San Fernando Zoning Ordinance

Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City of San Fernando, Pampanga 2012-2021
EXCERPTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE 100TH REGULAR SESSION OF

THE 4TH SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD OF THE CITY OF SAN
FERNANDO, PAMPANGA HELD AT THE SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD
SESSION HALL, STO. ROSARIO, CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA ON
THE 20TH DAY OF JUNE 2012
PRESENT:
Hon. EDWIN D. SANTIAGO ……………… Presiding Officer

Hon. RENATO G. AGUSTIN …………… Presiding Officer
Pro-Tempore
Hon. JAIME T.LAZATIN ………………. Member
Hon. NOEL T. TULABUT ………………. Member
Hon. RALPH DANIEL M. HENSON ….. Member
Hon. RUPERTO D. DUMLAO …………… Member
Hon. JOSELITO R. OCAMPO …………… Member
Hon. REDENTOR S. HALILI …………..… Member
Hon. ALEX F. PATIO ……………………. Member
Hon. ROSEMARY G. CALIMLIM ……….. Member
ABSENT:
Hon. ARNEL G. SICAT …………………… Member (LBC Pres.)

Hon. AYZEL MARI-GRACE N. MACALINO .. Member
Hon. CARLA JEAN M. PANGANIBAN.............. Member (SK Fed. Pres.)
ORDINANCE NO. 2012-007

Authors/Sponsors:
Honorable Rosemary G. Calimlim
Honorable Noel T. Tulabut
AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE COMPREHENSIVE

LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE OF THE
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA FOR C.Y. 2012-
2021
BE IT ORDAINED by the Sangguniang Panlungsod of the City of San
Fernando, Pampanga in session assembled to adopt the following ordinance:
“THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING

ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA
FOR C.Y. 2012-2021”
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COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF

THE CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA
2012 – 2021
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
The Local Government Code of 1991 (LGC) reserves the responsibility of

land use zoning to municipal and city governments. Section 20 of the LGC
mandates Local Government Units (LGUs) to prepare a Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) that shall be enacted through a Zoning Ordinance (ZO). The CLUP
shall guide its long term physical, socio-economic and institutional development.
It shall serve as the principal blue print and management tool for the long-term
physical development of the municipality or city. As the skeletal-circulatory
framework of the city’s physical development, it identifies areas where
development can and cannot be located and directs public and private
investments accordingly.
A. Background
The planning period of the current CLUP and ZO of the City of San
Fernando shall expire on December 31, 2011. In its desire to formulate an
updated CLUP and ZO, the City Government sought the assistance of the
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Regional Office 3 to which
the latter agreed through a Memorandum of Undertaking (MoU) perfected by
both parties in 2011.
A technical assistance team was formed and commissioned by the NEDA 3

while a city counterpart team was organized through the leadership and
coordination of the City Planning and Development Office (CPDO). An
organizational meeting was then held to flesh out a detailed action plan and to
brief the city counterpart team of the process that shall be undertaken. Their
roles were likewise elaborated and the data needs and gaps were identified.
B. The Planning Area
The CLUP is regarded as a plan for the long-term management of the local
territory. Hence, the term “comprehensive” in CLUP is understood in its
geographical and territorial sense.
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In this report, the

planning area is understood to
cover the whole territory of the
City of San Fernando,
Pampanga covering some
6,900 hectares as shown in the
shaded area of the map
(Figure 1). It is bounded on
the north by the Highly
Urbanized City of Angeles, on
the east by the Municipality of
Mexico, on the south by the
Municipality of San Matias and
on the west by the Municipality
of Bacolor. The prevalence of
external factors that may bear
on the land use mix of the City
makes it imperative for the
said municipalities for consideration in the analyses.
C. Planning Process and Limitations
The CSFP-CLUP was prepared

generally following the
planning process advanced by
Professor Ernesto Serote
shown in Figure 2. The whole
process may be simplified into
three distinct phases as
follows: (1) Generation of the
planning database consisting
of statistics and maps and
analytical tools and techniques
to derive various indicators of
development or
underdevelopment, of
problems and constraints as
well as opportunities and
challenges for development;
(2) Revalidating and
operationally defining the
existing vision statement; and, (3) Formulation of the CLUP and drafting of the
ZO.
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Geographic Information System software (commercial and freeware) were

used in the generation of the spatial database and the consequent spatial
analyses. The existing land use map was enriched and updated using satellite
images of the planning area that were downloaded from internet sites that offer
them free of charge especially Google Earth.
D. The CLUP and its Relation to Other Plans
The provisions of the Local Government Code require LGUs to prepare two
plans: the CLUP and the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). The CLUP and
the CDP are distinct and separate. Their relationship together with the Executive
and Legislative Agenda may be gleaned from Figure 3.
The former is a skeletal-circulatory

framework of the territory’s physical
development whereas the CDP is an
action plan used by each local
administration to identify, formulate
and implement priority sectoral and
cross-sectoral programs and projects in
the proper locations “to put flesh on
the skeleton as it were, gradually and
incrementally, until the desired shape
or form of development is eventually
attained over the long term”.
The Executive and Legislative

Agenda (ELA) covers a 3-year period
corresponding to the term of local
elective officials that is mutually developed and agreed upon by both the
executive and the legislative departments of the LGU. It is not meant to replace
or duplicate existing plans of LGUs but to add value to the CLUP and the CDP by
moving them forward to getting implemented and monitored.
Completion of the CLUP ahead of the CDP is desired to ensure that the
location policies in the CLUP will guide the identification, screening, and
prioritization of programs and projects in the CDP.
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Chapter 2
THE PLANNING ENVIRONMENT
The present and future utilization of the city’s land resources is and shall be
shaped by external and internal factors affecting the City’s development. In
order to influence the future extent and intensity of preferred uses, these factors
and their implications need to be considered in the analysis of the planning area.
Such analyses and appreciation will lead to the surfacing of key policy issues,
physical development potentials and limitations, socio-economic trends, and
institutional conditions an understanding of which can facilitate the realization of
the plan that shall be formulated.
This Chapter discusses external and internal factors—the former being

those policies, events or physical conditions over which the city has no power to
control, regulate or influence despite their implications on its development
conditions. Such factors give rise
to opportunities that should be
identified and grabbed to facilitate
its pursuit of its long term vision.
Threats can also arise from such
externalities and their
identification can be used in
determining courses of action or
the adoption of policy alternatives
that can diminish their negative
influences over the city’s
development path.
Strengths and weaknesses of

the City of San Fernando can be
surfaced through the analyses of
its internal conditions or factors
over which the City has a direct
influence.
A. External Factors that may affect CSFP’s Land Uses
1. Capital City of the Province of Pampanga
Being the capital city of the Province of Pampanga, the City of San
Fernando hosts the seat of the provincial government. As such, it plays a
significant role in the movement of people from all over the province. The
natural tendency of the people from all component municipalities to
regularly visit the City has made it into a bustling commercial area and
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service provider. It has also become a government service center for the
whole province.
The natural concentration of people in the city which we may conclude

to happen during daytimes of workdays, may have become the key factor in
the establishment of secondary and tertiary economic activities in the city.

Such growth in economic activities also resulted to expansion of built-up
areas that is apparent in the land use maps in three different times shown
overleaf.
The eruption of Mt.

Pinatubo in 1991 did not
diminish the attractiveness
of the City to people
although the direction of
urban expansion was
influenced by the series of
lahar flow events and the
subsequent flooding
regimes resulting from the
clogging of drainage ways
especially the San
Fernando River. The
population of the City
grew overnight when
families in lahar affected
areas in neighboring
municipalities moved in relocation sites the most notable of which is in
Bulaon. Since then Bulaon has become a major population center in the
mid eastern part of the City.
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As the provincial capital city of Pampanga, it has become the second

most populous LGU second to Angeles City. This is apparent in the
hierarchy of settlements mapped in Figure 6 using the results of the August
2007 Census of Population. The attractiveness of the City to population is
expected to continue as levels of services available increase over time.
2. Located in the Upper Low-lying Areas of Pampanga River Basin
The City of San Fernando lies within the northern and higher part of
the floodplains of Pampanga Basin, which has an extensive catchment area
of one million hectares as may be seen in Figure 7 below. A bigger portion
of the City area has higher elevation although its southern area is part of
Pampanga River Basin’s floodplains. Thus, floodwaters pose a real threat to
the City’s physical development as may be apparent in succeeding
discussions on land use trends. The bigger threat from the slopes of Mt.
Pinatubo was addressed through the construction of the FVR Mega Dike
that contained lahar flows within the Pasig-Potrero River System.
Figure 7 Elevation Zones in the Pampanga River Basin
Source: JICA & NWRB 2011
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Within Pampanga River Basin can be found three sub-basins, namely:

(1) the Main Pampanga River Basin (has the largest catchment area of
7,978km2 and the longest channel length of 265km); (2) Pasac River Basin;
and, (3) Angat River Basin. Pampanga River originates in Caraballo
Mountains on the north of the study area, and flows into Pantabangan
storage dam. The upstream stretch of the river above the dam is often
called as Pantabangan River. After passing the dam, the river further flows
southward meeting with several tributaries and finally emptying into Manila
Bay.
Pasac river basin covers various river channels running on the eastern
slope of Mt. Pinatubo, such as Abacan-San Fernando River, Pasig-Potrero
River and Porac-Gumain River. All the rivers originate in Mt. Pinatubo, and
flow into Manila Bay. The total catchment area of the river basin is about
1,371km2. In the lower reaches, the river system is connected to the
Pampanga Main River by Bebe-San Esteban Cutoff Channel. The
morphologies of Pasac River have been much affected by the eruption of
Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. The river alignments have changed due to the
mudflow produced by the eruption and serious sediment deposit in the river
channel is still in progress up to the present.
Angat river basin originates in Sierra Madre Mountains and flows into
Angat storage dam meandering through a narrow valley. In the lower
reaches of the dam, the river flows westward and finally empties into
Manila Bay through Labangan Floodway. There is a small connecting
channel with Pampanga River, which is called Bagbag River. The total
length of the main stream of Angat River is 153km and the total catchment
area is about 1,085km2.
The threat of flooding in the southern portion of the City has been
minimized with the on-going implementation of Phase 3B of the Pinatubo
Hazard Urgent Mitigation Project (PHUMP 3B). Started in 2008, the project,
once completed in April 2015, shall increase the capacity of rivers, creeks
and drainage systems including that of San Fernando River thereby
reducing the flood occurences in said area.
The construction of PHUMP 3B (summarized in Figure 8) aims to

reduce damages to properties from perennial flooding by reducing flood
level and flooding duration in the City of San Fernando and the adjacent
towns of Mexico and Santo Tomas. Though countermeasures for flood
control and storm drainage improvement have been conducted for the last
10 years, frequency of flooding and inundation are still high. This can be
attributed to inadequate capacity of existing drainage systems to
accommodate excess run off from Angeles-Mexico areas and the change of
topography as a result of the eruption and post eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
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Figure 8 Development Plan of PHUMP 3B
The most recent flooding event that submerged the low-lying areas of
Bulacan and Pampanga from Typhoon Pedring attested to the efficacy of
the project as floodwaters receded quickly in some areas of San Fernando
while the other parts that were historically flooded were not submerged.
3. National and Regional Development Initiatives
Externalities to San Fernando’s physical development arise from

regional and national government policies and initiatives in pursuit of
regional and national development focused on inclusive growth, poverty
alleviation and sustainable development.
The City’s role in regional development is heightened by its being the

regional center and host to regional government agency offices. The latter
is a major cause of population movement into the City.
Its role in Central Luzon’s development priorities may be appreciated

through its interaction with the special development areas of Subic Bay
Freeport Zone, Clark Special Economic Zone and Hacienda Luisita in Tarlac.
This is further complemented by the City’s being at the crossroad of the
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major north-south (NLEx and MacArthur Highway) and east-west (Gapan-

San-Fernando-Olongapo Road) transport links.
In the final report of the Subic Clark Alliance for Development (SCAD)
Corridor Conceptual Land Use Plan prepared by the SCAD Council in 2009,
the City of San Fernando is an integral part of the Metro Clark Area which
forms the core of the tripolar corridor development. Together with
Mabalacat, Bamban and Angeles City, it supports the development of the
―air hub‖ of the corridor. As such it is expected to serve as the
geographical and economic center of the Corridor, of Pampanga and of
Central Luzon. It shall also provide higher order urban functions and
services such as political-administrative, commercial-business, institutional,
educational-cultural, transportation-utility center, among others.
The current and emerging role of the City of San Fernando vis-à-vis
the SCAD Corridor makes it, hence, imperative to identify areas for
expansion of higher order land uses such as commercial, residential,
institutional and industrial with due consideration of ecological integrity and
other sustainable land use principles.
Figure 9 Google Earth Satellite Image of Pampanga

overlay with municipal and city boundaries, major roads
and extent of built-up areas as of 2007.
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4. Strategic Location and Accessibility
The City of San Fernando is strategically located at the heart of Central

Luzon. One has to pass through the City to be able to go to any provinces
from all directions, be it north to Tarlac and Pangasinan, west to Bataan
and Zambales, east to Nueva Ecija and south to Bulacan and onwards to
Metro Manila. Thus, it has established its role as the regional growth center,
the center of commerce and trade in the region. The City also plays a
pivotal role in the evolution of Central Luzon because of its strategic
location and high-competitive indices. The City of San Fernando will be the
major catalyst in the mega-region where the convergence of competencies,
opportunities and resources will symbiotically catapult the city into the
socio-economic limelight of the country.
With the City’s inherent role as a major economic and service center of
Central Luzon together with its emerging role with the Metro Clark area, it is
not surprising that its day time population is much greater than its night
time population. However, its attraction as a settlement center does not
diminish but continues to increase with the development of the CSEZ
because of proximity, presence of tertiary services and facilities, and a
relatively well-developed infrastructure and utilities backbones.
The increasing demand for lands to be used for higher order land uses
to support the above trend is a major issue that the CLUP needs to contend
with.
5. Disaster Risks and Climate Change
Scientists and experts say climate change is now happening as

manifested by the increasing frequency of higher intensity climatic events
worldwide. In the case of San Fernando, resiliency to climate change and
its impacts is a major concern of the local government considering its
location and large number of residents and visitors, the high value of
physical capital within its territory, and the potential impact of climate
change on regional economic development.
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2012-2021
The recent study conducted by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau

