Simple Past Tense

(a) I walked to school yesterday. The simple past indicates that an

(b) He lived in Paris for ten years, but
now he is living in Rome.
(c) I bought a new car three days ago.
(d) Bob stayed home yesterday
morning
(e) Our plane arrived on time last
x night.
(f) I ate breakfast this morning.
(g) Sue took a taxi to the airport
yesterday.
(h) I was busy yesterday.
(i) They were at home last night.
activity or situation began and ended
at a particular time in the past (e.g.
yesterday, last night, two days ago, in
1999, etc)
Most simple past are formed by adding
–ed to a verb, as in (d) and (e).
Some verbs have irregular past forms,
as in (c), (f) and (g).
The simple past forms of be are was
and were.

FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST

USING “BE” was - were (NON-VERBAL)
Present Time Past Time
(a) I amin class today. (d) I was in class yesterday.
(b) Alice is at the library today. (e) Alice was at the library yesterday.
(c) My friends are at home today. (f) My friends were at home yesterday.
STATEMENT I–She–He–It was in class yesterday.
We-You-They were in class yesterday.
NEGATIVE I–She–He–It was not (wasn’t) in class yesterday.
We-You-They were not (weren’t) in class yesterday.
QUESTION Yes/No Questions
Was I–She–He–It in class yesterday?
Were We-You-They in class yesterday?
INFORMATION QUESTIONS
Where were you yesterday  In Class
(I was in class yesterday.)
Where was Jennifer last night?  At home
(She was at home last night.

EXERCISE 1
Change the sentences to the past!
1. Bob is in class today.  He was in class yesterday too.
2. I’m in class today.
3. Mary is at the library today.
4. You’re busy today.
5. The classroom is hot today.
EXERCISE 2
Make questions and give short answers!
1. (you \ at home \ last night)
A :Were you at home last night?
B :No, I wasn’t.
2. (Mr. Yamamoto \ absent from class \ yesterday)
A :____________________________________________________
B :Yes, ________________________________________________

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 3. (Alex and Sue \ at home \ last night)
A :____________________________________________________
B :Yes, ________________________________________________
4. (you and your wife \ in Canada \ last year)
A :____________________________________________________
B :No, ________________________________________________
A :Where ______________________________________________
B :In Ireland.

FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST

REGULAR VERBS (VERBAL)
Present Time
Past Time
(a) I walk to school every day. (c) I walked to
school yesterday.
(b) Ann walks to school every day. (d) Ann walked to
school yesterday.

I–You–She–He–It–We–They worked I
STATEMENT yesterday. You
I–You–She–He–It–We–They came yesterday. She
He
+ Verb -ed
It
We
they
NEGATIVE I–You–She–He–It–We–They did not (didn’t) I
work yesterday. You
I–You–She–He–It–We–They did not (didn’t) She
come yesterday. He
+ didn’t + Verb-1
It
We
they
QUESTION Yes/No Questions
DID + SUBJECT + VERB -1
Did they work yesterday?
Did Mary walk to school?

EXERCISE 3

Complete the sentences. Use the words in the list; use the SIMPLE PRESENT or the SIMPLE
PAST!

Ask rain wait Cook shave walk

Dream smile watch Erase stay
work

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 1. It often rains in the morning. It rained yesterday.
2. I _____________ to school every morning. I _____________ to school yesterday morning.
3. Sue often _____________ questions. She _____________ a question in class yesterday.
4. I _____________ a movie on television last night. I usually _____________ TV in the evening
because I want to improve my English.
5. I usually _____________ home at night because I have to study. I _____________ home last
night.
6. I have a job at the library. I _____________ at the library every evening. I _____________ there
yesterday evening.
7. Linda usually _____________ for the bus at a bus stop in front of her apartment building. She
_____________ for the bus there yesterday morning.
8. The teacher _____________ some words from the board a couple of minutes ago. He used his
hand instead of an eraser.

EXERCISE 4

Complete the sentences with was, were or did.

1. I did not go to work yesterday. I was sick, so I stayed home from the office.
2. Tom _________ not in his office yesterday. He _________ not go to work.
3. A: _________ Mr. Chan in his office yesterday?
B: Yes.
A: _________ you tell him about your problem?
4. A: Where _________ you yesterday?
B: I _________ at the zoo.
A: _________ you enjoy it?
B: Yes, but the weather _________ very hot. I tried to stay out of the sun. most of the animals
_________ in their houses or in the shade. The sun _________ too hot for them, too. They
_________ not want to be outside in the hot sun.

INFORMATIONAL QUESTIONS
USING where, why, what, when and what time
question short answer
(a) Did you go downtown?  Yes, I did / No, I didn’t
(b) Wheredid you go?  Downtown
(c) Did you run because you were late?  Yes, I did / No, I didn’t
(d) Whydid you run?  Because I was late
(e) Did Carol buy a car?  Yes, she did / No, she didn’t
(f) What did Carol buy?  A car
(g) Did Ann come at six?  Yes, she did / No, she didn’t
(h) WhendidAnn come?  At six
What time
COMPARE:
(i) What time did Ann come?At six What time usually asks specifically for time
seven o’clock on a clock.
around 9:30
(j) When did Ann come>At six. The answer to when can be various
Friday expressions of time
June 15th
Last week
Three days ago

EXERCISE 5
Make questions. Use where, when, what time, why or what.
1. A: Where did you go yesterday?
B: To the zoo. (I went to the zoo yesterday.)

3
 2. A:_________________________________________________________________
B: A new tape recorder. (I bought a new tape recorder.)
3. A:_________________________________________________________________
B: Last month. (Jason arrived in Canada last month.)
4. A:_________________________________________________________________
B: At 7:05. (My plane arrived at 7:05.)
5. A:_________________________________________________________________
B:At the library. (I studied at the library last night.)

QUESTIONS WITH “WHO”

Question
answer What is used to ask questions about things.
(a) What did they see?  A boat Who is used to ask questions about people.
(They saw a boat.)
(b) Who did they see? Jim

(They saw Jim.)

(c) Who did they see? Jim (c) and (d) have the same meaning.
Whomis used in formal English as the object of a verb or
(They saw Jim) a preposition.
(d) Whom did they see? Jim In (c): who, not whom, is usually used in every day
English.
(They saw Jim) In (d): whom is used in very formal English. Whom is
rarely used in everyday spoken English.
Who(m) did they see?Jim (They saw Jim). In (e): who(m) is the object of the verb. Usual question
word order
Who came? (QW + subject + main verb) is used.
Mary.(Mary came) In (f), (g), and (h): who is the subject of the question.
(e) Who lived there? Ed. (Edlived there) Usual question word order is NOT used. When who is the
(f) Who saw Jim? Ann. (Annsaw Jim) subject of a question, do NOT change the verb in any
way: the verb form in the question is the same as the verb
form in the answer.
INCORRECT: Who did come?

EXERCISE 6
Make questions based on the available answers!
1. A: _________________________________________________________________
B: Mary. (I saw Mary at the party)
2. A: _________________________________________________________________
B: Mary. (Mary came to the party)
3. A: _________________________________________________________________
B: John. (John lived in that house)
4. A: _________________________________________________________________
B: John. (I called John)
5. A: _________________________________________________________________
B: Bob. (Bob helped Ann)
6. A: _________________________________________________________________
B: Ann. (Bob helped Ann)

PRESENT PERFECT Tense

(a) They have moved into a new apartment. The present perfect expresses the idea that
(b) Have you ever visited Mexico? something happened (or never happened) before
(c) I have already seen that movie. now, at an unspecified time in the past. The exact
(d) I have never seen snow. time it happened is not important.
If there is a specific mention of time, the simple past
is used.
I saw that movie last night.
(e) We have had four tests so far this semester. The present perfect also expresses the repetition of
(f) I have written my wife a letter every other day for an activity before now. The exact time of each

4
 the last two weeks. repetition is not important.
(g) I have met many people since I came here in June.
(h) I have flown on an airplane many times.
(i) I have known Tom for five years. Notice the examples:
(j) Sue has had a bad cold for three days. The present perfect is formed by:
(k) They have lived here since 1994.
Have/has + past participle
(l) We have owned our own home since 1989.

EXERCISE 7

Complete the sentences with the given verbs. Use the Present Perfect.
1. teach Mr. Jackson is a teacher. He has taught biology for twenty years.
2. know I ___________________ Mary Adams since I was child.
3. be
She ___________________ a good friend for a long time.
4. live
My parents live in a suburb of Mexico City. They ___________________ in the same apartment
for twenty-five years.
5. have
6. work Janet and Sam ___________________ their dog Fido for three years.
My uncle ___________________ at the automobile factory for seventeen years.
7. be We ___________________ in class since nine o’clock this morning.
8. own Ken is a businessman. He sells car parts. He ___________________ his own business since 1994.
Mr. Cook’s hair started to turn gray when he was forty. He ___________________ gray hair
9. have since he was forty years old.
10. see I ___________________ several movies since I came to this city.

USING “FOR” and “SINCE”

SITUATION: Have been expresses the idea that a situation
I came to this city on February 1 . It is now April 1 . I
st st began in the past and still exists at present. Have
am still in this city. been is used with since or for to tell how long the
(a) I have been here sinceFebruary 1st. situation has existed. (a) and (b) have the same
(b) I have been here for two months. meaning.

SITUATION:
Kim came to this city on January 1st. It is now April 1st.
Kim is still in this city.
(c) Kim has been here since January.
(d) Kim has been here for three months.
SITUATION: Since is followed by a specific time:
I came to the classroom at nine o’clock. Since February (specific month)
I am in the classroom now. It’s nine-thirty now. Since nine o’clock (specific clock time)
(e) I have been here since nine o’clock. Since 1995 (specific year)
(f) I have been here for 30 minutes.

For is followed by a length/duration of time:

SITUATION:
For two months (number of months)
Ann lives in another city. She came to visit me Monday
For 30 minutes (length of clock time)
morning. Now it is Friday morning. She is still here.
For four days (number of days
(g) Ann has been here since Monday.
(h) Ann has been here for four days. For three years (number of years)

EXERCISE 8

Complete the sentences with since or for.

1. I came to this city six months ago. I am still here. I have been in this city __________ six months.
2. Kim has been in this city __________ January.
3. It’s now two o’clock. Carmen has been in class __________ one o’clock.
4. Carmen has been in class __________ an hour.
5. Erica has been a teacher __________ 1994.
6. Mr. Gow has been a plumber __________ 20 years.
7. My parents are visiting me this week. They have been here __________ five days.
8. They have been here __________ last Saturday.

5
 9. India has been an independent nation __________ 1947.
10. I have been awake __________ six o’clock this morning.

present perfect: negatives and questions

(a) I have not (haven’t) lived here for a long time.
(b) Ken has not (hasn’t) been in the class since the
beginning of the term.
(c) Have you lived here for a long time?
(d) HasKen been in this class since the beginning or
the term?
Negative form of the present perfect:
Have/has + not + past participle
Negative contractions:
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t
Question form of the present perfect:
Have/has+ subject + past participle

Using “since” clause

(a) I’ve been afraid of dogs sinceI was child. Since can be followed by a subject and
Main clause verb. In (a): since I was child = since-
since-clause clause.
(b) Mr. Lo has been a teacher sincehe graduated from college Notice the examples: the verb in the main
(c) Sue and I have been friends since we were children. clause is present perfect. The verb in the
since-clause is simple past.

EXERCISE 9

Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the PRESENT PERFECT or SIMPLE
PAST.

