thereof 12” to 24
Mattress 1 Q per shipment “length of 2 days 380.00
c. G.I. Sheet 1 (S) per 1,000 sheets or Sample
3 pcs. 60mm x 2 days 380.00
(deformed) fraction thereof 60mm
Annex H: Data and References
339
340
MINIMUM TESTING QUANTITY OF TESTING

REQUIREMENT SAMPLE TO BE TEST FEE DO# 25
KIND OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED
continuation
Memo dated January 25, MO#28 dated Aug. DURATION dated Apr.
1989 19, 1989 24, 2006
6.REINFORCING STEEL 1 Q per 10,000 kgs. or
BARS (DEFORMED) fraction thereof per size 1 meter 5 days 830.00
a. 7.REINFORCING 1 Q per 10,000 kgs. or

1 meter 5 days 740.00
STEEL BARS (PLAIN) fraction thereof per size
b. 8.REDUCED Reduced
SECTION 1(S) per 50 tonnes Section 1 day 510.00
(PLATES/SHEETS) (as prescribed)
9. CONCRETE
1 set for every 75 m³ or

a. Flexural Strength fraction thereof for every 1 set of 3 beams 1 day 360.00
pouring
1 set forday
every 75 m³ or
b. Compressive Strength fraction thereof for every 1 set of 3 1 day 300.00
cylinders
pouring day
c. PCCP Core Sample 1 day 180.00

Compression
d. Cutting of Core sample
1 day 320.00
for strength determination
e. Asphalt concrete sample 1 core for every 100 3 days 950.00

meters
5 holes for every km. per

10. CONCRETE CORE lane or 5 holes per 500 m
SAMPLE 2 days 950.00
(thickness determination) when 2 lanes are poured
concurrently
11.COMPACTION
1(S) per 1,500 m³ or
a. MODIFIED 50 kgs. 3 days 640.00
fraction thereof
lane or 5 holes per 500 m
SAMPLE 2 days 950.00
(thickness determination) when 2 lanes are poured
concurrently
11.COMPACTION
1(S) per 1,500 m³ or
a. MODIFIED 50 kgs. 3 days 640.00
fraction thereof
1(S) per 1,500 m³ or
b. PROCTOR fraction thereof 50 kgs. 3 days 570.00
In-situ density
12.FIELD DENSITY TEST test 1 day 380.00
13.JOB-MIX FORMULA 16 days 2,770.00

(BITUMINOUS MIX)
14.RCCP
1(S) per 50 pcs. or
c. 910mm (36 in.)dia. 1 pipe 1 day 1,200.00
fraction thereof
1(S) per 50 pcs. or
1,200mm (48 in.)dia. 1 pipe 1 day 1,770.00
fraction thereof
1,800 mm (72 in.) dia. 1(S) per 50 pcs. or 1 pipe 1 day

fraction thereof
15. ASPHALT CORE
(Density, Thickness, 2 days 750.00
Extraction & Grading)
16. REFLECTIVE
3 (S) Per 10,000 pcs. or
PAVEMENT STUDS fraction thereof 3 pcs. 1 day 420.00
(flexural strength)
341
342
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
MINIMUM
MINIMUM TESTING QUANTITY/VOLUME
MATERIALS OF MATERIALS FOR
REQUIREMENTS EACH SAMPLE
SUBMITTED
1. Cement 1 sample per 2000 bags 10 kg
2. Asphaltic Material 1 sample per 40 Tonnes or 200 drums 5 Liters
3. Asphalt Mix 1 sample per 130 Tonnes 20 kg
4. Aggregates
a. Coarse Aggregate 1 sample per 1,500 m3 70 kg

b. Fine Aggregate 50 kg
5. Soil Aggregates
a. Classification 20 kg
b. Routinary Tests 1 sample per 1,500 m3 50 kg
c. MDR Test and CBR 50 kg
6. Non – Reinforced
2 pipes min./0.5% of no. of pipes 2 pipes
Concrete Pipes
7. Reinforced Concrete 1 sample per 50 pipes or 2% of # of
Pipes pipes 1 pipe (1 m length)
2 pcs of 100 mm long
8.Steel Pipe (Galvanized) 1 sample per 500 lengths taken from both ends
without thread
9. Concrete Hollow Blocks
6 units
(CHB) Complete 1 sample per 10,000 units per size
a. Strength
b. Moisture Content 3 units
3 units
1 sample per 10,000 kgs or 1 Tonnes
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES
10. Steel Bar 1m

