STRUCTURAL

ANALYSIS-II (CEC 501)

CLASS TEACHER A K BANIK (PART B)
 Textbooks, 1) Structural Analysis- R. C Hibbeler, Pearson Education
and/or
reference 2) Structural Analysis – D Menon, Narosa
materials
3) Analysis of Indeterminate Structures- D V Mallick, D-CAD Publishers

4) Basic Structural Analysis- C S Reddy, Tata MGraw Hill

5) Advanced Strutural Analysis- Devdas Menon Alpha Science International Ltd

6) Elementary Structural Analysis Wilbur & Norris, Mcgraw Hill

7) https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/105/105105180/

8) https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105/106/105106050/
THE STUDY MATERIALS/PRESENTATIONS ARE SOLELY MEANT FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES AND THEY CAN
BE UTILISED, REPRODUCED, MODIFIED, AND DISTRIBUTED BY OTHERS FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES ONLY
WITH PROPER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
Course Title of the Program Core Total Number of contact hours Credit
Code course (PCR) / Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Electives (PEL) (L) (T) (P) Hours

CEC Structural PCR 3 1 0 4 4

501 Analysis-II

Pre-requisites Course Assessment Methods

Solid Mechanics & Continuous (CT) and end assessment (EA), CT+EA
Structural Analysis -I

Part B Course Instructor: Dr. A K Banik

CONTENTS SHALL BE COVERED UNDER PART B

Influence lines for Flexibility Method Stiffness Method Approximate

Indeterminate of Structural of Structural Methods for
Structures Analysis Analysis Frame Analysis
Lecture (40 Topics covered under Influence lines
minutes
duration)

Lecture 1 & 2 Influence lines: Influence lines for indeterminate structures, Muller
Breslau principle, Procedure for drawing qualitative ILD: Reaction,
Moment, Shear for redundant beams and frames

Lecture 3 & 4 Influence lines: Influence lines for indeterminate structures, Muller
Breslau principle, Procedure for development of qualitative ILD:
Reaction, Moment, Shear for redundant beams and frames contd.

Lecture 5 & 6 Influence lines: Influence lines for indeterminate structures, Muller
Breslau principle, Procedure for development of quantitative ILD:
Reaction, Moment, Shear for redundant beams
INFLUENCE LINES FOR INDETERMINATE
STRUCTURES

The varying position of live loads on a structure influences the strength

oits members and need to be designed for worst condition of loading.

An influence line represents the value of any action of a member due to

a unit load moving across the structure

From the ILD, it is known that the way the structure to be so loaded
that the maximum effect of the action at a given section is obtained.

ILD are very useful for structures like bridges, gantry girders and beams
subjected to moving loads
MULLER- • Muller Breslau principle (1887) states that
BRESLAU the ordinates of the influence lines for any
PRINCIPLE action (BM, SF, Stress, Thrust or Reaction at a
support) are given by the deflected shape of
the structure obtained by suppressing the
restarint under consideration and then by
introducing a unit displacement in the
direction of corresponding choosen action at
the location.
TWO STEPS PROCEDURE FOR DRAWING ILD

(1) Suppress the action at the section of a structure for which an

Influence line is required keeping the remaining internal stress
resistances intact at this section