1. Maria got some bad news last week. She (be) __has been__ sad since she (get) __got__ the
bad news.
2. I started school when I was five years. I (be) _______________ in school since I (be)
_______________ five years old.
3. Ann’s brother arrived five days ago to visit her. She loves her brother and is happy to be with him.
She (be) _______________ happy since her brother (come) _______________
4. Jack moved to Hong Kong after he graduated from the university. Jim (be) _______________ in
Hong Kong since he (graduate) _______________ from the university.
5. The weather was hot and dry for many weeks. Two days ago it rained. The weather (be) _______________
cool and wet since it (rain) _______________ two days ago.
6. Jack broke his leg five days ago. He’s in the hospital. He (be) _______________ in the hospital since he
(break) _______________ his leg.

the present perfect: questions with “how long”

(a) A :How long have you been in this city? Informational Question form of the present perfect:
B :For five months QW +have/has + Subject + past participle
(b) A :How long has Ali had a mustache?
B :Since he was twenty-one years old.
(c) A :How long have you known Maria?
B :Since the beginning of the school term

EXERCISE 10

Pair up with a classmate. Do as the example.

Example : have a mustache
Student A : How long have you had a mustache?
Student B : I’ve had a mustache since I was seventeen years old.
1. Be in this city/country
2. Be in this class
3. Know (name of a classmate)
4. Be a student at this school
5. Be in this room today

6
 Simple Past vs. Present Perfect
SIMPLE PAST
(a) I finished my work two hours ago.
PRESENT PERFECT
(b) I have already finished my work.
SIMPLE PAST
(c) I was in Europe last year.
(d) I was in Europe three years ago.
(e) I was in Europe in 1999.
(f) I was in Europe when I was ten years old.
PRESENT PERFECT
(g) I have been in Europe many times.
(h) I have been in Europe several times.
(i) I have been in Europe a couple of times.
(j) I have been in Europe once (no mention of time).
SIMPLE PAST
(k) Ann was in Miami for two weeks.
PRESENT PERFECT
(l) Bob has been in Miami for two weeks/ since May
first.
In (a): I finished my work at a specific time in the past
(two hours ago).
In (b): I finished my work at an Unspecified time in the
past (sometime before now).
The Simple Past expresses an activity that occurred at
a specific time (or times) in the past, as in (a), (c), (d),
(e), and (f).
The Present Perfect expresses an activity that
occurred at an unspecified time (or times) in the past,
as in (b), (g), (h), (i), and (j).
In (e): In sentences where for is used in a time
expression, the simple past expresses an activity that
began and ended in the past.
In (f): In sentences with for or since, the present
perfect expresses an activity that began in the past
and continues to the present.

EXERCISE 11

Directions: Discuss the meanings of the verb tenses.

1. All of the verbs in the following talk about past tense, but the verb in (a) is different from the other
three verbs. What is the difference?
(a) I have had several bicycles in my lifetime.
(b) I had a red bicycle when I was in elementary school.
(c) I had a blue bicycle when I was a teenager.
(d) I had a green bicycle when I lived and worked in Hong Kong.
2. What are the differences in the ideas the verb tenses express?
(e) I had a wonderful bicycle last year.
(f) I’ve had many wonderful bicycles.

EXERCISE 12
Ask and answer questions, using the Present Perfect and the Simple Past.
Example:
A : Ron, what countries have you been in?
B : Well, I’ve been in Norway, and I’ve been in Peru.
A : Oh? When were you in Norway?
B : I was in Norway three years ago.
1. What countries have you been in?
When were you in _______________?
2. What cities in Indonesia have you been in?
When were you in _______________?
3. What are some of the things you have done since you came to this city?
When did you _______________?
4. What are some of the things we’ve done in class since the beginning of the term?
When did we _______________?
5. What are the most unusual things you have done in your lifetime?
When did you _______________?

EXERCISE 13

Use the SIMPLE PAST or PRESENT PERFECT. In some sentences, either tense is possible but the meaning
is different.

7
 1. I (attend, not) ___________________ any parties since I came here.
2. Al (go) ___________________ to a party at Sally’s apartment last Saturday night.
3. Bill (arrive) ___________________ here three days ago.
4. Bill (be) ___________________ here since the 22nd.
5. Try not to be absent from class for the rest of the term. You (miss, already) ___________________ too
many classes. You (miss) ___________________ two classes just last week.
6. Last January, I (see) ___________________ snow for the first time in my life.
7. In her whole lifetime, Anna (see, never) ___________________ snow.
8. I (know) ___________________ Greg Adams for ten years.
9. So far this week, I (have) ___________________ two tests and a quiz.
10. Up to now, Professor Williams (give) ___________________ our class five tests.

EXERCISE 14

Use the SIMPLE PAST or PRESENT PERFECT.

1. What (learn, you) ___________________ since you (come) ___________________ here? How many new
friends (make, you) ___________________? I hope you (meet, already) ___________________ a lot of
interesting people.
2. Since classes began, I (have, not) ___________________ much free time. I (have) ___________________
several big tests to study for.
3. Last night my roommate and I (have) ___________________ some free time, so we (go)
___________________ to a show.
4. I admit that I (get) ___________________ older since I last (see) you, but with any luck at all, I (get, also)
wiser.
5. The science of medicine (advance) ___________________ a great deal in the nineteenth century.
6. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, medical scientists (make) ___________________ many
important discoveries.
7. Libraries today are different from those in the 1800s. for example, the contents of libraries (change)
___________________ greatly through the years. In the 1800s, libraries (be) ___________________
simply collections of books. However, today most libraries (become) ___________________ multimedia
centers that contain tapes, computers, disks, films, magazines, music and paintings. The role of the library
in society (change, also) ___________________. In the 1800s, libraries (be) ___________________open
only to certain people, such as scholars or the wealthy. Today libraries serve everyone.
8. A: Are you taking Chemistry 101 this semester?
B: No, I (take, already) ___________________ it. I (take) ___________________ it last semester. This
semester I’m in 102.
9. A: Hi, Judy. Welcome to the party. (meet, you, ever) ___________________ my cousin?
B: No, I ___________________.
10. A: Do you like lobster?
B: I don’t know. I (eat, never) ___________________ it.

8
 Historical
Events

GENRE: RECOUNT
(HISTORICAL TOPIC)

Social function:
General Recount text:
To inform/tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events
Historical Recount text:
To document and explain a series of events or period in history, and to evaluate the significance of the
events

There are several types of recounts including

- Historical Recount,
- Personal Recount,
- Factual Recount
- Imaginative Recount. 
Historical Recount Text

Generic structure:
Orientation (background) : provides the setting and introduces participants
Who were involved
Where it happened
When it happened
Events : tell what happened, in what sequence (in chronological order)
 Use paragraphs to record events in chronological order
 Must indicate or imply time period
 May include causes and consequences of events
Re-orientation : optional- Evaluates or sums up the significance of events
Express feeling or impression .
Denote the end of the events.

Lexicogrammatical Features:
1. Focuses on a sequence of events all of which relate to a particular occasion.
2. Introduces specific participants: I, my group, etc
3. Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
4. Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
5. Frequent use of Simple Past Tenseand Past Continuous Tense.
6. Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
7. The use of temporal sequences to show the events:
- Before..., ... - During ..., ...
- After...., ... - At that time, ...
- When/while ..., ... - After that, ...
- Next,... - finally, ...

9
Activity 1

In English version:

The Youth Pledge

Firstly,
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.
Secondly,
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.
Thirdly,
We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, respect the language of unity, Indonesian.

Answer the following questions!

1. Do you memorize the above original text?
2. Who formulated the text?
3. what prompted the youth to formulate and pledge the points as stated in the youth pledge?
4. In what event was the text written?
5. Can you tell the story behind the formulation of the text?

Activity 2

Analyze the generic structure of the text!

History of "SumpahPemuda"

Generic Text
Structure
The idea of organizing the Second Youth Congress Student Association Students
from Indonesia ( PPPI), a student-member youth organizations from all over Indonesia. On
the initiative of GN, the congress was organized in three different buildings and is divided in
three meetings. Resulting in the Youth Pledge.
First meeting, KatholiekeJongenlingen Building Bond. The first meeting, Saturday,
October 27, 1928, at the Katholieke Jongenlingen Building Bond (GOC), Bull Field. In his
speech, Soegondo hope the conference will strengthen the spirit of unity in the hearts of
the youth. The event continued with a description of the meaning and Jamin Moehammad
union relationships with youth. According to him, there are five factors that can strengthen
the unity of Indonesia that is history, languages, customary law, education, and willingness.
Second Meeting, Building Oost-Java Bioscoop. The second meeting, Sunday,

10
 October 28, 1928, in Building Oost-Java Bioscoop, discuss education issues. The second
speaker, and SarmidiPoernomowoelanMangoensarkoro, agrees that children should be
educated nationality, must also be a balance between education at school and at home.
Children also should be educated in a democratic manner.
Third Meeting, Building Indonesisch HuisKramat. At the next session, Soenario
explains the importance of nationalism and democracy in addition to scouting movement.
While Ramelan argues, scouting movement can not be separated from the national
movement. Scouting movement since the early to educate children and self-discipline, the
things that are needed in the struggle.
Before the congress closes played the song "Indonesia" by Wage Rudolf
Supratman. The song was greeted with a very festive by congress participants. Congress
closed with a statement announcing the results of the congress. By the youth in
attendance, the formula is pronounced as “SumpahPemuda”.
http://fanymardiyanti.blogspot.co.id/2011/10/history-of-youth-pledge.html

Activity 3

Arrange the jumbled paragraph into a good text!

Finding The Borobudur Temple

Paragraph No
Some evidences and theories suggest that Borobudur temple was disappeared
during the reign of Hindu kingdoms and Islam in java in 14th-century and the years after
it. It was disappeared because of the eruption of Merapi Mountain that buried most of the
surrounding area including Borobudur.
However, of course at that time, the face of Borobudur was extremely different
from its appearance today. Since it was found, the British government restored that
temple and continued by the Dutch government. The largest restoration was undertaken
by Indonesian government and UNESCO between 1975 until 1982.
Since then, we can learn about the history and enjoy beauty of the Borobudur
Temple.
But because of that eruption then the temple was survived and untouchable until in
1814 during the British colonization, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (the British ruler of
Java at that time) got information that there was a hill with carved texture. After that,
Thomas Stamford Raffles made a project to dig and clear that area and after 2 mounts
working the Borobudur temple was appeared.

Borobudur temple was built in 9th-century in (now) Magelang city, Central Java,
Indonesia. That temple was built during the reign of Sailendra Dynasty as the symbolic
monument retelling the life of Buddha in which people can learn about Buddhist religion.
The temple was design in Javanese Buddhist architecture as the acculturation of Indian
and Javanese culture.
Last week I was visiting Borobudur temple. It was a great temple and one of the
biggest Buddhist temples in the world. I had been there for several times and I still love to
go there again and again. I know a little bit about the history of the restoration of the
Borobudur Temple.

https://gudangpelajaran.com/contoh-recount-text/

11
Activity 4

Find the topic sentence and details of the paragraph!

Rengasdengklok

Paragraph Topic sentence & details

On August 14,1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally to Topic sentence:
the Allies. The news was kept secret by the Japanese army in
Indonesia, but SutanSyahrir, the youth of Indonesia, knew it
through the BBC Radio Broadcasts in London on August 15,1945.
At the same time, Ir. Soekarno and Drs. MohHatta returned to the
Details:
Indonesia from Saigon, Vietnam.