per size
11. Galvanized Iron Sheets 1 sample per 2,500 Sheets or fraction
1 sheet
(G.I. Sheets) thereof
12. Wire, Wire Strand and
2m
Wire Rope 1 sample per shipment
13. Gabion 1 sample per each source/shipment 1m x 2m
10. Steel Bar 1 sample per 10,000 kgs or 1 Tonnes 1m
per size
11. Galvanized Iron Sheets 1 sample per 2,500 Sheets or fraction
1 sheet
(G.I. Sheets) thereof
12. Wire, Wire Strand and
2m
Wire Rope 1 sample per shipment
13. Gabion 1 sample per each source/shipment 1m x 2m
14. Paints 1 - 4 Liters can
1 sample per 100 cans or 100 pails 1 - 20 Liters pail
15. Joint Filler (Pre–
1 – 400mm x 400mm
Molded)
16. Curing Compound 1 sample per shipment/per brand 1 Liter
17. Concrete Cylinder 1 sample per 75 m3 or fraction thereof 1 set of 3 Cylinders
placed each day (6”x12”)
1 sample per 75 m3 or fraction thereof 1 set of 3 Beam
18. Concrete Beam placed each day
(6”x6”x21”)
5 holes for every km/lane or 5 holes
19. Concrete Core per 500 m when 2 lanes are poured
concurrently
1 core for every 100m density and
thickness test – at least one but not
20. Asphalt core
more than three (3) samples shall be
taken for each full day’s operation
21. Water
a. Chemical Analysis
b. Sediment Load 500 ml
500 ml
Analysis
22. Structural Steel/Sheet 1 sample per 50,000 kgs or 50 tonnes Reduced Section (as
prescribed)
343
344
MINIMUM MATERIALS TESTING EQUIPMENT
SMALL MEDIUM LARGE

CONTRACTORS CONTRACTORS CONTRACTORS
1. Set of Sieves including Similar to Minimum Similar to Minimum

cover and brush, fine & Materials Testing Materials Testing
wire sieve Equipment of small Equipment of medium
contractor plus: contractors plus:
2. Mortar & Pestle
3. Liquid Limit Test Set Vertical Capping Set
including Plate, Plastic 1. Mechanical CBR
Apparatus complete
Limit
with accessories
4. Hammer, Modified
MINIMUM MATERIALS TESTING EQUIPMENT
2. Volumetric Flask
Compaction 3. Sand Absorption Cone
5. Compaction Mold and Tamper
6. MC Can 4. Specific Gravity Test
7. FDT Apparatus Set for coarse
8. Triple Beam Balance aggregates
5. Los Angeles Abrasion
(0.01 g and 0.1 g Machine
sensitivity) 6. Thermostatic
9. Heavy Duty Solution Controlled Oven
Balance (20 kg capacity, 1 7. Core Drilling Machine
complete with
5. Los Angeles Abrasion
(0.01 g and 0.1 g Machine
sensitivity) 6. Thermostatic
9. Heavy Duty Solution Controlled Oven
Balance (20 kg capacity, 1 7. Core Drilling Machine
g sensitivity) complete with
10. Post Hole Auger accessories
11. Double Graduated Glass 8. Centrifuge or Reflex
Extractor
Cylinder 9. Marshall Stability
12. Mixing Bowl Apparatus complete
13. Square Pan with accessories
14. Square-shape Shovel
15. Pick Axe
16. Crowbar
17. Steel Cylinder Mold
18. Steel Beam Mold
19. Slump Cone Set
20. Dial type Metal
Thermometer
21. Concrete Measure
22. Steel Straight Edge
23. Portable Concrete Mixer
345
Minimum Materials Testing Equipment

For Small Contractors
P 96,823.00

For Small Contractors
P 96,823.00
continuation

For Medium Contractors
P 110,063.00

For Medium Contractors
P 110,063.00
continuation

For Large Contractors
P 607,919.00

For Large Contractors
P 607,919.00
continuation
QUALITY TEST FOR CONCRETE AGGREGATES

FOR A SOURCE NOT YET TESTED OR FAILED IN PREVIOUS
QUALITY TEST:
A. FINE AGGREGATES:
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. GRADING P 200.00
2. ELUTRIATION (WASH) 120.00
3. BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY & ABSORPTION 200.00
4. MORTAR STRENGTH 200.00
5. SOUNDNESS 400.00
6. ORGANIC IMPURITIES 240.00
7. UNIT WEIGHT 150.00
8. CLAY LUMPS 100.00
TOTAL: P1,610.00
B. COARSE AGGREGATES:
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. GRADING P 200.00
4. ABRASION 420.00
5. SOUNDNESS 400.00
TOTAL: P1,590.00
QUALITY TEST FOR CONCRETE AGGREGATES
FOR A SOURCE PREVIOUSLY TESTED AND PASSED QUALITY TEST:
A. FINE AGGREGATES:
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. GRADING P 200.00
4. MORTAR STRENGTH 200.00
TOTAL: P 970.00
A. B. COURSE
COARSE AGGREGATES
AGGREGATES:
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. GRADING P 200.00
4. ABRASION 420.00
TOTAL: P1,190.00
QUALITY TEST FOR SOIL
KIND OF TEST RATE
1. GRADING P 200.00
2. WASH TEST 120.00
3. LIQUID LIMIT 120.00
4. PLASTIC LIMIT 120.00
5. COMPACTION 570.00
TOTAL: P 1,130.00
TEST FOR CONCRETE CORE
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH P 100.00
2. THICKNESS DETERMINATION 80.00
TOTAL P 180.00
TEST FOR ASPHALT CORE
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. DENSITY P 160.00
2. THICKNESS 120.00
3. EXTRACTION 270.00
4. GRADING 200.00
TOTAL P 750.00
QUALITY TEST FOR STEEL BARS
A. DEFORMED STEEL BAR:

KIND OF TEST RATE
1. TENSILE PROPERTIES P 170.00
2. BENDING PROPERTIES 100.00
3. DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT 100.00
4. VARIATION IN MASS 90.00
5. DIMENSION MEASUREMENT 90.00
6. PHOSPHOROUS CONTENT 280.00
TOTAL: P 830.00
A. PLAIN BAR:
B. PLAIN BAR
KIND OF TEST RATE
1. TENSILE PROPERTIES P 170.00
2. BENDING PROPERTIES 100.00
3. VARIATION IN MASS 90.00
5. PHOSPHOROUS CONTENT 280.00
TOTAL: P 730.00
TEST FOR REDUCED SECTION (PLATES/SHEETS)
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. TENSION P 420.00
2. DIMENSION 90.00
TOTAL: P 510.00
QUALITY TEST FOR GALVANIZED IRON & STEEL SHEETS
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. ZINC COATING P 200.00
2. GAUGE DETERMINATION 90.00
3. BEND & FLAKING TEST 90.00
TOTAL: P 380.00
QUALITY TEST FOR ASPHALT CEMENT
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. SPECIFIC GRAVITY P 90.00
2. LOSS ON HEATING 150.00
3. SOLUBILITY 200.00
4. SPOT TEST 210.00
5. PENETRATION 280.00
6. DUCTILITY 560.00
1. FLASH POINT 150.00
TOTAL: P 1,640.00
QUALITY TEST FOR EMULSIFIED ASPHALT
KIND OF TEST RATE

2. VISCOSITY 200.00
3. DISTILLATION 380.00
5. DUCTILITY 280.00
TOTAL: P 1,290.00
QUALITY TEST FOR CUTBACK ASPHALT
KIND OF TEST RATE

2. VISCOSITY 200.00
3. DISTILLATION 460.00
5. DUCTILITY 280.00
2. FLASH POINT 150.00
3. SPOT TEST 210.00
TOTAL: P 1,730.00
QUALITY TEST FOR BITUMINOUS MIXTURE
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. EXTRACTION P 270.00
2. GRADING 200.00
3. SPECIFIC GRAVITY 160.00
TOTAL: P 630.00
TEST FOR RCCP (910 MM DIA.)
KIND OF TEST RATE

1. WATER ABSORPTION P 150.00
3. REINFORCEMENT MEASUREMENT 90.00
4. STRENGTH 870.00
TOTAL: P 1,200.00
TEST FOR RCCP (1,200 MM DIA.)
APPROXIMATE SAND AND WATER CONTENTS FOR M3 OF

CONCRETE
Based on mix having a water-cement ratio of 0.57 by weight of

22.8 liters of water per bag of cement (22.8 L/bag of cement),
75.0 mm slump and natural sand having a fineness modulus of
2.75
For mixes having either proportion, see adjustments below
Rounded
Coarse Angular Coarse Aggregate
Aggregate
Sand Net Water Content per Sand Net Water
% of Total m3 % of Total Content per m3
Maximum Agg. by Agg. by
size of Absolute Absolute
Aggregate, Vol Kg liters Vol kg liters
mm (STD) m3 m3
12.5 (1/2 in) 51 199 199 56 214 214
18.0 (3/4 in) 46 184 184 51 199 199
25.0 (1 in) 41 178 178 46 192 192
37.5 (1 ½ in) 37 166 166 42 181 181
50.0 (2 in) 34 157 157 39 172 172

75.0 (3 in) 31 148 148 36 163 163
Adjustments of Above Table for Other Conditions
Changes in Conditions Effects on Values in Table V

Stipulated in Table V Percent Sand Net Water Content
Each 0.05 increase
or decrease in water- 1 0
cement ratio
Each 0.01 increase or
decrease in fineness 0.5 0
modulus of sand
Each 25 mm increase or
0 3%
decrease in slump
Manufactured sand 3 +8.9 kg.
For less workable
-3 -4.7 kg.
concrete as pavement
COMPOSITION AND STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR USE IN

STRUCTURE
Class of Min Max Consistency Designated Minimum
concrete cement water – range in size of coarse compressive
content cement slump aggregate strength
per cu. m ratio mm (inch) square of 150mm
kg (bags) kg/kg opening – x 300mm
std. mm concrete
cylinder @ 28
days
MN/m2 (psi)
360 50 -100 37. 5 – 4.75
A (9) 0.53 (2 – 4) (1 ½ - No. 4) 20.7 (3000)
320 50 -100 50.0 – 4.75

B 0.58 16.5 (2400)
(8.5) (2 – 4) (2 - No. 4)
380 50 -100 12. 5 – 4.75
C 0.55 20.7 (3000)
(9.5) (2 – 4) (½ - No. 4)
440 100 max 19.0 – 4.75
P (11) 0.49 (4 max) (3/4 - No. 4) 37. 7 (5000)
380 100 – 200 25.0 – 4.75

Seal (9.5) 0.58 (4 – 8) (1 - No. 4) 20.7 (3000)
*Based on 40 kg per bag. The measured cement content shall be within

± 2 weight percent of the design cement content.
COMPOSITION AND STRENGTH OF CONCRETE FOR

USE IN STRUCTURE
Mass Percent
Sieve Designation
Passing
9.5 mm (3/8 in) 100
4.75 mm (No. 4) 95 – 100
2.36 mm (No. 8) -
1.18 mm (No. 16) 45 – 80
0.600 mm (No. 30) -
0.300 mm (No. 50) 5 – 30
0.150 mm (No. 100) 0 – 10
GRADING REQUIREMENTS ON COARSE AGGREGATE

