KUNWOR, BISHAL SGD: 8 SECTION: A2

PARASITOLOGY LABORATORY EXRERCISE 6 NEMATODES OBSERVATIONS

1. Ascaris lumbricoides (Giant Intestinal Roundworm) OVA

Fertilized, corticated Fertilized, decorticated

Unfertilized, corticated Unfertilized, decorticated

2. Ascaris lumbricoides
i. Female Adult (Cross Section)
 ii. Male Adult (Cross Section)

3. Trichuris trichiura

Ova Adult

4. Hookworm OVA
5. Hookworm LARVA

6. Hookworm ADULT

7. Strongyloides stercolaris

Adult Egg

Larva
 8. Trichinella spiralis larva

9. Capillaria philipinensis Ova

GUIDE QEUSTIONS

1. Discuss the clinical conditions associated with nematode infection.

Ans: Severity of the nematode infection depends upon the immune status of
the host; number of worms present and time the infection persists. Clinical
conditions related to the nematode infection are bulleted below:
➢ Infection can last up to 12 months or even longer.
➢ Reinfection/autoinfection increases the time period of infection.
➢ Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, eosinophilia etc. are
general condition observed in the nematode infection.
➢ Skin irritation, formation of skin blister and muscle can also be involved.
Skin irritation is often related to the entry site of parasite.
➢ Muscle is involved in the case of Trichinosis, where encysted larva resides
in the striated muscles.
2. What are the essential laboratory diagnosis tool or procedures to identify ova
of nematodes?
Ans: The laboratory diagnosis procedures for identifying ova of nematodes can
be as follows:
➢ Cellophane tape around perianal region as in case of Pinworm/Seat
worm.
➢ Ova can be recovered from stool. This can be useful in case of
Whipworm, roundworm, hookworm, threadworm.

3. Differentiate a Trichuris trichiura and Capillaria philipinensis Ova.

Ans: The difference between Ova of Trichuris trichiura and Capillaria
philipinensis is tabulated below:
Parameter Trichuris trichiura Capillaria philipinensis
Size 50-55 by 25 µm 36 to 45 μm by 20 μm
Barrel, football; hyaline polar peanut-shaped, flattened
Shape
plug at each end bipolar plugs
Smooth; yellow-brown color
Shell Striated shells
because of bile contact

4. Differentiate the buccal capsule of Ancylostoma and Necator.

Ans: Characteristics of buccal capsule can be good point to distinguish the
two species of hookworm Ancylostoma and Necator.

Parameter Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus

Four chitinous cutting plate
Bears six teeth
present
• Four hook like ventral
Buccal • Two ventral and two dorsal
teeth
capsule • Dorsomedian teeth are
• Two knob like dorsal
present
 5. What causes the rectal prolapse in trichiuriasis?
Ans: Heavy infection causes many symptoms in trichiuriasis infection. One of
the common is rectal prolapse too. The cause of rectal prolapse is heavy worm
load in rectum and malnutrition. Specifically, Edema of the rectum, produced
by numbers of worms embedded in that area, is responsible.

References
Zeibig, E. A. (2013). The Nematodes. In Clinical parasitology (pp. 188-216).