(MGB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
through the READY Project identified the flooding susceptible areas in the
City in three categories as shown in Figure 10 above. As expected, the
southern portion of the City is highly susceptible including those within the
vicinity of natural drainage ways such as streams and creeks. However,
there are extensive areas with flooding susceptibilities that are moderate or
low.
Around 30 percent of the total land area of the City is prone to

flooding and even all-season roads are not spared. Despite the
improvement in the drainage canals along McArthur Highway, during rainy
season, the floodwaters coming from Angeles City and Bacolor and flowing
down southward continuously pose as hazards to motorists forcibly slowing
down vehicular motion. The situation slows down economic activities, leads
to economic losses including loss of life and limbs attributed to vehicular
accidents.
As earlier mentioned, San Fernando River at the southern end is the

main drainage way for surface runoff and flood waters in the City. This is
fed by four creeks namely St. Jude, Maimpis, Calulut, and Mapalad Creek.
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Schematically, the network of creeks in the City is depicted in the following

diagram:
Figure 11 Network of Four Creeks
Calulut
Creek
Baliti
Creek Sindalan Sto Cristo Creek
Creek
St. Jude
City
Creek
Boundary
Maimpis
Sn Isidro Creek San
Creek Fernando
Del Carmen
River River
Maglima
n Creek
At first glance, one may easily conclude that the City is well-drained by
the network of four creeks. However, as may be seen in the diagram
above, the flow of these four creeks captured on a 7,000-hectare drainage
area converge at San Fernando River which may be found traversing the
lower portions at the south of the City.
It is worth noting that the headwaters of Calulut Creek which is a

major tributary of Del Carmen River originate from Angeles City and passes
through an extensive high density urban built up area of the City before it
enters the bounds of San Fernando City. It is no wonder that during heavy
rains, the resulting high volume flow in Calulut Creek is accompanied by
solid wastes and other debris as may be seen in the picture below.
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The southern part of the City serves as a catch basin for all runoff
falling within the four mini
watersheds shown in
Figure 12. This would
mean that if all of the rain
that falls within the
watersheds is conveyed
through the drainage
network, every inch of
rainfall would result to
volume of run-off of some
1.7 million cubic meters
that shall accumulate at
the southern portion of
the City assuming that
the run-off shall not be
drained out. This is the
main reason that the same areas are susceptible to siltation and flooding
either recurrent or floods that last for less than a week.
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Much against the will of the City officials and its people, CSF is a natural
recipient of floodwater generated from sources outside of the City’s political
boundaries. Natural causes wrought by the Pinatubo-sourced lahars exacerbated
the flooding problem in mid-1990. Greater variation in natural elevation between
and among CSF and its neighbors particularly Bacolor and Angeles City carry with
it not only floodwater but even solid wastes and other debris which the City has
to address.
To add insult to injury, public disregard of the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act leads to using the existing drainage canals of the City as sewers
for their wastes. This has been impairing the integrity of even the City’s newly
built canals and may aggravate the flooding problem.
The City’s changed natural landscape and the consequences of climate

change are areas needing greater focus. The City is at the forefront of the
concern to win over or mitigate the anticipated ill-effects of disasters. The
challenge is not only to mainstream Disaster Risks Reduction (DRR) in planning
but to ensure that what has been determined as disaster-risks reducing Projects
shall be given budgetary support.
B. Internal Conditions that Bear on CSFP’s Land Uses
1. CSFP’s Development Vision, Goals and Development Directions
―Habitat of Human Excellence‖… The end-state of all development

initiatives of the City of San Fernando by year 2030 is a place of domicile for
people who have attained a level of dignity and who have achieved freedom
to privately appropriate goods and services and productive resources with
little or no interference from government. The same people are cut above
the rest as borne out by their high family incomes, free access to quality
health and education services and productive assets and can freely decide
on their unique contributions to the general welfare. They are a people
whose independent exercise of political and civil rights is guaranteed
primarily by their decent socio-economic status protected by a credible legal
framework.
―Global Gateway‖… In pursuing the end state, the City shall have become a
global gateway by 2020 and has appreciated and knowingly used the
opportunities opened by its proximity and easy access to the Subic Clark
Alliance for Development Corridor. Thus, during this time, tertiary level
services and facilities are readily accessible to residents of San Fernando
and the influence area of SCAD Corridor. Aside from that, the international
business processes outsourcing community prefers the services of the City’s
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labor force due to high interconnectivity, dependability, high quality and the
presence of responsive support services.
The City is physically connected to the international port of Subic and

bustling international airport of Clark through a network of roads and rapid
railways transport network with levels of service that keeps pace with the
increasing demand.
―Gateway to North Philippines, Regional Center of Central Luzon, and

Champion of Good Urban Governance‖... In the immediate to the medium
term, the City shall endeavor to be effective in its role in regional
development as a gateway to North Philippines and seat of the regional
government. At the same time, it shall have instituted governance systems
and processes that support the provision of effective services to its people
and clientele.
San Fernando’s strategic location being on a major north-south and east-

west crossroad makes it a natural gateway to all four directions of the
Central Luzon. This role was a consideration in the recent approval of the
widening of the Jose Abad Santos Avenue sections that traverses the city.
The high traffic volume that passes through the MacArthur highway
between Barangays Dolores and Telabastagan was also a key in the
implementation of its widening to six lanes. However, to date, the widening
project was stalled because of some environmental issues raised against the
cutting of century old trees along the road right of way especially between
the Baliti-Telabastagan section.
The City’s initiatives in improving governance systems has already earned it

several major national and international awards in recognition of their
trailblazing and effectiveness in bringing the local government nearer to the
people.
2. Land Area and Political Boundaries
The City is subdivided into thirty five barangays with a total land area
of some 6,800 hectares (Please refere to Table 1 below for land areas for
each barangay as provided by the City Assessor’s Office). It is a component
city that was founded in 1755 that originally included the present day towns
of Bacolor and Mexico and became the capital of Pampanga in 1904. San
Fernando became the 99th City of the Republic of the Philippines on
February 4, 2001 by virtue of Republic Act 8990.
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Table 1 Barangays of City of San Fernando by Land Area
Area Area Area

Barangay Barangay Barangay
(has.) (has.) (has)
Alasas 127 Lourdes 51 San Isidro 140
Baliti 198 Magliman 138 San Jose 322
Bulaon 166 Maimpis 254 San Juan 241
Calulut 475 Malino 168 San Nicolas 80
Del Carmen 309 Malpitic 131 San Pedro 224
Del Pilar 71 Pandaras 167 Sta. Lucia 87
Del Rosario 165 Panipuan 436 Sta. Teresita 81
Dela Paz 170 Pulung Bulu 104 Sto. Niño 136
Norte
Dela Paz 157 Quebiawan 234 Sto. Rosario 85
Sur (Poblacion)
Dolores 256 Saguin 105 Sindalan 327
Juliana 52 San Agustin 295 Telabastagan 191
Lara 335 San Felipe 296 TOTAL 6,774
Source: CLUP 2001-2006
Despite the seeming completeness of barangay political boundaries,

there are several barangays that are not satisfied with the current
delineations. In the on-going STAR Barangay project where barangays
development plans are prepared by stakeholders with the city planning
office providing a catalytic role, boundary disputes have been identified as a
major issue that needs to be addressed in order to sustain cooperation
between and among adjacent barangays. As an example, the boundary
dispute between Barangays Calulut and Sindalan has been a source of
strain in inter-barangay relations.
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2012-2021
3. Population and Demographics
Population Level and Distribution. The analyses of the population of the

City of San Fernando were based on results of the National Census of
Population in May 1, 2000 and August 1, 2007. The urban characteristic of
the City calls for a spatial distribution analyses focused on the built-up areas
using estimates from the NAMRIA topographic map 2007 edition that shows
high density and low density residential areas including major buildings and
infrastructures. In terms of population movement, barangay level analyses
were conducted using data from the local civil registrar to account for
natural population components.
In August 2007, there were some 269,365 persons residing in the City
of San Fernando. This represents around 14 percent of Pampanga’s
population and 2.8 percent of Central Luzon. In the same year and using
the same census data, two out of every three residents belong to the
economically active age group resulting to an economic dependency ratio of
around 57 percent (Table 2). This heightens the need for higher order
economic activities to generate employment for those in the economically
active age group.
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Figure 14 Population by Barangay, 2007 and 2000
Population levels in 2007 by Table 2 Population by Age Group and

Barangay show a centrality of four Dependency Ratio, August 2007
barangays which recorded more
Particulars
than 15,000 residents each Both
Population by Male Female
(Sindalan, San Agustin, Dolores and Sexes
Age Group
Bulaon). The extensive
0 to 14 86,712 44,657 42,055
resettlement site of Bulaon after the
15 to 64 170,729 85,618 85,111
eruption of Mt. Pinatubo is the sole
65 and above 10,536 4,407 6,129
reason for its very high population.
Dependency 36.29 36.43 36.15
Through the years, it became the
Ratio (%)
highest populated barangay in the
Source: 2007 Census of Population, NSO
City. On the other hand, the high
population levels of the other three
barangays may be attributed to voluntary location and their strategic
location. Dolores and Sindalan are in cross roads while San Agustin is very
proximate to them. (Figure 14)
Fourteen other barangays have population levels between 5,000 and

15,000 persons. Barangays in and around the old town center compose the
core of these barangays.
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Population Density. As may

be seen in Figure 15 there is
a wide variation in the
densities across barangays.
The five most densely
populated barangays, are:
Bulaon, Lourdes, Sta.
Teresita, San Nicolas and
Juliana. Except for Bulaon,
these barangays are part of
the cluster of old town center
barangays. Between 2000
and 2007, except for three
barangays (Del Pilar, Malino
and San Jose) all registered
increases in densities. San
Nicolas registered the highest
increase in population
density.
There is an observed
clustering of the medium-
densities in barangays that
have recently experienced
built-up expansion resulting
from the land use adjustments in response to the post Mt. Pinatubo
eruption in 1991.
After the eruption of

Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, the
built-up area expanded
on both sides of
MacArthur Highway.
Businesses opened up
along the stretch of this
main road going towards
Angeles City. The
improvements of the
intersection of Olongapo-
Gapan Road (now Jose
Abad Santos Avenue)
with MacArthur highway
further served as a
magnet to private
investments as new
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businesses including financing institutions located on the corridor. The

Dolores intersection became a business node. Other complementary land
uses such as residential, service establishments, and entertainment
expanded from this node. This resulted to the development of the present
high population density built-up areas as may be seen in Figure 16.
Population Growth Components. Household population of three barangays

decreased between 2000 and 2007 as may be seen in Figure 17 which is
consistent with the observed decrease in densities earlier. It should be
noted that the fastest growing barangays are found in the peripheries at the
west and east of MacArthur highway while the medium growth barangays
are adjacent.
With the exception of Barangay Pulungbulu that was created only in

2002, eight barangays registered population increases of more than 2,000
persons each (Barangays Calulut, Lara, Panipuan, Quebiawan, San Agustin,
San Pedro, Sindalan and Telabastagan).
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In an effort to better appreciate the components of the population

changes by barangay, the migration trends were estimated by deducting
the population natural increase from the changes in population by barangay
between 01 May 2000 and 01 August 2007. The results are summarized in
Figure 18. Twelve of the City’s 35 barangays have lost residents through
migration.
The biggest net outmigration barangays are Del Pilar, San Jose,
Malino, Dolores and Bulaon. The high net outmigration from Bulaon may
either be a trend among those resettled from other places to be returning
to their original places twenty years after the eruption of Pinatubo. It may
also be an indication of economically active population going to other places
in search for jobs and other opportunities. The high net outmigration from
Dolores may be a result of the recent resettlement of families living
informally along the right of way of the Philippine National Railways into the
Northville resettlement. In the case of San Jose, the high outmigration
maybe a response to economic pressures as more families need
employment and livelihood opportunities.
Figure 19 Migration by Barangay, 01 May 2000 to 01 August 2007
In contrast, the high net inmigration into Telabastagan may be a result

of its being a receiver of development spillovers of Angeles City. It has
become a favored area for built development since the completion of the
Telabastagan-Friendship Road was completed. It is also located adjacent to
Angeles City’s private industrial parks and a desired route to the built
development of Bacolor.
The case of Barangay Panipuan may be a result of the location of

manufacturing and agri-industrial companies in the Panipuan-Baliti area.
The same may be true with Barangay Lara as new manufacturing and agri-
industries have located in the vicinity of Saguin, Dela Paz Norte and Sur.
Barangay Quebiawan is strategically located adjacent to the San Miguel
22 | P a g e
Corporation plant and other manufacturing industries. It is also accessible

to the commercial areas of San Fernando.
2020 Population Projections. The planning team estimates that assuming

the current trend of population growth shall continue until 2020, about
381,335 persons shall be residing in the City. The chart in Figure 20 shows
that Bulaon shall continue to be the most populated barangay followed by
San Agustin, Dolores, Sindalan, San Pedro and Quebiawan. Should the
outmigration issues be reversed Barangay Dolores shall be the second most
populated followed by San Agustin, Sindalan, and San Jose that shall have
more than 20,000 residents each.
4. Land Resources and Physical Characteristics
Topography and Slope. The

whole coverage of the City of
San Fernando has almost flat
topography with no distinct
natural landmark except for the
San Fernando River that crosses
the width at the southern end.
It is shaped like a rectangle

(around 4 kilometers wide by 12
kilometers long) that is inclined
by 45 degrees from a south-
north line. It is around 14
kilometers southwest of Mt.
Arayat, the most pronounced
landform in the Central Plains of
Central Luzon, and adjacent to
23 | P a g e
the southeast of Angeles City. On its western side is the east Mega Dike
that was built after lahar flows threatened the City in 1995.
The City is relatively in a flatland area with elevations between 70 and

5 meters above mean sea level (Figure 21) and an average slope of 0.54
percent.
Water Supply Services. The provision of adequate, clean and affordable

water is one of the most important services of local governments. It falls
under their responsibility through the local water districts. However, in
cases where public water supply is inadequate, it is augmented by private
individual sources. In other cases, commercial establishments, large
industries and/or private housing subdivisions usually install their own
independent systems to ensure water supply availability.
San Fernando has a population Table 3. No. of Connections, Average

of about 270,850. At present, the Consumption
City of San Fernando Water District Average
(CSFWD) has its water service Type of No. of
Water
facilities available in 35 barangays Consumer Connections
Consumption
with 28,994 total number of active Domestic 27,578 29.33 L/Hr
connectors as of February 1, 2011. Commercial 1,276 50.45 L/Hr
Most of the areas served by the Industrial 0 0
system enjoy 24-hour water supply. Others 140 (Gov’t)
Total 28,994
Source: CSFWD
CSFWD supplies water to its concessionaires from various sources

located in Moras Dela Paz, Sto. Tomas and San Matias, Sto. Tomas. Its
spring sources could be found in Brgy. Dolores. There are pumping stations
and booster pumps distributed within the City proper and various
barangays. Water is distributed through a pipeline network with pipe sizes
ranging from 4 inches to 12 inches in diameter. The system also includes
water storage facilities.
Existing Land Uses and Land Classifications. The existing land uses in 2010
was derived by updating the land classification map prepared for the
previous CLUP of San Fernando through a combination of overlaying with
Google earth satellite images and field validation. The resulting existing
land use map is presented as Figure 22. It shows the trend of built
development on both sides of MacArthur Highway while manufacturing and
agri-industries are found in areas accessible through the same highway.
The agricultural lands are on the peripheries east and west of MacArthur
24 | P a g e
Highway in addition to those in the southern part of the City. Commercial

development is observed to be following immediately on both sides of the
same highway. The commercial development is interspersed with
institutional uses the biggest of which is the 18-hectare regional
government center in Barangay Maimpis.
Figure 22 Existing Land Use Map
25 | P a g e
Soils. The Soil Map shown in Figure 23 highlights the extensive sandy
areas in the City. The internal drainage of the soil is excellent and thus may
not be conducive to the production of crops that require submerged
conditions such as rice. Silt loam can be found in the southern portion of
the City, the same area that serves as catch basin of surface runoff flowing
in the San Fernando River.
The soil condition is ideal for built development although the subsoil
conditions may prove otherwise. Studies conducted by the National Water
Resources Board (NWRB) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA) in 2010 reveal that extensive areas in the City may not be able to
support high rise building development.
Geology. Figures 24, 25 and
26 shows that the underlying
geologic formation in San
Fernando is alluvium. The
City is on top of productive
aquifer. However, a study
conducted in 2008 reveal that
groundwater in the area is at
high risk despite the present
good qualities of water from
various pumping stations.
Transportation and Traffic.

