CE 315-18 Building System Design

Chapter 2- Architectural Plans

Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, the students shall be able to:
1. Completely describe a floor plan.
2. Draw walls using polylines and lines.
3. Describe and draw additional floor plan symbols.
4. Place floor plan dimensions and notes.
5. Use tag symbols.
6. Create named views that can be recalled instantly.
7. Create multiple viewports in the drawing window.

Plan views–the top view of the building. Taken at different levels throughout the
building.

Architectural drawings: floor plans, elevations, building sections, room finishes, etc.
The floor plan is very important as it acts as a reference for the location of other
details and sections. It also shows walls, doors, stairs, built-in cabinets and
mechanical equipment.

1. Introduction

Architectural Systems involves the study of buildings as constructed of

materials forged into components unified into assemblies organized
into systems that include
- Floor plans are basis for mechanical, plumbing & electrical drawings
- elevations,
- building sections,
- Details ( Isolated areas of construction)
- Notes ( General or specific)
- Schedules (Info regarding building)

2. Floor Plans
Floor plans are essential to any interior design or architecture project. With a
floor plan, you can see everything in your space as if you took the ceiling off
and were looking down. Think of yourself as a giant looking at the plan from
a bird’s eye view.

A floor plan consists of wall placement, door and window location, cabinets,
plumbing fixtures, detail symbols, and dimensions. To create the floor plan,
the building is “cut” at a horizontal cutting plane located at approximately
eye level. Consider the cutting plane as a saw cutting horizontally through the
building. The top portion of the building is removed, leaving the bottom portion
CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 1
 that represents the floor plan. This allows the viewer to see where doors,
windows, and cabinets are placed within the building.
3. Doors

A door is an accessible barrier which is provided in a wall opening to give

access to the inside of a room of a building. The internal portions of a
building are connected by doors

There are different types of doors used in building works classified based
on placing of components, method of construction, working operations
and construction materials used

Most Commonly used Type of doors

1. Framed and Panel Doors
- These are very strong and will give good appearance when compared to flush
doors. These are widely used doors in almost all types of buildings
- Stiles, vertical member and rails, horizontal members are grooved along the
inner edge of frame to receive the panels
- The panels are made up of timber or plywood, sheets or glass
- These doors may be single leaf for narrow openings and double for wider
openings
- Minimum width of stiles should be 100 mm and the minimum width of the
bottom and locked rail should be 150mm

2. Glazed Doors
- Glazed doors are generally provided in the interior wall openings or in hospitals,
colleges. etc.
- The interior room is visible through glazed doors and lights also passes through
glazed portion of the door
- These may be fully glazed or partly glazed paneled. Glass panels are provided
for glazed doors.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 2
3. Wooden Flush Doors

Flush doors, a solid or semi-solid or core portion is covered on both sides with
plywood of face veneer. Nowadays these type of doors are widely used because of
good appearance, economic, ease of construction and greater durability

4. Louvered Doors
- The louvered permit natural ventilation when the door is closed and also
provided privacy in the room
- These are generally used for toilets of residential and public buildings
- The doors may be fully louvered or partly louvered
- Louvers are made up of timber or glass or plywood and these may be either
fixed or movable.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 3
5. Wire Gauge Doors
Wire gaged doors permits natural ventilation and restrict the entries of flies,
mosquitoes, insects, etc., These doors are commonly used in hotels, restaurants and
for cup boards containing eatables.

6. Revolving Doors
Revolving doors are only provided in public buildings like museums, banks libraries
etc., because of constant visitors, It consist mullion at its center to which for radiating
shutters are attached.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 4
7. Sliding Doors
In this type, with the help of runners and guide rails the door slides to the sides. The
door may have one or more sliding shutter depending upon the opening available.

8. Swing Doors
In this case, the shutter is attached to frame by doubles action spring which helps
shutter to me inward as well as outwards

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 5
 9. Collapsible Steel Doors
Collapsible steel doors are generally used for workshop, sheds, warehouse etc.. It acts
like a steel curtain which will opened or closed by horizontal pull or push.
Vertical double channel units of (20 x 10 x 2 mm) are spaced at 100 to 120 mm thick
and braced flat iron diagonals 10 to 20mm wide and 5mm thick.

