THE IMPACT OF ROUTING

PROTOCOL IN GREEN IOT

ENVIRONMENT

Presenter : Supervisor : Co-Supervisors :

Muhammad Fadhil bin Lakarani Dr. Aznida Abu Bakar Sajak Prof Dr Mohd Nazri Ismail (UPNM)
(52361221007) Noormadinah binti Alias (AIU)
 PRESENTATION
OUTLINE
Problem Research Research
Introduction
statement objectives scope

Significance
Literature Proposed
Methodology of the
Review Solution
research

Result and
Conclusion References
Analysis
TAXONOMY OF GREEN IOT
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Internet

Internet of Things (IoT)

Energy Efficiency in IoT

Communication
and Networking

Routing
Protocol
INTRODUCTION
• Internet continue to evolve and provide more intelligent
services for human [1]
• The communication expands from human-human to
human-thing and thing-thing to ease daily human life
[2] thus time taken for a few task can be shortened.
• Technology advancement leaves a carbon footprint on
the environment, so researchers are looking forward to
green IoT.[3][4]
• The pace of technology evolution does not match up the
environmental preservation.[5]
PROBLEM STATEMENT

- Implementation of IoT consume a lot of energy [3][4]

- Wireless sensors need to work continuously and consumed

energy resources straight to produce good quality data

[3][4][5][21]

- Massive (CO2) emission will affect environmental and

health issue [6]

 1. Compare the energy consumption used by different routing
protocols using NETSIM

RESEARCH 2. Analysis how different routing protocols do packet forwarding

affect the energy consumption
OBJECTIVE

3. Identify the suitable routing protocol based on the analysis that

can contribute to Green-IoT
 • Investigation on how the energy consumption used by

different routing protocols in the same topology using

NETSIM affect the energy consumption

RESEARCH • Research on how to simulate environment that can

SCOPE affect the packet forwarding method by each routing

protocol

• Determine the least energy consumption routing

protocols that can be applied in IoT environment

 • Use different routing protocol in a same topology
to see the difference of energy consumption

• Do several simulations of different network

PROPOSED topology to observe the effect on packet

SOLUTION movement

• Use real-life factors such as time and sensor’s

position on different simulation to see the impact
of each factors
 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE

CUT-COST EFFICIENCY ENVIRONMENT

Yearly spending for energy
resources on large scale IoT
environment like smart city can
be reduce
Yearly spending for energy Contribution on healthy
resources on large scale IoT environment as smaller amount
environment can be reduced of energy usage makes smaller
without affecting the network amount of CO2 emission to
performance generate it

10
LITERATURE REVIEW
REF TITLE ISSUE ADDRESSED CONCLUS ION
[6] Minimizing Convergecast Time and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has Differentiate the time for inter-
Energy Consumption in Green big role in IoT to be maintained to cluster and intra-cluster packet
Internet of Things achieve high efficiency as the main forwarding time to reduce the
source in collecting data energy consumption
[7] Mobile Unmanned Aerial Vehicles The utilization of UAV as UAV does influence the network
(UAVs) for Energy-Efficient Internet replacement for stationary aerial topology thus reduce the amount of
of Things Communications base station energy consumption and increase
the reliability better than stationary
base station

[8] Topology Control for Building a
Large-Scale and Energy-Efficient
Internet of Things
[9] Smart, Secure, Yet Energy-Efficient,
Internet-of-Things Sensors
Topology design is highly correlated
to the energy efficient IoT
environment
The higher amount of computation
needs higher amount of energy
consumption
Selecting the well-suited topology
to the specific environment is
crucial to use power source
efficiently
Create a specific IoT sensors that
optimized all the service to reduce
energy consumption
LITERATURE REVIEW
REF TITLE ISSUE ADDRESSED CONCLUS ION
[10] An Energy Efficient Internet of Introduce RABC as the packet Simulations shows that energy
Things Network Using Restart transfer method for IoT environment consumption using RABC module is
Artificial Bee Colony and Wireless significantly lower
Power Transfer

[11] A Routing Protocol Based on Energy Using REL routing protocol in IoT to The use of REL increase the
and Link Quality for Internet of reduce energy consumption reliability and energy-efficiency for
Things Applications WSN

[13] Optimizing power consumption in Using Bluetooth technology in Stated that BLE technology is
IoT based wireless sensor networks wireless sensor network to reduce possible candidate to be low-
using Bluetooth Low Energy energy consumption energy consumption in WSN

