Life & works of Rizal

the worksASin RIZAL

REPUBLIC ACT 1425 KNOWN
LAW major
- Jose Rizal’s vast Philippine
role in the languages.
attainment of
the nation’s Jose P. Laurel, who
freedom led to co-wrote the law
the issuance of - Since Jose Rizal
Republic Act was the
1425 founder of the
( commonly country’s
known as Rizal nationalism
Act) on June and had
12, 1956 by significantly
Senator Claro contributed to
M. Recto. the current
condition of
RA 1425 MANDATES US TO DO
the nation, it is
“An Act to Include in
only right that
the Curricula of All
Filipinos,
Public and Private
especially the
Schools, Colleges and
youth, will
Universities Courses
know about
on the Life,
and learn to
Works and Writings
imbibe the
of Jose Rizal,
great ideals for
particularly his
which the hero
Novels Noli Me
died.
Tangere and El
- The Noli & El
Filibusterismo will be
Fili must be
included in the
read by all
school curriculum to
Filipinos. They
educate the students
must be taken
the concept of
to heart, for in
nationalism, and
their pages we
Authorizing the
see ourselves
Printing and
as in a mirror;
Distribution Thereof,
our defects as
and for Other
well as our
Purposes.”
strength, our
virtues as well
The first section of
as our vices.
the law:
- Only then
- concerns
would be
mandating the
become
students to
conscious as a
read Rizal’s
people, and so
novels.
learn to
The last two sections: prepare
- making Rizal’s ourselves for
writings painful
accessible to sacrifices that
the general ultimately lead
public, and to self-reliance,
mandate the
publication of

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 selfrespect, to discerning,
and freedom. evaluative, and
Rizal Law aims to accomplish analytical
the following goals:
1. To thinking.
rededicate the lives 6. Rizal can serve as a
of youth to the ideals worthwhile model
of freedom and and inspiration to
nationalism, for every Filipino
which our heroes 7. The subject is a
lived and died. rich source of
2. To pay entertaining
tribute to our narratives
national hero for - the original
devoting his life and manuscripts of
works in shaping the Rizal’s novel
Filipino character. (Noli and Fili)
3. To gain an were once
inspiring source of stolen for
patriotism and ransom, but
nationalism through Alejandro
the study of Rizal’s Roces had
life, works, and retrieved them
writings. without paying
even a single
The Importance of Studying Rizal
centavo.
1. The subject
provides insights The Women in the life of Rizal
on how to deal 1. SEGUNDA
with current KATIGBAK: Jose
problems. Rizal’s First Love
2. It helps us 2. LEONOR RIVERA:
understand better Jose Rizal’s True
ourselves as Love
Filipinos 3. LEONOR
3. It teaches VALENZUELA: Jose
nationalism and Rizal’s invisible love
patriotism: letters4.
- Nationalism CONSUELO ORTIGA
involves the Y REY: The crush
desire to attain ng Bayan in Rizal’s
freedom and time
political 5. SEIKO USUI/ O’ SEI
independence, SAN: Jose Rizal’s
especially by a Japanese girlfriend
country under 6. GERTRUDE
foreign power. BECKETT: Jose
- Patriotism Rizal’s fling in
denotes proud London
devotion and 7. SUZANNE JACOBY:
loyalty. Jose Rizal's Fling in
4. It provides various Belgium
essential life 8. NELLIE BOUSTED:
lessons5. It helps Jose Rizal’s almost
in developing wife
logical and critical 9. JOSEPHINE
thinking: BRACKEN: Jose
- Critical Rizal’s dear and
Thinking refers Unhappy wife