On August 15, at 8 p.m., under the leadership of Topic sentence:

ChairulSaleh, younger groups and older groups gathered in the
backroom Bacteriology Laboratory which located in
JalanPegangsaaanTimur number 13, Jakarta. The younger group
argued that Indonesia must declare their independence
immediately. But the older group didn’t agree that. Because of Details:
that, independence should be discussed on PPKI meeting on
August 18, 1945.

Because there was a different opinion between older Topic sentence:

groups and younger groups, younger groups brought Soekarno
and Hatta to Rengasdengklok in early morning of August 16,
1945. Rengasdengklok was chosen because it was located away
from Jakarta. Yonger groups tried to push Soekarno and Hatta to Details:
declare Indonesia Independence.

After a long discussion, Soekarno was willing to declare it Topic sentence:

after returning to Jakarta. At that moment in Jakarta, Wikana from
younger groups and Ahmad Soebarjo from older groups made a
negotiations. The results was that the declaration of Indonesia
Independence should be held in Jakarta. In addition, Tadashi
Maeda allowed his place for negotiations and he was willing to
guarantee their safety. Finally, Soekarno and Hatta were picked Details:
from Rengasdengklok.

Text of Proclamation of Indonesia Independence Topic sentence:

formulated by Soekarno, Hatta, and Ahmad Subarjo. Once the text
was completed and approved, SajutiMelik then copied and typed
the manuscript used a typewriter. Details:

At first Proclamation of Indonesia Independence would be Topic sentence:

read at Ikala Field. But looked at the road to the Ikada Field was
guarded by japanese army. Finally they moved to residence of
Soekarno at JalanPegangsaanTimur number 56 Jakarta. Details:

On the day of Friday, August 17 1945, Soekarno read the Topic sentence:
Proclamation of Indonesia Independence text and then connected
with a short speech without text. After that, LatifHendraNingrat and
Soehoedwas fluttering the flag which had sewn by Mrs.

12
 Fatmawati. Then audience sang Indonesia Raya song together. Details:
Finally the proclamtion was heard throughout the country. 

http://edhisma.blogspot.co.id/2017/04/contoh-text-historical-recount.html

Activity 5

1. Match the words in the left column with the definitions in the right one.
Word Answe Definition
r
1. commemorated a. a force which acts to stop the progress of something or
make it slower
2. Independence b. a decision or arrangement, often formal and written,
between two or more groups or people
3. Bombardment c. very brave or great
4. Surrender d. The attack a place with continuous shooting or bombs
5. Resistance e. freedom from being governed or ruled by another country
6. Heroic f. soldiers on duty in a large group
7. Troops g. to stop fighting and admit defeat
8. Agreement h. remembered officially and give respect to a great person or
event

2. Fill the suitable word in the left column in the blanks!

The Battle on Nopember 10, 1945

The Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-independence Indonesian soldiers and
militia against British and British Indian (1)___________ as a part of the Indonesian National
Revolution.
On 27 October 1945, a British plane from Jakarta dropped leaflets over Surabaya urging all
Indonesian troops and militia to (2)___________ their weapons. The leaders of the Indonesian
troops and militia were angered, seeing it as a breaking of the agreement reached with Mallaby
earlier.
Brig. A. W. S. Mallaby, the British brigade commander in Surabaya, was travelling about
Surabaya to spread the news about the new (3)___________ to his troops. Shortly after that,
Mallaby was shot and killed. That made Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christenson was angered .
At dawn on 10 November, British troops began a methodical advance through the city under the
cover of naval and air (4)___________. Fighting was heavy, with British troops clearing buildings
room by room.

The battle was the heaviest single battle of the revolution and became a national symbol of
Indonesian (5)___________. Considered a (6)___________ effort by Indonesians, the battle helped
galvanize Indonesian and international support for Indonesian (7)___________.

It was a day now (8)___________ in Indonesia as Heroes’ Day.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Surabaya

Activity 6

Choose the best answer!

The Japanese Occupation in Indonesia

After their attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, the Japanese forces moved southwards to conquer
several Southeast Asian countries. After Singapore had fallen, they invaded the Dutch East Indies and
the colonial army surrendered in March 1942.

13
 Soekarno and Hatta were released from their arrest. The Japanese began their propaganda
campaign for what they called “Great East Asia Co-prosperity”. But Indonesians soon realized that it was
a camouflage for Japanese imperialism in place of Dutch colonialism.
To further the cause of Indonesia’s independence, Soekarno and Hatta appeared to cooperate with
the Japanese authorities. In reality, however, Indonesian nationalist leaders went underground and
masterminded a struggle against Japan in Blitar (East Java), Tasikmalaya and Indramayu (West Java),
and in Sumatra and Kalimantadonesn.
Under the pressure of the 4th Pacific war, where their supply lines were interrupted, and the
increasing of Indonesian insurrections, the Japanese ultimately gave in to allow the red-and-white flag to
fly as the Indonesian national flag. Recognition of “Indonesia Raya” as the national anthem and Bahasa
Indonesia as the national language followed. Hence, the youth’s pledge of 1928 was fulfilled.
After persistent demands, the Japanese finally agreed to place the civil administration of the
country into Indonesian hands. This was a golden opportunity for nationalist leaders to prepare for the
proclamation of Indonesia’s independence.
1. When did the Japanese occupation in Indonesia started?
A. After the attack on Pearl Harbor
B. Within the 4th Pacific war
C. After the colonial army surrendered in 1942
D. After the youth’s pledge of 1928 was fulfilled
E. When the Japanese began propaganda campaign

2. How did the Japanese attract the attention of Indonesian people?

A. By releasing Soekarno and Hatta from their arrest.
B. By allowing the red-and-white flag to fly
C. By recognizing Indonesia Raya as the national anthem
D. By recognizing Bahasa Indonesia as the national language.
E. By campaigning propaganda called “Great East Asia Co-prosperity”.

3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

A. Indonesian nationalists pretended to cooperate with Japanese.
B. Japanese went underground to fight against Indonesia.
C. Indonesian nationalists prepared the Pacific war.
D. Indonesian nationalists prepared the Indonesia’s independence.
E. Indonesian nationalists cooperated with Japanese authorities.

4. Why did the Japanese allow Indonesia to fly red-and-white flag as Indonesian national flag?
A. Because the Japanese was kind to Indonesia
B. Because the Japanese wanted to attract Indonesian people
C. Because the Japanese wanted to cheat Indonesian people
D. Because of the pressure of the 4th Pacific war and the Indonesian insurrections
E. Because the Japanese wanted to fulfill the Youth’s pledge of 1928

5. The Indonesian nationalists pretended to cooperate with Japan … they wanted to avoid Japan’s
suspicion.
A. Therefore B.so that C. Because of D.in order that
E. Because

6. The Japanese campaigned propaganda “Great East Asia Co-prosperity” ….. attract the attention of
Indonesian people.
A. In order to B. because C. In order that D. consequently E. So that

GRAMMAR SHOT

14
 PAST PROGRESSIVE
The Simple Past and the Past Progressive
(a) Mary walked downtown yesterday.
(b) I slept for eight hours last night.
(c) I sat down at the dinner table at 6:00 pm
yesterday. Tom came to my house at 6:10 pm.
I was eating dinner when Tom came.
(d) I went to bed at 10:00. The phone rang at
11:00.
I was sleeping when the phone rang.
(e) At eight o’clock last night, I was studying.
(f) Last year at this time, I was attending school.
(g) While I was studying in one room of our
apartment, my roommate was having a party
in the other room.
The Simple Past is used to talk about an activity or
situation that began and ended at a particular time in the
past (e.g., yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 1999) as
in (a) and (b).
The Past Progressive expresses an activity that was in
progress (was occuring, was happening) at a point of time
in the past (e.g., at 6:10) or at the time of another action
(e.g., when Tom came).
In (c): eating was in progress at 6:10; eating was in
progress when Tom came.
In (e): My studying began before 8:00, was in progress at
that time, and probably continued.
Sometimes, the past progressive is used in both parts of a
sentence when two actions are in progress
simultaneously.

Forms Of The Past Progressive

STATEMENT I-She-He-It was working

You-We-They were working

NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not (wasn’t) working

You-We-They were not (weren’t) working

QUESTION Was I-She-He-It working?

Were You-We-They working?

SHORT ANSWER Yes, I-She-He-It was. Yes, you-we-they were.

No, I-She-He-It wasn’t. No, you-we-theyweren’t.

EXERCISE 1

Complete the sentences. Use a form of “be+sit”

1. I am sitting in class right now.
2. I was sitting in class yesterday too.
3. You _______________ in class right now.
4. You _______________ in class yesterday too.
5. Tony _______________ in class right now.
6. He _______________ in class yesterday too.
7. We _______________ in class right now.
8. We _______________ in class yesterday too.
9. Rita _______________ in class right now.
10. She _______________ in class yesterday too.

“While” vs. “When” in Past Time Clauses

(a) The mouse appeared whileI was studying. OR: The verb in while-clause is often past progressive,
(b) While I wasstudying, the mouse appeared. as in (a) and (b).
(c) When the mouse appeared, I was studying. OR: The verb in a when-clause if often simple past, as
(d) I was studying when the mouse appeared. in (c) and (d).
(e) When the phone rang, I was sleeping. When = at that time
(f) The phone rang while I was sleeping. While = during that time
(e) and (f) have the same meaning

15
 (g) I opened my umbrella when it began to rain.
(h) When I droppedmy cup, the coffee spilled on my
lap.
If a sentence contains when and has the Simple
Past in both clauses, the action in the “when-
clause” happens first.
In (g): 1st : The rain began.
2nd: I opened my umbrella.
In (h): 1st: I dropped my cup
2nd: The coffee spilled on my lap.

EXERCISE 2

Use the words in parentheses to complete the sentences. Discuss the meaning of the phrase ‘in
progress’

1. Paul started to eat dinner at 7:00. At 7:05, Mary came. Paul (eat) _________________ when
Mary (come) _________________ at 7:05.

2. Bobby was at home yesterday evening. His favorite program was on television last night. It
started at 8:00. It ended at 9:00. At 8:30, his friend Kristin called. When kristin (call)
_________________ at 8:30, Bobby (watch) _________________ TV.

3. Rosa played her guitar for an hour yesterday morning. She started to play her guitar at 9:30. She
stopped at 10:30. Mike arrived at her apartment at 10:00. At 10:00, Rosa (play)
_________________ her guitar.

EXERCISE 3

16
Look at the pictures. Use the PAST PROGRESSIVE to describe the activities what were in
progress.
Mr. and Mrs. Gold invited several friends to their house for the weekend. A thief stole Mrs. Gold’s jewelry
at midnight on Saturday. What were the guests doing at midnight?

EXERCISE 4

Combine the sentences. Use “while”

1. I was studying last night
Rita called.
While I was studying last night, Rita called.
Rita called while I was studying last night.
2. Someone knocked on my apartment door.
I was eating breakfast yesterday morning.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. I was cooking dinner yesterday evening.
I burned my hand.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. I was studying last night.
A mouse suddently appeared on my desk.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Yoko raised her hand.
The teacher was talking.
_________________________________________________________________

17
 _________________________________________________________________
6. A tree fell on my car.
I was driving home yesterday.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 5

Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the SIMPLE PAST or the PAST
PROGRESSIVE.