FOR ITEM 405.
3/4” Mass Percent Passing
Alternate Class Class
Class Class Class
US
A B C P Seal
Standard
63 2-1/2” 100 100
50 2” 95-100 95-100 100 100
37.5 1 - 1/2” - - 100 95 - 100 95 - 100
25 1” 35-70 35 - 70 90 - 100 - -
19 3/4” - - 40 - 70 20 - 55 25 - 60
12.5 1/2” 10 - 30 10 - 30 0 - 15* 0 - 10* -
9.5 3/8” 0-5 - 0 - 10*
4.75 No 4 0-5
For Item 311- Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

(Coarse Aggregate)
Sieve Mass Percent Passing

Designation
Sizes (mm/in.) Grading A Grading B Grading C
75 (3 in.) 100
83 (2 ½ in.) 90 - 100 100 100
50 (2 in.) - 90 - 100 95 – 100

25 - 80 -
37.5 (1 ½ in.) 35 - 70
- 35 - 70
25 (1 in) 0 -15
0 - 10 -
19 (3/4 in.) -
0-5 10 - 30
12.5 (1/2 in.) 0-5
- 0-5
4.75 (No. 4)
Wash Passing No. 200 1.0 Max.
% Abrasion Loss 40 Max.

Gradation Ranges – Hot Plant Mix Bituminous Pavements

(Mass percent passing square sieves, AASHTO T 11 and T 27)
Sieve GRADING
Designation, mm A B C D E F G
37.5 (1-1/2 inch) 100 - - - - - -
95-
25 (1 inch) 100 100 - - - -
100
19 (3/4 inch) 75-95 95-100 95-100 100 - 100 -
12.5 (1/2 inch) - 68-86 68-86 95-100 100 - 100
95- 95-
9.5 (3/8 inch) 54-75 56-78 56-78 74-92 -
100 100
4.75 (No. 4) 36-58 38-60 38-60 48-70 75-90 45-65 30-50
2.36 (No. 8) 25-45 27-47 27-47 33-53 62-82 33-53 5-15
1.18 (No. 16) - 18-37 18-37 22-40 38-58 - -
0.600 (No. 30) 11-28 11-28 13-28 15-30 22-42 - -
0.300 (No. 50) - 6-20 9-20 10-20 11-28 10-20 -
0.075 (No. 200) 0-8 0-8 4-8 4-9 2-10 3-8 2-5
Gradation Requirements – Cold Plant Mix Bituminous Pavement

(Mass percent passing square sieves, AASHTO T 27)
Sieve Designation
Bottom (Binder) Wearing (Surface)
Standard, Alternate US Course Course
mm Std
37.5 1-1/2” 100 -
25 1” 85 – 100 -
19 ¾” 40 – 70 100
12.5 ½” 10 – 35 95 – 100
4.75 No. 4 4 – 16 15 – 40
2.36 No. 8 0–5 10 – 25
0.600 No. 30 - 4 – 13
0.300 No. 50 - 0–5
For Item 405 – Structural Concrete (Coarse Aggregate)

Mass Percent Passing
Sieve
Designation, mm Class
Class A Class B Class C Class P
Seal
63 ( 2 ½ in.) 100
50 ( 2 in.) 100 95 – 100
37.5 ( 1 ½ in) 95 - 100 - 100
95 -
25 ( 1 in.) - 35 – 70 100
100
19 ( 3/4 in.) 35 - 70 - 100 95 - 100 -
90 -
12.5 ( ½ in.) - 10 – 30 - 25 - 60
100
9.5 ( 3/8 in) 10 - 30 - 40 - 70 20 - 55 -
2.75 (No. 4) 0-5 0–5 0 - 15 0 - 10 0 - 10
US STD. S.I. US STD. S.I.
NO. 200 0.075mm NO. 20 0.840mm

NO. 100 0.150mm NO. 16 1.180mm
NO. 60 0.300mm NO. 12 1.700mm
NO.50 0.250mm NO. 10 2.000mm
NO. 40 0.425mm NO. 8 2.360mm
NO. 30 0.600mm NO. 4 4.750mm
Sieve No. (passing) Weight
NO. 40 25 grams
NO. 10 50 grams
NO. 4 200 grams
½” 300 grams
1” 500 grams
2” 1000 grams
Stones ranging from a minimum of 15 kg to a

Class A - maximum of 25kg with at least 50 percent of the
stones weighing more than 20 kg.
Class B - maximum of 70kg with at least 50 percent of the
Class C - maximum of 100kg with at least 50 percent of the
Class D - maximum of 200kg with at least 50 percent of the
REMOVAL OF FORMS AND FALSEWORK
Part of Concrete Structure S.I. US STD.

