CAUSE AND EFFECT

CAUSE

It was raining. We didn’t go out

We didn’t go out because it was raining.

Since / As it was raining, we didn’t go out.
Due to / Because of / Owing to the rain, we didn’t go out.
We didn’t go out due to / because of/ owing to the rain

because / since / as / due to / because of / Owing to + cause

“Thanks to” can be used instead of “because of, due to, owing to” but only in a positive way.

eg: Thanks to the cell phone, people can easily get in touch with each other.

NB : due to / because of / Owing to / thanks to + noun

Expressions /Verbs of “effect” that are followed by a NOUN PHRASE:

lead to – result in – causes – be (is/are…) caused by -- is the leading cause of

Unemployment causes the emigration of highly qualified people.

Air pollution is the leading cause of many respiratory diseases.
Hard work leads to success.
Many social problems are caused by illiteracy.

EFFECT

As a result,
That’s why,
As a consequence,
It was raining. Consequently, we didn’t go out.
( cause) Therefore, ( effect )
Thus,
For this reason,
, so

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences: Because or Because Of ?

1) He moved to Paris ..................................... he got a new job there
2) They got late to work …………………………………………. the heavy traffic
3) I couldn’t understand her ...................................... her accent.
4) It was difficult to drive ..................................... it was foggy.
5) Many people are putting on weight ……………………………………………. fast food
6) Many children leave school at an early age ………………………………… lack of motivation.
7) She couldn’t hear the doorbell ………………………………………. the kids were making so much
noise.
8) The kids hurried indoors ................................... they were afraid of the dog.

Fill in the blanks with the right words

1. She was afraid of making mistakes ………………………………………., she didn’t answer the teacher’s
question.
because – consequently - since
2. The road was icy …………………………………………….., he drove slowly
for this reason – since – due to
3. Smoking cigarettes ………………………………………………………….lung cancer.
due to – is the leading cause of – as a result
4. She forgot to set the alarm clock …………………………………….., she overslept.
therefore – since – because of
5. A lot of children leave their homes ……………………………………………..family problems.
because – due to – hence
6. Lack of sleep, while driving, ………………......................………..many fatal driving errors.
Is caused by - results in - due to

Rewrite these sentences using the words between brackets:

1) There are not many job opportunities in the countryside. Young people move to cities. (because)
…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..
2) The plane couldn’t take off. It was foggy. ( because of )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….
3) Factories throw chemical waste in the sea. Hundreds of thousands of fish die every year.( that’s why )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..……………….
4) She didn’t have any work experience. She couldn’t find a well-paid job. ( since )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………..……………….
5) They got lost. They forgot to bring a map. (as a result )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………..………………….
7) He was very convincing. Everybody did what he asked. (therefore)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………..………………….