1. Bob went to bed at 10:30. At 11:00 Bob (sleep) ______________________. While Bob (sleep)
______________________, the phone (ring) ____________________. In other words, when the phone
(ring) ____________________, Bob (sleep) ____________________.
2. Bob left his house at 8:00 am and (begin) ____________________ to walk to class. While he (walk)
____________________ to class, he (see) ____________________ Mrs. Smith. When Bob (see)
____________________ Mrs. Smith, she (stand) ____________________ on her front porch. She (hold)
____________________ a broom. Mrs. Smith (wave) ____________________ at Bob when she (see) him.
3. My mother called me around 5:00. My husband came home a little after that. When he (come)
____________________ home, ,I (talk) ____________________ to my mother on the phone.
4. I (buy) ____________________ a small gift before I (go) ____________________ to the hospital
yesterday to visit my friend.
5. Yesterday afternoon I (go) ____________________ to visit the Smith family. When I (get)
____________________ there around two o’clock, Mrs. Smith (be) ____________________ in the yard.
She (plant) ____________________ flowers in her garden. Mr. Smith (be) ____________________ in the
garage. He (work) ____________________ on their car. He (change) ____________________ the oil. The
children (play) ____________________ in the front yard. In other words, while Mr. Smith (change)
____________________ the oil in the car, the children (play) ____________________ with a ball in the
yard.
6. I (hit) ____________________ my thumb while I (use) ____________________ the hammer.
Ouch! That (hurt) ____________________
7. As soon as we (hear) ____________________ the news of the appoaching hurricane, we (begin)
____________________ our preparations for the storm.
8. It was a long walk home. Mr. Chu (walk) ____________________ until he (get)
____________________ tired. Then he (stop) ____________________ and (rest)
____________________ until he (be) ____________________ stronI g enough to continue.
9. While I (lie) ____________________ in bed last night, I (hear) ____________________ a
strange noise. When I (hear) ____________________ this strange noise, I (turn)
____________________ on the light. I (hold) ____________________ my breath and (listen)
____________________ carefully. A mouse (chew) ____________________ on something
under the floor.
10. I work at a computer all day long. Yesterday while I (look) ____________________ at my
computer screen, I (start) ____________________ to feel a little dizzy, so I (take)
____________________ a break. While I (take) ____________________ a short break ourdoors
and (enjoy) ____________________ the warmth of the sun on my face, an elderly gentleman
(come) ____________________ to me and (ask) _________________ me for direction to the
public library. After I (tell) ____________________ him how to get there, he (thank)
____________________ me and (go) on his way.

EXERCISE 6

Choose the best completion.

1. I was watching TV. I heard a knock on the door. When I heard the knock on the door, I
___________ it.
A. Open B. Opened C. Am opening D.was opening
2. “When ___________ you talk to Jane?”

18
 A. Do B.did C. should D.were
3. I ___________ TV when Gina called last night. We talked for an hour.
A. Watch B.was watching C.Watched D.am watching
4. Mike is in his bedroom right now. He ___________, so we need to be quiet.
A. Is sleeping C.slept C. Sleeps D.was sleeping
5. Kate ___________ tell us the truth yesterday. She lied to us.
A. Don’t B. didn’t C. Doesn’t D. wasn’t
6. I saw a fish while I ___________ in the ocean yesterday.
A. Swim
C. were swimming
B. Was swimming D.
swam
7. When I heard the phone ring, I ___________ it.
A. Answer
C. answered
B. Were answering D.
was answering
8. “___________ you go to concerts often?”
“Yes, I go at least once a month.”
A. Do
C. was
B. Did
D. were
9. While I ___________ dinner last night, I burned my finger.
A. Cooking
C. was cooking
B. Cook
D. cooked
10. “Where ___________ after work yesterday?”
A. You went C.
did you went

19
 3
Biographical
Recount

Biographical recount is a text which has a purpose to retell the event of famous person’s life. Meanwhile
personal narrative tells the true story that happened to the writer him self. Let’s take a look at the samples
below.

1.   Generic structure
The purpose of a biographical recount is to inform by retelling past events and achievements in a
person’s life.
The texts consist of three parts:
a)   Part 1: Orientation
It given the reader the background information as two why this person is.
Noteworthy and should have a biography written about the. The opening paragraph should
answer the questions: who, what, where, when, and how.
b)   Part 2: Series of events
It presents a series of events, usually told in chronological order. Here the writer might refer to a
certain time on line.
c)    Part 3: Reorientation
It consists of a type of conclusion with a comment on the contributions this person has made or a
summary and evaluation of the person’s achievement.

2.  Language Features

a)  A biographical recount uses specific names of the people involved in the biography.
b)  It is mainly written in simple past tense (the final paragraph could also include the present tense)
c)  A biographical recount also uses liking word to do with time.
d)  A biographical recount describes events, so it uses many verb or action verb.

Short Biography of Kurt Cobain

Part 1: Orientation
Kurt Cobain was the lead singer and the guitarist of an American grunge band called Nirvana. He was
born in Aberdeen, Washington, on 20 February 1967.
Part 2: Series of events
When Cobain was eight years old, his parents divorced. This divorce gave bad impact on his life. At his
fourteenth birthday, his uncle gave him a guitar as the gift. Since that, he began work on his own songs.
He and his friend, KristNovoselic usually practiced music in the upstairs room of a salon own by
Novoselic`s mother.
In 1986, they formed a grunge band named Nirvana. Cobain was the vocalist as well as guitarist and
Novoselic played bass. They released their first album titled Bleach in 1989. In 1991 they released the
second album, Never mind. It was their greatest album which made them a kind of popular superstar.
This album included popular songs like Smell Like Teen Spirit, About A Girl, Come as You Are, In Bloom
and Lithium.
Part 3: Reorientation
However the popularity was intimidating to Cobain. He began addicted to drugs and became worse, even
he overdosed on heroin. On March 30, he went to a rehabilitation but ran away. He was reported missing
for a few days. Then on 8 April 1994, he was found dead in his house in Lake Washington. He had shot
himself.

20
 Albert Einstein Biography
March 14, 1879 – April 18, 1955

Albert Einstein is one of the most notable and influential scientists of the twentieth century. Although he
became known as a genius of science and gained considerable fame later in life, as a child he was slow
in learning to speak, and had a rebellious nature towards the conventional styles of learning at school,
which left many teachers to believe he would amount to little.

Inspired by a compass, his “sacred little geometry book”, and classical music, his interest in science and
mathematics grew and by the age of sixteen he was writing his first research science paper, and
attempting to skip the last few years of high school to enter the Swiss institute of Technology. He failed
the entrance exam but set a precedent in his life for thinking outside of the box and challenging the rules.
His most famous discovery is the theory of relativity, E=MC2, which overturned Isaac Newton’s laws by
explaining the relation of energy and mass as a consequence of space and time. First introduced in a 3-
page paper in 1905, the theory was so revolutionary it couldn’t be proven until more advanced technology
was available years later.

Born in Germany and raised in the Jewish faith, Einstein strongly opposed injustices of race and religion
and often lent himself to the American civil rights movement and the efforts of the Zionist movement to
preserve and cultivate the Jewish faith. He was instrumental in setting up the Hebrew University of Israel
and was even invited to become Israel’s second president, which he declined. Above all else Einstein
maintained a non-nationalistic pacifist belief and urged for the disarmament of all nations and the
formation of a one-world government. Often credited as the creator of the atom bomb, Einstein merely
wrote a letter to President Roosevelt warning of Germany’s possible use of nuclear weapons and was
actually barred from participating in the United States’ development of the atom bomb.

Albert Einstein is not only a world-renowned scientist who left an indelible mark on the world but also an
icon of popular culture whose name and image have come to represent genius and intellect.
Taken from: http://www.biography.com

Exercise 1
Part of the text:
1. Orientation : …..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Series of events : …………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Reorientation : ……………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2
Match the words in the column A with their meaning in column B
A B
A. known 1. dedicated to a religious purpose and so deserving veneration
B. conventional 2. demonstrate the truth or existence of (something) by evidence or

21
 argument
C. sacred 3. eager to prevent or put an end to
D. proven 4. fasten (something, especially a door or window) with a bar or bars
E. opposed 5. the faculty of reasoning and understanding objectively, especially with
regard to abstract or academic matters
F. movement 6. famous
G. Merely 7. known or talked about by many people; famous
H. Barred 8. in accordance with what is generally done or believed
I. renowned 9. just; only.
J. Intellect 10. an act of changing physical location or position or of having this
changed

Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with the information about Albert Einstein mentioned in the reading text.
Full Name : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Place of Birth : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Date of Birth : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Residence : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Zodiac : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Date of Died : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Place of Died : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Wives:
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
Children:
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
Known for:
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………
 ………………………………………………………………

Exercise 4.
Read the text and choose the best answers to the questions!
Faraday
Faraday studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current. While conducting these
studies, Faraday established the basis for the electromagnetic field concept in physics, subsequently enlarged upon
by James Maxwell. He similarly discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He
established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two
phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology,
and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology.

As a chemist, Michael Faraday discovered benzene, investigated the clathrate hydrate of chlorine, invented an early
form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularized terminology such as anode,
cathode, electrode, and ion.

Although Faraday received little formal education and knew little of higher mathematics, such as calculus, he was
one of the most influential scientists in history. Historians of science refer to him as the best experimentalist in the
history of science. The SI unit of capacitance, the farad, is named after him, as is the Faraday constant, the charge on
a mole of electrons (about 96,485 coulombs). Faraday’s law of induction states that magnetic flux changing in time
creates a proportional electromotive force.

Faraday was the first and foremost Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, a
position to which he was appointed for life.

Albert Einstein kept a photograph of Faraday on his study wall alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk
Maxwell.

22
Faraday was highly religious. He was a member of the Sandemanian Church, a Christian sect founded in 1730 that
demanded total faith and commitment. Biographers have noted that a strong sense of the unity of God and nature
pervaded Faraday’s life and work.

1. What was Michael Faraday expert?

A. science, history and religion
B. chemistry, electricity and calculus
C. electronic, technology and religion
D. chemistry, physic and mathematics
E. physic, technology and photography

2. Which of the following statements closely relates to Michael Faraday?

A. Michael Faraday dedicated his life in science and religion.
B. Michael Faraday was downhearted his life in science.
C. Michael Faraday concentrated his life in technology.
D. Michael Faraday was one of successful scientists.
E. Michael Faraday poured his science in technology.

3. Based on the first paragraph, we conclude that ….

A. Faraday and James found the similar electromagnetic
B. Faraday found the electromagnetic induction
C. James discovered a DC electric current
D. James invented the motor technology
E. Faraday found the motor technology

Exercise 5

Arrange the jumbled sentences into a good paragraph.

1. I jumped and ran as fast as I could.
2. That dog stopped chasing me turned back to his master with full of glory
3. My name is Hadi. I am a country boy.
4. I used to live in the village I loved   looking for fruits in my neighborhood.
5. My neighbor had a mango tree. It had lots of mature fruits on it.
6. I tried to pick some of them and climbed it. 
7. But when I was climbing the tree, there was an ugly creature watching me.
8. It began to jump and bark loudly.

Conclusion of Biographical Recount Text

Purpose                    : To tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of
events

Text organization    : Orientation

                                   (who were involved, when and where)
                                    Events
                                    (Tell what happened in chronological order)
Reorientation

Reduced Adverbial Clause

Reduced adverbial clauseadalahadverbial clause yang diperpendekmenjadiadverbial phrase.

Tidaksemuaadverbial clausedapatdireduksi.Hanya adverbial clause of time (waktu), cause and
effect (sebabdanakibat), dancontrast (pertentangan) yang memungkinkanuntukdireduksi. Adverbial
clause tersebutmungkindapatdireduksijikasubject-nyasamadengansubjectpadamain clause-nya.
Adverbial phrase yang kemudiandidapatmendeskripsikansubjectpadabagianmain clause.