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 Life & works of
INTRODUCTION
Rizal
- This political instability in Spain adversely
affected Philippine
- To appreciate and AMERICAN
understand the life COUNTRIES:
of Dr. Rizal, it is - Paraguay ( 1811)
necessary to know - Argentina ( 1816)
the historical - Chile ( 1817)
background of the - Columbia and
world and of the Ecuador ( 1819)
Philippines during CENTRAL AMERICAN
his time. COUNTRIES
- The imperialist - Costa Rica
powers were VENEZUELA
enjoying the fruits ( 1822)
of their colonial - Honduras
ventures and PERU ( 1824)
achieving global - Guatemala
prestige, Spain 1821
once upon a time BOLIVIA/
became the URUGUAY ( 1825)
mistress of the - El Salvador
world, but was - Nicaragua
stagnating as a
world power. Spain never learned a
Rich countries who lesson from the loss
were under Spain’s of these colonies, for
dominion, her she continued her
imperial glory ended, despotic rule over
as they learn to fight her remaining
against their overseas colonies,
oppressors. These including CUBA,
former Spanish PUERTO RICO and
colonies had risen in PHILIPPINES.
arms against Spanish
tyranny and achieved During that Rizal’s
their independence. time, the sinister
shadows of Spain’s
Spain lost rich decadence darkened
colonies and these Philippine skies.
countries are (18th The Filipino people
century) LATIN agonized beneath the

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yoke of Spanish - From 1835- 1897,
misrule, for they the phils was
were unfortunate ruled by 50
victims of the evils of governors
an unjust, bigoted general, each
and deteriorating serving an
colonial power. average term of
only 1 year and 3
11 EVILS DURING months.
THE SPANISH ERA IN
THE COUNTRY 2. Corrupt Officials
1. Instability of- The colonial
Colonial officials
Administration ( judges,
- The instability of provincial
Spanish politics in executives,gove
the Phils started rnor gen.) sent
since the by spain to the
turbulent reign of phils in the
King Ferdinand VII 19th century,
(1808 – 1833) were a far cry
marked the from their able
beginning of and dedicated
political chaos in predecessors of
Spain. the 16th, 17th ,
- From 1834-1862 18th centuries.'
Spain had - They were
adopted 4 either highly
constitutions, corrupt,
elected 28 incompetent,
parliaments, and cruel, or venal
installed no less and that
than 529 apparently,
ministers and symbolizes the
portfolios. decadent of
- This political Spain in the
instability in Spain 19th century.
adversely affected
Philippine affairs Corrupt Colonial
because it Officials
brought about a. Gen. Rafael de
frequent periodic Isquerdo (1871-
shifts in colonial 1873)
policies and a - a boastful and
periodic rigodon ruthless
of colonial governor
officials. general,
aroused the
anger of the
Filipinos by
- The frequent
executing the
change of colonial
innocent
officials
GOMBURZA
hampered the
fathers in 1872.
political and
(Mariano
economic
Gomez, Jose
development of
Burgos, Jacinto
the phils.

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 Zamora). They for his wife
are called the from wealthy
martyrs of Chinese who
1872. evaded the
b. Gen. Fernando anti-Chinese
Primo de Rivera – law. He arrived
(1880-1883) in as a poor
( 1897-1898). man, and
- governor returned to
general for 2 Spain as a
terms millionaire.
- unjustly - As tyrant, He
enriched brutally
himself by persecuted the
accepted Calamba
bribes from tenants,
gambling particularly the
casinos in family of Dr.
Manila which Jose Rizal. The
he Cubans
scandalously contemptuousl
permitted to y cursed him as
operate. the “ The
c. Admiral Jose Butcher
Malcampo because of his
- successor of ruthless
Izquierdo who reconcentratio
was a good n policy during
Moro fighter his brief
but was an governorship in
inept and weak Cuba in 1896,
administrator. causing the
- 1874-77 death of
•Admiral Jose thousands of
Malcampo Cubans.
became e. Gen. Camilo de
governorgener Polavieja – ( 1896-
al. 97)
d. Gen. Valeriano - An able
Weyler (1888- militarist but
1891) heartless
- cruel and governor
corrupt general, and
governor was widely
general, detested by the
received huge Filipino people
bribes, gifts for executing
and diamonds Dr. Jose Rizal.

Other Spanish
colonial officials
were of the same
evil breed of men
as the corrupt and
degenerate
governor-general
mentioned above.

