Breakouts during Continuous Casting of Liquid Steel

Introduction

One of the worst catastrophic process failures that can occur during the process of continuous

casting (CC) of liquid steel is the breakout of the liquid steel. Breakout occurs when solidifying

strand steel shell ruptures or tears beneath the mould. There are several reasons due to which

the solid shell of the strand breaks and allows the still liquid steel contained within it to spill out

and damage the equipment of CC machine.

A breakout is the most detrimental incident associated with the process of continuous casting.

This incident is not only very costly but is also a serious safety hazard for the operators of the

CC machine. Breakout leads to a shutdown of the strand and results in the loss of production

time along with significant drop in the yield. Hence each breakout causes a significant direct

economic loss. For the restoration of the CC machine strand, it typically requires an extended

turnaround involving removal of the spilled steel material from within the strand equipment

and/or replacement of the damaged part of the equipment.

Breakouts can be avoided by reducing the casting speed thereby providing more residence time

in the mould for the steel to solidify. To avoid the occurrence of a breakout, it is critical to

detect improper solidification of the steel shell in advance with enough lead time to

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appropriately slow down the CC machine. A number of approaches have been adopted to

predict breakouts in the continuous casting process.

Mechanism of Breakouts

A breakout is normally due to the steel shell wall being too thin to support the liquid steel

column above it. This is caused due to a condition which has several root causes often

associated with the management of heat transfer. Improper cooling water flow to the CC mould

or disturbance in the strand cooling water spray system can lead to inadequate heat removal

from the solidifying liquid steel, causing the solid shell to thicken too slowly. If the withdrawal

rate of the steel in the strand is too fast, the shell may not have sufficient time to solidify to the

required thickness even with enhanced cooling sprays. Similarly, the incoming liquid steel may

be too hot and the final solidification may occur further down the strand at a later point in the

mould than expected. In case this point is below the straightening rolls then the shell may break

due to the stresses which are applied during straightening.

A breakout can also occur as a result of physical irregularities or damage to the steel shell

occurring within the CC mould during the initial period of solidification. Excessive turbulence

within the CC mould can cause an irregular shell pattern that grows abnormally. It can also

entrap slag droplets or scum within the steel shell which reduces the wall strength.

A common occurrence is the sticking of the steel shell to the CC mould’s surface and its tearing.

The steel shell constrained by the CC mould ruptures at the meniscus portion, and the liquid

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steel flows out of the ruptured portion immediately under the CC mould. This type of breakout

is called sticker breakout. Modern CC moulds having several instruments and computer control

systems typically detect the sticking in the mould and slow down the casting speed temporarily

to let the wall refreeze and heal while it is still supported in the CC mould. Should the tear occur

near the exit of the CC mould or be of unexpected severity, the steel shell may still fail in a

breakout once it emerges from the CC mould wall. Sticker type of breakouts is the major type of

breakout during the continuous casting operations. One of the reasons of sticker breakout is

the poor lubrication in the mould. Fig 1 shows propagation of sticking in the mould leading to a

breakout.

Fig 1 Propagation of sticking in the mould leading to a breakout.

Cracks are also the reason for breakouts. In case of breakouts due to the cracks, the thin

portions of the steel shell caused by the delay of solidification in the cast steel corners or

oscillation marks rupture immediately under the CC mould.

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Another reason for breakout is scum entrapment. In this case the thin portion of the steel shell

caused by the delay of solidification due to scum entrapment rupture immediately under the CC

mould.

As the continuous casting process has progressed and got matured, the distribution of the

types of breakouts changed dramatically from heat transfer related phenomenon to the

present day predominance of mould sticking. The percentage of the sticking type of breakouts

to the total number of breakouts is normally in the range of 75 % to 80 %. The percentage of

the breakouts due to the cracks usually ranges from 15 % to 20 % while the percentage of the

breakouts due to slag and scum entrapment is usually in the range of around 5 %.

Breakout Predictions

While continuous monitoring of mould heat removal can provide an effective means of

detection of the development of breakout conditions, the response time is normally insufficient

to indicate a rapid happening phenomenon of steel shell ripping and tearing.

If the incoming liquid steel is severely overheated (very high superheat) then it is preferable to

stop the CC machine than to risk a breakout. Also liquid steel with contamination of lead (Pb)

can form a thin film between the CC mould wall and the steel, inhibiting heat removal and

growth of steel shell thus increasing the risk of breakouts.

CC mould hot phase temperature is critical since it has been seen that when hot phase

temperature exceeds 350 deg C then strand to copper sticking occurs. Further in today’s high

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productivity CC machines routinely exchange of tundishes and submerged entry nozzles ‘on the

fly’ is the normal practice during normal operations. These transient operations inevitably lead

to unstable periods of casting speeds and mould level control. During these periods, the

process of mould lubrication is severely strained and enhances the probability of sticking.

In case of certain grades of steels (for example high carbon steels) which are usually cast at

lower temperatures due to their lower liquidus temperatures, sticking is often associated with

the poor performance of the casting powders. This is also true for those grades of steels which

are to be cast at lower speeds due to the metallurgical reasons.

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CAUSES OF BREAKOUTS DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING

 Lack of lubrication during solidification process.

 Air entrapment like Hydrogen, Nitrogen etc.

 Heat transfer during solidification is not proper.

 Higher TDS content of water for primary cooling of mould.

 Sudden change in mold design. Level of liquid metal in the mold.

 Sudden change in mode of oscillation during process.

 Re- oxidation of metal and Aluminum Addition

 Breakout during strand withdrawal.

 Higher TDS of water during secondary cooling.

 Improper heating of tundish.

 Low Carbon Equivalent (Ceq ) of the molten steel.

 Higher phosphorous content in the steel

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 Powder consumption depends upon

 1) Casting Speed

 2) Carbon content of steel

 3)Temperature in the mold

 4) superheat of steel (Temperature above solidifying temperature)

 Mold oscillation and its frequency also affect lubricating properties of flux powder

 Low powder consumption leads to minimum slag thickness, which leads to air

entrapment

in to the mold which decreases casting powder lubricating properties

 Sources of Hydrogen are:

 1) Tundish covering agents

 2) Casting Powder

 3) Atmosphere

 4) Water used for slab cooling

 Low carbon content and also higher nitrogen content in the steel ( which comes during

purging of metal ) increases hydrogen pick up possibilities from free or combine

moisture

in the casting powder

 Hydrogen gets evacuated towards the walls of the mold ,where it gets trapped in the

slag

film causes molten flux to crystallize, increasing viscosity of the flux

 But we need low viscosity of flux for proper lubrication

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 If the viscosity of flux is increased then liquid friction will increased which may lead to

sticking of the molten metal to the mold

 This solid slag reduces the heat transfer rate

 Air entrapment in the mold will change the mode of heat transfer from conduction to

radiation which will result in decrease in the heat flux ( Rate of heat energy transfer )

 oxygen present in water will react with cupper mold and it will form the layer of cupper

oxide slowly on the mold surface during primary cooling

 If taper provided does not match the requirements ,which would cause air gap to form

between solidified shell and mold

 air gap acts as a heat resistant in mold heat transfer system

 Sudden change in mold design increases ferro static pressure at surface of metal which

induces tensile strain at the surface in the corner causing cracks which will then leads to

breakouts

 The metal level in the mold needs to be maintained 70-80 % of the mold height, If it

drops below this level, then skin formed on the subsequently added metal will be less

which will leads to breakouts

 overflow of the mold involves sticking of the metal at the upper part causing difficulty in

strand withdrawal which after sometimes leads to breakout

 If injection of aluminum wire is not proper then it will react with oxygen and form

aluminum oxide ( Al2O3 ) in higher amount. This Aluminum oxide increases

crystallization temperature of slag by increasing its viscosity

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  If pre-heating of tundish is not done properly then chances of hydrogen and nitrogen pic

up from tundish lining may increases which leads to breakouts in mold

 Carbon Equivalent = % C + 0.04% Mn + 0.1% Ni + 0.07% N – 0.14% Si – 0.04% Cr –0.1%

Mo

Higher phosphorous content in steel gives rise to generation of Iron Phosphide (Fe3P) phase

during solidification. This Iron Phosphide phase is very brittle in nature and gets segregated

during solidification. it may break and metal will gets stuck to the

mold.

Fig 2 Effect of solid slag on shell leading to a breakout.

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Fig 3 Temperature profile of sticker leading to breakout.

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 TYPES OF BREAKOUTS
 Open pouring breakout
(1) The head of the middle package stopper and the bowl of the upper nozzle are not properly
baked. Because the bowl is relatively low, the baking flame of the traditional baking method
cannot reach the bowl, causing the temperature of the bowl to be 100-200°C lower than other
parts. The low temperature of molten steel can easily cause cold steel pads and steel loss
control, which is forced to increase the drawing speed, resulting in insufficient solidification of
the billet head, resulting in breakout.
(2) The paper rope is loose and the molten steel leaks from the gap; the paper rope is damp,
and explodes after meeting the molten steel to create a gap, and the molten steel leaks from
the gap.
(3) The iron filings layer is too thin, causing molten steel to ooze from the gap after burning the
paper rope; the iron filings layer is too thick, which will lead to insufficient strength of the billet
head and the shell of the billet to be broken; the iron filings are damp, oily or have debris , It
explodes or burns when it encounters molten steel, the molten steel oozes out from the gap
after burning the paper rope or the billet head is not strong enough, and the billet shell is
broken.
(4) The traditional method of plugging the starter is to use paper rope to close the gap between
the starter head and the mold. When the molten steel arrives at the station to measure the
temperature, first evenly spread 20-30mm thick iron nail chips on the starter head, and then
place the steel slats crosswise on the iron nail chips. If the steel strips are not placed well, the
molten steel will directly wash away the iron filings and paper rope; if the steel strips are not
fully melted, the primary billet shell will be too thin, which will cause the billet shell to be torn
during drawing.
(5) The following problems exist in the operation: the flow of pouring steel is too large, the iron
filings are scattered or the molten steel is splashed on the crystal wall, and the corner joints to
form steel; the starting speed is too fast, each time exceeding 0.1m/min, The primary shell
cannot withstand the pulling force; foreign matter enters the mold and bites into the primary
shell.
(6) The following problems exist in the equipment: the starter slides more than 20mm; the
corner seam of the mold is too large, exceeding 0.30mm.
In order to prevent steel leakage during pouring, adequate preparation and inspection should
be made before pouring, and the following points should be paid attention to:
⑴Check the compactness of the starter head and the stacking of cold material;
⑵Check the alignment of the nozzle and the crystallizer;
⑶ Check whether there is cold steel on the copper plate of the mold and whether the taper is
suitable;
⑷Check whether the secondary cooling nozzle is unblocked and intact;

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⑸ Understand the fluidity of molten steel, the temperature state of molten steel, the state of
baking of the tundish and nozzle, and the quality of the protective slag. The upper nozzle and
the immersion nozzle are fully baked to ensure that the temperature of the immersion nozzle is
above 800 degrees within 2.5 hours, and the temperature of the upper nozzle stopper is above
1100 degrees.
⑹The injection size and the residence time of molten steel in the mold should be determined
according to the section of the cast slab.
⑺ The starting speed is generally maintained at 0.5m/min, and the increase speed should be
slow (0.15m/min) to prevent excessive fluctuations of the crystallizer liquid level.

 Pouring breakout
The root cause of the breakout during the pouring process is that the partially solidified shell of
the cast billet after exiting the mold is too thin, which cannot withstand the static pressure of
the molten steel and breaks and causes the breakout. Therefore, in order to prevent the
breakout accident during the pouring process, it is necessary to find out the influencing factors
of the partial thinness of the solidified shell, which mainly include the following aspects:
⑴Equipment factors: the mold is severely damaged and loses its taper, and the casting billet is
seriously de-squared; the mold and the secondary cooling section are not aligned correctly; the
casting flow and the mold are not aligned properly. In addition, the mold copper tube is
deformed, the inner wall is severely scratched, and the liquid film lubrication is interrupted,
which will also cause the blank shell to hang and tear.
⑵ Process operation factors: such as too fast drawing speed, too high injection temperature,
misalignment of nozzle, skewed injection, too large fluctuation of crystallizer liquid level,
injection of slag, insufficient cooling intensity of mold outlet, etc.
⑶ Foreign matter or cold steel bites into the solidified shell: If the liquid level fluctuates too
much, the unmelted slag block in the mold is caught in the solidified shell, and the blockage in
the tundish nozzle flows with the steel to the liquid cavity of the mold and is captured by the
solidification front And lead to breakout.
To sum up, in order to prevent steel leakage during the casting process, in terms of equipment
maintenance, the use of the mold should be checked regularly to ensure the inverted taper of
the mold. The mold should be centered with the secondary cooling guide section to avoid the
casting billet In the process of drawing steel, the billet shell deforms and cracks due to the
mechanical force, which causes the leakage.
In terms of mold lubrication, the mold should be uniformly lubricated to avoid the adhesion
between the mold and the billet shell and the suspension leakage due to poor lubrication.
In terms of process operation, attention should be paid to stable operation, reduce the number
and amount of changes in the pulling speed, keep the liquid level in the crystallizer stable, and
avoid excessive or frequent fluctuations. At the same time, the liquid level in the tundish should
not be too low to avoid a large amount of non-metallic inclusions or steel slag being caught in

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the mold. For casting with mold powder, mold powder with good melting state and moderate
viscosity should be used. In addition, high-temperature steel with too much overheating should
be avoided, because the impact of high-temperature molten steel on breakout accidents and
slab quality is quite obvious.

 Bonded breakout
Bonded breakout is the main form of breakout in the continuous casting production process.
According to statistics, bonded breakout accounts for more than 50% of many breakouts. The
so-called adhesion is caused by the fluctuation of the crystallizer liquid level, and there is no
liquid slag between the solidified shell of the meniscus and the copper plate, and adhesion
occurs in severe cases. When the billet is drawn, the frictional resistance increases, the bond is
broken, and expands downward and on both sides, forming a V-shaped rupture line, and
breakout occurs when it reaches the mouth of the mold.
Bonded breakout occurs in the following situations: the incidence of breakout on the wide
surface of the inner arc is higher than that of the wide surface of the outer arc (about 3: 1);
near the middle of the wide surface (about 300mm around the nozzle) is more likely to occur.
Broken slabs are prone to breakout in the middle of the wide face; while small sections occur in
the area close to the narrow face; aluminum-killed steel has a higher probability of breakout
than aluminum-silicon killed steel; mold slag consumption is below 0.25kg/t steel, and leakage
Increased steel probability.
The reasons for bond breakout are:
1) The formed slag ring blocks the passage of liquid slag into the inner wall of the copper tube
and the blank shell;
2) Mold mold powder has high Al2O3 content, high viscosity, and liquid surface crusts, which
make the slag fluidity poor, and it is not easy to flow between the blank shell and the copper
plate to form a lubricating slag film.
3) High pulling speed under abnormal conditions. Such as the high drawing speed when the
liquid level fluctuates, and the high drawing speed when the molten steel temperature is low.
4) Excessive fluctuations in the liquid level of the mold, such as blockage of the immersion
nozzle, serious flow of the nozzle, condensation of the nozzle when replacing the ladle, etc. will
cause the liquid level fluctuation.
The countermeasures to prevent bond breakout during the pouring process are:
(1) Monitor the use of mold powder to ensure that the mold powder has good performance.
For example, the thickness of the liquid slag layer of the measuring mold is always kept at 8-
15mm, the consumption of mold slag is not less than 0.4kg/t steel, and the agglomeration in
the slag is removed in time.
(2) Improve operation level and control liquid level fluctuation.
(3) Ensure proper pulling speed, and the pulling speed change range should be small. The
suitable lifting speed range is 0.15m/min.

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(4) Strictly control the quality of molten steel, improve the cleanliness of molten steel, and
reduce inclusions in steel.
(5) Strengthen the inspection of the copper plate of the mold. If there are cracks or other
factors that affect the flatness of the copper plate, it must be polished. If the problem is serious,
it must be offline.
(6) Adhere to the automatic control system of the crystallizer liquid level. When the automatic
control of the liquid level is unstable, switch to manual pouring in time to ensure that the liquid
level fluctuation is within the minimum range and the fluctuation target value is controlled
within ±3mm
(7) Reduce the temperature of molten steel in the tundish, control the superheat of molten
steel within 35℃, and prevent high temperature steel casting.
(8) The adhesion prediction system is used to report the occurrence of adhesion in advance,
especially for preventing adhesion breakout. The bonding prediction system monitors the
temperature through a thermocouple embedded in the mold. When a cold spot or a hot spot
on the meniscus moves down in the thermal image, it is considered that the green shell is
bonded.

 Suspension breakout
The molten steel is drilled into the corner seams of the mold to form cold steel or the hanging
steel is connected to the primary billet shell at the four corner seams of the upper mouth of the
mold, which causes the drawing to be blocked and causes the breakout. The corner seam
inspection system of the mold should be strictly inspected. When the corner seam is larger than
0.35mm, a new mold should be replaced in time; the upper corner seams of the mold should be
plugged with asbestos to prevent steel from hanging. Once found, remove it immediately.

 Slag entrapment/slag breakout

Slag breakout is caused by mold protection slag, molten steel inclusions, and refractory
materials falling off from ladle and tundish, etc.; after the breakout, obvious knots can generally
be seen at the part of the residual blank breakout. Scum.
1) Involvement of mold flux breakout When the design of SEN is unreasonable, SEN insertion is
too shallow, poor alignment of SEN or perforation and cracking of SEN will cause mold flux to
be involved. In addition, improper operation of adding mold powder and slag removal will
cause slag entrapment and breakout.
2) The molten steel inclusions are involved in the breakout. When the refined molten steel is
poorly deoxidized, the soft blowing time is not enough, the S content of the molten steel is high
before the calcium treatment (more than 0.01%), and the Ca/Al (less than 0.09) and
Ca/AlOxy( Less than 1) will cause the Al2O3 and CaS inclusions in the molten steel to be higher.
In addition, the ladle drainage will protect the inclusions caused by improper pouring. If the
tundish does not float up sufficiently, the stopper rod will block the water inlet and cause the
liquid Surface fluctuations, when the stopper rod or inclusions accumulated in SEN are suddenly
washed down, it may cause slag entrapment and breakout. In addition, when the tundish

14
covering agent is incorrectly added, too much slag under the ladle, and the tundish liquid level
is too low, it will lead to slag entrapment and leakage.
3) Involvement of refractory materials in the breakout ladle working lining refractory material,
the falling off of the refractory material of the working layer of the tundish, the SEN or stopper
rod falling off and being involved in the mold, it is very likely to cause the breakout casting
process to easily cause casting Slag inclusion and treatment measures and treatment measures:
In the pouring process, it is easy to cause slag inclusion and treatment measures:
1) Tundish drop level: When the tundish drop level is less than or equal to 35 tons, the drawing
speed should be reduced to the minimum drawing speed required by the process in time
before the machine. When the tundish tonnage returns to the normal liquid level of more than
40 tons, the process is normal Speed ​ ​ up operation. Avoid excessively high pulling speed or
premature increase of speed causing crystallizer slag entrapment. (The lowering of the liquid
level in the tundish can also easily cause fluctuations in the liquid level. Check whether there is
slag around the crystallizer in time)
2) Nozzle drift or side turn: When nozzle drift occurs, first control the pulling speed ≤1.2m/min
(section ≤1200mm) 4≤1.0m/min (section ≥1200mm) in front of the machine, and focus on side
turning when pushing slag The side is guaranteed not to expose the steel flower. At the same
time, check whether the stopper mechanism and the opening degree are normal. The water
port can be changed if the rollover is serious.
3) The nozzle insertion depth is inappropriate: When the immersion nozzle insertion depth is
too shallow and the drawing speed is low, the stream will not impact the narrow surface of the
mold, and the stream will flow back to the side of the nozzle, and its downward speed will
protect The slag is involved in molten steel, is captured by the nozzle stream, and enters the
mold to cause slag entrapment. If the nozzle immersion depth is too deep, it is easy to reflux
and entrain slag; if it is too deep, the chance of inclusions and bubbles being caught in the
depth of the cast slab is increased, and the hot spot moves downward, which increases the
probability of steel breakout and causes poor slag removal. Bad lubrication. Therefore, the
pouring steel can track the entry depth of the nozzle at any time and adjust it in time. (Depth of
nozzle immersion 110-180mm)
4) Pulling speed control: the drawing speed is faster, the melting structure of the mold powder
is changed, the thickness of the molten slag layer becomes thinner, and the probability of the
powder slag layer being wrapped in the molten steel increases; the drawing speed is too slow,
and it is easy to cause reflux and slag. High precision Grab the molten steel at drawing speed,
control the production rhythm and reduce the low drawing speed pouring.
5) Mold slag slag control: ensure that the thickness of the mold slag meets the process
requirements (8-15mm). When the thickness of the mold slag is less than 6mm, the liquid slag’s
ability to absorb inclusions in the molten steel is weakened and it is easy to cause slag inclusion
in the casting slab. Steelworkers must pay attention to the use of mold powder and replace
mold powder in a timely manner when abnormalities are found.

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 REMIDIES

• Hydrogen content should be low

• To remove moisture content in casting powder it should be heated between 70-80 °C and

should be stirred after certain period of time

• Casting Powder addition should not be too high

• At the beginning of the sequence a large amount of powder should be added to cover the

steel and during the last heat of the sequence it is a practice to slowly minimize the

powder addition.

• Wearing of mold should be very low which will happen only when lubrication is good

• Thickness of mold slag should be high which will help for good lubrication

• Casting Powder composition should vary with casting speed and composition of steel and

then it will give proper lubricating properties

• TDS in water should be less than 300 ppm

• Softening of water should be done time to time to minimize the TDS and PH level of

water

• Lower Carbon Equivalent decrease the reducing atmosphere in the mold which is must

needed for the good lubrication

• Casting speed should not be change abruptly

• Heat extraction should be proper in mold

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 Conclusions
The task of detection and prevention of breakouts during the continuous casting operation is as

old as the continuous casting technology itself. For this purpose, several measurement methods

have been developed and used. These consist of measurements of temperature, friction force,

withdrawal force, vibration and structure borne noise level. Out of these methods

measurement of temperature by means of thermocouples at the mould copper plates is the

most reliable and the preferred method.

Control systems to effectively reduce the frequency of breakouts were developed by installing

instrumentations in the CC moulds. Initially these instrumentations were based on mould water

differential temperatures. This method was later refined by calculating mould heat transfer

relationship using the mould water data. However with this detection was limited to breakouts

caused by a progressive decline in heat removal.

Later when sticking induced breakouts increased and became predominant, systems based on

more direct techniques were developed. In these techniques mould/strand friction is measured

with accelerometers, load cells, and strain gauges. These systems successfully detected some of

the sticking incidents but these systems also gave some false alarms.

The systems were further modified for localized thermal monitoring with heat flux sensors

(embedded thermocouples). These systems have proven to be more effective method of

detecting and preventing sticker breakouts. It is seen that the thermocouple based sticker

17
detection in combination with eddy current mould level detection provides high break out

safety even at high casting speeds.

Presently the focus has shifted and it is no longer exclusively on early detection of breakouts

but also on monitoring of the heat dissipation and the contact between the steel shell and the

CC mould. It is therefore not unusual for individual CC moulds to be equipped with a large

numbers of thermosensors. This large number of sensors need good amount of cabling and

coupling and hence need substantial investments. Also it results into considerable maintenance

expenses.

18
 Activities of Mechanical Maintenance At
L.F. & Caster
1. Hydraulic Lines
2. Grease Lines
3. Gear boxes
4. Rollers of R.O.T
5. Slab transfer car 1&2
6. Pusher & piler
7. Ladle transfer car(LTC) 1.1 & 1.2 and Return ladle transfer car(RLTC)

Hydraulic Lines
1. House keeping of HR 1 to HR 5 and LFHR
2. All hydraulic cylinder maintenance which includes cylinders of dummy-bar disconnecter,
roller shifting table, dummy-bar centring device, weighting table, stopper, deburrer turret
arm lifting cylinders tundish slide gate, ladle slide gate.
3. All segment hydraulic connections.
4. Twin ladle furnace gantry motion cylinder, electrode clamping cylinders, root lifting
cylinders.

Grease Lines
1. Grease refilling system house keeping.
2. Regular Changing of grease drums on refilling stations.
3. Segment grease distributes and pipes.

Gear boxes
1. Regular maintenance and oil level check-up of gearbox.
2. Tundish car 1&2 gearbox, 21 ROT rollers gear boxes 5 gear box on each STC, 7 on
STRT total 38 roller gear boxes, LTC 1.1&1.2 gear box 4 on each LTC.
3. Equipment transfer car and tundish transfer car gear boxes.
4. Segment drive roll gearbox from segment 3 to 15 each segment contains 2 gear
boxes.

19
 Rollers of R.O.T

1. Roll change, roll filling, roll and gear box assembly.

2. Levelling of all roles on run out table.
Pusher & piler and Slab transfer car 1&2
1. Greasing and bolt tighten of cardan shaft of both STC.
2. Gear box oil check-up and change.
3. Pusher arm pin lock.
4. Gear motor foundation bolt tighten.
5. Pusher carriage wheel check-up.
6. Piler table lifting cylinder and foundation chek-up.

Ladle transfer car(LTC) 1.1 & 1.2 and

Return ladle transfer car(RLTC)
1. Gear and motor coupling check-up
2. Gear box oil level check-up and top-up
3. Argon purging hose condition and replacement of found damaged.
4. Hose reeling drum(HRD) line maintenance and replacement.

20