RumusdanContohKalimat Reduced Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause of Time

Reduced adverbial clause
of time dengansubordinate conjunctionbefore, after,
dansincedidapatdenganmenghilangkansubjectdanmenggantiverb (kata kerja) denganverb-ing.

23
Sedangkandenganas, subjectdihilangkanbersamaconjunctiontersebut.Adverbial clause yang
menggunakanas soon as dapatdiperpendekdenganmenghilangkansubject,
menggantiverbdenganverb-ing, danmengganticonjunctiontersebutdenganpreposition (kata
depan) uponatauon.

Rumus ContohKalimat

before / after / since / while+ S + V They had met twice before they got married.

reduced:
reduced:
They had met twice before getting married.
before / after / since / while + V-ing
as + S + V
As I was driving home, I saw him crossing the street.
reduced: reduced:

Driving home, I saw him crossing the street.

V-ing
as soon as + S + V As soon as he arrived home, he collapsed onto sofa.
reduced:
reduced:
 Upon arriving home, he collaped onto sofa.
upon/on + V-ing  On arriving hime, he collaped onto sofa.

Adverbial Clause of Cause and Effect

Conjunctionas, because, dan sincepadaadverbial clause of cause and
effect dihilangkanbersamadengansubjectpadaversireduksinya.
Rumus ContohKalimat

as / because / since + Since you have read it, you should already know that cell-phone radiation
S+V may cause health problems
reduced:
reduced: Having read it, you should already know that cell-phone radiation may cause
health problems.
V-ing Because he didn’t feel well, he went to bed early.
reduced:
Not feeling well, he went to bed early.

Reduced Adverbial Clause of Contrast

Adverbial clause of contrast  denganalthough, though, danwhile yang
menggunakanverbselainto be (is, am, are, was, were)
direduksidenganmenghilangkansubjectdanmenggantiverbdenganverb-ing; sementara yang
menggunakanverb to bedireduksidenganmenghilangkansubjectberikut to
benamunmempertahankansubject complement (noun/adjective) setelahto betersebut.
Conjunctionpadareduced adverbial clause of oppositiondipertahankan.

Rumus ContohKalimat

although / though / while + S + V (selain be) She didn’t get the job though she has 5 years of
reduced: experience.
although / though / while + V-ing reduced:
She didn’t get the job though having 5 years of
experience.
although / though / while + S + V (be) + subject Although they are cheap, the smartphones have
complement (noun/adjective) good performance.
reduced:
although / though / while + subject complement reduced:

24
 Although cheap, the smartphones have good
perfomance.

Reduced adverb clauses – Part I

An adverb clause can be shortened to an adverb phrase. This can be particularly helpful when you want
to express your ideas in a more concise manner. Before you reduce an adverb clause into an adverbial
phrase, make sure that the adverb clause (subordinate clause) and the main clause have the same
subject.

Study the examples given below.

(1) I slept for ten hours. I felt marvelous.
The two sentences given above express a cause and effect relationship and hence can be combined
into one using the conjunction as / since.
 As I had slept for ten hours, I felt marvelous.
Both clauses have the same subject and hence we can reduce the adverb clause into a phrase.
 Having slept for ten hours, I felt marvelous.

(2) He worked hard. He passed the test.

 Because he worked hard, he passed the test.
This can be reduced to:
 Having worked hard, he passed the test.
There are many different kinds of adverb clauses and it is not possible to reduce all of them. Generally
speaking, the adverb clauses of time, cause and contrast can be reduced.

Reduced Adverb Clauses of Time

(1) After he did military service, he became a monk.
The sentence given above can be reduced to:
 After doing military service, he became a monk.
(2) He wrote his first book after he recovered from a major illness.
This can be reduced to:
 He wrote his first book after recovering from a major illness.
(3) He feeds the cats before he goes to work.
Can be reduced to
 He feeds the cats before going to work.

Reduced Adverb Clauses of Cause

(1) Because she was late, she didn’t get tickets for the show.
This can be reduced to:
 Being late, she didn’t get tickets for the show.
(2) Because I worked fast, I finished early.
This can be reduced to:
 Having worked fast, I finished early.
(3) Because I was feeling a bit tired, I didn’t go to work.
This can be reduced to:
 Feeling a bit tired, I didn’t go to work.

Formative Test
Choose the best answer!

Text 1

I was in a hospital last week. According to the doctor, I was infected by dengue fever.
At first, I felt my body became weak then I fainted when I was studying in the classroom. Then I was
taken to the hospital because of the high fever. At the hospital, I was brought into the emergency unit.
The doctor immediately gave me some treatment. Finally I had to stay in the hospital for a week.
Everyday the doctor kept me on a drip.

25
 In the sixth day my condition was getting better. The next day after the final check, the doctor gave
permission to go home.

1.    Why was the writer in a hospital last week?

        a    his body was weak and fainted        d.    he wanted to check up his health
        b.    he was eager to stay in the hospital        e.    he got a dengue fever
        c.    he got a very high fever
2.    What happened when the writer arrived at the hospital?
        a.    The doctor asked him to take a rest        d.    The doctor took him to ICU
        b.    The nurse gave him some medicine        e.    The doctor surged him at once
        c.    The doctor asked him to have an exercise
3.    How long did he stay at the hospital?
       a.    four days       b.    five days       c.    six days       d.    seven days       e.    eight days
4.    The events of the story are in paragraph?
       a.    1 and 4       b.    1, 2, and 3       c.    2,3, and 4       d.    all paragraphs       e.    1,3, and 4
5.    Where did the setting take place?
       a.    at school   b.    in the classroom    c. in the emergency unit   d.    in a hospital       e. at home

Text 2

In England in July 1907, a man named Boden Powell gathered 20 youngsters from different background for a camp.
The participants learned the skill of living outdoors and shared their experiences. They were very enthusiastic and
the camp was a success. 

Baden Powell returned home and wrote a book called ‘scouting for boys’. It was an immediate a best seller. A year
later there were 50.000 scouts in England.

In 1909 the scout movement went international after the visit to Chile by Boden Powell. Eleven years later the First
World Scout Jamboree was held in London. Eight thousand scouts from 34 countries took part.

Today there are about 28 million scouts from 216 different countries. Indonesia has the highest number of scouts-
about 9.5 million.

6.    The text tells us about?

       a.    The autobiography of Baden Powell
       b.    The  alternative troops of war
       c.    The history of the scout movement
       d.    A best seller book of ‘scouting for boys
       e.    The number of scouts in the world

7.    What is the purpose of the text above?

       a.    To retell the past events
       b.    To describe someone special
       c.    To explain how to camp
       d.    To persuade of becoming a scout
       e.    To entertain the reader

8.    Why did the participants gather?

       a.    They had a camp to enjoy the scenery
       b.    They learned the living things in the forest
       c.    They learned the skill of living outdoors
       d.    They made some experiences of nature
       e.    They learned to live in a simple way

9.    Where was the scouting from?

       a.    England d.    Greece
       b.    Europe e.    Every country
       c.    Chile

10.    When was the first jamboree held in London?

       a.    1907 d.    1919
       b.    1908 e.    1920

26
       c.    1909

My friend, hadi (5)…..fat when he was a child.  Her mother (6) …..him good food Everytime. His father (7)……
him a pet. It was a rabbit. His sister (8)…..a pet too.It ‘s a lizard. But both of those animal (9)…..two weeks ago.
They  (10)……sad. Their father promised to get the other pets.

11. a. is d. gets
       b. was e. becomes
       c. is getting

12. a. asked d. showed

       b. sold e. left
       c. gave

13. a. sent d. threw

       b. bought e. sold
       c. rent     

14. a. has d. is had

       b. have e. will have
       c. had    

15. a. die d. was died

       b. is die e. is dead
       c. died

16. a. are d. is getting

       b. were e. was getting
       c. are getting
      
17. While ___ work, I saw an old friend of mine.

a. I walking home from c. walked home from

e. walking home
b. walking home from d. walking home work

18. Before ___, I brushed my teeth.

a. left my house c. leaving my house

e. my house
b. I leaving my house d. my house leaving

19. I feel asleep ___ TV.

a. while I watch c. while watched
e. when watching
b. while watching d. during I was watching

20. While ___ about adverb clauses, a mild earthquake shook the classroom.
a. the teacher lecturing c. lecturing
e. lecture
b. the teacher was lecturing d. lectured

21 . ___, a dog chased us down the street

a. While running. c. We were running while e. While
running we are
b. While we were running d. While running we were

27
28
 The
Legends

Narrative Text
 Purpose/Function:
To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways.
Narrative deals with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in
turn finds a resolution.
 Kinds of Narrative Texts:
- fairy stories - romance
- mysteries - horror
- science fictions
 Generic Structure:
1. Orientation  sets the scene and introduces the participants (characters).
2. Complication  a crisis arises.
3. Resolution  the crisis is resolved, for better or worse.
4. Re-orientation  closure of the story.
 Generic Features:
1. A narrative focuses on specific participants.
2. There are many action verbs, verbal and mental processes (think, feel, realize, etc)
3. Use of Past tense (Simple past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect).
4. Use of Direct and Indirect Speech.
5. Use of temporal conjunctions :
Then, after that, afterwards, finally, lastly, before, after, when, while, until, during, etc.

Activity 1

1. What do you see in the picture?

2. Have you ever read or heard the story?
3. Who told you the story? Or where did you read/heard the story for the first time?
4. What did you feel after reading or listening the story?
5. What kind of story is that? Mention other stories of the same kind that you have known!

Activity 2

29
Mach the words in A with their definitions in B. Then give examples !
No Kinds Of Story Answer Definition Examples
1. Legend .................... a. A story for children involving ................
magical events and
imaginary creatures
2. Myth .................... b. An old story that may be ................
bassed on real events.
Usually it is about the origin
of something
3. Fable .................... c. A story which has been ................
made up in the past to
explain natural events or to
justify religious beliefs
4. Folklore .................... d. A traditional story which ................
teaches a moral lesson.
Usually it uses animals as
the main characters
5. Fairytale .................... e. A very old traditional story ................
from a particular place that
was originally passed on to
people in a spoken form

Activity 3
I. Complete the blanks with the words in the box!
KYAI JEGOD
.... (1) There waswho ruled Mataram Kingdom. His name is Amangkurat IV - He was the grandfather
of Sultan. He often meditated in a nearby forest, called Garjitawati.
One day, when a gardener was gathering grass for his cattle in the forest, he.... (2) for some water
because it was so hot. He found a small pond and when he was going to drink some water from it,
dragon came out of the underwater, but it was so friendly to him. The dragon said that if SuItan wanted to
build his palace, it was ... (3) to be located in that forest Then it ... (4).
Then Sultan .... (5) to build the palace in that forest He demanded strong and old woods and the forest
where those woods..... (6) was said to be home of genies and spirits. His lumberjacks could not find
anything to eat and the only thing they could have were some rice and water for three days, or
sometimes they could not have anything.
Then Sultan ... (7) that the main pole in the palace's hall had to be built from special wood, which Would
give strong impression One night, a servant who was sleeping in the forest ... (8) loud and i deep voice.
The voice introduced itself as KyaiJegod- The servant saw that KyaiJegod was an old, tall, and massive
tree. He .... (9) that he would voluntarily let himself be cut td make the main pole so that he could stay
inside it forever.
The servant told it to Sultan and Sultan let KyaiJegod stay inside it forever, while ,KyaiJegod became
the ....(10) of thatpalace since then.

