Acknowledgments Numerous people have been influential in the creation of this book— its strength lies in their expertise, contributions, enthusiasm, and sup. port. To Stuart Pivar, whose vision and untiring persistence founded and developed the New York Academy of Art, and whose support for numerous anatomy projects was never withheld, I offer my sincerest thanks. My thanks also go to Russell Wilkinson, president of the New York Academy of Art, for his dedication to the goals of the school and to its anatomy program. Special thanks to Robert Ayers, chairman of the Physical Therapy Program at Hunter College School of the Health Sciences, for his generosity in providing access to the cadavers in their anatomy lab and for the opportunity to make thir teen dissection casts from them. My thanks to Dorothy Pawlowski who initiated my relationship with Hunter, where she studie. Tam most grateful to Walter of the entire manuscript and for his important corrections, additions, and generous suggestions. Much thanks to Gary Faigin for posing for the facial muscle contractions, reading portions of the manuscript, nd sharing his excellent resources on the face. To Henry Galiano of Maxilla & Mandible, Ltd., my deepest thanks for supplying perfect anatomical specimens for study and drawing, for helpful comments and suggestions, and for generous use of his facility. My thanks to Gary J. Sawyer of Ossa Anatomical for imens. ene, who answered all of my tech- mented on acher for his thorough reading the loan of superb anatomical sp My thanks to Dr. Alfonse Se ical questions as the book progressed and read and cot portions of the manuscript. 1 thank Sal Perrotta and Joe Ruggiero of Sculpture House Casting for their expertise in the mold-making and casting of the sculptures appearing in this book and the plaster dissection casts used as refer- ence. My thanks to David Kelly for assisting me in making all the irge Engel who plaster molds on the cadavers at Hunter. I thank G generously and expertly assisted in some of the mokd-making. Thanks also to David Klass, who ingeniously designed and built the cadaver rig which enabled me to hang cadavers vertically. To Dana Greene, Laura Orchard, Harvey Citron, Anthony nius, Steven Ashmore, Michael Rothman, Leah Frank, Jeff M Vivian Stillwell, and Stanley Edeiken, I offer my sincerest thanks for their varied contributions and assistance. Special thanks to Kate and Martin Cassidy. Tam indebted to the numerous people who posed for this book— both for research and for the final published photographs. They are Carl House, John Varriano, Rolando Rodriguez, Gabriele Oechsle, Mark Andrejevic, Richard Rosa, Roger Koch, Nina Galin, Tony Sluga, Barry Wizoreck, Martine Benoist, Lee Grober, Edwin Otero, and Euripedes Neto. I am geateful to each of them for their unique contributions. I wish to thank the people at Oxford University Press for their 10