Min. %
Minimum Time Design NO. 20
Strength
Centering under Girders, 14 days 80%
Beams, Frames or Arches
Floor Slabs 14 days 70%
Walls 1 day 70%
Columns 2 days 70%
Sides of Beams and all other 1 day 70%
Vertical Surfaces
LIMITATIONS/VARIATIONS
ITEM ITEM ITEM 1TEM ITEM ITEM ITEM

104 105 200 201 202 203 300
50% 50% 45% 45%
Abrasion loss
max max max max
6% 12% 6% 6% 4% to 4% to
Plastic index
max max max max 10% 9%
30% 35% 25% 25% 35%
Liquid limit
max max max max max
Permitted
variation
+15mm,
from design ±20mm
-5mm
THICKNESS
OF LAYER
Permitted
variation -5mm, +15mm,
from design -10mm -5mm
LEVEL OF
SURFACE
LIMITATIONS/VARIATIONS continuation
Permitted
surface
irregularity 30mm 20mm 5mm 5mm
measured by
3-m straight
edge
Permitted
variation
from design ±0.5% ±0.3% ±0.2% +0.2%
cross fall or
camber
Permitted
variation
from design ±0.1% ±0.1% ±0.1% +0.1%
longitudinal
grade over
25m length
California 25% 80% 80%
Bearing 100% 80% min
min min min
Ratio
PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR PAVEMENT WITH DEFICIENCY

IN STRENGTH
Deficiency in Strength of Percent (%) of Contract Price Allowed

Concrete Pavement (%)
Less than 5 100
5 to less than 10 80
25 or more 0
PAYMENT ADJUSTMENT FOR PAVEMENT WITH DEFICIENCY

IN THICKNESS
Deficiency in the average Percent (%) of contract price per lot

thickness per lot (mm)
0–5 100
6 – 10 95
11 – 15 85
16 – 20 70
21 – 25 50
more than 25 removed and replaced (no payment)
TABLE: Deformed Bar Designation Numbers, Nominal weights

(Masses) and Deformation Requirements
Mass Percent Passing

Bar Designation Nominal Mass Average Average
No. kg./m Maximum
Spacing Height
Gap (Max.)
(Max.) (Min.)
10 0.560 6.7 0.38 3.6
13 0.994 8.9 0.51 4.9
16 1.552 11.1 0.71 6.1
19 2.235 13.3 0.97 7.3
22 3.042 15.5 1.12 8.5
25 3.973 17.8 1.27 9.7
29 5.060 20.1 1.42 10.9
32 6.404 22.6 1.63 12.4
36 7.907 25.1 1.80 13.7

43 11.38 30.1 2.16 16.5
57 20.24 40.1 2.59 21.9
DEFORMED BARS IDENTIFYING MARKS:

• Manufacturer’s Identifying Marks
• Bar Size – dot (minimum of 3 mm dia.)
Mark Size, mm
(Number of dots) (Nominal Diameter)
1 8
2 10
3 12
4 16
5 20
6 25
7 28
8 32
9 36
• Bar Grade – dash (parallel to the rib) or grade number itself

1 dash – grade 40
2 dashes – grade 60
W - weldable grade
Markings for Grade 40, size= 25mmØ, Weldable Deformed Bar
Color Code
(Painted on the surface of the end of the bar)
Color
Bar Grade
Grade 30 White
Grade 40 Yellow
Grade 60 Green
Weldable Grade Red (additional color code)
Tensile Requirements - AASHTO M 31 (ASTM A 615/A 615 M)
Grade 40 Grade 75
(280) Grade 60 (520)
(420)
Tensile Strength, Min., 60 000 90 000 100 000

Psi (MPa) (420) (620) (690)
Yield Strength, Min., Psi 40 000 60 000 75 000
(MPa) (280) (420) (520)
Elongation in 8 in,
(203.2 mm), min., % Bar
Designation No.
3 (10) 11 9 -
4, 5 (13, 16) 12 9 -
6 (19) 12 9 7
7, 8 (22, 25) - 8 7
9, 10, 11 (29, 32, 36) - 7 6
14, 18 (43, 57) - 7 6
Bending Requirement : No cracking on outside bent portion
Variation in Mass, % : 6.0 maximum under nominal mass
Phosphorus Content, 0.06 maximum
%:
Note:
Grade 40 (280) bars are furnished only in sizes 3 through 6 (10 through 19)
Grade 75 (520) bars are furnished only in sizes 6 through 18 (19 through 57)
Deformation Requirements, in (mm)

AASHTO M 31 (ASTM A 615/A 615 M)
Maximum Maximum
Bar Designation Average Minimum Gap
Number Spacing Average Height
3 (10) 0.262 (6.7) 0.015 (0.38) 0.143 (3.6)

4 (13) 0.350 (8.9) 0.020 (0.51) 0.191 (4.9)
5 (16) 0.437 (11.1) 0.028 (0.71) 0.239 (6.1)
6 (19) 0.525 (13.3) 0.038 (0.97) 0.286 (7.3)
7 (22) 0.612 (15.5) 0.044 (1.12) 0.334 (8.5)
8 (25) 0.700 (17.8) 0.050 (1.27) 0.383 (9.7)
9 (29) 0.790 (20.1) 0.056 (1.42) 0.431 (10.9)
10 (32) 0.889 (22.6) 0.064 (1.63) 0.487 (12.4)
11 (36) 0.987 (25.1) 0.071 (1.80) 0.540 (13.7)
14 (43) 1.185 (30.1) 0.085 (2.16) 0.648 (16.5)
18 (57) 1.58 (40.1) 0.102 (2.59) 0.864 (21.9)
Deformation Requirements, in (mm)

Nominal Weight, lb/ft

Bar Designation Number (Nominal Mass, kg/m)
3 (10) 0.376 (0.560)

4 (13) 0.668 (0.994)
5 (16) 1.043 (1.552)
6 (19) 1.502 (2.235)
7 (22) 2.044 (3.042)
8 (25) 2.670 (3.973)
9 (29) 3.400 (5.060)
10 (32) 4.303 (6.404)

