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Chapter 7 Ionic Bonding
Chapter 7 Ionic Bonding
Electrons - 17 -18
Electrons - 20 -18
Protons +20 +20 Protons +17 +17
• Sodium Atom
• Sodium is a group 1 metal so will lose one outer electron to another
atom to have a full outer shell of electrons
• They will lose an electron to form a positive ion with the charge 1+
• Na 2 . 8 . 1 → Na+ 2 . 8
Chlorine Atom
• MAGNESIUM ATOM
• Magnesium is a group 2 metal so will lose two outer electrons to
another atom to have a full outer shell of electrons
• They will lose two electrons to form a positive ion with the charge 2+
• Mg 2 . 8 . 2 → Mg2+ 2 . 8
• OXYGEN ATOM
• Oxygen is a group 6 non-metal so will need to gain two electrons to have a full
outer shell of electrons
• Two electrons will be transferred from the outer shell of the Magnesium Atom to the
outer shell of the oxygen atom
• Oxygen atom will gain two electrons to form a negative ion with charge 2-
• O 2.6 → O2- 2 . 8
• Formula of Ionic Compound: MgO
Calcium Chloride
Potassium Sulfide
Dot-and-Cross Diagrams of Ionic Compounds
• Sodium is a group 1 metal so will lose one outer electron to another atom to have a
full outer shell of electrons
• They will lose an electron to form a positive ion with the charge 1+
• Chlorine is a group 7 non – metal so will need to gain an electron to have a full
outer shell of electrons
• One electron will be transferred from the outer shell of the Sodium atom to the
outer shell of the Chlorine atom
• Chlorine atom will gain an electron to form a negative ion with charge 1-
• Formula of Ionic Compound: NaCl
Example 2:
Magnesium
Oxide, MgO,
has a typical
ionic bond
Explanation
• Magnesium is a group 2 metal so will lose two outer electrons to another atom to
have a full outer shell of electrons
• They will lose two electrons to form a positive ion with the charge 2+
• Oxygen is a group 6 non – metal so will need to gain two electrons to have a full
outer shell of electrons
• Two electrons will be transferred from the outer shell of the Magnesium atom to the
outer shell of the Oxygen atom
• Oxygen atom will gain two electrons to form a negative ion with charge 2-
• Formula of ionic compound: MgO
Aluminium fluoride
Lithium Nitride
Ionic Bonding
• Melting and boiling point depends on the force that holds the
particles.
• Giant Ionic Lattices are held together by the strong attraction between
oppositely charged ions with many ions and bonds in structure.
• e.g. Magnesium oxide has higher melting point that NaCl. This is because in
MgO, 2+ ions are attracting 2- ions and in sodium chloride, the attraction is
weaker because there are only 1+ and 1- ions attracted.
Discussion with your neighbour(s)
• Explain whether KCl and K2S would have a higher melting point.
• Explain whether CaF2 and CaCl2 would have a higher melting point.
Ionic
Compounds
& Electrical
Conductivity