Basic Electronics BTI SEM 3 GROUP PROJECT

BASIC
ELECTRONICS
hardware
project
ABS SYSTEM in
CARS
Group Members:
1. Aman Sayyad C106
2. Neil Shinde C109
3. Arnav Kaul C114
4. Aditya Parameswar C115
5. Zeshawn Martis C118

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Basic Electronics BTI SEM 3 GROUP PROJECT

Introduction
We all know that the majority of accidents happen because of late
breaks or even the lethargic and careless attitude of the drivers all
around the world. That’s why cars have the concept of Automatic
Braking technology. Automatic braking technologies combine
sensors and brake controls to help prevent high-speed collisions.
Some automatic braking systems can prevent collisions altogether,
but most of them are designed to simply reduce the speed of a
vehicle before it hits an obstacle.

Construction & Materials

Construction of ADS machine requires the following steps:
1. 4 wheels
2. frame of car
3. ultrasonic sensor- to sense the obstacle
4. male to male and male to female jumper wires
5. Arduino- acts as the brain of the system
6. dc motors- run the wheels

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Basic Electronics BTI SEM 3 GROUP PROJECT

7. battery- supplies power

8. Code- to run everything systematically
9. motor driver
10. breadboard- Connects the system together as the heart

Methodology
These systems combine sensors, such as radar, video, infrared or
ultrasonic to scan for possible objects in front of the vehicle, and
then use brake control to prevent collision if the object is, in fact,
detected.

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Basic Electronics BTI SEM 3 GROUP PROJECT

Diagram

Code
// Bluetooth Input void setup()

char incoming_value = '0'; {

// Input from Motor //for Bluetooth

int ENA = 10; Serial.begin(9600);

int IN1 = 9; //for Motors
int IN2 = 8; pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);

int IN3 = 5; pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);

int IN4 = 4; pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);

int ENB = 3; pinMode(ENB, OUTPUT);

// Speed of the Motor pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);
int speed = 225; pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);

// Ultrasonic Sensor // For Ultrasonic

int trigPin = 11; pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

int echoPin = 12; pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

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Basic Electronics BTI SEM 3 GROUP PROJECT

// Set the Initial Motor Speed break;

setSpeed(speed); }

} case 'S':
void loop() {

{ stop();
if(Serial.available() > 0) break;

{ }

delay(10); case 'U':

incoming_value = Serial.read(); {
switch(incoming_value) UltraSonic();

{ break;
case 'F': }
{ }
forward(); }

break; }

} void left()

case 'B': {
{ digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
backward(); digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);

break; digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

} digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);

case 'L': Serial.println("LEFT");

{ delay(40);
left(); }

break; void right()

} {

case 'R': digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);

{ digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);
right(); digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);

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Basic Electronics BTI SEM 3 GROUP PROJECT

digitalWrite(IN4, LOW); {
Serial.println("RIGHT"); analogWrite(ENA, speed);

delay(40); analogWrite(ENB, speed);

}

void forward() Serial.println("Speed: ");

{ Serial.println(speed);

digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH); }

digitalWrite(IN2, LOW); float UltraSonic()

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW); {
digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH); digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

Serial.println("FORWARD"); delayMicroseconds(2);
Serial.println(incoming_value); digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
} delayMicroseconds(10);
void backward() digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

{ float duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(IN1, LOW); float distance = (duration / 2)* 0.0343;

digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH); Serial.println(distance);

digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH); return distance;
digitalWrite(IN4, LOW); }

Serial.println("BACKWARD");
}

void stop()
{ digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

Serial.println("STOP");

}
void setSpeed(int speed)

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Applications & Advantages

Can handle emergency situations when the driver is not paying
attention to the road and an accident tends to happen.
Using the quick reaction speed of technology, we can instantly
apply the emergency breaks and protecting us from colliding into
the obstacles.