Transport development
directly contributes to the
improvement in the standard
of living. Roads provide
access to various institutions
and connect people and
resources. Urban mass
transit saves time and
expense. Inter-city passenger
transport makes more convenient for people to travel either for business or
recreation. In addition, transport development can immediately spur
economic growth, i.e., by reducing the costs of doing business.
26 | P a g e
27 | P a g e
Roads. There are Table 4. Inventory of Roads as of October 2010

two interregional Total Road Surface (in kms.) % of
Administrative
arterial roads and Classification
Length
Concrete Asphalt
Gravel/ Unpaved
one major east- (in kms.) Earth /Total
National 38.67 12.01 26.65 0 0
west lateral
Provincial 5.59 5.59 0 0 0
connection City 3.23 2.33 .90 0 0
passing through Barangay 232.64 177.45 0 55.19 0
the City of San Total 280.13 197.38 27.55 55.19 19.7
Fernando, namely: Source: Engineering Office, CSFP.
MacArthur
Highway or Manila North Road (MNR), North Luzon Expressway (NLEx) and
the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (JASA) formerly known as Gapan–San
Fernando-Olongapo (GSO) road respectively.
Table 4 shows the road inventory of the City of San Fernando as of

October 2010. The City has a total road length of 280.13 kilometers with
classified National accounting for 13.8 percent, Provincial 2.0 percent, City
1.2 percent and Barangay 83.1 percent. Except for the remaining 55.19
kms. of barangay roads, almost all of these roads are already paved, either
concrete or asphalt. The local roads are regularly maintained by the City
Government in coordination with the Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH).
Figure 27. Road Network Map
2012-2021
28 | P a g e
The road density of the City was computed at 4.14 kms. of road per
km . of land which is way above the national standard of 1.00 km. per km2.
2
There are a total 33 bridges within San Fernando. Per latest assessment of
the City Engineer’s Office, six needs rehabilitation while another five are
being proposed for construction.
Despite the high road density, it may be seen from Figure 27 and
Table 4 that the road network is mainly composed of barangay roads and
these have limited carriageways and often road rights of way. The built
development has been concentrated on a corridor on both sides of
MacArthur Highway and the barangays and other local roads connect the
built-up areas to it. Jose Abad Santos Avenue is the only major road on an
east-west direction despite the 12-kilometers length of MacArthur Highway.
The level of service of MacArthur Highway has increased with the

recent completion of its widening from Dolores up to Baliti. The proposed
widening from Baliti onwards to Angeles City was held in abeyance due to
the opposition of some environmentalists as the project entails the cutting
of some century-old acacia trees.
Running almost parallel east of MacArthur is the Del Carmen-Bulaon-

Calulut-Baliti-Panipuan road. This road serves as an alternate north-south
road although its level of service is limited by its narrow carriageway and
pot hole riddled road surface. Ingress and egress to this alternate road is
only through three roads in Sampaloc, Sindalan and Baliti. These access
roads themselves have very limited carriageways except for the MacArthur-
Baliti road which has been widened due to high volume of truck traffic.
Road Transportation Services and Facilities. The mode of public transport

in the City of San Fernando is purely road-based consisting largely of
jeepneys for primary routes, tricycles, pedicabs and kalesas for feeder
routes. Buses are available for long-distance travels. There are bus
companies serving the City inward to other destinations such as Victory
Liner Inc., Genesis Transport Service, Inc., Bataan Transit Co., Inc. (BTCI)
among others. The buses load and unload passengers in the city central
terminal and in the parking area of Robinson’s Starmalls (for Victory Liner
buses) and the Mexico side parking area of SM Mall. Taxi service is not that
well-established, however, there are some groups operating independently.
The City also serves as a terminus for jeeps plying routes from the rest
of Pampanga such as Lubao-Guagua-Bacolor, Apalit, Arayat-San Juan-
Mexico, Angeles, and Dau, and from neighboring provinces such as Bataan
(Balanga-Hermosa-Dinalupihan), Nueva Ecija (Cabanatuan-Gapan-Cabiao),
Tarlac (Tarlac City-Capas-Bamban).
29 | P a g e
The initial attempt by the city government to centralize all these inter-
municipal traffic in the city central terminal was met with opposition not
only from the operators of the public transport utilities but more so from the
general public who raised the additional fare that costs them. Thus, the
terminals of these inter-municipal jeepney routes were spread.
Sidewalks are in relatively good condition. The City Government has

succeeded in its drive to clear them of various obstructions e.g., illegal
vendors, particularly in the Poblacion area. Previously, with sidewalks
occupied, pedestrians had to walk on roads although there are overhead
pedestrian bridges built in some areas.
Traffic lights are installed in various intersections. Traffic rules or

regulations are usually enforced by the Traffic Management Unit (TMG) a
national support unit of the Philippine National Police (PNP), also under the
LGU. Traffic management offices are scattered in different key areas of the
City.
Rail. One project that will benefit the City of San Fernando once completed
is the Manila Clark Rapid Railway System (MCRRS) or the North Rail. A
major undertaking of the national government, the North Rail project aims
to build a fast, reliable and an efficient railway system in Central and
Northern Luzon. Its implementation is undertaken in several phases (I-IV).
Phase I of the Project is an 82-kilometer rail line between Caloocan City in
Metro Manila and the Clark Special Economic Zone (CSEZ) in Pampanga.
Other phases of the project are: Phase II - Branch line to Subic Economic
Freeport Zone; Phase III - Extension to Bonifacio Global City; and, Phase IV
- Extension to San Fernando, La Union. Three multi-modal stations or
terminals provided with park-and-ride facilities are planned to encourage
car owners to use the mass transit system, namely: CSEZ, Guiguinto,
Bulacan and Bonifacio Global City. There will also be in-line stations to be
built in various cities/municipalities i.e., Section 1- Caloocan, Valenzuela,
Marilao, Bocaue, Guiguinto and Malolos; Section 2 - Calumpit, Apalit, City of
San Fernando, Dau or Angeles City and Clark/ Mabalacat.
Telecommunications Facilities. The City of San Fernando is advance in

terms of telecommunication services. Communication links are sufficient.
Most of the leading telecommunication companies in the country have
facilities within the City like the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co.
(PLDT Co.), Digital Telecommunications Phils. (Digitel), Globe Telecom, and
Smart Communications. They have vital transmission towers located in San
Fernando. With regard to internet service, there are several Internet Service
Providers (ISPs) offering dial-up, dedicated and DSL types of service. Over a
hundred internet cafés are available in strategic areas. Availability of
30 | P a g e
inexpensive broadband access infrastructure is significant in developing a

widespread information economy and facilitative of e-commerce.
There are four TV stations namely KTV Channel 12, Infomax Channel
8, CLTV 36 and ABS-CBN TV46 Pampanga. There are also two radio
stations, RW 95.1 of the Radio World Broadcasting Corporation of the
Philippines and the Power 92.7 of the Love Radio Network. Several local
newspapers are published in the City which includes SunStar Pampanga,
The Probe, Coffee Punch, Pampanga Times and the Observer.
Power. Energy, power or electricity is a Table 5. Electricity Coverage as of

necessity for everyday life, that every October 31, 2010
activity requires it. The question is how Servedwith
Total Electricity %
one can utilize it in a sustainable way. Coverage
Barangay 35 35 100.00
Household 52,504 52, 504 100.00
San Fernando’s electricity supply is Source: SFELAPCO; Socio Economic Panorama 2009-2010,
provided mainly by the San Fernando CSFP
Electric Light & Power Company, Inc. Note: * does not include household served by Angeles Electric
(SFELAPCO). SFELAPCO has four power
distribution substations namely
Magdalena, Greenville, Lourdes Heights and Basa Sub-Stations with a
combined capacity of 119.2 MVA. It is the seventh largest privately-owned
electricity distributor in the country. It procures energy from the
government-owned National Power Corporation – TransCo (NPC-TransCo)
and from Hedcor, Inc., - a hydroelectric firm of the Aboitiz Group.
Thirty four out of the 35 barangays of the City are served by

SFELAPCO. Due to its proximity to Angeles City, Barangay Pulung Bulu and
some portions of Telabastagan are served by the Angeles Electric
Corporation. In terms of household, per account of the SPELAFCO, by
February 2010, about 50,000 households in San Fernando had access to
electric power service, consuming an average 10 million kilowatt-hours per
month.
Solid Waste Management Facilities. Past efforts of the City government

focused on ensuring that the increased economic activity will not pose
serious ecological problems in the City. Thus, solid waste management and
other environmental protection measures were implemented so as not to,
says Mayor Oca, ―create a serious disequilibrium between the people and
their habitat.‖
In a serious effort to implement the provisions of the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act of 2003, the government remained vigilant in
maintaining the City’s cleanliness and enforced proper garbage disposal in
its barangays. The conversion of the City’s open dumpsite into a controlled
31 | P a g e
one delivered the strong message of importance of garbage segregation

and the consequential penalties arising from non-compliance with the law.
Information and education campaigns stressed the public’s role in the
successful implementation of the law.
The environment conservation sector of the City were mobilized to

support efforts to rehabilitate San Fernando River not only as a flood control
measure but also as proud part of Fernandinos’ heritage. In coordination
with the Manila Bay Site Coordinating Committee, the water quality of the
river and its tributary creeks is constantly being monitored to ensure
elimination of water pollution.
5. The City’s Economy
Economic and political dynamics in the City of San Fernando are fast
altering the City’s economic landscape and causing it to shed some ―old
skin‖. With the changes come the pressure or challenge to face up to the
demands presented by the opportunities brought about by said changes,
and in harnessing its potentials as well as addressing the barriers to
creating the desired change.
The City’s economy has taken the turn from a predominantly

agricultural economy (35 years ago during Mr. Arturo Tangco’s era as
Agriculture Head) to one oriented toward Industry and Services. In the
survey conducted by the University of the Assumption (UA) on the socio-
economic make-up of the City, employment is shown to concentrate in the
Services Sector with about 75 percent of the City’s labor force accounted
here. The Industry sector comes in second in employment share with 36
percent, while Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry (AFF) accounts for the least
share with 9 percent.
Trading represents the single

biggest share of the employed with
about 18 percent, followed by
Manufacturing with 15 percent, and
Transportation, Communication and
Storage (TCS) with 13 percent. This
structural pattern of the economy
mirrors that of the country, the region
and the province of Pampanga.
The direction of the City’s economy is essentially influenced by its

being the seat of government at the regional level and transit hub for
travels north, west, east and south of the region. This pattern of growth
32 | P a g e
may well be the City’s imprint in the future even as the City is taking a
facelift that would encourage further investments because of the spike in
real estate development. And as the City is the heart and center of the
region and the province, its role would have to be as source of the services
and assistance needed by the other sectors (industry and agriculture) that
are the base of the other municipalities surrounding it.
Yet, even if services are shaping the local economy, the City is also
known for its thriving local industries such as lantern-making, processed
meat, sweets and delicacies and handicrafts. Said industries have
consumers extending beyond the City’s borders making these industries
therefore the City’s economic base along with services.
Nevertheless, micro-enterprises make up for the bulk of the City’s

business establishments. Sustaining these businesses so that they will
continue to be viable and provide employment to local labor, that otherwise
could not be employed in other industries, is a challenge that the City must
attend and respond to in addition to attracting investments with high
potential for expanding the local economy and creating jobs.
The City of San Fernando, however, is at the threshold of urban and

industrial development, with population growth taking on a bigger turn
along with non-agricultural activities. As regional capital and center, the City
has been drawing people and economic activities that are now causing the
city’s facelift from predominantly agricultural to one that is strongly urban
with a dominant service industry as economic base.
Agriculture. The City’s agricultural activities while still occupying a good

portion of the city’s land area are now relegated in its peripheries – those
parallel the megadike and the North Luzon Expressway and areas at the
southern end of the City. These remaining agricultural areas are mainly
planted to rice, sugarcane and HVCC, which are interspersed with livestock
and poultry production and fish farming. In some areas though, especially
those adjacent to populated areas, encroachment of settlements into
livestock/poultry farm areas is becoming an issue because of environmental
concerns.
Out of the City’s 35 barangays, 26 are engaged at varying degrees in

agricultural production. As per record of the agriculture office in 2010 about
35 percent of the City’s total land area is agricultural land. However, based
on actual area planted report of the same office, crop area accounts for 25
percent of the City’s land area, while livestock and poultry for two percent.
Among crops, rice and sugarcane make up for the largest land use of the
33 | P a g e
City’s crop area, with 37 percent for rice and 43 percent for sugarcane.
Major crop areas in terms of extent of land use and share of barangay land
area are Barangays Panipuan (53%), Malino (48%), Dela Paz Sur (45%),
Del Rosario (33%), Maimpis (31%), Malpitic (26%), San Isidro (21%) and
Calulut (20%) for sugarcane; Magliman (43%), San Felipe (33%),
Quebiawan (20%), Del Carmen (20%), Calulut (15%), Bulaon (14%), Del
Rosario (10%) and San Pedro (8%) for rice; and Barangays Dela Paz Sur
(29%), Bulaon (19%), and Calulut (6%) for HVCC. Figure 29 (below)
shows the crop area distribution by barangay.
Fig. 1. Barangay Crop Area Distribution, CSFP
Figure 29 Barangay Crop Area
Rice (Irrig)
250.00 Distribution
Rice (Non-irrig)
200.00 Fig. 1. Barangay Crop Area Distribution, CSFP
Corn(Irrig)
Rice
250.00
150.00 Rice (Non-irrig)
200.00 Sugarcane
Corn
100.00
150.00
HVCC
Sugarcane
100.00 HVCC
50.00 Root Crops
50.00 Root Crops
0.00
0.00 Legumes
Legumes
* *
Leafy Veg
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Fruit
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D e
The City of San Fernando is also actively engage in livestock and

poultry production, with numerous commercial livestock and poultry farms
present in the City. The sector covers about 113 hectares or about 2
percent of the City’s total land area and 33 commercial farms (11 for
livestock and 22 for poultry). Said areas are dispersed in 13 out of the 35
barangays (Figure 30), with six barangays serving as major sites, namely,
Dela Paz Sur, Malino, Lara, Calulut, Panipuan and San Juan. Said
barangays have livestock and poultry farms covering areas from 10 to 26
hectares or 3 to 24 percent of the barangay land areas. Commercial poultry
farms are also present, although at a lesser extent, in thickly populated
barangays such as Bulaon and San Agustin. Sustaining therefore said farms
in these areas would require the installation of pollution-mitigating
measures that would keep farm wastes from causing undue environmental
and health risk to the surrounding population. Failure to address said
concern may erupt into a land use issue and possibly threaten the operation
and existence of said farms, leading to settlements occupying the once
agricultural areas.
34 | P a g e
Fish production, however, a minor sector is another of the land using

activities of the City of San Fernando. Said sector produced in 2010 only
about 68 metric tons with the yield coming from a total of 57 hectares
Fig. 2. Livestock
covering 11 barangays, and Poultry
namely: Distribution
Bulaon, by Barangay,
Calulut, CSFP Lara, Maimpis,
del Rosario,
Figure 30 Livestock and Poultry Distribution by Barangay Distribution
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00 Livestock
10.00 Poultry
5.00 Figure 30 Livestock and Poultry Distribution by Barangay
0.00
lp *
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im o
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De
Pandaras, Panipuan, San Pedro, Sta. Lucia, San Juan and San Felipe. About
73 percent of the City’s fish output comes from Barangays Pandaras, Sta.
Lucia and San Juan. Only San Juan and San Felipe are with swampy areas
and therefore a more stable site for fish production. Similarly, as it is largely
agricultural, Pandaras may well continue as a fish production site, while the
other barangays with small-volume producers may find themselves more
prone to conversion especially those with large settlements.
Prone as the City is to urban and industrial transformation, there are,

however, rural barangays, by virtue of their being flood-prone are less
vulnerable to conversion. Barangays Pandaras and San Felipe have the
largest rice production areas, but are also the most prone to flooding and
siltation. Unless interventions that would modify the vulnerability of these
areas to said natural disturbances are taken, these areas then would have
to remain serving their agricultural function so much so if population growth
in these barangays remains at current levels. This means less pressure from
population to use the land for settlement and other economic uses. Access
is another constraint to growth in this area, particularly Barangay Pandaras
because of the absence of road that would connect the barangay to the
City’s commercial and financial district.
On the other hand, barangays with a good percentage of their areas

utilized for agricultural production but are densely populated may, because
of pressure from population, face conversion of said production areas to
other uses. Barangay Bulaon is one such area having the largest population
of all barangays and also the densest. Based on CAO’s record, Bulaon has
about 34 percent of its land area used for rice, HVCC and poultry
production, while the rest is built-up area or settlement. Its adjoining
barangay – Calulut is similarly situated with population taking on an upward
35 | P a g e
trajectory, although 42 percent of its land area is still used for agricultural
production, both crops and poultry. The potential for conversion in these
areas is strong because of commercial and settlement growth west of said
barangays particularly in Barangay Sindalan. Projections are that if
commercial and population growth in these areas continues to climb this
may give way to the abandonment of agriculture in the foreseeable future.
Given urban and commercial as well as industrial crawl, the City faces
the challenge of striking a balance between sustaining the City’s agriculture
sector and providing space for more high value-adding activities and an
expanding population.
Depending on the value placed by the City on agriculture would spell