a. tied c. looked e. supposed g. heard i. once upon a time

b. ordered d. said f. protector h. started j. disappeared

II. Answer the questions below!

1. Who is Sultan?
Answer:................................................................................................................
2. What happened to the garden in the forest?
Answer:................................................................................................................
3. What kinds of wood that Sultan wanted to build his palace with?
Answer:.......................................................................................................
4. What did KyaiJegod say to the Servant?
Answer:................................................................................................................
Activity 4
Read the text then answer the following questions!
TelagaWarna

30
 The king of a famous kingdom in Cipanas, West Java, was a very wise king. He has a
beautifuldaughter. The king and the queen loved their daughter so much. But all their love was not
enough for the princess. Even though they gave her everything, she was not happy. All the jewelries
that she had were not enough for her. She was not satisfied with her gorgeous looked either.
The princess then had an idea. She planned to put all the jewelries that they had in every single
hair inher head. She wanted to be the most beautiful girl in the world. So, the princess went to see her
mother and father and told them about her plan. She was very sure they would not say no. The king
was surprised to hear about his daughter's plan. He tried to convince her that her plan was not proper.
'My Daughter, the beauty of a princess is not measured by her clothes or by thejewelry she is wearing, but
by her attitude. It's not that we don't love you, but what will people think if you go through with your
plan? said the king. The princess was shocked to hear that. So, she ran to her room to get her jewelry
box. Then she returned to her parents. She screamed: 'You are so miserly. Here, I am returning: The
every single jewelry you ever gave me.' She thrown her jewelry box to her father. The wise king was
outraged seeing his daughter did. "You are ungrateful daughter”. Suddenly, the floor of the palace
erupts and water poured out from the crack.
In a matter of second, the palace was flooded, drowned the ungrateful princess and her jewelry.
The palace then replaced by a lake. The lake always reflects multiple colors to its surrounding. Some say
the colors come from the princess jewelry. The lake is known as TelagaWarna that means colourful lake.

Questions:
1. Who are the main participants in the story?
Answer:........................................................................................................................
2. What are the characters of the main participants?
Answer:............................................................................................................
3. What was the princess idea?
Answer:........................................................................................................................
4. What did the king try to do about his daught- ,rs idea?
Answer:.............................................................................................................
5. What happened after the princess throws her jewelry box to her father?
Answer:.......................................................................................................

Activity 5
Now, read the story of Timun Mas below. Complete the table on the left analyze the generic
structure.
TIMUN MAS
A long time ago, there was a farmer and his wife. They lived
happily in a village near a forest. Unfortunately, They did not have
any children. Everyday they prayed to god for a child.
(...............................) One day a giant passed their home. He heard their prayers and
he gave them cucumber seed.
“Plant this seed, and you’ll have a daughter. But on her 17 th
birthday, you must give her to me”, Said the giant.
Months later, a golden cucumber grew from the seed and
became bigger. When it was ripe, they cut the cucumber, and they
(...............................)
found a beautiful baby inside ! They were so happy. They named the
baby Timun Mas (Golden Cucumber)
(...............................) Timun Mas grew into a beautiful girl. They lived happily. On
her 17th birthday, the giant returned. He wanted to take Timun Mas
a way.
The farmer went into the house. He gave a little bag to Timun
Mas. “This will help you fight off the giant. Now, run as fast as you

31
 can”.
The giant chased Timun Mas steadily closing on her. Timun
Mas took a handful of salt from her little bag and spread it behind
her. Suddenly a made sea appeared between the giant and her. The
giant had to swim to reach her.
After while the giant started getting closer again. Timun Mas
took some chillies and threw to the giant. The chillies grew into trees
and surrounded the giant. The trees grew thorns as sharp as a knife.
The giant screamed in pain. Timun Mas was able to escape again.
But the giant could freed himself and chased Timun Mas again.
Timun Mas threw cucumber seeds. Suddenly there was a large
(...............................)
cucumber filed. The tired and hungry giant ate the fresh cucumbers.
Soon, he became very sleepy and felt asleep.
Timun Mas was very tired and could not run fast anymore. The
giant woke up and chased her again. Despreately she threw her last
magic item terasi (shrimp paste). The shrimp paste became a big
swamp. The giant fell into the swamp and drowned.
Timun Mas was finally safe. She returned her parent’s house.
Her parents thanked god for saving their daughter.
(...............................) “Thank you God. You have saved my daughter”. They cried
happily. From then an, Timun Mas lived happily with her parents.
They never had to fear the giant again.

Activity 6
Answer the questions below after you read the text once again !
1. Why did the couple pray to the God everyday ?
Answer : ......................................................................................................
2. What did the giant give and ask the couple when hearing their prayers ?
Answer : ......................................................................................................
3. Did the couple release Timun Mas to the giant ?
Answer : ......................................................................................................
4. Mention the three things in the little bag !
Answer : ......................................................................................................
5. What happened when the giant got closer to TimunMas ?
Answer : ......................................................................................................
6. What happened when Timun Mas threw the chillies ?
Answer : ......................................................................................................
7. What did the cucumber seeds turn into ?
Answer : ......................................................................................................
8. How is the ending of the story ?Explain !
Answer : ......................................................................................................

Activity 7
Arrange the following jumbled text to make a good story.
After several years the region flourished in prosperity, but
RoroAntengdanJokoSeger were unhappy because they did not have a child.
Frustrated, they climbed the top of the mountain and prayed night and day hoping
(.......................)
that the gods would listen. The prayer was heard and BetoroBromo promised
them many children. However, the couple had to promise that they would sacrifice
their youngest child in return.
(.......................) RoroAnteng gave birth to a child, then another, and another in the end
RoroAnteng and JokoSeger got 25 children. Soon it was time for them to sacrifice

32
 the youngest child, Kesuma, but the parents just couldn’t do it they tried to hide
the child, but an eruption happened and Kesumafeil into the crater. There was
silence before they heard a voice : “I have to be sacrified so that you will all stay
alive. From now on, you should arrange an annual offering ceremony on the 14
thKesodo (the twelfth month of tenggerese calendar)”, it was Kesuma’s voice.
Kesuma’s brothers and sister held the offering ceremony every year.
Instead of a human being, these people collected fruit, vegetables, rice, and meat
(.......................)
to be offered to the gods. And this has been done generation after generation
until today.
Hundreds of years ago, during the reign of the last King of Majapahit,
Brawijaya, one of the King’s wives gave birth to a girl, who was named
RoroAnteng. Later this young princess married JokoSeger, who came from a
(.......................) Brahman Caste. Because of an unfortunate situation the couple was forced to
leave the Kingdom. They settled down in the mountain area. They ruled the are
and named it “Tengger”, which was derived from the couples “names”
RoroAnteng and JokoSeger.

Activity 8
Read the text carefully. Complete the following sentences.
1. The orientation of the story is in paragraph ..........
2. Paragraph (s) .......... show (s) the complication of the story
3. The resolution is in paragraph ..........
4. The specific participant (s) of the story is / are ..........
5. Some verbs in the past tense are ..........
6. Some temporal conjunctions are ..........
7. Verbs of material or action process are ..........

Activity 9
Retell the story of RoroAnteng and JokoSeger above by using you own words.

GRAMMAR SHOT-1
Past PERFECT
Situation: The PAST PERFECT is used when the speaker is talking about
Jack left his apartment at 2:00. Ann two different eventsf at two different times in the past; one event
arrived at Jack’s apartment at 2:15 and ends before the second event happens.
knocked on the door. In (a): There are two events, and both happened in the past.
(a) When Ann arrived, Jack wasn’t there. 1 Jack left his apartment at 2:00
He had left. 2 Ann arrived at his apartment at 2:15
(b) Jack had left his apartment when Ann
To show the time relationship between the two events, we use the
arrived.
past perfect (had left) to say that the first event (Jack leaving his
apartment) was completed before the second event (Ann arriving
at his apartment) occurred.

33
 (a) My parents had already eaten by the time I got The past perfect expresses an activity that was
home. completed before another activity or time in the
(b) Until yesterday, I had never heard about it. past.
(c) The thief simply walked in. Someone had
forgotten to lock the door.
(d) Sam had already left when we got there. In (d): 1st : Sam left.
(e) Sam had leftbefore we got there. 2nd : We got there.
(f) Sam leftbefore we got there.
If either before or after is used in the sentence, the
past perfect is often not necessary because the time
(g) After the guests had left, I went to bed. relationship is already clear. The simple past may be
(h) After the guests left, I went to bed. used, as in (f) and (h).
Note: (e) and (f) have the same meaning; (g) and (h)
have the same meaning.

If there are 2 activities in past time happened in sequence, so the first activity using Past Perfect, and
the second one using Simple Past.
Mark had waited for Jane for more than an hour when she finally came.
1st: Mark waited
2nd: Jane came
Thank God, I had answered all questions when the bell rang.
1st: I answered all questions
2nd: The bell rang
We didn’t prepare the party well. Before the meals wereready, all guests had come.
1st: All guests came

EXERCISE 1
Identify which action took place first in the past and which action took place the second.
1. The tennis player jumped in the air for joy. She had won the match.
1st : ____________________________________________________
2 :
nd
____________________________________________________
2. Before I went to bed, I had checked the front door.
1st : ____________________________________________________
2nd: ____________________________________________________

EXERCISE 2
Use the SIMPLE PAST or the PAST PERFECT.
1. He (be) _________________ a newspaper reporter before he (become) ______________ a
businessman.
2. I (feel) _________________ a little better after I (take) _________________ the medicine.
3. I was late. The teacher (give, already) _________________ a quiz when I (get)
_________________ to class.
4. Class (begin) _________________ by the time I (get) _________________ there, so I quietly
took a seat in the back.
5. I (never, see) _________________ any of Picasso’s paintings before I (visit)
_________________ the art museum last year.

Activity 10
Complete this story by filling the appropriate words in the box!

after that because first meanwhile so

finally

BEAUTY AND THE BEAST

34
 (1) …………………, there was a prince. He lived in a castle in France. One day a woman came
to his castle. She was old and ugly. The prince didn’t like her and sent her away.
(2) …………..the prince sent the woman away, she turned into a beautiful fairy. She cursed the
prince and his castle. The prince became a beast. He was very ugly now. All his servants became
furniture. The prince could be a human again if a woman fell in love with him.
(3) ………….., on the other side a mountain, there lived a girl. Her name was Belle. She lived with
her father, Maurice. One day, Maurice traveled past the castle. It was raining (4) ………….. he came into
the castle. (5) ………….. the Beast saw him he captured him.
Belle was so worried (6) ………….. her father didn’t come back. She began to look for him. She
arrived in the castle and she found her father there. Belle agreed to stay in the castle so that her father
could go home.
(7) …………..., Belle didn’t like the Beast because he was mean. (8) ………….., slowly he
changed. He was not mean anymore. Belle began to like him and (9) ………….. she fell in love with him.
She told her love to the Beast. (10) ………….. the spell was broken. The Beast and his servants became
human again. The Beast and Belle got married. They lived happily ever after.
(Taken from EOS-Erlangga)

Rearrange these sentences based on the story started by the italic word!
1. characters – main – story – The – are – and – Beast – of – Belle – the
2. Prince – cursed – was – a – fairy – by – beautiful
3. father – Belle’s – Maurice – was
4. Maurice – into – came – castle – his
5. mean – Beast – did – not – Belle – like – he – because – was
6. in – fell - Finally – Belle – love – Beast – with
7. Spell – broken – was – true – because of – love
8. married – They – got – lived – forever – and – happily

35
Activity 11
Read the following texts and decide the best answer to each question!

Text 1

Once upon a time, there was a fisherman named Batara Guru Sahala who lived in
Batakand One day, he caught a fish that could talk. The fish beggedSahala to set it free and
he did accordingly.
I As soon as the fish was free, it changed into a woman. She was so beautiful that
Sahala fell in love with her at once. He asked her to marry him. The woman agreed to marry
Sahala, but in one condition he had to keep the secret that she was once a fish. Sahala
promised her that he would not tell anyone about it.
They were happily married and had two daughters. Every morning Sahala went out
Fishing. His daughters would bring him his lunch. One day, however, instead of bringing the
food to their father, the two girls ate it.
When Sahala knew what they had done with the meal, he got very angry, He shouted
at them saying, 'You behaved exactly like the daughters of a fish.” The girls did not
understand what their father meant.
They went home and asked their mother about it. Their mother was very annoyed.
Although Sahalaapologized to her later, she would not forgive him for breaking his promise.
From that moment on, Sahala took a lesson that he should not have broken his own promise.
Sahala was so grief strier that he decided to wander for the rest of his life.