[14] I-SEP: An Improved Routing Using I-SAP routing protocol as Outperforms DEEC and SEP
Protocol for Heterogeneous WSN option to reduce energy protocols by 300% in network
for IoT-Based Environmental consumption in WSN lifetime and 56% by network
Monitoring reliability
LITERATURE REVIEW
REF TITLE
[15] An Energy-Efficient and Secure Routing
Protocol for Intrusion Avoidance in IoT-Based
WSN
[20] Analysis Of Security and Energy Efficiency For
Shortest Route Discovery In Low-Energy
Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol Using
Levenberg-Marquardt Neural Network And
Gated Recurrent Unit For Intrusion Detection
System
[22] Improving Energy Efficiency of Mobile WSN
Using Reconfigurable Directional Antennas
[23] Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad
Hoc Networks
ISSUE ADDRESSED
Use ESR protocol to increase security and
reliability in IoT environment
Using Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy
(LEACH) protocol with Levenberg-Marquardt
neural network and Dijkstra shortest path
algorithm improve the detection rate and false
positive rate.
Propose reconfigurable directional antenna-
based receiver-Initiated cycled receiver (RDA-
RICER) medium access control (MAC) protocol
for WSN nodes with switched antennas
Investigate the routing protocol influence in
energy efficiency
CONCLUS ION
Outperforms dynamic network topology average
by 30% on reliability, security, and lifetime
Network route discovery method and the
success of packet transfer are directly affecting
the energy consumption by the WSN.
Drastically reduce data collusion resulting in a
substantial reduction in energy consumption
Each routing protocol has distinct advantages
and disadvantages and is ideally suited for
particular circumstances
LITERATURE REVIEW
REF TITLE ISSUE ADDRESSED CONCLUS ION
[24] AODV Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Propose a modified version of the AODV routing Enhancement for the AODV protocol to
for Maximum Lifetime In MANET protocol to increase the network lifetime in maximize the network's lifetime by employing
MANET an Energy Mean Value algorithm determined as
effective
[25] Energy-Efficient AODV For Low Mobility Ad Hoc Analyzes the improved energy efficient AODV for The simulation results indicate that the
Networks low mobility ad hoc networks improved AODV could extend the network
lifetime by a maximum of 37 percent while
maintaining or improving other network
performance standards

[26] An Energy Efficient and Reliable Composite Analyze efficiency and reliability of composite The effectiveness of the proposed metric is
Metric For RPL Organized Networks metric for RPL supported by an intriguing simulation outcome,
which strongly encourage further research into
this topic
[27] Performance Analysis of The RPL Routing Analyze RPL performance findings demonstrate conclusively that RPL can
Protocol ensure a very rapid network setup, enabling the
development of advanced monitoring
applications even under extreme conditions
 Problem Definition

• Select Routing Protocol to be simulated and analysed

• AODV
• RPL
• Adjusted Parameters
• Time
• Wireless node status (active/standby/idle)

Project Planning

• Gantt Chart

Simulation Design
METHODOLOGY • Basic Packet Transfer
• Simulation with 50 Meters Range Topology
• Simulation with 100 Meters Range Topology
• Simulation with 150 Meters Range Topology
• Simulation with 200 Meters Range Topology

Experimentation and Analysis

• Initial Simulation
• Result and Analysis

Documentation

• Research Documentation
 ROUTING
PROTOCOL
(AODV)

Node 2 Routing List

Destinatio
Hop
n Next Hop ID
Count
Node
1 3 103 3

1 1 102 1

3 3 101 1

1 3 100 3

1 1 99 1

3 3 97 1
 ROUTING
PROTOCOL
(RPL)

RPL only stores the routing table at the

parent node.

It uses Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)

concept where defines as a tree-like
structure that specifies the default routes
between nodes.

The nodes then organize as Destination-

Oriented DAGs (DODAGs) where most
popular node or default gateway node
will be the root of the DAGs [19]
GANTT CHART
Week
Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Collecting Information

Literature Review

Consult for Supervisor

Discussion with Supervisor

Submission Tittle Registration Form

Identify Simulation Tools

Simulation Trial

Initial Simulation Analysis

Report Submission
GANTT CHART
Week
Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Collecting Information

Discussion with supervisor

Compile all related research

Conduct simulation study and research

Submit conference paper for ICISIT

Compile all results and thesis preparation

Mid Progress Report with Supervisor

End Progress Report with Supervisor

Thesis submission to examiner

Viva Presentation
BASIC PACKET TRANSFER
SIMULATION
• The hypothesis is each of the wireless sensor energy
consumption is related to the role of the sensors
• This simulation design to simulate and observe energy
consumption by active and standby mode

Basic Packet Transfer Simulation Topology

PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
50 METERS

• The hypothesis is each of the wireless sensor

energy consumption is related to the role of the
sensors
• This simulation design to simulate and observe
energy consumption by each sensor node when
all other wireless sensors and WLAN Gateway are
in the sender’s range