11 (36) 5.313 (7.907)
14 (43) 7.65 (11.38)
18 (57) 13.60 (20.24)
Nominal DimensionsB
Diameter, in Maximum Gap

Bar (mm) Cross- Perimeter, in
Designation Sectional Area, (mm)
Number A in2 (mm2)
3 (10) 0.375 (9.5) 0.11 (71) 1.178 (29.9)

4 (13) 0.500 (12.7) 0.20 (129) 1.571 (39.9)
5 (16) 0.625 (15.9) 0.31 (199) 1.963 (49.9)
6 (19) 0.750 (19.1) 0.44 (284) 2.356 (59.8)
7 (22) 0.875 (22.2) 0.60 (387) 2.749 (69.8)
8 (25) 1.000 (25.4) 0.79 (510) 3.142 ((79.8)
9 (29) 1.128 (28.7) 1.00 (645) 3.544 (90.0)
10 (32) 1.270 (32.3) 1.27 (819) 3.990 (101.3)
11 (36) 1.410 (35.8) 1.56 (1006) 4.430 (112.5)
14 (43) 1.693 (43.0) 2.25 (1452) 5.32 (135.1)
18 (57) 2.257 (57.3) 4.00 (2581) 7.09 (180.1)
18 (57) 1.58 (40.1) 0.102 (2.59) 0.864 (21.9)
Note:
A – Bar numbers are based on the number of eighths of an inch, included in
the nominal diameter of the bars, (bar numbers approximate the number of
millimeters of the nominal diameter of the bar
B – the nominal dimensions of a deformed bar are equivalent to those of a plain
round bar having the same weight (mass) per foot (meter) as the deformed bar
PNS 49: Specification for Steel Bars for Concrete
A. Reinforcement Grade and Diameter
Grade Nominal Diameter, mm
230 10 12 16 20 25 - - - - -
275 10 12 16 20 25 28 32 36 40 -
415 10 12 16 20 25 28 32 36 40 50
B. Plain Round Bars

(For general purpose, forging and bright drawing)
Grade Nominal Diameter, mm
230/275/415 10 12 16 20 25 28 32 35 38 42 45 48 50
C. Commercial Lengths for Deformed Bars
Special
Grade Commercial Length, meters
Lengths, m
All grades 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0 13.5 15.0
PNS 49: Mechanical Properties
Minimum Tensile Minimum Yield Strength,

Strengths, MPa MPa
Grade
Non- Non-
Weldable Weldable
Weldable Weldable
230 390 390 230 230
275 480 480 275 275
415 620 550* 415 415**
Note:
* Tensile strength shall not be less than 1.25 times the actual yield strength.
TS/YS for Weldable ³ 1.25
** Yield Strength = 540 MPa maximum
PNS 49: Elongation Requirements
Bar Percent Elongation

Grade Diameter, Non-
mm Weldable
Weldable
< 25 mm 18 20
230
³ 25 mm 16 18
< 25 mm 10 16
275
³ 25 mm 8 14
< 25 mm 8 14
415
7 12
No cracking on outside
Bending Requirement :
bent portion
Variation in Mass, % : ± 6
Phosphorus Content, % : 0.06 Maximum
PNS 49: Elongation Requirements
Nominal Unit Nominal Cross-

Nominal Diameter, mm
Mass, kg/m Sectional, Area, mm2
10 0.616 78.54
12 0.888 113.10
16 1.578 201.06
20 2.466 314.16
25 3.853 490.88
28 4.834 615.75
32 6.313 804.25
36 7.990 1017.88
40 9.865 1256.64
Nominal Cross-Sectional Area, mm2 = _/4 x (nominal diameter)2

Nominal Unit Mass, kg./m = 0.00785 g/mm3 x nominal cross-
sectional area in mm2
PNS 49: Deformation Requirements (mm)
Maximum Lug Height Maximum

Nominal
Average Summation
Diameter Minimum Maximum
Spacing of Gaps
10 7.0 0.4 0.8 7.8
12 8.4 0.5 1.0 9.4
16 11.2 0.7 1.4 12.6
20 14.0 1.0 2.0 15.7
25 17.5 1.2 2.4 19.6
28 19.6 1.4 2.8 22.0
32 22.4 1.6 3.2 25.1
36 25.2 1.8 3.6 27.5
40 28.0 2.0 4.0 31.41

Tension Test Specimen with 50 mm Gauge Length

( Sheet Type )
B A B
W C
G
R
G - Gauge Length - 50 ± 0.10 mm

W - Width 12.50 ± 0.25 mm Maximum Thickness - 19 mm
R - Radius of Fillet Min. 13 mm Range Thickness 0.13 - 19mm
L - Over All Length Min. 200 mm *GI SHEETS
A - Length of Reduced Section Min. 60 mm
B - Length of Grip Section Min. 100 mm
C - Width of Grip Section Approx. 50 mm
source: MECHANICAL TESTING OF STEEL PRODUCTS

AASHTO DESIGNATION: T-244-79 (1986)
(ASTM DESIGNATION: A 370-77e²
AASHTO MATERIALS PART II TESTS 14TH EDITION 1986
page 951
Tension Test Specimen with 200 mm Gauge Length