1 . What is the purpose of the text ?

a. to persuade the readers d. to retell the event happened in Sahala’s
b. to entertain the readers life
c. to describe Sahala’s life e. to explain how to break a promise

2. Why couldn’t Sahala keep his promise? Because

a. was very angry d. did not like daughters
b. was very hungry e. did not get meal
c. did not love his wife
3. What moral lesson can we take from the story ?
a. A husban should be loyal to his wife.
b. children should pay respect to their
parents
c. a man should take care of his family
well
d. a man should keep his promise well
e. a woman is sometimes too emotional

36
4.“ Once upon a time, there was a fisherman named Batara Guru Sahala who lived in Batak land. One
day, he caught a fish that could talk.”
a. Orientation b.complication c.description d.re-orientation e.resolution

Text 2
Long, long ago, when the gods and goddesses used to mingle in the affairs of mortals, there was a
small kingdom on the slope of Mount Wayang in West Java. The King, named Sang Prabu, was a wise
man. He had an only daughter, called Princess TejaNirmala, who was famous for her beauty but she
was not married. One day Sang Prabu made up his mind to settle the matter by a show of strength.
After that, Prince of Blambangan, named Raden Begawan had won the competition.
Unfortunately, the wicked fairy, Princess Segara fell in love with Raden Begawan and used magic
power to render him unconscious and he forgot his wedding. When Sang Prabu was searching, Raden
Begawan saw him and soon realized that he had been enchanted by the wicked fairy. The fairy could
not accept this, so she killed Raden Begawan. When Princess TejaNirmala heard this, she was very
sad. So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan.

23. Which one of the following statements is false about Sang Prabu?
a. Sang Prabu was a father of his only daughter
b. Sang Prabu was a king of a kingdom in West Java
c. Sang Prabu was taken to Kahyangan by a wicked fairy
d. Sang Prabu was a wise man
e. SangPrabu didn’t have a son

24. Why the wicked fairy did used her magic to make Raden Begawan unconscious?
A. She didn’t like Raden Begawan
B. She didn’t want RadenPrabu marry the princess
C. She wanted TejaNirmala to forget about her wedding
D. She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan marry the princess
E. She didn’t want the prince of Blambangan feel love with her

25. What do you think will happen if gods or goddesses cannot mingle in the affairs of people in the
earth at that time?
A. Princess Segara will have married with Raden Begawan
B. Sang Prabu will not hold strength competition
C. Raden Begawan will not die
D. TejaNirmala will stay in the Kahyangan
E. Wicked Fairy will not take Raden Begawan’s life

26. So a nice fairy took her to the Kahyangan. (Paragraph 2) The word her in the sentence refers to…
A. The wicked fairy
B. The nice fairy
C. Princess Nirmala
D. Prince Teja
E. The prince of Blambangan

27. The similarity between fairy and human according to the text.

MATERI PENDAMPING KEGIATAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK/BAHASA INGGRIS/X/K13/SEM.GENAP

 A. The place they live
B. The jealousy that they posses
C. The way they don’t feel a love
D. The strength they have
E. Their life that is immortal

Text 3
The Good Stepmother
         The old witch locked Hansel in a cage and set Gretel to clean the house. She planned to eat
them both. Each night the children cried and begged the witch to let them go.
Meanwhile, at home, their stepmother was beginning to wish she had never tried to get rid of the
children. “I must find them,” she said and set off into the forest.
         Many hours later, when her feet were tired from walking and her lips were dry from thirst, she
came to the cottage belonging to the witch. The stepmother peeped though the window. Her heart
cried out when she saw the two children.
        She picked up the broom leaning against the door and crept inside. The witch was putting some
stew in the oven when the stepmother gave her an almighty push. The witch fell into the oven and the
stepmother shut the door.
        ‘Children, I have come to save you,’ she said hugging them tightly. I have done a dreadful thing.
 I hope in time you will forgive me. Let me take you home and become a family again. They
returned to their home and the stepmother became the best mother anyone could wish to have, and of
course they lived happily ever after!

13. The story is about a stepmother who ……

a.    cried every night
b.   planned to eat her children
c.    begged a witch for money
d.   tried to run away from a witch
e.   saved her children from a witch
14. Which statement is TRUE about the step mother?
a.    She was the witch’s friend.
b.   She loved her stepchildren.
c.    She hit the witch with a broom.
d.   She locked her children in a cage.
e.   She visited the witch to see her children.
15. “The witch fell into the oven and the stepmother shut the door.” (Paragraph 4)
The underlined word can be replaced by the word …………..
a.    Closed     b. opened    c. painted d. Marked  e..polished
16.   How did the witch die?
a.       She was burn in the oven.
b.      She was trapped in a cage.
c.       She was hit with a broom.
d.      She was locked in her house.
e.      She was pushed against the wall.

Text 4
Once upon a time, there was a king who ruled in Teberu Lombok, who had a beautiful
daughter called PuteriMandalika. Because of her beauty, princes and kings from other kingdom
around Teberu wished that she would be their wife. Six of them came to Teberu and ask for her hand
of marriage. They were Prince Bumbang, Prince Aryo Johor, Prince SingaTrasak, Prince DariaLoka,
Prince GunungPiring and Prince Bungsu. Each prince wanted to win the hearth of PuteriMandalika.

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 Her father, the king of Teberu, was very confused and did not know what to do. If he chose
one prince instead of another then it would create jealousy and there could be war against his
kingdom. All the princes were handsome and powerful and so the king allowed his daughter to make
her own choice. But PuteriMandalika was confused too and she also knew the dangerous risk that her
kingdom and people would get, if she chose either one of the princes.
After several days of serious thinking, PuteriMandalika met her parents and asked her
permission to announce her decision in front of all the princes and the people of Teberu the next day
in the beach. Early next morning, everybody gathered on the beach. There was a gentle breeze with
small waves breaking softly across the shore. Everybody was looking at PuteriMandalika, waiting for
her announcement.
Meanwhile, the six princes prayed in their heart that he would be the chosen one. Then in a
loud and clear voice, PuteriMandalika Said, ”Oh my beloved mother and father, all the princes and
especially the people of Teberu Kingdom. Today I would like to announce that I will not give myself to
any one of the princes, but rather to all people of Teberu and my own kingdom.” Then PuteriMandalika
threw herself into the sea from the top of a hill and disappeared. Everybody desperately search for her
but she could not be found and people believed she was transformed into flowing sea worms called
“nyale”. .

17. The second paragraph is called ……

a. orientation
b. complication
c. resolution
d. identification
e. conclusion
18. Why was it hard for the princess to choose one of the princes?
a. She loved all the princes.
b. All the princes were handsome.
c. All the princes were powerful.
d. She was afraid of the dangerous risk.
e. Her father permitted her to marry.

19. “Six of them came to Teberu and ask for her hand of marriage.” (Paragraph 1)
The underlined phrase can be replaced by …..
a. intend
b. admit
c. promise
d. accompany
e. propose

20. From the text we may conclude that ………

a. PutriMandalika sacrificed herself to the sea for the sake of her people.
b. PutriMandalika was a selfish princess.
c. One of the princes won the heart of PutriMandalika.
d. The war happened against the kingdom due to the princess’ decision.
e. The people of Teberu kingdom hated the princess.

Text 5
MOMOTARO
Once upon a time, there lived in Japan a peasant and his wife. They were sad couple because they had no
children. They kept praying to their god pleading to give them a child.
While cutting wood floating by a stream one day, they saw a large peach floating on the water. He ran to
pick it up. His wife was excited because she had never seen such a large peach before. They were about to cut
the peach when they heard a voice inside.

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 The couple was surprised to do anything. The peach then cracked open and there was a beautiful baby
inside. The couple was very happy. Of course they named the baby Momotaro, which meant peach boy.
Momotaro grew up to be clever and courage young man. His parents loved him very much. One day,
momotaro told his parents that he was going to fight the pirates who always attacked their village. These pirates
lived on an island a few kilometers away. Momotaro’s mother packed his food and his father gave him sword.
After blessing Momotaro, they sent him off on his journey.
Sailing on his boat, Momotaro met an eagle going in the same direction. They became good friend soon.
Both of them arrived on an island of the pirates.
Momotaro drew out the sacred sword his father had given him and began to fight he pirates. The eagle
flew over the thieves heads, pecking at their eyes. Finally the pirates were defeated.
Momotaro brought home all the goods that pirates had stolen. His parents were proud of him and they
were overjoyed at his victory and save return.

36. The generic structure of the text above is......

a. Identification – description
b. Orientation – events – reorientation
c. Orientation – complication – resolution
d. Thesis – argument – reiteration
e. Abstract – orientation – crisis – incident – coda

37. The main character of the story is....

a. The lucky peasant
b. The blessed child
c. The defeated pirates
d. The pleasant wife
e. Momotaro, the peach boy

38 “After blessing Momotaro, they sent him off on his journey”(paragraph 4)

From the sentence we know that Momotaro’s parents.....him to fight the pirates
a. Joined
b. Refused
c. For bace
d. Allowed
e. Declined

39. When the pirates and his wife saw a beautiful baby boy inside the large peach, they ....and named him
Momotaro
a. Felt annoyed
b. Were anxious
c. Seemed afraid
d. Were very glad
e. Looked surprised

40. The message that we can learn from the story is.......
a. We should do our best
b. Momotaro is a brave man
c. There is no gain without pain
d. Happiness will find you if you try
e. The peasant and his wife are good persons

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 GRAMMAR SHOT-
2 DIRECT/QUOTED
and INDIRECT/REPORTED SPEECH

Direct speech : Restate one’s utterance using his/her exact words.

Examples : - Jane said, “I’m so happy.”
- A doctor said to a nurse, ”I need a vacation.”
Indirect speech : Restate one’s utterance using our own words.
Examples : - Jane said (that) she was so happy.
- A doctor said to a nurse (that) he needed a vacation.

DIRECT/QUOTED SPEECH

Quoted speech refers to reproducing words exactly as they were originally spoken. Quotation marks (". . .")
are used.**
QUOTING ONE SENTENCE In (a) : Use a comma after she said. Capitalize the first
(a) She said, "My brother is a student." word of the quoted sentence. Put the final
quotation marks outside of the period at the end of
the sentence.
(b) "My brother is a student," she said. In (b) : Use a comma, not a period, at the end of the quoted
sentence when it precedes she said.