its fate in the short and long term. But as shifting costs to other uses may
be high for some sub-sectors, such as commercial livestock and poultry
production, policies that would keep other land uses from encroaching into
these areas will have to be introduced, to sustain their existence and avert
land using conflicts that may arise from such encroachment.
Services and Industry. As earlier mentioned, services and industry are

increasingly providing for the economic anchor of the City of San Fernando.
Establishments in the sectors are interspersed in areas along the MacArthur
Highway, while concentrations of commercial and other service-related
establishments are apparent within the area of the Olongapo-Gapan Road
or Jose Abad Santos Avenue and the city center.
Wholesale and manufacturing establishments combine with retail

outlets including malls, tourism-related establishments such as
hotels/motels and restaurants, and financial, educational and government
institutions to make up the economic base of the City of San Fernando.
Commercial establishments make up for the bigger bulk of the city’s
businesses with malls and supermarkets dotting the city’s landscape. The
City is also host to quite a number of wholesale establishments many of
which are in Barangays Dolores, Sindalan and San Jose. There are fewer
manufacturing establishments though some are large-scale and therefore
share significantly to the local economy.
The City’s record of business permit issued from 2007 to July 2011
shows business to be growing in the city, an indication of its increasing
attractiveness as business and investment location. The City’s streamlined
business permitting procedure combined with its strategic location i.e.,
proximity to the Clark Special Economic Zone and Metro Manila and position
as the regional administrative center and travel hub all play in causing the
spike in business in the City. The result, as well as indication, of the
growing business is increased traffic in the city’s major roads. Consequently,
36 | P a g e
pressure is now on for identifying alternative routes that would help ease
traffic flow and subsequently sustain economic growth.
Service establishments and commercial activities are largely located in

the Central Business District, along the Jose Abad Santos Avenue and the
MacArthur Highway. Pockets of concentration are apparent in Barangays
Dolores, Sindalan and San Jose. However, flooding caused by heavy rains
and clogged drainage is a perennial concern in the CBD, Barangays Dolores
and San Jose. Focus in these areas should then be on easing the flow of
water in natural water ways and drainage system, to unburden businesses
of the troubles brought about by flood and keep business interest on the
city as investment location.
While not a major tourist destination, the City of San Fernando

nonetheless receives its share of visitors because of its historical value and
cultural attractions e.g., Giant Lantern Festival, Lenten Crucifixion, local
cuisine. Sections of the CBD have been declared as historical/heritage
district with its preserved historical landmarks and edifices that are meant
to remind residents and visitors alike of the City’s glorious past. It is also
emerging as a venue for small meetings or conventions (MICE tourism)
being the regional government center. Nevertheless, facilities are still
wanting in this area particularly lodging amenities that could accommodate
bigger events. On the other hand, restaurants are making their way along
the MacArthur Highway and the JASA to accommodate or meet the needs of
the City’s visitors and travelers passing by particularly those wanting to get
a taste of Kapampangan foods. But the City, given its space limitation and
lack of natural attractions, could only go so far as enhancing its current
attractions, developing food and non-food products for tourists, and
establishing MICE facilities.
For manufacturing, activities in the sector are evident in populated

sections or barangays of the City such as Sta. Lucia, San Isidro, Calulut,
Saguin, San Nicolas and Dolores. Manufacturing is also present in
barangays with a good portion still devoted to agricultural production, such
as in Barangays Panipuan and Del Rosario. Some manufacturing plants are
built along the MacArthur Highway while others are located off the road or
mixed with settlements or agricultural activities in the barangays. Quite a
number of the manufacturing plants are medium to large scale, providing
for the necessary source of employment for the City’s labor force and
demand for the City’s various products and services.
The City’s proximity to the Clark Special Economic Zone and quick
access to Metro Manila are opportunities for driving growth in the
manufacturing sector. With its business-friendly investment environment
the possibility of the City attracting more investment is not remote and as
37 | P a g e
such it must come prepared with the infrastructure and space appropriate
for such investments. Ideally, this should be in areas with facility of
movement and not too densely populated to minimize any possible negative
impact on population. One such potential impact is from the wastes and
discharges of the manufacturing plants or facilities. This could be avoided or
mitigated with provisions for solid waste management and waste water
treatment. Ensuring these must be among priorities of the City if it were to
achieve its objective of becoming a habitat for human excellence and
quality living.
Providing space for IT-related businesses or establishments is also an

emerging concern as the City gears up or positions itself as the regional hub
for ICT and knowledge center. The City must be able to provide the
necessary space – including facilities and manpower – if it is to attract
investors in the said sector. This the City must do if it were to take
advantage of the opportunity presented by a flourishing ICT industry. It is
not unlikely for the City to meet said needs given time and the City’s
improving business climate.
Fig.Business
Figure 31 3. Business Establishment
Establishment Distribution
Distribution by Barangay, CSFP
by Barangay
6.00
Hotels/Motels
5.00
Restaurants
4.00
Wholesaler
3.00
2.00 Manufacturer
1.00 Mall
0.00 Resort
Lara**
Pulung
Del
Lourdes
San
San
Santo
San Pedro
San Jose
Santa
Dolores
Bulaon
Saguin
San Juan
Santo Nino
Del Carmen
Calulut*
Malino*
San Felipe
Panipuan*
Dela Paz
Dela Paz
Quebiawan
Juliana
Santa Lucia
Alasas
Telebastag
Maimpis
Baliti
Pandaras
Sindalan
San Isidro
Magliman
Del Pilar
Malpitic
Table 6. Barangay Economic Profile Based on Land Use

Land Pop.
Name of
Population Area Densi Characterization
Barangay
(has.) ty
Bulaon 28,757 166 178 o most populous and most dense
o 34% of land area is planted to rice
and HVCC; another 3 hectares is used
for poultry production
Dolores 21,188 256 64 o no agricultural activity
o has the concentration of restaurants
and hotels
o has the most number of trade and
industry establishments
San Agustin 19,293 295 59 o business establishments consist of
commercial, service (trade and hotels)
and a few manufacturing enterprises
Sindalan 15,487 327 56 o 13 percent of land area is planted to
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crops mainly sugarcane

o has in site a number of wholesaling
establishments
San Jose 12,730 322 40 o core area for large commercial and
wholesaling establishments
o no agricultural activity
San Nicolas 11,706 80 138 o 2% of area planted to rice
o a small number of trade and
manufacturing establishments
o 5th most dense barangay
Calulut 11,593 475 29 o 42% of land area used for crop
production with rice and sugarcane as
primary crops
o large area used for poultry
o among the least dense barangays
Telebastagan 11,522 191 43 o 20 has. or 8% of land area planted to
crops mainly corn
o few establishments engaged in
tourism-related activities and
wholesaling
Quebiawan 11,370 234 51 o 28% of land area planted to crops
mainly rice
o with few wholesalers
San Pedro 10,718 224 41 o 8% of land area planted to crops
mainly rice
o 8 hectares of fishery area
o site of Lenten crucifixion
San Isidro 9,806 140 70 o 27% is crop area with sugarcane as
primary crop
o 2 manufacturing establishments
located here
Del Pilar 9,426 71 72 o 9% of land area planted to rice
(rainfed)
o within the central business district
Santa Lucia 8,655 87 77 o large area used for fishery
o 1% rice crop area
o manufacturing and wholesaling
establishments located here
Santo Niño 8,001 136 66 o historical landmarks located here
o no agricultural activity
Maimpis 7,313 254 21 o 36% of land area planted to crops
largely sugarcane
o site of San Miguel Brewery
Saguin 6,538 105 50 o 5% planted to mixed crops
o 2 hectares used in livestock
production
o 2 manufacturing establishments
located here
Panipuan 5,406 436 16 o large crop area (56% of BLA)
primarily planted to sugarcane
o 10 hectares poultry area
39 | P a g e
o presence of manufacturing and

wholesaling establishments
o presence of resorts
Baliti 5,397 198 13 o 14% crop area primarily planted to
sugarcane
o presence of 2 resorts
Lourdes 5,045 51 172 o among small and most dense
barangays
o within CBD
Pulung Bulu 4,869 104 24 o one manufacturing establishment
recorded
o no agricultural activity on record
Del Rosario 4,803 165 28 o 57% of land area planted to crops
largely sugarcane and rice
o 8 hectares of poultry farms
o presence of 2 manufacturing
establishments
San Juan 4,354 241 41 o 3% rainfed rice area
o 25 hectares fishery area
o convention center site
Del Carmen 4,231 309 16 o 92 hectares or 34 % of land area
planted to crops with rice and
sugarcane as primary crops
o 4 hectares used for livestock
production
Dela Paz 4,004 170 23 o 4% of land area or 7.7 hectares are
Norte used for crop production
o 8 hectares used for livestock and
poultry production
o with one manufacturing and two
wholesalers on record
Malino 3,714 168 21 o 82% of land area planted to largely
sugarcane and root crops
o 13 hectares are used for livestock
production
Magliman 3,171 138 27 o 57% of land area planted to crops
with rice and corn as major crops
Juliana 3,135 241 142 o one of the small barangays within the
CBD
o one wholesaler located here
San Felipe 2,927 296 8 o 34% of land area planted mainly to
rice
o around one hectare fishery area
Lara 2,813 335 10 o small area equivalent to 6% used for
crop production
o 17 hectares of livestock and poultry
farms
Malpitic 2,710 131 23 o 33% planted to crops with sugarcane
as main crop
Alasas 2,612 127 25 o Only 6% (6.5 has.) of the total land
area of the barangay is being used for
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crop production, in particular

sugarcane
o Livestock and poultry production
occupy 5 hectares of the BLA
o One of the least populous with
population density of 25
persons/hectare
Dela Paz Sur 2,336 157 17 o 75 percent planted to crops of largely
sugarcane and HVCC
o 26 hectares used by livestock and
poultry farms
Pandaras 1,532 167 17 o extensive rice area and 10 hectares of
fishponds
Santa 1,103 81 151 o has the smallest land area
Teresita o within CBD
Santo 1,100 85 49 o commercial area
Rosario o heritage site
6. Education, Health, Recreation and Protective Services
Education. Most people readily identify education as the most important

public service because it demonstrates care for children and leads to strong
communities. Schools also consume a considerable portion of public
expenditures and their locations also define access by the general school
age population to this basic social service although economics is a most
often cited cause of high dropout rates.
Elementary education, as of school year 2009 – 2010 was provided by

37 public and 28 private schools. Gross elementary participation
(enrolment) rate in public schools stood at 82.89 percent in SY 2008- 2009.
This is an improvement from the 81.79 percent level in SY 2004 – 2005 but
still below the regional average. Similarly net participation rate which
stood at 71.66 percent (SY 2008 – 2009) has increased from the level five
years ago but below the regional average and far from the Department of
Education (DepEd) and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of complete
basic education coverage.
Low completion rates and high dropout rate remain problems at both
elementary and secondary levels. Economic difficulty was cited as the
primary reason for the high dropout rate. Another factor that contributes to
low completion and high dropout rates are lack of interest of students and
parents.
41 | P a g e
The results of the National Achievement Tests (NAT) show that the
students in general are not acquiring the required mastery of subject
contents in English, Science, Mathematics, Filipino and Araling Panlipunan.
The mean performance scores obtained by students are way below the 75
percent minimum standard of the DepEd. The situation is true for
elementary and secondary levels and at both public and private schools.
The reasons held for the poor performance are shortages of teachers,
classrooms, textbooks and furniture in public schools. The teacher-pupil
ratio in SY 2009-2010 was 1:42 for elementary level and 1: 38 for
secondary level. The classroom-pupil ratio stood at 1:47 for elementary
and 1:60 for secondary. Against the standard of the DepEd, there is a need
to increase the number of teachers and classrooms in elementary public
schools. Meanwhile, although there are enough teachers at the secondary
level, there is an acute shortage of classrooms. At the same time, wide
disparities at the school level exist. For example, the teacher-pupil ratio in
different schools ranges from 23.3 to 66.3. The same is observed in pupil
classroom and furniture ratios.
Additionally, low achievement tests scores of pupil were attributed to

poor reading skills of students and poor nutritional and health status. The
DepEd counted 1,105 students, Grades 2 to 6 (SY 2009-2010) who are non-
readers. Almost one-in-five elementary pupil is malnourished.
There are 16 tertiary level schools scattered in the City, all of which
except one are privately owned. Starting academic year 2009-2010, the
City College of the City of San Fernando, the very first government-run
Higher Education Institution (HEI) was opened to provide access to higher
education to poor but deserving Fernandino students. The HEIs offer a
variety of courses ranging from 2-year technical courses and 4-5 year
degrees in Education, Business Administration, Information Technology,
Computer Programming and other related courses. Fernandino students
also availed of state-subsidized tertiary education at Don Honorio Ventura
Technological State University (DHVTSU) in the Municipality of Bacolor that
is only a few minutes away from the City’s CBD.
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Health Status and Facilities. Key health indicators in the City of San
Fernando reveal no particular pattern in the last five years since 2005 and
Table 7. Key Health Indicators, 2005-2009

Year CBR CDR IMR CMR MMR
2005 20.55 4.12 1.53 3.26 0.19
2006 19.02 4.05 1.75 3.71 0.00
2007 19.41 4.55 1.73 6.28 0.22
2008 19.23 4.24 1.49 0.64 0.64
2009 20.32 4.75 3.97 2.98 0.40
reflect the attainment of the City’s millennium development goals of

reducing child and maternal mortality, crude death, and crude birth rates as
may be seen in Table 7.
Majority of the causes of morbidity recorded in the City are all

communicable. However, the leading causes of mortality are mostly non-
communicable and are lifestyle related diseases. These can be attributed to
the growing number of malls, fastfood chains, and decreased open lots for
sports and exercise. In-migration is also a definitive contributing factor since
there are more than 7,000 commercial establishments in the City. The
daytime population of the City is one million. Influx of transient and
informal settlers availing health services is also contributory to both leading
causes of morbidity and mortality (Table 8).
As to the leading causes of mortality, non-communicable diseases

like diseases of the heart, cancer all forms, CVA, Diabetes Mellitus and its
consequent complication like chronic renal failure are consistently in the top
10. This is the same as in the national situation. Efforts to address lifestyle
diseases need to be augmented though the CHO has maintained budgetary
allocation for diagnosis, management, referral and rehabilitation of cases.
Hataw Fitness campaigns and No Smoking interventions were also
launched. A Wellness Program starting with City Employees is in the
initiative package for the next three years.
Table 8. Leading Causes of Mortality, 2006-2009

2006 2007 2008 2009
No. No.
No. No.
of of Rat
Cause Rate Cause Cause of Rate Cause of Rate
Case case e
cases Cases
s s
Diseases Diseases Disease Diseases
of the 195 8.10 of the 199 8.34 s of the 304 1.24 of the 317 1.28
heart heart heart heart
Cancer 133 5.53 Cancer all 187 7.83 Cancer 181 0.74 CVA 129 0.52
43 | P a g e
all forms forms all

forms
Pneumon Pneumoni Cardio
Cancer
ia all 123 5.11 a all 120 5.03 vascular 114 0.47 118 0.48
all forms
forms forms diseases
DM Pneumoni
Kidney
Nephropath 90 3.74 CVA 89 3.73 a all 99 0.40 81 0.33
Failure
y forms
Chronic
Hypertensio Pneumonia
CVA 75 3.12 83 3.48 renal 68 0.28 71 0.29
n all forms
failure
Hypertensio Renal Pulmona
74 3.07 61 2.56 COPD 51 0.21 59 0.24
n failure ry TB
Multiple
Diabetes
PTB 61 2.53 51 2.14 organ 34 0.14 Sepsis 38 0.15
Mellitus
failure
Multiple
Hypertensi
COPD 43 1.79 Organ 50 2.09 Accident 32 0.13 26 0.10
on
Failure
Diabete Multiple
Vehicular
18 0.75 COPD 46 1.93 s 29 0.12 organ 25 0.10
Accident
Mellitus failure
Vehicular
Pancreatitis 18 0.75 PTB 43 1.8 PTB 25 0.10 24 0.10
Accident
The good overall health status of the City may be attributed to the
presence of 11 hospitals operating in the City of San Fernando, two public
hospitals and 9 private hospitals. The two public hospitals are tertiary and
secondary namely Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital (JBLMRH) with
a 250-bed capacity hospital and Ricardo P. Rodriguez Memorial District
Hospital which is a 42-bed capacity hospital. The 9 private hospitals have a
combined capacity of 551 beds, which brings the total number of hospital
beds in the City to 843. This translates to a combined bed-to-population
ratio of 2.90 which is a relatively high ratio compared to the other towns of
Pampanga. Though there is a high hospital bed to population ratio, majority
of these come from private hospitals thus there is now increasing trend of
request for medical assistance in order for the patients to be discharged.
Complementing the 11 hospitals are two poly clinics located in St.