( Plate Type )
B A B
W C
G
R
G - Gauge Length - 200 ± 0.25 mm

W - Width 40 + 3 mm Minimum Thickness - 5 mm
R - Radius of Fillet Min. 13 mm
L - Over All Length Min. 450 mm
A - Length of Reduced Section Min. 225 mm
B - Length of Grip Section Min. 100 mm
C - Width of Grip Section Approx. 50 mm
RECTANGULAR TEST SPECIMEN

(Plate Type)
PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY

Annex I: Relevant Guidelines and Issuances 381
ANNEX I
Relevant Guidelines
and Issuances
Issuances/Policies
Related to Concrete
Relevant Issuances

of Contractors
Department Order No.: 80, dated April 3, 1990
Subject: Inclusion of the Minimum Materials Testing Equipment in the Prequalification

of Contractors
In consonance with PD 1594 and its implementing rules and regulations as amended 13 April
1988, relative to the prequalification of contractors, and supplemental to Department Order
No. 36, series of 1987, regarding minimum equipment requirements, henceforth, the
evaluation of the contractor’s technical capability and financial capacity by the Prequalification,
Bids and Awards Committee shall include the minimum materials testing equipment to
effectively ensure the incorporation of the right quality of materials in the projects.
This minimum materials testing equipment requirement shall be on a “per contractor” basis,
and not on a “per project”, i.e., the equipment may be used to service several on-going projects
of the contractors.
Annexes 1, 2, and 3 present the list of the Minimum Materials Testing Equipment for Small,
Medium, and Large Contractors, respectively, as categorized under Department Order No.
41, series of 1987, which will form part of the evaluation of the Contractor’s capability.
As such, the list of major materials testing equipment in running condition owned by
Contractor, supported with proofs of ownership, shall be added under Item 2 (Equipment) of
the Technical Aspects, as indicated in the prescribed format for the Contractor’s Confidential
Prequalification Statement (Phase I).
This order shall effect immediately.
FIORELLO R. ESTUAR
Secretary
ANNEX J
Contract Completion
Processes
Annex J: Contract Completion Processes 397
ANNEX J.1
Steps Process
Check/Evaluate all pertinent Project Documents.
1.1 Approved Contracts

1.2 Documents
1.3 Approved Change Orders, Variation Orders, Extra
Work Orders and Supplemental Agreement, if any
1.4 Approved Final Statement of Work Accomplished
1.5 Duly-signed Inspection Reports
1.6 Quality Control Reports and Materials Test Reports
1.7 As-Stake Plans
1.8 As-Built Plans
Quality Control is essential to the success of projects

because it provides as the assurance that the completed
project is of high quality and economical.
It is an important responsibility of the Inspector and every

member of the Inspectorate Team to check/verify what
controls have been established for the project during the
progress of works. This could be done by checking the
records of quality control reports and materials test reports
on file during the inspection.
Step 1
The first step is to check the Quality Control Plan prepared
by the Contractor and approved by the Materials Engineer
of the LGU to ascertain whether the minimum testing
requirements for each item of work were complied with.
The Inspectors should also review the summary of the
status of tests and check whether all the required number
of tests in the approved quality control plan (QCP) were
performed.
The second step is to review the individual materials test

reports to ascertain whether the materials incorporated
into the works conform with the standard specifications.
The inspectors should also exercise vigilance in checking
whether the test reports are correct and authentic.
The third step is to evaluate/check the Certificate of Quality

Control Assurance (CQCA) prepared by the concerned
Project Engineer and Materials Engineer on the quantities
of work accomplished by the Contractor. These reports
attest whether the materials and works delivered conform
with the approved plans and specifications.
Evaluate/verify actual quantity of completed works
Step 2
with attached quantity calculations
Prepare/submit Final Inspection Report
After the joint final inspection, the Inspectorate Team shall

note all the findings/observations in Step 1 and Step 2 in
the Final Inspection Report (See Annex C-33).
The report shall specifically describe what was done and

what was found in comparison to plans and specifications.
Step 3 Photographs, documents and other evidences shall be
attached to the report to substantiate the findings.
If the overall workmanship of the project is acceptable,

materials used are of acceptable quality, and proper
construction methods were observed by the Contractor, the
Inspectorate Team recommends the issuance of Certificate
of Completion (see Step 5).
Direct the Contractor to undertake corrective
measures on noted defects/deficiencies
Any defective works that the inspectors may find during

the conduct of joint final inspection that may be attributed
to poor workmanship, use of substandard materials,
improper construction method, or some other reason shall
be removed and replaced immediately to conform with the
specifications, or else corrected or rectified in a manner
that is approved by and acceptable to the Head of the LGU
Step 4 Engineering Office.
During the process of correcting the noted defects/

deficiencies, the Project Engineer of the LGU should
monitor the activity to assure that the remedies are in
compliance with the plans and specifications. Photographs
should be taken before, during and after correction to
substantiate such corrective actions undertaken by the
Contractor.
The Contractor shall submit a report of corrective

measures undertaken on the noted defects/deficiencies,
together with supporting photographs duly certified by
the concerned Project Engineer, to the Head of the LGU
Engineering Office.
The said reports and photographs shall be endorsed to the

same Inspectorate Team, together with a request for re-
inspection of the project to verify/validate if the corrections
undertaken by the Contractor are compliant with the
recommended actions.
Step 4
The Inspectorate Team shall submit a report to the
cont. Head of the Engineering Office certifying that the noted
defects/deficiencies in the project were rectified by the
Contractor in accordance to the recommended corrections.
However, if the team is not satisfied with such corrections,
appropriate recommendations may be given by them to the
Contractor.
The Head of the LGU Engineering Office shall withhold

the issuance of the Certificate of Completion until such
time that the Contractor is able to comply with the
recommended measures.
Issue the project Certificate of Completion
The LGU Engineering Office issues the Certificate of