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 - the fact that - Dr. Jose Rizal,
Puerto Rico and M.H. del Pilar,
Cuba were Graciano Lopez
granted Jaena, and
representation other youthful
in the Cortes by patriots
the Spanish launched the
Constitution in Propaganda
1876. Until the Movement,
end of Spanish which paved the
rule in 1898, way for the
Phil Philippine
representation Revolution of
was never 1896.
restored.
- Dr. Jose Rizal, M.H. d
Other Spanish colonial officials were of the same evil breed of youthful patriots laun
men as the corrupt and degenerate governor-general mentioned paved the way for the
above.
4.Human Rights Deni
After the loss of other colonies numerous job seekers and penniless - The people of S
Spanish sycophants came to the Phils, where they became judges, freedom of the
provincials executives, army officers, and empleados. other human ri
- The Spanish au
They were either relatives or proteges of civil officials and frias. rights or consti
Mostly ignorant and profligate, they conduct themselves with the Filipinos in
ignorance and superciliousness, because of their alien white skin
and tall noses. They became rich by illegal means or marrying 5.No Equality before
the heiresses of rich Filipino families. - Spanish missio
the Phils, taugh
3.No Representation in the Spanish Cortes race, are childr
- The Phils experienced her 1st period of representation in equal before G
the Spanish cortes (1810-1813), 1st Phil. representation practice.
fruitful with beneficent results for the welfare of the
- The law being d
colony. However, the 2nd Phil representation (1820-23) &
the white Span
3rd period (1834-37) were less fruitful because the Phil
both may be eq
delegate were not as energetic and devoted in
parliamentary work as de los Reyes. - they arrogantly
First delegate to the parliament was VENTURA DE LOS REYES and inferior beings,
his achievements: - Filipinos were a
1. Took an active part in the framing of the Constitution of 1812 slandered by th
(Spain’s 1st democratic constitution and one of the 184 signers) - - Spanish Penal C
this constitution was not extended to the Phils. whitecomplexi
2. Abolition of the Galeon Trade. native Filipinos
the representation of the overseas colonies in the Spanish Cortes
was abolished in 1837. 6.Maladministration
- Since then the Philippine conditions worsened because - The courts of ju
there was no means by which the Filipino people could Phils. Verily, the
expose the anomalies perpetrated by the colonial officials. browned-skinn
Philippine representation in the Cortes was never - Justice was cos
restored. access to the c
- Many Filipino patriots valiantly pleaded for the restoration of skin were pr
of Phil representation in the Cortes and one of them, the court.
silver-tongued Graciano Lopez Jaena.
- Spain ignored the fervent plea of Lopez Jaena and his
compariots.

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7.Racial Discrimination
Spaniards derisively called brown-skinned and
flat nosed Filipinos “Indios” (Indians).
In retaliation, the Filipinos jealously dubbed
their palecomplexioned term “BANGUS” (milk
fish)
- Lack of opportunities, During Rizal’s time,
a white skin, a high nose, and Castilian
lineage were a badge of vaunted
superiority.
8.Frailocracy
Spanish political Philosophy of UNION OF
CHURCH AND STATE, there arose a unique form
of government in Hispanic Phils called
FRAILOCRACY (GOVERNMENT BY THE FRIARS)
- the Friars (Augustinians, Dominicans and
Franciscans) – controlled the religious and
educational life of the Philippines and
later in the 19th century they came to
acquire tremendous political power,
influence and riches.
- Friars controlled government from
governor general down to alcaldes
mayores

9.Forced Labor
- It was the compulsory labor imposed by
the Spanish colonial authorities on adult
Filipino males
- Not only native Filipinos are recruited to l
render forced labor, but also male Spanish
residents but this was never
implemented. Only brown Filipinos did
the dirty job.
- Filipinos came to hate the forced labor
because of the abuses connected with it.

10.Hacienda's owned by Friars

- Spanish friars belonging to different
religious orders were the riches landlords,
for they owned the best haciendas ( agri
land) in the Phils.
- The rural folks, who had been living in
these haciendas and cultivating them
generation after generation became
tenants.

11.Guardia Civil
The last hated symbol of Spanish tyranny.
- The purpose is to maintain internal peace
and order in the Philippines but later

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became infamous for their rampant
abuses.

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