Ferdinand Ong Yu Building. The Pampanga Medical Society who has 830
members has 60 percent actively practicing in the different hospitals and
private clinics in the City. There are four Rural Health Units and 42
Barangay Health Centers which serve the public health needs of the City’s
constituency. The CHO in 2010 has one male and five female doctors, one
male and two female dentists, 33 female midwives, 3 female nutritionists, 8
44 | P a g e
sanitary inspectors, 12 nurses, 135 project based nurses, 357 BHWs, and 55
BNSes.
Cemeteries and Memorial Parlors. Cemeteries and memorial parlors as per

Code on Sanitation of the Philippines or PD 856 could pose health problems
if not properly maintained specifically the sanitation of their areas. There
are four public cemeteries in the City located in Baliti, Sta. Lucia, Mansgold,
and Calulut. The poor sanitary conditions of the cemeteries in San Fernando
Catholic and Mansgold Cemetery which is also prone to flooding and
dumped with garbage pose health hazards to the community nearby.
Contamination of ground water is not a remote possibility in the current
state of the said cemeteries.
On the other hand, five out of eight private cemeteries (Chinese Cemetery,
Sanctuario, Calulut Memorial Garden, St. Joseph Memorial Park and Christ
the King) have to comply with health certificate requirements, while three
out of eight have good sanitary condition.
It is imperative that a comprehensive sanitation plan be drafted for the next

three years to follow the new IRR on disposal of dead persons.
7. Peace and Security
As component of political stability, peace and order is a factor considered

crucial by business. Thus, the type of crimes committed and the areas
where they are committed are critical information and development
challenges that would require immediate attention. Safety from natural and
manmade disasters is an equally important consideration in investment
decision-making.
Crime Incidence. In 2007, the most number of crimes committed in the

City pertains to illegal drugs. For 2008, recorded at 33.09 percent, the
highest crime incidence was on theft. Data do not show whether or not
those involved in theft were under the influence of drugs.
To reinforce the City’s efforts at combating illegal drugs, the

Sangguniang Panlungsod (SP) passed a resolution for the City Mayor to
enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA) to consolidate their resources and synchronize
their efforts for a more effective anti-drug drive. Compared with 2007,
Rape and Illegal Gambling experienced the highest incidence increase.
45 | P a g e
The City Government’s resolve to reduce, if not eliminate crimes

against property was clearly demonstrated when in October 2008 its SP
enacted an Ordinance requiring all banks, malls, money changers,
pawnshops and supermarkets and other similar establishments to install
Close Circuit Television Monitors (CCTV) within their premises.
Despite this initiative, in 2009, theft recorded at 47.46 percent had the
highest incidence ratio among all the crimes reported. Unclassified crimes
obtained the highest increase in occurrences for 2009. Based on the
geographic comparison of crime statistics for Region III in 2009, CSFP was
the most peaceful city as regards theft, robbery and physical injury;
Olongapo City was the best performer as far as murder and homicide or
crimes against person. To further boost the City’s PNP capability to fight
criminality, in the same year, the City appropriated funds for the provision
of patrol cars, ammunitions and communications equipment to the
Philippine National Police and provided for the donation of lot that could be
developed as Type ―A‖ City Police Station.
Amidst the breakthrough in the prevention of crimes against property

borne out by the strong collaboration between the PNP and the City
government, prevention of crimes against persons remains a critical
development challenge. It is natural for business persons to think more
seriously of their personal safety than for their properties. CSFP has to
perform better both on crimes against persons and property for it to
become a preferred destination by private investment.
Fire Incidence. While a strong property insurance system can transfer

losses from fire incidences, there are additional concerns which adversely
affect business operations. To make the City more investment-friendly, it
needs to strengthen its capability and this would require a careful profiling
of fire hazards within its jurisdiction.
For 2007-2009, the most number of fire incidents occurred in Barangay

Dolores and the type of structures most commonly damaged is residential.
The usual cause of the fire identified is electrical short circuit.
In 2007 the highest fire incidence was recorded in Dolores and the
most number of physical structures affected are residential houses. The
same situation obtained in 2008, the only difference was that the structures
affected were mostly commercial. Again, the identified culprit was electrical
short circuit.
46 | P a g e
For 2009, residential houses in the same barangay were most

frequently visited by fire. For this year, however, unlike in 2008, the most
common cause of fire was inattention to children playing with combustible
materials. In 2010, residential houses of Barangay San Nicolas substituted
for those in Dolores as the most favorite site of fire. Electrical short circuit
again was pinpointed as cause.
The City’s initiative in the SP Resolution requesting the City Mayor to

immediately conduct inspection of old, dilapidated and unused buildings
was well-intentioned but it still needs to be reduced to concrete results.
47 | P a g e
Chapter 3
LAND USE RELATED ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS, AND
OBJECTIVES
Knowing and understanding what one can and should not do or avoid is the
springboard to unleashing ones potential. To actually do so and pole vault to
being what one can be requires acting on said opportunities and limitations. Such
is true for man and for communities.
Corollary, local development entails harnessing of local resources and

dealing with the challenges and constraints facing local communities. Depending
on how appropriately and sufficiently such are pursued would tell how fast or
how slow would these redound to development. Understanding and appreciation,
therefore, of the local area’s assets and limitations is vital and critical to the
design of strategies for achieving desired growth and development.
The following are the Strengths and Opportunities, Weaknesses and Threats
facing the City of San Fernando as its stakeholders have identified:
A. Strengths
Strengths are factors within the control of the local government unit with
potential of driving the local area’s growth and development.
1. Business-friendly Investment Approval Process
What used to be days to take has been effectively reduced to just a

few minutes. Thus, the City’s streamlined business permit and licensing
process has been encouraging business interest on the City and promoting
investment here. This has as well earned for the City numerous citations for
being the most business-friendly and most competitive among local
government units from both local and international organizations.
Consequently, all these have catapulted the City to a new plane of doing
business that is not only efficient but also facilitative of business.
48 | P a g e
2. Good Governance
No growth is possible with poor or bad administration and

management of local government affairs and programs. Fortunately for the
City, it came under the helm of a leader with a vision and mission for
excellence, who abides in the principles of transparency and accountability,
and who believes that development must be pursued with stakeholders
sharing responsibility. Such qualities has led to transformation in local
government administration by building in the process professionalism
among local government employees and efficiency in government systems,
as it has also encouraged participation and cooperation from all sectors in
development processes. These are hallmarks vital to building confidence
and trust on the local government institution and in attracting investments
that are the drivers of economic growth and development. Sustaining these
qualities in the local government is therefore imperative for the City to
continue benefiting from good governance.
3. Availability of Financial and Physical Support Services and

Infrastructure
As regional hub, financial institutions, both government and private,

abound in the City providing for the financial resources necessary for
financing investments. Transport links and services are sufficient allowing
for mobility and ease of access to, from and within the City, while
telecommunication services complement transportation to make doing
business in the City less cumbersome and more efficient. Efforts at
improving these support services and infrastructure continue to give boost
to economic activities and further ease operations and the flow of people,
goods and services.
4. Pool of Skilled and Trainable Labor Force.
Behind the growth of the City are its people who are known for their
skills and craftsmanship. Fernandinos are particularly known for their
culinary skills and aptitude in lantern and furniture making, skills which are
49 | P a g e
being wisely tapped to start enterprises that provide local employment and
income to local residents. Preserving and harnessing such skills in addition
to enhancing the literacy and proficiency of the City’s labor force are tools
to increasing the City’s productive capacity and promoting investment here.
5. Culture-based Tourism Attraction.
Although the City is bereft of natural attractions that are magnets to

tourists, the City of San Fernando’s rich cultural and historical milieu
provides a strong potential for tourism. The City gets its share of food-
trippers trooping for a taste of Kapampangan cuisine and delicacies, while
seasonal attractions are the City’s lantern festival and Lenten rite. San
Fernando’s historical significance also adds allure to the place, which the
City is trying its best to revive and develop by restoring and rehabilitating
old edifices or structures for a mix of the old and the modern as the City’s
environment setting. The City’s refurbishing of its look is expected to draw
more attention to the place and subsequently foot and vehicular traffic.
B. Weaknesses
These are factors within the control of the local government unit that it
should eliminate, avoid or improve otherwise such factors would constrain
pursuit of local development.
1. Flooding
Low-lying areas of the City are perennially subjected to flooding during

periods of heavy rain. As the areas affected are largely the City’s
commercial districts, attention then must be given to eliminating this
problem, to minimize disruptions on business operations and flooding’s ill
effects on human activities, productivity and property. This is crucial for the
City to sustain and enhance its competitiveness and to continue to attract
businesses that would help the city pursue its development goals.
Contributing to the flood problem and therefore must be addressed is the
lack of an integrated drainage system.
50 | P a g e
2. Land Use Conflict and Unregulated Land Conversion
With urbanization and industrial crawl, the City of San Fernando’s large
tract of agricultural land which formerly used to be the base of the City’s
economy has shrunk to just about a third of the City’s land area because of
conversion. While conversion per se is not entirely bad if done rationally, its
haphazard application in previous years has led to the mix of land uses that
now threaten the sustainability and productivity of agricultural land, and to
the emergence of environmental issues brought about by settlements
encroaching into livestock and poultry farm areas or industrial plants in
residential areas. These problems are expected to intensify if proper land
allocation and land use management are not accorded proper attention and
implemented.
3. Environmental Degradation
While the City’s urban growth has led in the upwelling of businesses
that are driving the City’s economic growth, these though have not come
without adverse effects on the environment. Concerns include
contamination of the groundwater from fecal coliform and high level of
manganese; air pollution from smoke emissions of increasing volume of
vehicles running the it’s thoroughfares; and waste management. Although
the City has made progress in managing its solid wastes, more remains to
be desired especially in instilling discipline among the City’s populace in the
proper disposal of wastes. Another concern that must be attended to is the
City’s lack of an adequate and integrated sewerage system. Non-treatment
or management of effluent discharges and sewage cause pollution of the
waterways and add to groundwater contamination. Failure to address these
concerns would diminish what economic advancements the City would
attain in the long-run, with these depriving the City’s people and economy
of sustainable quality and quantity of environment and resource.
51 | P a g e
4. Traffic Congestion and Limited Road Network
Population and commercial growth, while driving the economic

progress of the City, are also causing traffic congestion. Such is now
ordinary in the City’s central business district and major thoroughfare.
Compounding the problem is the lack of alternate routes to the City’s main
streets, providing little or no choice hence for traffic to converge here. The
effect apparently is longer commuting time and delays, and higher transport
and operating cost for businesses and residents. For a City aiming to
provide comfort to its residents and a haven for business, addressing the
problem of traffic is a matter of need that should therefore be given priority
attention.
5. Lack of Open or Green Spaces
Open spaces include parks, greenways or community gardens.

Sustainable development entails providing or maintaining these in the local
area, with these helping to enhance the local area’s environment and
subsequently quality of life. Such are attributes essential to enhancing the
attractiveness of the local area as investment location and as a place to live.
As the City of San Fernando is currently wanting in open or green spaces, it
would need to look into providing for these if the City aims to be a prime
place for business and living,
6. Housing Problems
Not unlike most if not all cities in the country with fast population
growth, the City of San Fernando faces the challenge of ensuring that all
families own decent, safe and affordable housing units. Based on the 2007
CPH, the city’s household to occupied housing unit ratio stood at 1:1.01873
indicating doubled-up household and shortage of housing units. However,
the census also revealed the existence of 4,500 vacant housing units
indicating doubled-up housing is due more to the inability of households to
afford available housing units rather than the lack of housing units.
52 | P a g e
C. Opportunities
Opportunities refer to external conditions or factors surrounding the local

area which could bring or stimulate growth here when acted upon by the local
government.
1. Strategic Location: Proximity to Clark and Metro Manila
The City of San Fernando is endowed with the advantage of a strategic

location that is at the heart of Central Luzon. The City serves as the
gateway to all directions in the region, while lying proximate to the region’s
economic zones and Metro Manila, the center of the country’s economic
activities. These give the City the propitious position of a hub and transit
point for travel in the region, at the same time a market advantage for its
proximity to centers of demand for economic goods and services.
2. Regional Administrative Center
Being the regional capital the City of San Fernando has the distinct
advantage of a quick access to government services, with most if not all of
government offices located here. Collaboration and coordination for social
and economic programs between the local government and the regional line
agencies is made much easy with the presence of the government
institutions. The City readily provides a venue for development initiatives or
interventions, while an opportunity for other sectors here to provide the
goods and services that the government and the people and entities it
transact with require.
3. Increasing Visitor Arrival
The world’s tourists are growing in number with the Philippines getting
more from the international market each year. The trend in the region is
also positive with, however, more domestic tourists visiting the region. Bulk
of the tourists go to and stay in the provinces of Zambales and Pampanga.
For areas within the influence of the two provinces, this means
53 | P a g e
opportunities to provide for the goods, services and attractions that are
required by and that appeal to tourists. The City of San Fernando should, in
taking advantage of this opportunity, determine its niche and build on its
capacity to provide an attractive offer to tourists.
4. Development of DMIA, SCTEX, Clark
The infrastructure development in the region and developments in the

special economic zones, particularly Clark, presents opportunities for
growth. Improvements in infrastructure such as road networks (e.g.,
SCTEX, NLEX, and Manila North Road) stimulate business growth as these
allow for faster mobility and leads to efficiency of operation. As the regional
capital and located within reach of such developments, the City of San
Fernando thus stands to benefit by these developments’ impact or
influence.
5. Flood Control Project: PHUMP3
The project aims to eliminate or minimize flooding in the Pampanga

Delta. The City of San Fernando, being flood-prone, stands to gain from the
project as this will help ease the flooding problem here. This will give the
City the opportunity to develop areas that are difficult to touch or do
improvements or that limit expansion of activities because of flood. The
profound implication of completing PHUMP 3 shall be felt in the perennially
flooded areas in the southeastern portion of the City. However, this future
positive implication can be further facilitated through the opening up of a
service road along NLEx.
6. ICT Industry Growth
Not only is the Philippines now the call center capital of the world, but
overall the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry is growing. This is
boon for the country needing to provide employment to its ballooning labor
force. And as the City of San Fernando is positioning itself or aiming to be
an investment location for ICT, the growth of the industry should be a
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motivation to prepare its human resources, facilities and infrastructure, and

to provide the space where investments can locate.
D. Threats
Threats are factors outside the control of the local government, which could
inhibit or stymie local growth and development.
1. Global Recession
The current economic slowdown in many parts of the world, especially

in the developed economies, is not expected to take a reversal anytime
soon, but will continue to drag for years more. With these economies as
markets for Philippine products and services as well as source of
development assistance, the local economy is thus bound to be affected by
the snags the country’s development partners and markets are suffering
from. Whether at the national or local level, thought then should be given
out to devising strategies that would minimize the impacts of the external
turmoil on the local economy.
2. Urban Migration
The result of development in urban areas, such as the City of San

