Pre-Calculus

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
The Parabolas
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: The Parabolas
First Edition, 2020

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 Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
The Parabolas
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus– Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on The Parabolas!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in

helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while

overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent

learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help

learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their

needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body

of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.

You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage

their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the

learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module

on Definition and Equation of a The Parabolas!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module in Pre-Calculus presents as more efficiency to help the learners to easily

understand the different learning competencies.

At the end of the lesson, the learner shall able to at least 80% level of proficiency:

1. Define a parabola. ( STEM_PC11AGIa-5 )

a. define and illustrate a parabola;

b. label the parts of the properties of a parabola;

c. analyze and create a standard form of a parabola.

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 What I Know

Identification:
Identify the given statements below.

1. Found in a locus of point which moves so that it is always equidistant to a fixed

point.
2. Properties of parabola that has a coordinate of (0,0)
3. Coefficient of c which has units above or below the vertex.
4. Coefficient of c which has units below or above the vertex.
5. Line that passes through the focus and perpendicular to the axis of the conic.

B.Analyze the standard form of a parabola and create the curves that satisfied to
the given standard equation.
6. x 2  4ay
7. y 2  4ax
8. ( x  h) 2  4a ( y  k )
9. ( y  k ) 2  4a ( x  h)
10. x 2  4ay
Label the properties of parabola. Choose the answer inside the box.

A. OPEN TO THE RIGHT B. FOCUS C. (d) DISTANCE from

(y2=-4ax) directrix to a point.

D. DIRECTRIX E. OPEN TO THE RIGHT F. VERTEX

(y2=4ax)

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 Lesson
The Parabolas
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Introduction

An open curve, a conic section produced by the intersection of a right circular

cone and a plane parallel to an element of the cone. The curve of parabola can be
defined as the path (locus) of a point moving so that its distance from a fixed line (the
directrix) is equal to its distance from a fixed point (the focus). A parabola is one of
the conic sections. We will be discussing the different equation of parabolas which
open upward or downward, as graphs of quadratic functions.

What’s In

An illustration shown below. Label and define the parts of the circle by choosing
the correct answer inside the box.

RADIUS CHORD

DIAMETER TANGENT

POINT OF TANGENCY SECANT

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 Rubrics for your output definition.

Criteria Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning

4 3 2 1

Mathematical Explanation Explanation Explanation Explanation

reasoning shows shows shows gaps in shows illogical
thorough substantial reasoning. reasoning.
reasoning and reasoning.
insightful
justification.

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module in Pre-Calculus the learner shall answer the activity
mention above to review if the learners are ready to proceed into
their lesson title “Parabola”.

What’s New

Jumble Words.
Rearrange the jumbled words.

1.RAPALABO

2. SUCOF

3. XTEREV

4. XIRTCEDIR

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5. TRICITYECCEN

What is It

Parabolas
An open curve, a conic section produced by the intersection of a right circular
cone. It also defines that the parabola is a locus of point which moves so that it is
always equidistant to a fixed point called focus and it a fixed straight line called
directrix.

Definition and Equation of Parabola

Properties of Parabola: Origin or Vertex V (0,0)
If the properties of parabola is opens upward, the vertex is the lowest point. If the
parabola opens downward, the vertex is the highest point.

Properties of Parabola: Directrix:

The line y = −c or y = c
The properties of parabola called directrix is c units below or above the vertex.

Properties of Parabola: Focus: F(0,c) or F(0,−c)

The properties of parabola called focus is c units above or below the vertex.
Any point on the parabola has the same distance from the focus as it has from the
directrix.

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Properties of Parabola: Axis of symmetry: x = 0 (the y-axis)
This properties of parabola having a line that divides the parabola into two parts
which are mirror images of each other.

𝒇
Properties of Parabola: Eccentricity of the parabola: 𝒆 = 𝒅
It is the ratio of the distance to the focus to the distance to the directrix.
Since f = d,
then: 𝑒 = 1

Properties of Parabola: Latus Rectum: 𝐿𝑅 = 4𝑎

The properties of parabola called latus rectum is a line that passes through the focus
and perpendicular to the axis of the conic.

Equation and Graph of the Parabolas

General Form of the Parabolas

2 . Axis parallel to the x-axis:

1 . Axis parallel to the y-axis:
Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
Ax2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Standard Form of the Parabolas - Vertex V, Origin at (0,0)

1.Axis along x-axis: 2.Axis along x-axis:

Vertex V, Origin at (0,0) Vertex V, Origin at (0,0)
Formula: y2 = 4ax Formula: y2 = -4ax
Open to the right. Open to the left.

3.Axis along y-axis: 4.Axis along y-axis:

Vertex V, Origin at (0,0) Vertex V, Origin at (0,0)
Formula: x2 = 4ax Formula: x2 = -4ax
Open upward. Open downward.

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Standard Form of the Parabolas Vertex V, at (h,k)

1.Axis parallel along x-axis: 2. Axis parallel along x-axis:

Vertex V, at (h,k) Vertex V, Origin at (0,0)
Formula: (y-k)2 = 4a(x-h) Formula: (y-k)2 = -4a(x-h)
Open to the right. Open to the left.

3. Axis parallel along y-axis: 4. Axis parallel along y-axis:

Vertex V, at (h,k) Vertex V, at (h,k)
Formula: (x-h)2 = 4a(y-k) Formula: (x-h)2 = -4a(y-k)
Open upward. Open downward.

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 What’s More

A. Matching Type.

Match the illustration into Column B. Choose the correct equation.

1 A. Along x-axis:
Formula: y2 = -4ax
Open to the left.

2 B. Along y-axis:
Formula: x2 = -4ax
Open downward.

C. Axis parallel along x-

3 axis: Opens to the left
(y-k)2 =-4a(x-h)

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 D. Along y-axis:
4 Formula: x2 = 4ax
Open upward.

E. Along x-axis:
5 Formula: y2 = 4ax
Open to the right.

F.Axis parallel along y-axis:

6 Opens upward
(x-h)2 = 4a (y - k)

B. Identification:
Identify the given statement then choose your answer inside the column.

7. Found in a locus of point which moves so that it is always equidistant to a fixed

point.
8. Properties of parabola that has a coordinate of (0,0)
9. Coefficient of c which has units above or below the vertex.
10. Coefficient of c which has units below or above the vertex.
11. Line that passes through the focus and perpendicular to the axis of the conic.

Choose your answer here!

PARABOLA DIRECTRIX
FOCUS PARABOLA
DIRECTRIX LATUS RECTUM

C. Analyze the standard form of a parabola and create the curves that satisfied to
the given standard equation.
12. x 2  4ay
13. y 2  4ax
14. ( x  h) 2  4a ( y  k )
15. ( y  k ) 2  4a ( x  h)

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 What I Have Learned

A. Choose the answer inside the box to complete the statement below

PARABOLA
Define Parabola:

EQUIDISTANT A _____________ is a locus of a point

which moves so that it is always
DIRECTRIX _____________ to a fixed point called
_____________ and it a fixed ____________
FOCUS __________ called _____________.

STRAIGHT LINE

B. Analyze the illustration below and write the standard form and tell the direction
of the curve of the parabola.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3.

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 What I Can Do

A. Applications:

Name and label all properties of a Parabola.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B. By inspection, tell the direction of the curve of the parabola whether it’s open
upward or downward, and open to the left or right.

Direction of the curve of the

EQUATION
parabola.

1. (x-3)2 = 14(y-2)

2. y2 =16x

3. x2 =-8y

4. y2 =-4x

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 5. (y-5)2 = 8(x-1)
C. Analyze the illustration below. By your own, you will create an equation based on
the standard form of the curve of a parabola.

Curves of the Parabolas Equation

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

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 Assessment

Write the word HAPPY if the statement below is True and SAD if the statement is
wrong.
1. If the parabola opens upward, the vertex is the highest point.
2. If the parabola opens downward, the vertex is the lowest point
3. The foci is c units below or above the vertex.
4. The eccentricity of the parabola is the ratio of the distance to the focus to the
distance to the directrix.
5. Any point on the parabola has the same distance from the focus as it has from
the directrix.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

6. Found in a locus of point which moves so that it is always equidistant to a fixed

point.
a. Parabola b. Ellipse c. Hyperbola d. Circle
7. Properties of parabola that has a coordinate of (0,0)
a. Vertex b. Focus c. Directrix d. Latus Rectum
8. Coefficient of c which has units above or below the vertex.
a. Vertex b. Focus c. Directrix d. Latus Rectum
9. Coefficient of c which has units below or above the vertex.
a. Vertex b. Focus c. Directrix d. Latus Rectum
10. Line that passes through the focus and perpendicular to the axis of the conic.
a. Vertex b. Focus c. Directrix d. Latus Rectum
11. This line divides the parabola into two parts which are mirror images of each
other.
a. Eccentricity b. Axis of symmetry c. Directrix d. Latus Rectum
12. The ratio of the distance to the focus to the distance to the directrix.
a. Eccentricity b. Axis of symmetry c. Directrix d. Latus Rectum
13. Analyze the curve of the standard equation of : x = 4ay
2

a. Open to the right b. Open to the left c. Open upward d. Open downward
14. Analyze the curve of the standard equation of : y2 = -4ax
a. Open to the right b. Open to the left c. Open upward d. Open downward
15. Analyze the curve of the standard equation of :(x-h)2 = -4a(y-k)
a. Open to the right b. Open to the left c. Open upward d. Open downward

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 Additional Activities

Analyze the illustration below if the graph is in Horizontal or Vertical Axis , and Axis
Parallel along Horizontal or Vertical Axis. Write H if horizontal and V if Vertical.

5
1

6
2

7
3

8
4

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 19
What I have
learned:
What I Can Do:
Assessment: 1. Parabola
1. Vertex 2. Equidistant
1. SAD 3. Focus
2. Directrix
Additional 2. SAD 3. (d) Distance from 4. Straight Line
Activities: 3. SAD the directric to a 5. Directrix
4. HAPPY set of point. B.
1. V
5. HAPPY 4. Focus 1.
2. V
6. A 5. Curve (open to
3. H Open Upward
7. A the right)
4. H B. 2.
8. C
5. H 6.Open Upward.
9. B Open Upward
6. V 7. Open to the
10. D
7. H right. 3.
11. B
8. V 8. Open downward. Open to the left
12. A
9. Open to the left.
13. C 4.
10. Open to the
14. B right. Open downward
15. D 11-15 Varies 5.
answers
Open to the left
What’s More: What I Know:
1. D 1. Parabola
2. F 2. Vertex
3. C What’s In: 3. Focus
4. A 4. Directrix
5. B 1) Secant
2) Radius 5. Latus Rectum
6. E What’s new:
3) Diameter B.
7. Parabola
1. PARABOLA 4) Chord
8. Vertex 2. FOCUS
9. Directrix 5) Tangent
3. VERTEX 1. 2.
10. Focus 6) Point of
4. DIRECTRIX
11. Latus Rectum Tangency
5. ECCENTRICITY
Definition Varies
3.. 4.
upon the
12. explanation of the
learners. 5.
C.
13. 1. D
2. C
14. 3. B
4. F
5. E
15.
Answer Key
References
Books

Garces, Ph.D I., Eden, Ph.D R. and Estrada, G., 2016. Pre-Calculus Grade 11 -
Learners Guide For Senior High School - Specialized Subject | Academic Stem.
C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City: Commission on Higher Education,
pp.15-24.

Tiong, Engr. J., Boholst, Engr. R. and Salva, Engr. J., 2008. 1001 Solved Problems
In Engineering Mathematics. 3rd ed. R. Papa Street Sampaloc, Manila: First
Bencmark Publisher, Inc., pp. 277-279

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