10. Rolling Steel Shutter Doors

Rolling steel shutter doors are commonly used for warehouses, garages, shops etc.
These are very strong and offer proper safety to the property. The doors consist
frame, drum and shutter of thin steel plate inter locked together. A horizontal shaft
is provided in the drum which helps to open or close the shutter.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 6
4. Rooms
A room is ‘an enclosed space within a building that is not used solely as
a circulation space. This differentiates a room from spaces such as
hallways, corridors, stairs, landings, and so on.

In a domestic context, the most common types of room include:

1. Kitchen: Intended for the preparation (and perhaps also consumption)

of food. (Some houses may include a pantry which is used for
storing food.)
2. Bedroom: Intended for sleeping, storing clothes, etc.

Bedrooms are often described as being a ‘single room’ or ‘double

room’. A single room contains enough space for a single bed and
is intended for one occupant, whereas a double room contains
enough space for a double bed and could be used by two
occupants.

3. Bathroom: Contains a bath and/or shower, and can include sanitary

accommodation.
4. Dining room: For communal eating and socializing.
5. Living room/lounge: A social room for relaxation.
6. Study: For work and administrative tasks.
7. Laundry room: For washing and ironing laundry (can also be referred
to as a utility room). Dwellings may have a drying room
8. Toilet: Separate room containing a toilet and usually a sink.
9. Shower room: Separate room containing a shower and sometimes a
sink.
10. Box room: A small room that may serve as a child’s bedroom, play
room or storage room.

Larger houses may include other types of room such as:

11. Ballroom: A large room for socializing and entertaining (often dual
purpose with a large dining room).
12. Drawing room: A smaller room for socializing, holding meetings, and
so on.
13. Library: For storing books and other documents.
14. Theatre/cinema room: For entertainment.
15. Billiard/games room: For playing games such as snooker, pool, and so
on.
16. Nursery: A bedroom intended for babies or young children.

Other types of room are determined by the type of building and the
particular function that is required. For example, an office building may
include; receptions, offices, meeting rooms, storage rooms, conference

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 7
 rooms, restaurants, cafeterias, coffee rooms, toilets, common rooms, plant
rooms, cleaners rooms, ICT rooms, gyms, and so on.

Other types of building may include very specialist rooms, such as

operating theatres, auditoriums, galleries, clean rooms, waiting rooms,
classrooms, lecture theatres, and so on.

Attic/loft.
Basement/cellar.
Porch.
Garage.

5. Windows

Window, opening in the wall of a building for the admission of light and air;
windows are often arranged also for the purposes of architectural decoration.
Since early times, the openings have been filled with stone, wooden, or iron
grilles or lights (panes) of glass or other translucent material such as mica
or, in the Far East, paper

A window is a vented barrier provided in a wall opening to admit light and

air into the structure and also to give outside view. Windows also increases
the beauty appearance of the building

Types of windows used in buildings

There are so many types of windows are available based on their positions, materials,
and functions. Windows are classified as follows

1. Fixed windows 9. Corner windows

2. Sliding windows 10. Bay windows
3. Pivoted windows 11. Dormer windows
4. Double-hung windows 12. Clerestory windows
5. Louvered windows 13. Lantern windows
6. Casement windows 14. Gable windows
7. Metal 15. Ventilators
8. Sash Windows 16. Skylights

1. Fixed Windows
Fixed windows are fixed to wall without anything closing or operating, In general,
they are provided to transmit the light into the room. Fully glazed shutters are fixed
to the window frame. The shutter proved are generally weatherproof.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 8
 2. Sliding Windows
In this case, windows shutters are movable in the frame. The movement may be
horizontal or vertical based on the requirements. The movement of shutter is done by
the provision of roller bearings. Generally, this type of windows is provided in buses,
bank counters, shops, etc,.