Fernando, urban migration has the potential of also derailing local
development. Migration as it increases the population of an area which may
be good for business because this means more people demanding for goods
and services tends to affect local resources by causing an increase in the
need or demand for these, resources that the local government would need
to respond to the demand for more of its services. Hence, urban migration
may be a bane if it will lead to problems of limited resources and to other
social maladies that the local government would be hard put to address.
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3. Climate Change
The study conducted by the Manila Observatory and commissioned by

the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in 2007 although
done on a national level, provides a view of the changing climatic conditions
in the country across regions and provinces. The results of the study
indicate: (1) surface temperature increases that are consistent with the
global and national trends; (2) local variations in rainfall distribution; (3)
acceleration of sea level rise; and (4) typhoon occurrences.
The increases in
regional land and sea surface
temperatures in the past 40
years observed by Manton,
et.al. (2001) led the Manila
Observatory (2007) to predict
more hot days and warm
nights with fewer cold days
and nights in the coming
years. Central Luzon is
predicted to have low risk in
terms of projected
temperature increases except
for the province of Pampanga
which has medium risk.
Predictions of local
variations in rainfall over the
country has been limited by
research and technical
capabilities and utilizes
extrapolation of past rainfall Figure 32 Risk to Projected Rainfall
trends into the future although global Change
models predict increases in rainfall amount over this part of subtropical
56 | P a g e
Asia. Using the Manton, et.al. (2001) study, the Manila Observatory
predicts that Central Luzon’s provinces shall be subjected to high and very
high risks to projected rainfall changes (Figure 32).
Villarin, et.al (2008)

advance that accelerated sea
level rise resulting from
expansion of oceans due to
warming and the melting of
mountain glaciers and polar
ice is a phenomenon that shall
affect and threaten the
Philippine archipelago. In the
same report, the authors cite
evidence provided in the
results of a study conducted
by the UK Climate Research
Unit in Manila and Legaspi
that show an increase in sea
level rise that started in the
1970s. Rodolfo and Siringan
(2006) in Villarin, et.al. (2008)
advance that ground
subsidence due to over-
extraction of groundwater
Figure 33 Risk to Typhoons
compound the impacts of sea
level rise in urban centers. It may be worth noting that settlements in the
Philippines started to develop along coasts and river deltas. This
phenomenon did not spare Central Luzon as its southern coastline abuts
Manila Bay, considered a threatened sea body. It was estimated in another
study that a seven meter sea level rise shall submerge the southern
portions of the City of San Fernando although the likelihood of such
occurrence is remote.
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There is no definitive statement on the perceived increase in intensity

of typhoons that occurred over the Philippines. However, the observed
shifts in climate patterns lead to projections of frequency and geographical
occurrences in the country. The Manila Observatory (2007) projects fewer
typhoons in January to March but will increase in July to November. The
increase in frequency is most pronounced over the Visayas area and these
trends will continue throughout the present century. Central Luzon is
predicted to be subjected to high risks to typhoons (Figure 33).
Table 9 CLUP Objectives
Long Term Goal Land Use Related Issue(s) Land Use Objective
(1) Habitat for High in-migration Provision of adequate land

Human Excellence for residential development
and Center of Young population but high
Central Luzon literacy
(Healthy and
Livable Urban Strong and Large Middle Class
Environment)
Accessible and adequate Ensure short travel times
health care facilities and basic between residential areas
and higher education services and social service centers,
and facilities commercial centers,
employment centers, or
Regional Administrative
emergency responders
Center
Long response time for fire
and emergency incidents
Deteriorating ground water Improve the quality of
quality resulting from sewerage and septage
increased coliform and other before releasing to the
microorganisms ground
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Unavailability of air quality Increase carbon fixing

information capacity of the city’s land
resources
Absence of solid waste final Identification of site of
disposal site sanitary land fill
Crowded public cemetery Redevelopment of the

public cemetery
Low opportunities for Provide for green areas or
communing with the lanes
environment especially in
built-up areas
Incompatible land uses, e.g. Discourage expansion of
agri-industries operating agri-industries adjacent to
adjacent to residential areas residential areas;
Encourage clustered agri-
industrial development
Flash-flood prone areas in the Minimize or Discourage
southern part residential development in
the southern part of the
city;
Improve surface run-off
and water flows in natural
drainage ways.
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(2) Gateway to Inadequate alternative routes Improve the level of service

North Philippines (east-west and north-south) of key east-west and north-
and Global Low level of service (LOS) of south routes; Complete an
Gateway (Relevant feeder and access roads eastern north-south and a
Transport System) western north-south
alternative routes
Long travel time during rush Increase access between
hours between the city and any point in the city and the
Clark, SCTEx FVR Megadike for light
vehicles;
Complete a north-south
road parallel to the East
(3) Global Demand-driven Megadike
Provision of land for higher
Gateway #2 reclassification of agricultural value adding economic
(Diverse, lands to other uses and land activities especially in the
Sustainable and conversion secondary and tertiary
Vibrant Economy) sectors
Extensive residential area Encourage higher value
development economic activities;
Provision of adequate land
for commercial uses
Low occupancy rates of Increase residential
developed subdivisions building construction in
existing planned unit
development areas
Limited access between Shorten travel time
existing industrial zones and between high value adding
the NLEx, SCTEx or Clark economic activities and the
Special Economic and NLEx, SCTEx or CSEFZ
Freeport Zone (CSEFZ)
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Extensive swampy lands Encourage the

development of more
productive activities on
existing swampy lands such
as tourism or primary
agricultural production
(4) Champion of Mismatch between the Improve the capability of
Good Governance capability of the Office of the the Deputized Zoning
(Relevant Deputized Zoning Officer to monitor and
Government Administrator and the enforce compliance to the
Structure) demand for zoning clearances zoning ordinance
Poor coordination of land Organize, activate and
management efforts among capacitate a land
key city government management cluster under
departments or offices the Office of the City Mayor
(The Environment Code
provides the organization
of the City Land use
Committee)
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Chapter 4
SPATIAL STRATEGY, PROPOSED LAND USES AND MAJOR PROJECTS
This Chapter presents, describes and discusses the spatial strategy and the
proposed land uses encompassing the whole land area of the City of San Fernando.
A. Dispersed and Infilling

Spatial Strategy Figure 34 Special Development Areas
Map
The increasing demand
for higher intensity land uses
resulting from the role that
the City of San Fernando in
provincial, regional and 2012-2021
national development and the
local conditions and trends
necessitate the physical
development of a compact
city through dispersion and
infilling.
Food production
continues to be a major land
using activity that should not
be relegated to the
background. Competing land
uses such as residential,
commercial and industrial
uses should be balanced
against the food production
capability of the City’s land
2021 Spatial Strategy
resources. Thus, the
buildable area of the City shall
be a compact one that
optimizes the access provided by the major roads traversing the landscape. The
MacArthur Highway, Jose Abad Santos Avenue, NLEx and the FVR Mega Dike are major
infrastructures that can be used to define the physical development of the City along a
compact development through dispersion and infilling spatial strategy.
As may be seen in Figure 34, the City’s built-up areas shall be encouraged to
develop on both sides of MacArthur Highway and the JASA. The dispersion that is
referred to in this spatial strategy emphasizes the need for simultaneous physical
development of several but adjacent nodes to meet the high demand for buildable
lands. The dispersed infilling strategy recognizes the inter-relationship of physical
62 | P a g e
infrastructures, land resource characteristics and the land use demands. Thus, eight
areas are recognized to have comparative advantages on specific land uses. Within each
development area, despite it having a comparative advantage on a specific land use,
related land uses can also be found. For example although the triangle that forms from
the MacArthur Highway, JASA and Lazatin Boulevard may be identified as the new
Central Business District, one may find residential and institutional areas adjacent to the
commercial areas.
The dispersed infilling strategy further emphasizes the need to develop first those
areas that are vacant within the special development areas prior to considering the
reclassification of the agricultural areas in the peripheries. This is the essence of the
infilling component of the strategy. In some instances, such infilling may consider
densification or redevelopment of existing areas to more dense uses. This is especially
true for residential areas. The demand for residential areas especially near or adjacent
to industrial zones shall incre4ase significantly. This should prod the local government
to resort in high density residential development.
The eight special development areas that form the dispersion strategy are
presented below (Table 10) and are reflected in Figure 34 conceptually defined by the
red circular lines.
Table 10 Coverage and Land Uses in Special Development Areas, CSFP CLUP 2021
Special Development
Barangays Covered Major Land Use Other Land Uses
Area
Commercial, Residential
Old CBD Institutional, City
Government Center
Dolores-San Agustin Commercial Residential, Institutional,
SDA Agricultural
Commercial Residential, Institutional,
San Jose SDA
Agricultural
Regional Commercial, Residential,
Maimpis-Quebiawan-
Government Center, Agricultural
San Isidro SDA
Industries
Sindalan-Calulut Residences
SDA
Lara-Saguin-dela Agri-Industries Residences,
Paz Norte SDA Commercial, Agricultural
Industries Residential, Commercial,
Baliti SDA
Institutional
Telabastagan SDA Residences Commercial, Institutional
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B. Proposed General Land Uses
The proposed land uses up to the year 2021 for the City of San Fernando is
envisioned to achieve the land use objectives set forth in the previous chapter and
directly supports the City’s long term development vision of becoming a “Habitat for
Human Excellence”. It is a land use mix that provides for the development needs for
sustained urban development without unduly sacrificing its food production capability.
The resulting land use mix as presented in Figure 35 recognizes the opportunities
offered by the industrial development in neighboring Clark Special Economic and
Freeport Zone, the Subic Bay Economic and Freeport Zone in Bataan, Olongapo City and
Zambales, and the Hacienda Luisita Special Economic Zone in Tarlac City. It also
recognizes the role of the City of San Fernando with respect to the realization of an East
Coast-West Coast land connection. As the regional government center, the City not only
plays a significant role in regional governance but also in attaining Central Luzon’s socio-
economic goal of sustained inclusive growth and poverty alleviation.
Despite the high demand for buildable lands resulting from the above external
developments, the proposed land use mix of CSFP by 2021 provides for a continuing
agricultural production supported by agri-industrial production areas, residential and
institutional land uses. It shall have a significant increase in industrial (32%) and
commercial (22%) land uses. The extent of the above general land uses is presented in
Table 11 while each of the land use class shall be discussed in more detail in succeeding
sections. The extents of proposed land uses by barangay is provided in Table 11 below
including the barangay proposed land use maps.
Table 11 Extent of Proposed Land Uses

2021 Proposed Uses % Change
Proposed Land Use
Area (sq.m.) % Share (2010 to 2021)
Agricultural 30,516,870 45.05 -6.42
Agri-Industrial 2,743,470 4.05 69.28
Crop Production 27,448,248 40.52 40.85
Park/ Open Space 142,254 0.21
San Fernando River 135,480 0.2
(MRF) Controlled Dumpsite 67,740 0.10
Residential 25,395,726 37.49
Commercial 4,504,710 6.65 21.74
Tourism 514,824 0.76
Industrial 4,836,636 7.14 32.00
Institutional 1,679,952 2.48 9.40
Cemetery 230,316 0.34
Total 67,740,000 100.00
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Figure 35 Proposed Land Use Map
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1. Proposed Agricultural Land Uses

By 2021, the CLUP of the City of San Fernando provides that about 3,090
hectares of its total lands shall still be devoted to agriculture uses. This represents
around 45 percent of the city lands. However, the estimated agricultural lands by
barangay show that six barangays shall have no agricultural lands by 2021. These
barangays compose the old Central Business District of the City and have since
been built-up even prior to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991.
Table 12 Estimated Extent of Agricultural Land Uses by Barangay

% of
% of % of
Park/ Total
Agri- MRF Sn. Fdo. Total Area Total Brgy.
Barangay Croplands Open Sub- Total City
Industrial River by Brgy City Land
Space Agri.
Lands Area
Lands
Alasas 447,094 243,034 690,128 1,270,000 2.23 1.01 67.20
Baliti 1,384,087 148,772 1,532,859 1,980,000 4.96 2.24 60.57
Bulaon 441,275 83,605 524,880 1,660,000 1.70 0.77 31.75
Calulut 1,170,519 35,513 1,206,032 4,750,000 3.90 1.76 35.74
Del Carmen 1,305,322 78,114 1,697 1,385,133 3,090,000 4.48 2.02 51.21
Del Pilar 20,806 20,806 710,000 0.07 0.03 1.50
Del Rosario 770,624 770,624 1,650,000 2.49 1.13 44.01
Dela Paz
Norte 580,465 435,172 1,015,637 1,700,000 3.29 1.48 57.21
Dela Paz Sur 682,227 327,266 1,009,493 1,570,000 3.27 1.47 73.24
Dolores 180,912 21,118 202,030 2,560,000 0.65 0.30 6.08
Juliana - 520,000 0.00 0.00 0.00
Lourdes - 510,000 0.00 0.00 0.00
Magliman 230,609 230,609 1,380,000 0.75 0.34 18.93
Maimpis 2,076,129 2,076,129 2,540,000 6.72 3.03 60.75
Malino 1,009,616 112,150 1,121,766 1,680,000 3.63 1.64 68.86
Malpitic 786,698 786,698 1,310,000 2.55 1.15 66.26
Pandaras 857,620 857,620 1,670,000 2.78 1.25 92.74
Panipuan 2,366,324 103,105 2,469,429 4,360,000 7.99 3.61 73.35
Poblacion - 850,000 0.00 0.00 0.00
Pulungbulu 1,143,821 79,279 1,223,100 1,040,000 3.96 1.79 60.63
Quebiawan 1,032,387 1,032,387 2,340,000 3.34 1.51 44.11
Saguin 176,099 10,838 186,937 1,050,000 0.61 0.27 12.21
San Agustin 469,004 80,794 549,798 2,950,000 1.78 0.80 14.47
San Felipe 2,881,192 2,881,192 2,960,000 9.32 4.21 78.37
San Isidro 125,444 125,444 1,400,000 0.41 0.18 8.93
San Jose 540,335 98,225 638,560 3,220,000 2.07 0.93 20.19
San Juan 495,504 495,504 2,410,000 1.60 0.72 45.96
San Nicolas - 800,000 0.00 0.00 0.00
San Pedro 1,949,393 1,949,393 2,240,000 6.31 2.85 74.21
Sindalan 2,589,756 2,589,756 3,270,000 8.38 3.78 58.57
Sta. Teresita - 810,000 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sta. Lucia 270,451 270,451 870,000 0.88 0.40 24.05
Sto. Nino - 1,360,000 0.00 0.00 0.00
Telabastagan 325,234 11,758 336,992 1,910,000 1.09 0.49 12.98
San Fernando
River 181,991 181,991 181,991 0.59 0.27
Total 27,736,106 2,770,804 143,636 66,114 181,991 30,898,651 67,740,000 100.00 45.14
66 | P a g e
The most extensive agricultural lands shall be found in Barangays Sindalan,

San Felipe, Panipuan, Maimpis and Lara each of which shall have more than 200
hectares reserved for agricultural purposes.
In addition to the croplands, the proposed agricultural land uses include the
development of an agri-industrial area where livestock production (especially
poultry and swine) shall be encouraged to locate. This area shall be adjacent to
the FVR Megadike in Barangays Lara and Dela Paz Norte as shown in Figure 36
below.
Figure 36 Proposed Lara-Saguin-dela Paz Norte SDA Land Use Map
2012-2021
2. Proposed Built-Up Areas
Residential Land Uses. By 2021, the proposed residential uses shall cover
around 2,565 hectares representing some 37 percent of the city’s total land area.
The resulting estimated average residential land population density shall be
around 136 persons per hectare considering only a population that shall grow due
to natural increases as shown in Table 13. This density is characteristic of medium
density development.
The most extensive residential lands shall be in San Agustin which shall have
more than 270 hectares while seven other barangays shall have between 100 and
250 hectares each as may be seen in Figure 37. Except for Barangay Poblacion, the
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estimated population densities in these residential areas range between 40 and

400 persons per hectare considering the population increase due to natural
factors.
Table 13 Estimated Residential Land Population Density by 2021