Step 5 Completion upon confirmation that the noted defects/
deficiencies have been satisfactorily rectified and that the
completed project is compliant with the approved plans
and specifications.
Annex J.2
Steps Process
Checking/Evaluation of all Pertinent Project
Documents
1.1 Certificate of Substantial Completion

Step 1 1.2 Completion of Punch list work
1.3 Certificate of Acceptance
1.4 Waiver of Lien
1.5 Release of Retention Money
Inspection/verification of the actual condition of the
project and corrective measures undertaken on noted
defects/ deficiencies
Step 2 When conducting the final inspection for acceptance of

a project, the primary activity to be considered by the
members of the Inspectorate Team is to check/verify if the
Contractor has satisfactorily maintained the project during
the one-year Defects
Recording of findings/observation on the project
Step 3 After a thorough ocular inspection, the Inspectorate Team

shall note all the findings/observations in Step 2 in the
Acceptance Report (With Findings) (See Annex C-35).
Monitoring of corrective actions undertaken as

recommended in the Final Inspection Report
Defects/deficiencies noted during the joint final inspection

shall be properly instituted as per recommendation of the
Inspectorate Team.
Step 4 During the correction process, the Project Engineer of the
concerned LGU’s Engineering Office shall monitor the
correction(s) made by the Contractor to check if the works
are carried out in accordance with the recommended
corrections of the Inspectorate Team and with the plans
and specifications.
All corrections done by the Contractor shall be recorded

and supported by photographs taken before, during and
Step 4 after corrections.
cont.
These records shall be made available to the next
inspectorate team for final acceptance.
Preparation of Final Acceptance Report
If the Inspectorate Team, after a thorough ocular

inspection, finds out that: (i) the completed project has
been satisfactorily maintained at an acceptable condition
within the one (1) year maintenance period; (ii) all
deficiencies noted in previous inspections, including the
final one, had been properly corrected as per judgement
Step 5
of the Inspectorate Team; and (iii) said defects/deficiencies
do not affect the structure, the report shall be prepared and
patterned after the format indicated under DPWH D.O. No.
53 series of 1994.
See Annex C24 – C25. for the standard format for the final
acceptance report
Issuance of Certificate of Acceptance
The LGU issues the Certificate of Acceptance after the

one-year Defects Liability Period. The Certificate shall be
issued after the submission of an Acceptance Report by
Step 6
the Inspectorate Team.
See Annex C26 for the standard format for Certificate of

Acceptance.
Notes
Notes

QAQC Guidebook

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

QAQC Guidebook

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Preface 1

CMGP Manuals No. 02: QA Guidebook

Local Road Projects

UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to

Office of the Project Development Services

Paving the Roads to the Sustainable Development Goals

Today, there is recognition that road management is no

The development of the guidebook is part of the

The guidebook was built upon the Construction Quality

As one of the indicators of good governance, quality

FOREWORD FROM DILG

This guidebook is also intended to promote good

Experience has shown that roads are more than

education, health, and social services, among others.

Taking this one step further, local roads can also be

By practicing good resources management, we aim to

This guidebook complements the Local Road

We hope that this guide book will be used as mechanisms

This is our contribution in helping bring forth progress,

MESSAGE FROM UNDP

UNDP’s Paving the Roads to SDGs through Good

Through Roads2SDGs, DILG and UNDP are working

reforms. In addition, Roads2SDGs will strengthen

This guidebook forms part of the quality assurance

I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

II. QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES IN

II.1. Pre-Construction Phase. . . . 37

II.3. Completion Phase. . . . . 85

II.3.2. Contract Completion. . . . 86

III. Practical Measures for Problems Encountered

III.1. Precautions in Materials Testing and Quality Control. 88

IV. ANNEXES. . . . . . . 123

Schedule of Minimum Testing Requirements

AASHTO Standards in Material Testing

Quality Control Assurance Reports

Test Reports, Certificates and Inspection Reports

Data and References

Relevant Guidelines and Issuances

Table 1 Specifications and References. . . 38

Remedial Measures. . . . 119

Figure 1 Roads to SDGs Framework. . . 19

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AASHTO American Association of State Highway

CQCA Certificate of Quality Control Assurance

1.1 Introduction and Overview

I. Introduction and Overview

Roads are important in promoting economic and social development.

LGUs, however, face various challenges in carrying out this function.

Given these investments, it is important to ensure the sustainability

This Local Road Projects Quality Control & Quality Assurance

road management and reference standards for the rehabilitation and

DILG-UNDP Partnership: Paving the Roads to SDGs Through Good

CMGP is not just a road

This guidebook aims to serve as a common reference for LGUs in

I.3. USERS OF THE GUIDEBOOK

This guidebook is intended primarily for local government units. It is also

I.4. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE GUIDEBOOK

This guidebook shall be used as a supplemental reference to the Local

Part I provides an overview of Quality Assurance and Quality

Part II discusses the Quality

Part III provides practical tips in determining malpractices in

Part IV contains relevant guidelines, policies, and standards

I.5. OVERVIEW OF QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL