NOTE: Research forms and different types of government (Right in a piece of paper) For recit,

def and concept, one example. One form of government. (Federalism)

What Consists of a State?

A. Population
B. Territory
C. Government
 It is the institution and the framework and the people who is doing the
governance, and the governance is the wielding of power and showing authority
over the citizen. Forming new legislations and making a better government
alleviating social issues.
 Marami talagang kinakaharap na socioeconomic issues ang Pilipinas due to bad
governance.
 Kailangan lang ng strict implementation of the law, kasi meron di lang inaapply.
D. Sovereignty – Authority or power

 Politics – is both the art and science of the government. It is a self-contained political
society, democratic means (by election) right of sacrage. Harold Haswell – US political
scientist.

Democratic process - we are the one who chooses our leader. Minsan by force, eto yung
people power revolution. Na overthrown si FEM na nagpunta holalulu Hawaii.

 Governance – It directly affects us or influences our lives. kapag mayroong problem sa

governance, naapektuhan yung community or country.
 Political Science – study of politics, systems of governments, and analysis of political
behavior, and political theories and practices. What is its structure (paano yung monarchy).
Allocation and transfer of power in decision-making.

Branches of Political Science

1. Philippine Government and Politics

 2. Comparative Politics – icocompare sa different systems. Mas Magandang magpatakbo ng
bansa.
3. International Relations - (sovereign states-independent states) UNclause, international
Laws.
4. Public Law – relationship between the government and the citizens, paying taxes for
example. Napupunta sa government but for also the people and the infrastructure.
Symbiotic Relationship.

Political Philosophy

A. Liberalism – liberal democracy, the rights of the citizens are shined, article 3 Bill of
Rights.
B. Socialism – owned by the state and the people. Political Philosophy, properties or state
properties is owned by both.
C. Conservatism – promotes and preserve traditional institutions.

Topic 2:

General Fabian, most trusted in time of martial law, and senator enrile.

Types of Government

Bureaucracy government is compost of different departments and bureaus which is used in the
Philippines, maraming dinadaan. Nagtatagal hindi agad natutulungan yung mga tao. It is the
administrative machinery of the state. DPWD, DBM, DOH, etc. Different agencies, constitutional
commissions, hindi concentrated yung power sa isa lang. NEDA.

Citizens, members of society who possesses rights and possibilities. Inhabitants of the state

Citizenship, a identification of an individual based from the legal status, member of political
community. Personal or permanent in character

Natural Born

Immigrant, foreigner
Sa state iba iba yung citizenship.

Civil Society, society govern by law and distinguished from the state.

Decentralization, hindi lang isa isang power hindi centralize iniispread yung power, it is
delegated to different departments, lgu where they can run their own affairs, own sources of
revenue, pwedeng magbuwis meron mga local taxes. They want to raise funds, ibabalik is
government structure. The transfer of responsibility to the lower levels of government

Democracy – the Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Rulers are held responsible,
elected by people.

Elections – Every 3 years ang election except in the national (6 years),

Democratic process of political recruitment transferring of government determination

Executive – responsible for the implementation of law. Mayor, governor, president.

Legislative or legislature Sangguniang pang lungsod. Senators, congresss of the Philippines

upper house and lower house, house of representatives, from districts, party-list.

Judiciary – courts provided by the constitution, court of appeals who review cases in lower
courts. court of tax appeals. Pwede iakyat pa sa supreme court. Municipal trials court,
metropolitan trial court. All those cases decided by those courts maybe appealed and elevated
to court of appeals and final is the supreme court.

Globalization – processes where social relations become relink to territorial geography as the
world become a single place. For businesses.

Governance – various ways through which social life is coordinated.

Government – agency of state

Political ideology – system of beliefs how a society should function, behave, operate. Mga
paniniwala na somehow related sa policies.

Government and establish by revolution, edsa revolution, 1 matagal naupo, exercise of the
people revolution, overthrows the whole government, extra constitutional hindi nakalagay sa
revolution, pagaaklas ng bayan laban sa namumuno, nd 2, peoples power of freedom of
speech, assembly and, expression petition of government of redress , ito president lang yung isa
buo kaya naiba consti. Intraconsitutional, magkaiba yung dalawang revolution, kay FEM and
Erap. Saglit lang naupo.

Difference between state and nation

State focus on state, sovereignty, citizen, and goovernment

Nation, psychological, social and political

Nationalism patriotic feelings and efforts

Multi party system, politcal party organuzzed for the purpose os winning political power. By
election or appointment

Politics is both an art and a science.

Power the ability to achieve a desired outcome.

Proportional Representation. Elected based on the total point in their electoral part. May
formula na complicated kung paano kinukuha yung percentage. Maximum 3, kapag nakakuha
ng 2% makakakuha ka ng seat.

Social movements collective challenges based on same purposes based on solidarity.

Socialism, emphasizing community and social equality.

Search for this term. With the ability or create binding rules as well as the parameters of rules
using force.

Theory, systematic representation of knowledge.

Political Law, deals w organization organs of the state define its relation with its relation with
the citizen. Understand the nature of politics and
Constitution. All other law must conform and highest officials must differn. Lahat ng pinasa na
law ng congress at ng progreso dapat compatible and in harmony sa consitution natin.

Unconsitutional kapag hindi agree.

Political Dynasty,

Feb 2 1987, consti. Consti convention tsaka nagkaroon ng bisa

Charter change, pagbabago sa constitution, constitutional amendment adding, deleting or

reducing the principle involved, isolated or piece will change part by part lang basic principle.
Constitutional Revision, rewriting of the whole instrument by altering the substantial entirety.

Self-executing

hiindi provided under consti is non self-executing.

Consti Of government liberty and sovereighnty

Government – yung kabuuan and structure, aralin yung structure

Liberty - bill of rights, human rights,

Sovereignty-

State- is a community of person permanently occupying a portion of territory. Air, water or land
external control possessing a government, habitual obedience talks about soverereignty
napapasunod yung mga tao. Hindi pwedeng puro lalake or babae.

Citizen

Territory

Government

Sovereignty

Modes of acquiring citizenship

Jus Sanguinis – acquisition of or basis of blood relationship. Nakalgay sa batas na kahit nasa
abroad basta kadugo. Sinusunod ng batas

Jus Soli – PH citizenship on the basis of place of birth.

By naturalization, understand citizenship,

Kaya nagkakaroon ng dual citizenship kasi depende sa panukala nung lugar, once na both parent
is filipino but yung lugar sabi na kapag doon lumaki at pinanganak is citizen nila.