50 Meters Packet Transfer Simulation Topology

PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
100 METERS

• The hypothesis is each of the wireless sensor

energy consumption is related to the role of the
sensors
• This simulation design to simulate and observe
energy consumption by each sensor node when
several neighbor node can be detected

100 Meters Packet Transfer Simulation Topology

PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
150 METERS

• The hypothesis is each of the wireless sensor

energy consumption is related to the role of the
sensors
• This simulation design to simulate and observe
energy consumption by each sensor node when a
few neighbor node can be detected

150 Meters Packet Transfer Simulation Topology

PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
200 METERS

• The hypothesis is each of the wireless sensor

energy consumption is related to the role of the
sensors
• This simulation design to simulate and observe
energy consumption by each sensor node when a
no other sensor detected

200 Meters Packet Transfer Simulation Topology

INITIAL
SIMULATION

Duration: 100 seconds

Initial Packet Transfer Simulation Topology Using NETSIM

RESULT AND ANALYSIS
INITIAL RESULT

Total Energy Consumption Result Energy Consumption Result by Each Sensors

BASIC PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION

Basic Packet Transfer Utilized Energy Comparison

730

725

720

715

Data Packet Transfer Path 710

705

700

695

690
1 2 3 4

AODV RPL

Energy Consumption by Each Sensors

BASIC PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
OVER TIME

• The hypothesis is each of the wireless sensor energy consumption

is different over time as energy consumption during establishing
connection will be different with when maintaining the connection

• This simulation design to simulate and observe energy

consumption by sensor node over time and see the consistent
energy consumption to find the optimum time for the cycle
BASIC PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
OVER TIME
Energy Rate Consumption Difference
2890 0.00%

2880 -0.20%

2870 -0.40%

2860 -0.60%

2850 -0.80%

2840 -1.00%

2830 -1.20%

2820 -1.40%

2810 -1.60%

2800 -1.80%

2790 -2.00%
1 minute 10 minutes 30 minutes 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 12 hours 1 day

AODV (mJ/min) RPL (mJ/min) Difference Percentage

Total Energy Consumption Over Time

BASIC PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
50 METERS

50 Meters Energy Consumption Comparison

88500.00

88000.00

87500.00

87000.00

86500.00

Data Packet Transfer Path 86000.00

85500.00

85000.00

84500.00
Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 7 Node 8 Node 9

RPL AODV

Energy Consumption by Each Sensors

BASIC PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
100 METERS

100 Meters Energy Consumption Comparison

98000.00

96000.00

94000.00

92000.00

90000.00

88000.00
Data Packet Transfer Path
86000.00

84000.00

82000.00

80000.00
Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 7 Node 8 Node 9

RPL AODV

Energy Consumption by Each Sensors

BASIC PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
150 METERS

150 Meters Energy Consumption Comparison

96000.00

94000.00

92000.00

90000.00

88000.00

Data Packet Transfer Path 86000.00

84000.00

82000.00

80000.00
Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 7 Node 8 Node 9

RPL AODV

Energy Consumption by Each Sensors

BASIC PACKET TRANSFER SIMULATION
200 METERS

200 Meters Energy Consumption Comparison

88000

87500

87000

86500

86000
Data Packet Transfer Path
85500

85000

84500
Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensor
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6 Node 7 Node 8 Node 9

RPL AODV

Energy Consumption by Each Sensors

 Energy Energy Difference Energy Difference
AODV RPL
Consumption [AODV-RPL] Percentage
(mJ/min) (mJ/min)
Rate (mJ/min) (mJ/min)

Basic
2873.52 2876.41 -2.89 -0.10 %
Topology
50 Meters
6439.81 6504.66 -64.85 -1.00 %
Range

ANALYSIS 100 Meters

6740.88 6523.66 217.22 3.33 %
Range

150 Meters
6707.90 6497.16 210.74 3.24 %
Range

200 Meters
6417.50 6562.33 -144.83 -2.21 %
Range

Total 29179.61 28964.22 215.39 0.03 %

 • AODV energy consumption by each sensors is random
through broadcasting while RPL energy consumption is
uniform

• AODV consume less energy than RPL at idle mode and

DISCUSSION denser populated sensors environment

• RPL consume less energy than RPL in a well-placed

sensors environment

• There are many type of IoT environment which works well

with either one of the routing protocol
 • The routing protocol is a method for determining the most
efficient path for data to travel from source to
destination

• The result of this research shows that there are

advantageous and disadvantageous for each routing
protocols that can contribute to Green IoT
CONCLUSION
• Routing protocol is still evolving based on the
environment it is applied

• Selection of the right routing protocols that suitable with

the required environment will influence the energy
consumption which will affect the power efficiency to
achieve Green IoT
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