3. Pivoted Windows
In this types of windows, pivot are provided to window frames. Pivot is a shaft which
helps to oscillate the shutter. No rebates are required for the frame. The winging may
either horizontal or vertical based on the position of pivots

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 9
 4. Double Hung Windows
Double hung windows consist of pair of shutters attached to one frame. The shutters
are arranged one above the other. These two shutters can slides vertically with in the
frame. So, we can open the windows on top or at the bottom to our required level.

To operate the double hung windows, a chain or cord consisting metal weights is
metal provided which is connected over pulleys. So, by pulling the weights of chord
the shutters can move vertically. Then we can fix the windows at our required
position of ventilation or light etc.

5. Louvered Windows
Louvered windows are similar to louvered doors which are provided for ventilation
without any outside vision. The louvers may be made of wood, glass or metal. Louvers
can also be folded by provision of cord over pulleys. We can maintain the slope of
louvers by tilting cord and lifting cord.

Recommended angle of inclination of louvers is about 45o. The sloping louvers is

downward to the outside to run-off rain water. Generally, they are provided for
bathrooms, toilets and privacy places etc.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 10
6. Casement Windows
Casement windows are the widely used and common windows nowadays. The
shutters are attached to frame and these can be opened and closed like doors shutters.
Rebates are provided to the frame to receive the shutters. The panels of shutters may
be single or multiple. Sometimes wired mesh is provided to stop entering of fly’s.

7. Metal Windows
Metal windows, generally mild steel is used for making metal windows. These are
very cheap and have more strength. So, now days these are very widely using
especially for public buildings, private buildings etc.

Some other metal like aluminum, bronze, stainless steel etc. also used to make
windows. But they are costly compared to mild steel windows. For normal casement
windows also, metal shutters are provided to give strong support to the panels/

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 11
8. Sash Windows
Sash window is type of casement windows, but in this case panels are fully glazed. It
consist top, bottom and intermediate rails. The space between the rails is divided into
small panels by means of small timber members called sash bars or glazing bars.

9. Corner Windows
As in the name itself corner windows are provided at the corners of room. That means
corner windows has two faces in perpendicular directions. By providing this type of
windows, lights or air can be entered into room in two directions.

To provide this type of window special lintel is provided in the wall. Corner windows
will give aesthetic appearance to the building.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 12
 10.Bay Windows
Bay windows are projected windows from wall which are provided to increase the
area of opening. Which enables more ventilation and light from outside. The
projection of bay windows are of different shapes. It may be triangular or rectangular
or polygonal etc. They give beautiful appearance to the structure.

11. Dormer Windows

Dormer windows are provided for sloped roofs. These are projected from the sloping
surface as shown in image below. They provide ventilation as well as lighting to the
room. They also enhance aesthetic sense of room.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 13
 12 Clerestory Windows
If the rooms in a building are of different ceiling heights, clerestory windows are
provided for the room which has a greater ceiling heights than other rooms. The
shutters able to swing with the help of the cord over pulleys. These also enhances the
beauty of building.

13. Lantern Windows

Lantern windows are provided for over the flat roofs. The main purpose of this
windows is to provide the more light and air circulation to the interior rooms.
Generally, they are projected from roof surface so, we can close the roof surface when
we required.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 14
 14. Gable Windows
Gable windows are provided for sloped roof buildings. These windows are provided at
the gable end of sloped roof so: they are called as gable windows. They also improve
the appearance of buildings.

15 Ventilators
Ventilators are provided for the purpose of ventilation in the room. They are provided
at greater height than windows nearer to roof level. It is very small size. Horizontally
pivoted shutters are provided for ventilators. Sometimes shutter is replaced by wired
mesh, in this case sunshade is provided to prevent against rain water.

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 15
 16. Skylights
Skylights or generally provided on the top of sloped roofs. To admit light into the
rooms, skylights are provided. It is provided parallel to the sloping surface. Skylights
can be opened when required. Lead gutters are arranged to frame to make as
waterproof

CE 315-18 Building System Design ; 1st sem 2022-2023 Prepared by: Dr. Rodel C. Angkahan 16