TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

401064
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
CHAPTER 12: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Tran Hoang Quang Minh, PhD

Phan Thanh Tai, ME

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 CHAPTER 12:
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

12.1 Displacement Current and the General Form of

Ampère’s Law
12.2 Maxwell’s Equations and Hertz’s Discoveries
12.3 Plane Electromagnetic Waves
12.4 Energy Carried by Electromagnetic Waves
12.5 Momentum and Radiation Pressure
12.6 Production of Electromagnetic Waves by an
Antenna
12.7 The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves

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 OBJECTIVES

▪ Consider Maxwell’s contributions in modifying

Ampère’s law.
▪ Discuss Maxwell’s equations.
▪ Learn how electromagnetic waves are
generated by oscillating electric charges.

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 12.1 DISPLACEMENT CURRENT AND THE
GENERAL FORM OF AMPÈRE’S LAW

Displacement current

Ampère–Maxwell law

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 12.1 DISPLACEMENT CURRENT AND THE
GENERAL FORM OF AMPÈRE’S LAW

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 12.2 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS
AND HERTZ’S DISCOVERIES
Maxwell’s equations

Gauss’s law

Gauss’s law in magnetism

Faraday’s law

Ampère–Maxwell law

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 12.2 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS
AND HERTZ’S DISCOVERIES

Lorentz force law

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 12.3 PLANE ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES

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 12.3 PLANE ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES

1
v=
r  0  k   0

Speed of
electromagnetic
waves.

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 12.4 ENERGY CARRIED BY
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Poynting vector

Wave intensity

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 12.4 ENERGY CARRIED BY
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Total instantaneous energy

density of an electromagnetic
wave

Average energy density

of an electromagnetic
wave

The intensity of an electromagnetic wave equals

the average energy density multiplied by the
speed of light.
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 12.4 ENERGY CARRIED BY
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

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 12.5 MOMENTUM AND
RADIATION PRESSURE

Momentum transported to a
perfectly absorbing surface

Radiation pressure exerted on a

perfectly absorbing surface

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 12.6 PRODUCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES BY AN ANTENNA

The fundamental mechanism responsible for this

radiation is the acceleration of a charged particle.
Whenever a charged particle accelerates, it radiates
energy.
A half-wave antenna
consists of two metal
rods connected to an
alternating voltage
source.

Angular dependence
of the intensity of radiation
produced by an oscillating
electric dipole.
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 12.7 THE SPECTRUM OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Radio waves, whose wavelengths

range from more than 104 m to about
0.1 m.
Microwaves have wavelengths ranging
from approximately 0.3 m to 10-4 m and
are also generated by electronic
devices.
Infrared waves have wavelengths
ranging from approximately 10-3 m to
the longest wavelength of visible light,
7 .10-7 m.
Visible light, the most familiar form of
electromagnetic waves, is the part of
the electromagnetic spectrum the
human eye can detect.

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 SUMMARY AND ASSIGNMENT

In this chapter, we have learnt:

▪Consider Maxwell’s contributions in modifying
Ampère’s law.
▪Discuss Maxwell’s equations.
▪Learn how electromagnetic waves are generated
by oscillating electric charges.
•Assignments: Quick Quizzes 33.1-33.5.

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 EXERCISES

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 EXERCISES

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