Science - Physics - Thermodynamics - 4 Thermal energy (P1043900)

4.3 Specific heat capacity of water

Experiment by: specific heat capacity of water
Printed: May 8, 2023 7:41:28 AM
interTESS (Version 19.09 B200, Export 2000)

Task

Task
How much heat is needed to raise water's temperature?
Heat 200 ml of water with a heating coil. Measure the temperature increase as a function of the time and determine
the output of the coil.

Use the space below for your own notes.

Logged in as a teacher you will find a button below for additional information.

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 Material

Material

Material from "TESS advanced Physics Set Heat 1, WE-1" (Order No. 15274-88) and from
"TESS advanced Physics Supplementary Set Heat 2, WE-2" (Order No. 15275-88)

Position No. Material Order No. Quantity

1 Lid for student calorimeter 04404-01 1
1 Felt sheet 100 mm x 100 mm 04404-20 2
1 Stopwatch, digital, 1/100 s 24025-00 1
2 Agitator rod 04404-10 1
2 Heating coil with sockets 04450-00 1
2 Pipette, with rubber bulb 64701-00 1
2 Graduated cylinder, 100 ml, PP, transparent 36629-01 1
2 Students thermometer, -10...+110 °C, immersion depth 50 mm 38005-02 1
3 Glass beaker DURAN®, short form, 250 ml 36013-00 1
4 Glass beaker DURAN®, short form, 400 ml 36014-00 1
5 Erlenmeyer flask DURAN®, wide neck, 250 ml 36134-00 1
6 Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, blue 07361-04 2
6 Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, red 07361-01 1
Additional Material
Multi-range meter, analogue 07028-01 1
Power Supply, 0...12 V DC / 6 V, 12 V AC 13506-93 1

Material required for the experiment

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 Setup

Attention!
Before the 12 V heating voltage is applied, the heating coil must be immersed in water; otherwise, it will burn out.

Setup
• Assemble a thermally insulated vessel (calorimeter) using two beakers (250 ml and 400 ml) and two felt sheets.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

• Insert the heating coil carefully through the slit in the calorimeter's lid.

Fig. 3

• Insert the thermometer (d = 8 mm) and agitator rod (d = 5 mm) through the corresponding holes in the lid.

Fig. 4

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• Be sure that the power supply is still turned off.

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 Action

Action
• Fill the Erlenmeyer flask with water.

• First, measure 200 ml of water with the graduated cylinder (exact measurement with the pipette) and then pour
the water in the calorimeter. Record the quantity of water on the Results page.

Fig. 5

• Place the lid with heating coil, thermometer and agitator rod onto the calorimeter.

Fig. 6 Fig. 7

• Set the measuring range of the multi-range meter to 10 A.

• Connect the heating coil to the 12 V AC outlet on the power supply (still turned off!) with the connecting cords
as shown.

Fig. 8 Fig. 9

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 Fig. 10 Fig. 11

• Measure the initial temperature ϑ0 of the water and record it in the blank above Table 1 on the Results page.

• Turn on the power supply and start the stop watch simultaneously.

• Determine the water temperature for 10 min at 1 min intervals. Stir at regular intervals; and record the measured
values in Table 1 (Results page).

• During the heating process, measure and record the current on the Result page.

• Turn off the power supply at the end of the experiment.

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 Results

Results
Quantity of water: V = nnnnn
200 ml
Initial temperature: ϑ0 = nnnnn
20 °C
Current: I = nnnnn
4.5 A
Voltage: U = nnnnn
12 V

Table 1

t in min ϑ in °C
1 nnnnn
20
2 nnnnn
21
3 nnnnn
23
4 nnnnn
27
5 nnnnn
30
6 nnnnn
33
7 nnnnn
38
8 nnnnn
43
9 nnnnn
46
10 nnnnn
48

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 Table 2
m = nnnn
200 g ; P = nnnnn
54 W
t in min Δϑ in °C Q in J c in J/(g°C)
1 nnnnn
0 nnnnnn
3240 nnnnn
undefined
2 nnnnn
1 nnnnnn
6480 nnnnn
32,4
3 nnnnn
3 nnnnnn
9720 nnnnn
16,2
4 nnnnn
7 nnnnnn
12960 nnnnn
9.25714
5 nnnnn
10 nnnnnn
16200 nnnnn
8,1
6 nnnnn
13 nnnnnn
19440 nnnnn
7.47692
7 nnnnn
18 nnnnnn
22680 nnnnn
6,3 This chart is based on the change in temperature right
8 nnnnn
23 nnnnnn
25920 nnnnn
5.63478 before
While the table is based on the changes of temperature
9 nnnnn
26 nnnnnn
29160 nnnnn
5.60769 compared to the
10 nnnnn nnnnnn nnnnn beginning.
28 32400 5.7857
Average value: c = 9,10
nnnnn J/(g°C)

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 Evaluation

Evaluation
Question 1
Determine the mass of the water m = ρ × V (Density ρ = 1.00 g/ml) and record the value above Table 2 on the
Results page.

v= 200ml 1x200= 200

Question 2
Calculate the temperature increase Δϑ = ϑ – ϑ0 and record it in Table 2.

Tfinal= 48. Tinitial=20. 48-20=28

Question 3
Calculate the electrical output of the heating coil P = U × I and record it above Table 2.

12 x 4.5 = 54
Question 4
Calculate the electrical heat energy Q = P × t . Is it as large as the heat added to the water?

Attention!

Convert the heating time to seconds!

For the energy units, 1 Ws = 1 J.

t= seconds 54x (60x10) = 54x600=32400J. Q= m.c.delta T So it isn't as large however

32400=200.c.28 c=5.7857 increases at the same time
Question 5 as the heat.
What is the correlation between heat energy and temperature increase?

They increase as a result of each other. The formula Q(Heat) = m . c.

change in Temperature shows that
they are bound to each other. When if change in temperature decreases, the
heat of the object also decreases.
In the table above this page, we have seen that when there is a bigger
change in temperature, the heat of the object increases.

Question 6
In addition, the following is known:
"The larger the mass of the water to be heated, the greater the required energy."
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For this reason, the following quotient is formed:

c = Q / (m × Δϑ).

This quantity is termed the specific heat capacity.

Complete Table 2 and calculate the average value of c (the specific heat capacity of water).

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 Supplementary Problems

Supplementary problems
Question 1
Look at the chart on the Results page. Determine the specific heat capacity of water from the slope of the line.

1/5
If we compare the change in temperature to the temperature at each time,At
t=10 minutes, the change in temperature is 2 degrees and the starting point
of the slope is at (0,0). So the average slope is 2/10 or 1/5.

If we compare it to the start, at 10 minutes, the temperature change will be

28 degrees and the slope will be 28/10 or 2,8

Question 2
What is the methodological error contained in the experimental procedure? What is its influence on the resulting
specific heat capacity of water?

While heating up the water, we also heat up the glass it is stored in. So we can't
exactly calculate the specific heat capacity of water because at the same time
we are heating the glass up.

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