Indicator Unit of Measure Value
Total Land Area Square meters 68,444,222.00
Actual Gross Population Density Person per hectare
May 1, 2000 32.31
August 1, 2007 39.25
Projected 2021 Population Persons
Due to Natural increase 349,374.00
Including Estimated Migration 395,566.00
Estimated 2021 Gross Population Density Persons per hectare
Due to Natural increase 50.91
Including Estimated Migration 57.64
2021 Proposed Residential lands Hectares 2565.21
Percent of total land 37.48
area
Estimated 2021 Residential land population Persons per hectare
density
Due to Natural increase 136.20
Including Estimated Migration 154.20
Figure 37 Proposed Residential Lands in Hectares by 2021
The limited space available for residential development in Barangay

Poblacion (only around 2,332 square meters shall be dedicated to residential
development by 2021 as may be seen in Figure 37), it has the highest estimated
population density at more than 4,000 persons per hectare. This level of
population density should be a subject of land use policy in the city. This very high
density requires high density development not only for Poblacion but in
neighboring barangays as well so as to spread the population concentration.
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The population growth in Bulaon and Calulut should also be monitored since
they host resettlement areas for families that were affected by the eruption of Mt.
Pinatubo in 1991 and those families that were relocated from the right of way of
the Philippine National Railway (Figure 38). The natural increase population
growth estimates for Bulaon may increase the density in the proposed residential
areas of the barangay up to about 350 persons per hectare which is characteristic
already of a high density residential development. Thus, further residential
development in the barangays should be biased towards high density
development. Such can be attained through multi-storey residential buildings.
Figure 38 Estimated Residential Land Population Density by

2021
The other barangays worth monitoring in terms of population growth are the
in-migration barangays of San Pedro, Quebiawan, Panipuan, dela Paz Sur,
Pandaras and Sta. Teresita. Encouraging the development of transient homes in
these areas may be a priority policy in terms of investment incentives and
infrastructures development. These areas have become favored areas for
temporary residences of possibly migrant workers from other areas and thus, their
residential requirements are not the same as for the barangays that were earlier
discussed.
The estimated population densities for all the barangays indicate a trend
towards the development of a network of built-up areas especially residential
areas in almost all barangays. This necessitates looking into the internal circulation
systems of the City with respect to the major land transport nodes and the other
major support land uses.
Commercial Land Uses. Discuss commercial land development in key

barangays/special development areas and relate to residential development in
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adjacent areas, including the required accessibility conditions as a prelude to the

proposed transport projects.
Industrial Land Uses. Discuss areas where industrial development has

occurred
Figure 39 Proposed Old CBD SDA Land Use Map
2012-2021
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Figure 40 Proposed Sindalan-Calulut-Bulaon SDA Land Use Map
2012-2021
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3. Other Land Uses.
Commercial Land Uses. The new commercial district that emerged as a

response by the business sector during the rehabilitation years after the eruption
of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 shall be encouraged to expand on both sides of the
following roads: MacArthur Highway, Jose Abad Santos and Lazatin Boulevard as
may be seen in Figures 41 and 42 below. The adjacent commercial malls at the
boundary with Mexico along Jose Abad Santos Avenue shall be further encouraged
to expand southeastwards where a business park shall be encouraged to locate.
Figure 41 Proposed Dolores-San Agustin SDA Land Use Map
2012-2021
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Figure 42 Proposed Baliti SDA Land Use Map
2012-2021
The current wide carriageway of JASA from the San Fernando-Mexico

boundary up to the MacArthur-JASA intersection is expected to attract more
commercial activities on both sides especially with the on-going implementation of
its surface improvement and the construction of a pedestrian overpass across the
eight-lane highway.
Both sides of MacArthur from the intersection with JASA up to Barangay St.
Jude shall also be encouraged to attract commercial activities especially financial
services. Thus, this strip shall be marketed as the financial district of the City of
San Fernando. On the other hand, both sides of Lazation Boulevard from its
junctions with JASA and MacArthur Highway shall be encouraged to attract
restaurants and entertainment businesses and shall thus be marketed as the City’s
entertainment district. A strip one-lot deep on both sides of the whole stretch of
MacArthur highway with exceptions is being proposed and reserved for
commercial activities.
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Industrial/Manufacturing Land Uses. The past performance of the City in

attracting industrial activities has been successful because of its natural resources
especially rich groundwater, its strategic location being on the crossroads of major
north-south and east-west roads and access to the DMIA and Subic, and its
favorable regulatory environment. The City Government is a Hall of Famer in
having the most business-friendly governance environment. Thus, big bottling
companies have located their plants in the City. They were followed by other food
manufacturing industries. In the medium term it is expected that other industries
shall consider locating their operations in the City limits. Thus, areas near existing
manufacturing plants have been identified and some areas are being proposed for
industrial expansion uses. Three areas have been identified where lands are being
reserved for such industrial expansion activities. These areas are in Barangays
Baliti and Panipuan (Figure 42), in Barangays Maimpis, Quebiawan and San Isidro
(Figure 43), and Barangay Del Rosario (Figure 44).
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In the Baliti area, Figure 43 Proposed San Isidro-Quebiawan Industrial Area Map
the industrial expansion
areas shall be northeast
of the existing industrial
activities of Cocacola 2012-2021
Bottling and Sarimanok

Feedmill. The access of
current and future
locators in this area shall
be enhanced by widening
the Baliti-Panipuan Road.
In Barangay del
Rosario, industrial land
use is expected to expand
near the junction of the
del Rosario Road with the
FVR megadike road. Figure 44 Proposed del Rosario Industrial Area Map
Universal Robina
Corporation (URC) is
located along the same
road but on the junction 2012-2021
with MacArthur Highway.

Residential areas have
developed in between
these two junctions. The
industrial expansion shall
be around the existing
two other locators as
may be seen in Figure 44.
The del Rosario road is
currently of good
condition having an
asphalt overlay surface. However, its carriageway may need to be widened to
accommodate bigger trucks. Access to the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway may be
through the FVR megadike. However, this road has load limitations being a dike
road. For it to accommodate bigger trucks it has to be rehabilitated and
strengthened and intersection improved to allow turning of articulated trucks.
A third area where industrial expansion is encouraged is in the Maimpis-San

Isidro-Quebiawan Special Development Area. The backside of the existing San
Miguel Corporation site in Barangay Maimpis shall be encouraged to attract
industrial activity. The same is true with the southern area of Barangay San Isidro
bordering Barangay San Agustin. In this case, access can be provided by improving
75 | P a g e
the San Isidro-MacArthur road and opening up a new connector road from
Quebiawan to the del-Carmen-Bulaon Road.
Institutional Land Uses. Being the designated host of the regional

government center of Central Luzon, the most expansive institutional land use in
San Fernando shall be the 18.3-hectare Diosdado Macapagal Government Center
in Barangay Maimpis. Immediately adjacent to it are three other private
institutions -Mother Theresa of Calcutta Hospital, the Social Action Center of
Pampanga (SACOP) Training Center and SACOP Retreat Center as may be seen in
Figure 45.
Figure 45 Diosdado Macapagal Government Center Map
2012-2021
A clustering of institutional land uses has developed within and around the
old CBD as may be seen in Figure 46 above. The city government center in the Old
CBD was decongested with the operation of the Heroes Hall along Lazatin Blvd. It
is expected that the city government use of the Heroes Hall complex shall become
more intense as new services are located in the site. Initially, the city college is
being contemplated to locate at the back of Heroes Hall. Although there are other
propositions to acquire a more expansive land near the new commercial district in
Barangay San Jose.
The provincial capitol compound of Pampanga may also be found in the area
along Capitol Boulevard in Barangay Sto. Nino.
76 | P a g e
Figure 46 Cluster of Institutions Map
2012-2021
In addition to governance institutions, public and private schools and

campuses are found in the area. The campuses of Jose Abad Santos High School,
City Central E/S, Dolores E/S and the University of the Assumption are the largest
education land uses in the area. North of the area is Camp Olivas, the regional
headquarters of the Philippine National Police.
Materials Recovery Facility. The 6.6 hectares site of the materials recovery
facility for the City’s solid waste management program is shown in Figure 47
below. The location is in Barangay Lara immediately adjacent to the FVR megadike
and is surrounded by classified agricultural lands reserved for crop production.
The MRF in the past served as a controlled dump site for the City’s solid wastes but
was ordered closed on full implementation of the Solid Waste Management Act of
2003 for lack of facilities to continue operating as a sanitary landfill. The site can
be the future site of the city sanitary landfill when economics become favorable.
77 | P a g e
Figure 47 Materials Recovery Facility Map
2012-2021
C. Road Transportation Framework
The realization of the proposed land uses discussed in the previous section shall be
supported by a road development framework that decouples the physical development
of the City on the level of service of MacArthur Highway. The dispersed concentration
can be achieved by defusing the primacy of MacArthur highway and in providing for
alternative roads of increased levels of service that are accessible to all the built-up
development areas. This can be achieved through a grid road network composed of two
roads running almost parallel to MacArthur and completing access to and from these
three roads through a series of east to west roads that run almost parallel to the Jose
Abad Santos Highway and crossing MacArthur highway in key points.
The development of this road grid benefits from the physical development that
occurred when the Jose Abad Santos Avenue that runs almost parallel to the old
national road running from Bacolor to San Fernando to Mexico. As may be seen from
Figure 48 below, all barangays are now easily accessible with alternative routes in
contrast to the existing road network that provides access to most barangays through a
single access point. This grid road network effectively supports the dispersed
concentration spatial strategy of this CLUP.
78 | P a g e
Figure 48 Land Transportation Framework Map

240000 242000 244000 246000 248000 250000 252000 254000 256000
Republic of the Philippines
Province of Pampanga
Malino
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO
Pulungbulu
1674000
1674000
COMPREHENSIVE
Telabastagan Panipuan LAND USE PLAN
Rd
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2012-2021
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Zone 51 North
Hor. Datum: Luzon 1911
240000 242000 244000 246000 248000 250000 252000 254000 256000
On the western side of MacArthur Highway, the improvement of San Pedro-Lara

Road shall serve as an alternate route while on the eastern side, Pandaras-Malino shall
serve the purpose. The development of the second road from Pandaras up to Malino
shall also serve as a service road for the North Luzon Expressway. The main beneficiary
of this road is Barangay Pandaras which shall have a new access towards the old Sn
Fernando-Mexico national road and the JASA. On the other hand, the San Pedro-Lara
Road shall provide an alternate route for heavier vehicles that cannot use the FVR
megadike road that currently cannot carry medium to heavy vehicles.
79 | P a g e
The three parallel roads shall be connected by a series of feeder roads as shown in
Table 14 below. All road components shall have an estimated total length of 78
kilometers.
Table 14 Components of the Road Transportation Framework

Name of Road Function in CSFP Length (km.)
MacArthur Highway Trunkline 16.91
Jose Abad Santos Ave. Trunkline 4.47
Bacolor-Sn Fdo-Mexico Old National Road Secondary 5.16
MacArthur Old Road Secondary 1.67
San Pedro-Lara Rd Secondary 14.69
Pandaras-Malino Road Secondary 18.50
Lara-Baliti-Panipuan Rd Feeder 4.41
San Pedro-Pandaras Road Feeder 4.17
San Isidro-Alasas-Quebiawan Road Feeder 3.98
Del Rosario-Sindalan Road Feeder 1.82
Sindalan-Calulut Road Feeder 2.42
D. Disaster Risk Reduction
The topography and the location of the City of San Fernando lend the southern
part of the City to flooding and possibly flooding related disasters. Being a tributary of
the Pampanga River, the San Fernando River conveys floodwaters from the higher areas
towards Manila Bay. Floodwaters from upstream of Pampanga River and the creeks
with headwaters from areas north of San Fernando City are naturally collected in the
San Fernando River. Thus, as shown in Figure 49 below, the areas in the immediate
vicinity of San Fernando River are highly susceptible to flooding including those adjacent
to the four major creeks that flow almost parallel to each from the north.
This was especially true prior to the implementation of the Pinatubo Hazard
Urgent Mitigation Project Phase 3 complemented by the City Government’s Sagip Ilog
Project. In the most recent flooding events that submerged extensive areas in
Pampanga and Bulacan from floodwaters brought by Typhoons Pedring and Quiel
(2011), the same areas in San Fernando would have been underwater for the same
period of almost 18 days. However, the people observed that the usual flooding event
did not occur in the City and attributed such to the Sagip Ilog Project.
Although past flooding events of such magnitude and extent may be a thing of the
past for the City, the uncertainties on rainfall qualities resulting from climate change
may yet render the same areas vulnerable to flooding especially during extreme rainfall
events.
The proposed land uses responds to the vulnerabilities to flooding events as may
be seen in the figure below. Minimal high economic value uses shall be encouraged in
areas highly susceptible to flooding. Except for those uses that are already existing,
80 | P a g e
tourism related uses such as resort development shall be encouraged in the area. Crop
production shall be the main land use to be encouraged. Higher value land uses shall be
encouraged to develop towards the north going to Angeles City.
The proposed road transportation framework also takes cognizance of the flooding
hazard susceptibility of some areas of the city. The grid road network provides
alternative routes for all residential land use areas towards the economic activity
centers.
Figure 49 Flooding and Susceptibility of Proposed Land Uses

Map
2012-2021
E. Major Programs and Projects
The realization of the proposed land use mix shall be facilitated by the
implementation of programs and projects on the following areas: 1) road development;
2) environment management; 3) agricultural productivity enhancement; 4) urban
development; and, 5) governance enhancement.
1. Roads Development Project.
This project shall involve new road opening, road upgrading, rehabilitation,
concreting, widening, and construction of drainage canals. The focus of these
81 | P a g e
activities shall be all in the identified road transport framework. The road sections
are of different classifications and are thus under the management of either the
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), the Provincial Government of
Pampanga, the City Government of San Fernando and the Department of
Agriculture or Agrarian Reform.
The project aims to improve internal circulation and access between and
among the built-up areas and also to provide alternative routes during
emergencies. It aims to improve travel time between the industrial/manufacturing
areas to the inter-regional trunkline roads especially to the North Luzon
Expressway and the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway.
The priority road sections by classification and by responsible agency

including the indicative works are summarized in Table below:
Table 15 Priority Road Sections, By Classification, Indicative Works and Responsible Agency
Responsible
Road Name/ Section Classification Indicative Works Remarks
Agency
MacArthur Highway National DPWH
Widening On-going but
construction
temporarily stopped
due to environment al
issues re cutting of
century old trees
Drainage Same as above
Construction
Jose Abad Santos Ave. National DPWH
Km. _ to Km. _ Widening, drainage On-going thru GSO II
canal construction Project
Km. _ Pedestrian On-going thru GSO II
Overpass Project
Jct. Lazatin Blvd Fly-over On-going thru GSO II
Project
Bacolor-Sn Fdo-Mexico Old National DPWH Concreting Continuing Continuing
National Road Drainage Canal
Improvement
MacArthur Old Road National DPWH Widening and
Drainage Canal
Construction
San Pedro-Lara Rd City/Local CEO
Pandaras-Malino Road Provincial PG
Pampanga
Lara-Baliti-Panipuan Rd City/Local CEO
San Pedro-Pandaras Road City/Local CEO
San Isidro-Alasas- City/Local CEO
Quebiawan Road
Del Rosario-Sindalan Road City/Local CEO
Sindalan-Calulut Road National DPWH
82 | P a g e
2. Environment Management Project
The various components of the environment management project aim to

enhance the natural environment by: 1) improving the conveyance capacity of the
creeks and San Fernando river; 2) providing venues for residents to commune with
nature; 3) stabilizing the banks of the creeks; 4) ensuring groundwater availability;
and 5) improving surface water quality on creeks and the San Fernando river.
The project shall have three major components namely: Sagip Ilog Project;
Sanitary landfill; and, Watershed rehabilitation.
Sagip Ilog is a continuing project that was conceived to support the Pinatubo
Hazard urgent Mitigation Project Phase 3. The initial stages of this project have
been completed and involved the reclamation of the waterways along the San
Fernando River. Its primary activities focused on widening and securing the
easements of San Fernando River. River banks were concreted and the easements
were feed from obstructions. The succeeding stages of the project shall involve
the improvements of tributary creeks.
It shall also include the construction of trash collectors across the barangay
boundaries of these creeks and river bank improvement. Another major sub-
component shall be the establishment of greenlanes along both sides of these
creeks to serve as walkways or jogging lanes for residents.
The sanitary landfill shall also be a sub-component of the environment