(2) Next apply either a force or a pair of forces depending

upon the type of action in the opposite direction of their
positive action at the section so as to cause unit
displacement. The resulting deflected curve to some scale
will represent to some scale the influence line with
positive ordinates in the direction of unit loads
INFLUENCE LINE FOR REACTION AT C
QUALITATIVELY BY MULLER-BRESLAU PRINCIPLE
• The reaction at C is removed
• Introduce a unit displacement in a
direction opposite to the positive
direction of the restraint (here it is
reaction)
• The resulting deflection curve is IL
for reaction at C wth its positive
ordinates in the direction of loads
 INFLUENCE LINE FOR NEGATIVE MOMENT AT B
QUALITATIVELY BY MULLER-BRESLAU PRINCIPLE
• The moment resistance at B is
removed by introducing a hinge at B
• Introduce a unit relative
displacement in terms of rotation
which will corresponds to a positive
moment causing sagging curvature on
either side of the point B.
 INFLUENCE LINE FOR POSITIVE MOMENT AT
B QUALITATIVELY BY MULLER-BRESLAU
PRINCIPLE
• The deflected shape under unit load
• where and are moment and slope at
the section B.
• Now, the moment resistance at B is removed by
introducing a hinge at B. The suppressed moment
component at the released section is replaced by a
couple Moment MB consisting of a pair of
moments are applied on either side of the hinge in
the opposite direction of the required action such
that a relative rotation is produced between
the tangents on either side of the hinge.
• Therefore, Introduce a unit relative displacement
in terms of rotation which will corresponds to a
negative moment causing hogging curvature on
either side of the hinge at B.
INFLUENCE LINE FOR POSITIVE MOMENT AT
X QUALITATIVELY BY MULLER-BRESLAU PRINCIPLE
• The moment resistance at x is
removed by introducing a hinge at X
• Introduce a unit relative
displacement in terms of rotation
which will corresponds to a
negative moment causing
hogging curvature on either side of
the hinge at x.
INFLUENCE LINE FOR POSITIVE SHEAR FORCE AT
X QUALITATIVELY BY MULLER-BRESLAU PRINCIPLE
• The shear resistance at x is removed but
other restraints are kept intact.
• The moment resistance can be
retained provided the cut ends are moved
up and down such that tangent at the cut
ends of respective portion of the curves
are parallel resulting relative rotation
between the two ends is zero.
• The vertical distance between the two cut
ends will be equal to unity.
INFLUENCE LINE FOR
POSITIVE MOMENT AT
D QUALITATIVELY
BY MULLER-BRESLAU
PRINCIPLE
 QUANTITATIVE COMPUTATION OF ORDINATES
OF INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAM
From the Qualitative Influence line diagram for indeterminate structures, it is seen that these are
curved unlike straight lines for determinate structure.Therefore, to develop ILD for
indeterminate structures, ordinates at various sections must be computed.
Influence lines for beams
• It is generally difficult to know in advance the value of applied force or a pair
of forces depending upon the type of released action which will cause a unit displacement at
that section.To overcome this difficulty a unit value of force or a pair of forces is considered at
the coordinate of released action say A and the displacement is computed at A which is
eventually known as flexibility coefficient denoted by fAA
Influence lines for beams (contd.)
• Determine the ordinates of deflection curve at specified points along the length of the
beam due to the applied unit force.
• Divide these ordinates by fAA to obtain true ordinates of the influence line. Obviously,
the displacement at section A under consideration will be equal to unity (fAA/fAA )
• To draw, IL, the ordinates of the deflection curve due to unit value of applied force at
the coordinate of released action are first obtained and then divided by the flexibility
coefficient at that section.
DETERMINATION OF THE ORDINATES OF THE INFLUENCE
LINES FOR REACTON AT SUPPORT A, R
A
QUALITATIVE
INFLUENCE LINES
FOR REACTON AT
A
BMD OF THE RELEASED STRUCTURE DUE TO A UNIT VALUE
OF THE RELEASED ACTION APPLIED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION
 A CONJUGATE BEAM LOADED WITH M/EI DIAGRAM

The reaction and

moment at supports
on the conjugate beam
are computed by the
equations of static
equilibrium.
THE MOMENT VALUES AT SPECIFIED INTERVAL OF CONJUGATE BEAM
WILL REPRESENT DEFLECTION ORDINATES OF THE REAL BEAM.
 INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAM WITH ORDINATES AT DIFFERENT
POINTS

DIVIDING ALL THE

MOMENT VALUES
BY MA =FAA , THE
ORDINATES OF
INFLUENCE LINE CURVE
ARE OBTAINED.
DETERMINATION OF THE ORDINATES OF THE INFLUENCE LINES
FOR THE POSITIVE MOMENT AT A SECTION X
QULITITATIVE
INFLUENCE LINES
FOR POSITIVE
MOMENT AT X
BMD OF THE RELEASED STRUCTURE DUE TO A UNIT VALUE
OF THE RELEASED ACTION APPLIED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION
 A CONJUGATE BEAM LOADED WITH M/EI
DIAGRAM

• The reaction at supports on the conjugate beam are

computed by the equations of static equilibrium.
THE MOMENT VALUES AT SPECIFIED INTERVAL OF CONJUGATE
BEAM WILL REPRESENT DISPLACEMENT ORDINATES OF THE REAL
BEAM.
 INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAM FOR POSITIVE
MOMENT AT X WITH VARIOUS ORDINATES
Dividing the above moment
values by the flexibility
coefficient fxx (displacement
due to unit moment) at
section x which represents
difference in shear force
given by reaction at Rx in
conjugate beam, the
ordinates of the influence
lines curve are obtained.
QULITITATIVE
INFLUENCE LINES
FOR POSITIVE
SHEAR FORCE AT
X
BMD OF THE RELEASED STRUCTURE DUE
TO EQUAL AND OPPOSITE UNIT FORCES
A CONJUGATE BEAM LOADED WITH M/EI DIAGRAM
THE MOMENT VALUES AT SPECIFIED INTERVAL OF CONJUGATE
BEAM WILL REPRESENT DISPLACEMENT ORDINATES OF THE
REAL BEAM.
 INFLUENCE LINE DIAGRAM FOR POSITIVE SHEAR
AT X WITH VARIOUS ORDINATES
Finally, the ordinates of the
influence lines curve for the
shear force at a section
under consideration is
obtained by dividing the
above moment values by the
flexibility coefficient at the
section of released action.