management project as it shall contribute to managing the City’s solid wastes that
is generated especially in the residential areas. The development of the City
sanitary landfill shall be in stages that shall build on the materials recovery
activities currently being undertaken in the site in Barangay Lara. The economics
are not yet favorable for the development of a fully operational engineered
sanitary landfill since the volume of solid wastes generated does not justify the
high cost of investment. Neither does the proposed establishment of a power
generating plant that shall be fueled by solid wastes. Thus, the migration of the
current materials recovery facility into an engineered sanitary landfill shall be
contingent on the stable volume of solid waste generation in the city.
The watershed rehabilitation in identified recharge areas of the City’s

groundwater aquifers aims to ensure availability of groundwater. The activities to
be undertaken under this sub-component include: the identification and
appreciation of the groundwater recharge areas; monitoring of groundwater
extraction; and, develop partnerships with the Department of environment and
Natural Resources and concerned local government units to improve the
infiltration rates in the recharge areas. The recharge areas shall most probably be
outside the city limits and therefore the city government shall play a proactive role
83 | P a g e
in protecting these recharge areas and in maintaining the vegetation to ensure

high infiltration rates.
3. Agricultural Productivity Enhancement
This project aims to increase and maintain the productivity of the areas
reserved for agricultural production. The sub-components include the
construction rainwater or surface water harvesting facilities and the establishment
of bamboo groves in key areas along the banks of creeks and the San Fernando
River.
The former supports the natural disaster risk reduction efforts of the City as
it shall involve the construction of underground reservoirs that shall temporarily
store excess surface run-off and make the same available as irrigation water during
the dry months. Climate change scenarios predict drier summer months and
wetter rainy months. Therefore aside from reducing the volume of run-off that is
conveyed directly to the San Fernando River, these underground reservoirs shall
ensure the availability of irrigation water in key crop production areas. The
proposed indicative areas for these underground reservoirs is shown in Figure 50
below.
Figure 50 Location of Underground Reservoir Map
2012-2021
2012-2021
84 | P a g e
The second sub-component involves the identification of areas where

bamboo groves shall be established. The priority areas are along the banks of San
Fernando River and its tributary creeks. The project aims to stabilize the banks of
these surface water conveyance channels and reduce scourings. In the long term,
the project also shall contribute to the development of sources of raw materials
for future higher value adding manufacturing activities using bamboo as a raw
material.
4. Urban Development Program
The Urban Development program consists of several components that are all
meant to improve the overall urban environment especially in the proposed built-
up areas and in the existing and proposed business districts. The components
include: i) Urban Forestry and Parks Development; ii) High Density Residential Area
Development project; iii) Traffic Management Project; iv) Himlayang Fernandino
and Public Cemetery Redevelopment; and, v) Sewerage and Septage Development.
The Urban Forestry and Parks Development Project shall involve the
establishment of forest tree plantations and parks development in public open
areas. It shall also include the development of parks and open spaces in approved
subdivision plans by the subdivision developers. These sites shall be the
contribution of the city government to the national government’s national
greening program.
The High Density Residential Area Development shall involve encouraging

real estate developers to invest in high density residential development to
minimize horizontal expansion of residential areas and to increase the capacity of
a unit residential land. This shall involve the adoption of policies that shall make
investing in such activity attractive. It shall also include prioritization of off-site
infrastructure requirements to pre-identified target areas.
Although the traffic situation has eased in traditionally traffic bottlenecks,

the traffic management shall benefit from the preparation of an overall traffic
management plan that shall include the whole city limits. Said traffic management
plan shall consider the development of the grid road network being proposed
under this CLUP.
Caring for the final resting place of loved ones is a tradition and cultural
practice that shall benefit from the Development of the Himlayang Fernandino and
the Redevelopment of the City Public Cemetery. Congestion has become a
problem in the existing public cemetery that led the city government to develop
the Himlayang Fernandino. However, the old public cemetery needs to be
redeveloped in order to be a mirror of the city becoming a “Habitat of Human
Excellence”.
85 | P a g e
The issue on groundwater quality deterioration is currently being addressed

by the city government through its requirements for a three-chamber domestic
waste treatment facility in every building plan it approves. However, this may not
be enough to reverse the quality deterioration issue especially in the face of a high
rate of urbanization. Thus, the city’s residential areas shall benefit from a
sewerage and septage treatment network that shall ensure that all domestic
wastes are treated before the same are discharged to the ground. The project shall
be pilot-tested in approved subdivisions.
5. Governance Enhancement Project
This proposed Governance Enhancement Project involves upgrading the

capability of the Office of the Deputized Zoning Administrator (DZA) in
implementing this Comprehensive Land use Plan and Zoning Ordinance. This shall
involve providing for additional personnel that shall assist the DZA in performing
his/her mandated functions related to the ZO. It shall also include equipment
upgrades for the office and trainings for the personnel.
The Projects shall also include strengthening the Inter-Office Land

Management Cluster that was created under the City’s Environment Code.
86 | P a g e
Chapter 5
IMPLEMENTING THE CLUP
A. Introduction
The effectiveness of the proposed land use plan in guiding the physical and socio-
economic development of the City of San Fernando depends on its being able to
mobilize public and private sector support and compliance. Several factors affect its
ability to augur improvements in the quality of lives of the people and the attainment of
their shared long term development vision of becoming a
“Habitat for Human Excellence”
These include: i) the establishment and operation of responsive and efficient

implementing institutions; ii) effective and acceptable implementation instruments such
as the zoning ordinance, public infrastructures, or private investments; and iii)
production and making available timely and relevant data and information on the status
of CLUP implementation.
Each of these factors shall be discussed in more detail in the following sections.
B. Institutional Strengthening
The Local Government Code of 1991 reserves to the municipal government the
function and responsibility of regulating land uses within its bounds through its zoning
powers. This is a major responsibility that requires the collective efforts from several
local government departments and offices to optimize the benefits that may be derived
there from. This rationale forms the basis for the proposed creation of a “Land
Management Committee” as a distinct and separate cluster under the office of the
mayor as shown in Figure 51 below.
The committee shall be under the direct supervision of the municipal mayor. Its
functions include: i) formulating land use related policy recommendations; ii) informing
socio-economic development decisions on potential implications on land uses; iii)
monitoring the implementation of the CLUP and Zoning Ordinance, and, iv) mobilizing
support to and ownership of the CLUP.
The committee shall be chaired by the Deputized Zoning Administrator (usually the
City Planning and Development Coordinator, (CPDC) with the following members –
Assessor, Engineer, ENRO, Business License Officer, ABC President and the Chairman of
the SP Committee on Land Use. The secretariat support to the committee shall be
provided by the Office of the CPDC.
87 | P a g e
Figure 51 Proposed Organizational Structure of the City Government of San Fernando, Pampanga
National
Government City Mayor Sangguniang
Agencies Panlungsod
PNP, BFP,
MTC, BIR, Municipal Administrator
DOTC/PO, Secretary to the SB
MARO
General Services Finance Cluster Social Services Land Mgt. Economic Services
Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster
Human Resource Accountant Health Officer DZA/CPDC Agriculturist

Mgt. Officer
Treasurer City Engineer Envt. & Natural
City Engineer Social Welfare & Resource
Dev’t. Officer City Assessor Officer
Business Permit &
Licensing Officer
Civil Registrar Livelihood,
General ENRO
Cooperatives &
Services Officer Budget Officer Economic
Nutrition Officer Business Enterprises Devt.
Permit & Officer
Assessor
Licensing - Market
City College
- Slaughterhouse
Planning &
Development
Coordinator
Barangays
The new cluster shall be responsible for regularly updating the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan and recommend the corresponding amendments to the Zoning
Ordinance. In addition it shall oversee the CLUP’s overall implementation, monitor
compliance to the Zoning Ordinance, determine the benefits derived from these
activities, establish coordinating mechanisms to facilitate the implementation and
compliance, mobilize support to the CLUP, and, develop a sense of ownership among
the residents and other stakeholders of the CLUP and its provisions.
88 | P a g e
A Technical Working Group composed of senior technical staff from each of the
member offices shall be organized to provide technical support services to the
committee (Figure 52). The working group members shall be trained on Geographic
Positioning System (GPS) operations and on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to be
able to provide the committee with land use related information and analyses for their
informed decision and policy recommendations. Each of the offices shall be provided
with information technology hardware capable of handling the high volume of
information and processing requirements of land use analyses.
The secretariat support functions of the CPDO shall be lodged with the zoning
administration division to be headed by a senior technical staff who shall serve as
chairperson of the technical working group. The technical staff of the CPDO shall also
be trained on GPS and GIS operations and be provided with hardware and software.
The division shall be responsible for establishing and maintaining a land use
management related database to be shared with the other member offices.
Figure 52 Structure and Linkages of the Land Use Management Cluster
SP Committee Land Use

on Land Use Management
Cluster
Secretariat
Support
Technical
Working Group
C. CLUP Implementation Instruments
Several implementation instruments are available to the City Government of San

Fernando to realize the future land use mix espoused in this CLUP 2012-2021. The most
potent is its land use regulatory functions through its zoning powers. In addition, the
City can direct land use development through strategic infrastructures investments or
through incentives and disincentives to compliant or non-compliant private
investments.
Zoning Ordinance. Sections 458 a.2 (7-9) and 447 a.2 (7-9) of RA 7160 or the Local
Government Code of 1991 authorizes the Sangguniang Panlungsod to adopt a zoning
ordinance subject to the provisions of existing laws and in conformity with Executive
Order No. 72. The zoning ordinance provides for the administration and enforcement of
the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. Its purpose, therefore, is consistent with that of the
CLUP which is to ensure the availability of land for settlements (residential land use),
food production (agricultural production land use), industrial expansion (manufacturing
89 | P a g e
or industrial land use), and ecological balance (protection land use). In more specific
terms, the City of San Fernando zoning ordinance aims to:
o Direct higher value-adding economic activities, such as manufacturing and

industrial activities, towards areas where the negative impact on settlements
and food production areas will be minimal;
o Provide for settlement development or expansion to accommodate the

increasing population towards areas where there will be minimum pressure on
the ecological balance and on highly productive agricultural lands, and away
from areas exposed to natural hazards thereby minimizing physical
vulnerabilities of families;
o Improve intra-city and inter-barangay physical mobility of goods and the people;
o Provide a policy environment that is predictive and a solid basis for objective
implementation to attract new investments;
o Protect the character and stability of residential, commercial, industrial,

institutional, forestry, agricultural, open space and other functional areas
within the locality and promote the orderly and beneficial development of the
same; and
o Promote and protect the health, safety, peace, comfort, convenience and
general welfare of the inhabitants in the locality.
The draft zoning ordinance accompanying the CLUP 2012-2021 is presented as a

separate volume of this report.
Implementing the CLUP through Public Investments. The major projects identified
in Chapter 4 are expected to contribute to the attainment of CSFP’s proposed land use
mix and development vision. These projects may be implemented through a
combination of government (national government, provincial government or city
government) and private funds. These projects may be considered strategic and
encourage the private sector to comply with the zoning regulations that shall implement
the CLUP.
The same projects should form the core of the proposals in a long term investment
program that should be formulated once the CLUP is approved. The investment program
should be guided by the principles of sharing and continuity.
Considering the revenue generation capacity of the City, it should be able to

mobilize multiple fund sources to realize the projects. In the same manner, the projects
90 | P a g e
cannot be implemented in a single year especially those that are to be funded from local
revenues thereby making it necessary to program them through multi-year programs.
The investment program may be divided into three temporal slices: Phase 1-
immediate term or the first three years; Phase 2 – medium term or the succeeding three
years; and Phase 3 – the remaining four years of the plan implementation period). The
first two temporal slices are conveniently timed with the holding of office of elected
local officials to assist in the formulation of the medium-term plans.
CLUP Implementation through Other Instruments. The zoning ordinance and the
investment program may be complemented or supplemented by other implementation
instruments available to the City. These include an array of policy instruments that fall
within the regulatory powers of the local government. Examples of such policy
instruments are local investment incentives code and environment code. To date, the
City is enforcing these codes and with the approval of the CLUP and the Zoning
Ordinance, there may be a need to review them in order that inconsistencies can be
addressed or clarified. Other policies that may be adopted and implemented include: i)
an expressed bias towards higher value land uses; ii) moratorium on agricultural land
reclassification for horizontal residential development; iii) reclamation of roads rights of
way; (d) reclamation of easements of creeks and rivers; iv) maximizing participation of
barangays in rivers or creek water quality maintenance; v) promotion of low-cost high
density residential development; and, vi) intensified public-private partnership in the
implementation of projects.
D. Monitoring CLUP Implementation
The responsibility of monitoring the implementation of the CLUP and zoning

ordinance shall fall with the Land Management Cluster proposed to be organized under
this CLUP. A set of land use related data and information shall be collected through a
reporting system to be established for the purpose.
The barangays and the respective member offices shall be the main source of data
and information to be submitted to the Cluster on a quarterly basis. The secretariat shall
consolidate these individual barangay and agency reports to form the municipal land
management status report.
91 | P a g e

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Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City of San Fernando, Pampanga 2012-2021

EXCERPTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE 100TH REGULAR SESSION OF

Hon. EDWIN D. SANTIAGO ……………… Presiding Officer

Hon. ARNEL G. SICAT …………………… Member (LBC Pres.)

ORDINANCE NO. 2012-007

AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE COMPREHENSIVE

“THE COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING

COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN OF

The Local Government Code of 1991 (LGC) reserves the responsibility of

A technical assistance team was formed and commissioned by the NEDA 3

B. The Planning Area

In this report, the

C. Planning Process and Limitations

The CSFP-CLUP was prepared

Geographic Information System software (commercial and freeware) were

D. The CLUP and its Relation to Other Plans

The former is a skeletal-circulatory

The Executive and Legislative

This Chapter discusses external and internal factors—the former being

Strengths and weaknesses of

A. External Factors that may affect CSFP’s Land Uses

1. Capital City of the Province of Pampanga

The natural concentration of people in the city which we may conclude

the establishment of secondary and tertiary economic activities in the city.

The eruption of Mt.

As the provincial capital city of Pampanga, it has become the second

2. Located in the Upper Low-lying Areas of Pampanga River Basin

Source: JICA & NWRB 2011

Within Pampanga River Basin can be found three sub-basins, namely:

The construction of PHUMP 3B (summarized in Figure 8) aims to

Figure 8 Development Plan of PHUMP 3B

3. National and Regional Development Initiatives

Externalities to San Fernando’s physical development arise from

The City’s role in regional development is heightened by its being the

Its role in Central Luzon’s development priorities may be appreciated

major north-south (NLEx and MacArthur Highway) and east-west (Gapan-

Figure 9 Google Earth Satellite Image of Pampanga

4. Strategic Location and Accessibility

The City of San Fernando is strategically located at the heart of Central

5. Disaster Risks and Climate Change

Scientists and experts say climate change is now happening as

The recent study conducted by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau

Around 30 percent of the total land area of the City is prone to

As earlier mentioned, San Fernando River at the southern end is the

Schematically, the network of creeks in the City is depicted in the following

Figure 11 Network of Four Creeks

It is worth noting that the headwaters of Calulut Creek which is a

To add insult to injury, public disregard of the Ecological Solid Waste

The City’s changed natural landscape and the consequences of climate

B. Internal Conditions that Bear on CSFP’s Land Uses

1. CSFP’s Development Vision, Goals and Development Directions

―Habitat of Human Excellence‖… The end-state of all development

The City is physically connected to the international port of Subic and

―Gateway to North Philippines, Regional Center of Central Luzon, and

San Fernando’s strategic location being on a major north-south and east-

The City’s initiatives in improving governance systems has already earned it

2. Land Area and Political Boundaries

Table 1 Barangays of City of San Fernando by Land Area