QUOTING A QUESTION OR AN
EXCLAMATION
(c) She asked, "When will you be here?"
(d) "When will you be here?" she asked.
(e) She said, "Watch out!"
In (c) : The question mark is inside the quotation marks.
In (d) : If a question mark is used, no comma is used before
she asked.
In (e) : The exclamation point is inside the quotation
marks.

* Quoted speech is also called direct speech. Reported speech is also called indirect speech.
** In British English, quotation marks are called inverted commas.

REPORTED SPEECH AND SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Reported speech refers to using a noun clause to report what someone has said. No quotation marks are used.
Notice the changes in the verb forms from quoted speech to reported speech in the following examples.
QUOTED SPEECH
(a) She said, "I watch TV every day."
(b) She said, "I am watching TV."
(c) She said, "I have watched TV.''
(d) She said, "I watched TV yesterday"
(e) She said, "I will watch TV."
(f) She said, "I am going to watch TV."
(g) She said, "I can watch TV."
(h) She said, "I may watch TV."
(i) She said, "I might watch TV."
(j ) She said, "I must watch TV."
(k) She said,' 'I have to watch TV.''
(1) She said, "I should watch TV."
(m)She said, "I ought to watch TV."
(n) She says, “I know the answer”
(o) She says, “I will go to Jakarta”
(p) She said, "Watch TV."
(q) She ordered, “ Don’t play indoors!”
REPORTED SPEECH
- She said (that) she watched TV every day.
- She said she was watching TV.
- She said she had watched TV.
- She said she had watched TV the day before.
- She said she would watch TV.
- She said she was going to watch TV.
- She said she could watch TV.
- She said she might watch TV.
- She said she might watch TV.
- She said she had to watch TV.
- She said she had to watch TV.
- She said she should watch TV.
- She said she ought to watch TV.
- She says she knows the answer.
- She says she will go to Jakarta
- She told me to watch TV.*
- She ordered the children not to play indoors.

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 (r) She asked John, “Have you finished?” - She asked John whether he had finished.
(s) She said, "Do you watch TV?" - She asked (me) if I watched TV.
(t) She asked me, “What are you doing?” - She asked me what I was doing.
GENERAL GUIDELINES ON TENSES
(1) If the reporting verb (the main verb of the sentence, e.g., said) is in the past, the verb in the noun clause
will usually also be in a past form.
(2) This formal sequence of tenses in noun clauses is used in both speaking and writing. However,
sometimes in spoken English, no change is made in the noun clause verb, especially if the speaker is
reporting something immediately or soon after it was said. Immediate reporting:
A : What did the teacher just say? I didn't hear him.
B : He said he wanted us to read Chapter Six.
Later reporting : A : I didn't go to class yesterday. Did Mr. Jones make any assignments?
B : Yes. He said he wanted us to read Chapter Six.
(3) Also, sometimes the present tense is retained even in formal English when the reported sentence deals
with a general truth: She said that the world is round.
(4) When the reporting verb is simple present, present perfect, or future, the noun clause verb is not
changed.
She says, "I watch TV every day." - She says she watches TV every day.
She has said, "I watch TV every day." - She has said that she watches TV every day.
She will say, "I watch TV every day." - She will say that she watches TV every day.

* In reported speech, an imperative sentence is changed to an infinitive. Tell is used instead of say as the
reporting verb. (Also note that tell is immediately followed by a (pro)noun object, but say is not:
He told me he would be late. He said he would be late.
Also possible: He said to me he would be late.

A. Complete using indirect! No 1 and 2 are done for you.

1. Bob said, "I will help you."
Bob said ___(that) he would help me____
2. "Do you need a pen?" Annie asked.
Annie asked me ___if I needed a pen____
3. Jennifer asked, "What do you want?"
Jennifer asked me ________________________
4. Sid asks, "Are you hungry?"
Sid wants to know ________________
5. "I want a sandwich," Jennifer said.
Jennifer said ________________
6. "I'm going to move to Ohio," said Bruce.
Bruce informed me ________________
7. "Did you enjoy your trip?" asked Connie.
Connie asked me ________________
8. Dick asked, "What are you talking about?"
Dick asked me ________________
9. Nancy asked, "Have you seen my grammar book?"
Nancy wanted to know ________________
10. Susan says, "I don't want to go,"
Susan says ________________
11. Sam asked, "Where is Amanda?'
Sam wanted to know ________________
12. "Can you come to my party?" asked David.
David asked me ________________
13. "I may be late," said Mike.
Mike told me ________________
14. Felix said, "You should study harder."
Felix told me ________________
15. Barbara says, "I have to go downtown."
Barbara says ________________
16. “Why is the sky blue?" my young daughter often asks.
My young daughter often asks me ________________
17. My mother asks, "Why are you tired?"
My mother wonders ________________

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 18. "I will come to the meeting," said Juan.
Juan told me ________________
19. Ms. Adams just asked, "Will you be in class tomorrow?'
Ms. Adams wants to know ________________
20. "The sun rises in the east," said Mr. Clark.
Mr. Clark said ________________________

The changing of Adverb of time and place

Direct speech Indirect speech
Now Then
Last ….. The previous …..
Next ….. The following …..
Tomorrow The following day
Today/ tonight That day/ that night
Yesterday The day before/The previous day
Ago Before
This That
These Those
Here There

B. Change these sentences into indirect speech.

1. The girl said, ”I don’t know him.”
2. She said, ”I’m working in Surabaya now.”
3. Ardi said, ”They met me last month.”
4. My father said to me, ”You may not come late.”
5. Sandra said, ”I will go shopping with my mother tonight.”
6. Ann said, ”My sister is a nurse,”
7. Mr. Eric said to Jessica, ”I have received your assignment.”
8. Sam asked me, ”Are you hungry?”
9. Bob said, ”Where do you live?”
10. Mrs. Anna said to me, ”Did you finish your homework yesterday?”

C. Choose the best answer!

1. Sally said to me, “I like your new T-shirt.”
a. Sally said to me that she likes your new T-shirt.
b. Sally said to me that she liked your new T-shirt.
c. Sally said to me that she likes my new T-shirt.
d. Sally said to me that she liked my new T-shirt.
e. Sally said to me that she liked her new T-shirt.

2. Tommy said, ”They have been living here for 3 years.”

a. Tommy said that they have been living there for 3 years.
b. Tommy said that they had been living there for 3 years.
c. Tommy said that they were living there for 3 years.
d. Tommy said that they had lived there for 3 years.
e. Tommy said that they lived there for 3 years.

3. They said,” When will the examination begin?”

a. They asked me when the examination began.
b. They asked me when the examination begins.
c. They asked me when the examination has begun.
d. They asked me when the examination will begin
e. They asked me when the examination would begin.

4. I said,” Do you want to go with me?”

a. I asked her if she wanted to go with me.
b. I asked her did she want to go with me.
c. I asked her does she want to go with me.
d. I asked her would she want to go with me.
e. I asked her if she had wanted to go with me.

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5. He said,” I must get a job quickly.”
a. He said that he must get a job quickly.
b. He said that he must have got a job quickly.
c. He said that he had to get a job quickly.
d. He said that he have to get a job quickly.
e. He said that he got a job quickly.

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he Song

A lot of people are fond of song. It can be used to express and entertain people’s feeling .
There are several song structures in order to make the song sound good and smooth from the
beginning until the end like :
1. Intro
Intro in the beginning of the song . It usually consists of instrumental. The function is to build up
the feeling or suspense for the listeners.
2. Verse
The verse is the part of the song that tells an opening story. It leads listeners to the main message
of the song and it moves the story forward. A song may have a number of verses, depending on
the form, consisting of several lines each known as stanza.
3. Chorus
Chorus is like the most anticipated part of the song. It’s commonly called as the climax of the
song. Chorus is probably the part that sticks to the listener’s mind because it sounds different from
the verse and also repeated so many times. The main theme is expressed in the chorus; the title
of the song is usually included in the chorus too. Chorus is the main highlight of a song.
4. Bridge
According to its actual meaning , bridge is used to connect one part to another. Bridge is usually
shorter than verse. Bridge should offer a reason why the final chorus must be repeated.

A. SONG LYRICS ANALYSIS

Song is a piece of music with words. The words are known as lyrics . To make a good song, the
composer needs not only good melody, but also beautiful and meaningful lyrics. Listeners can be
happy or sad because of the lyrics of the song. Lyrics hold the most important role in finding of a
song.
1. Analyzing the choice of the words
The simplest way to analyze song lyrics is analyze the words that the composer chooses. In a
sad song , for instance , the composer will use sad or broken hearted words that show what
he or she actually feels. Example :

And I can’t stand the pain

And Ican’t make it go away
No I can’t stand the pain

From the word “pain” and also the rest of the lyric clearly show that the composer wants to
show sad or deperateexpression ; the feeling of not being able to bear and to stand the pain
anymore.
2. Analyzing the figurative language
Figurative language is usually used to analyze the deep meaning of the words. The lyrics is a
song sometimes sound strange and you don,t even seem to catch the actual meaning . In this
case , figurative language analysis is needed. Figurative languages consist of :

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 a. Simile
Simile is used to describe a thing by comparing it to another thing. Simile is showed
through the word “as” or “ like “.
Example : brave as lion
b. Hyperbole
It shows exaggerated or extravagant expressions.
Example : Flying to cloud nine
c. Personification
Personification is used to give human characteristics to non-human (inanimate) objects
such as animals, things, or ideas.
d. Metaphor
A metaphor is used to describe a thing or a feeling with a comparison to something else.
Example : You were my sunshine
Sunshine here means the light from the sun . The whole sentence means that the person ‘
you’ is ‘the light’ or ‘ the sunshine’ that brings happiness or warm feeling.
e. Onomatopoeia
It’s a word that sounds exactly just like the thing it describes.
Example : beep (tone) , whoosh (wind)

3. Reading the lyrics while listening

The best way to understand the meaning of a song is by listening to it and reading the lyrics
together. It will give you more impact, because listening to the melody and reading the lyrics at
the same time will help you catch the true feeling of the song.

Exercise 1
Answer the question correctly

Song
Just Wanna Be with You
( high school musical)

I got a lot of things I have to do

All these destructions, our future’s coming soon
We’re being pulled in a hundred different directions.
But whatever happens I know ‘’ve got you

You’re on my mind , you’re in my heart

It doesn’t matter where we are
We’ll be alright, even if we’re miles apart

All I wanna do is be with you, be with you

There’s nothing we can do
I just wanna be with you , only you
No matter where life takes us
Nothing can break us apart
You know it’s true, I just wanna be with you

You know how life can be, it changes over night

It’s sunny then raining, but it’s alright
A friend like you always makes it easy
I know that you get me every time

Through every up, through every down

You know I’ll always be around
Through anything, you can count on me

All I wanna do is be with you, be with you

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 There’s nothing we can do
I just wanna be with you , only you
No matter where life takes us
Nothing can break us apart
You know it’s true , I just wanna be with you

1. What is the song about? …………………………….

2. What is the meaning of the song ? ………………….
3. “Through every up, through every down you know I’ll always be around. Through anything, you
can count on me “
What do the lyrics above mean ?............................
4. Mention all figurative languages that you can find in the song lyrics “ justwanna be with you “ !
……………………………….
5. “ we’re being pulled in a hundred different directions”.
Write the meaning of the lyrics above by identifying the figurative language
……………………………………

Skyscraper

Skies are crying, I am watching

Catching teardrops in my hands
Only silence, as it's ending
Like we never had a chance
Do you have to make me feel like
There's nothing left of me?

You can take everything I have

You can break everything I am
Like I'm made of glass
Like I'm made of paper
Go on and try to tear me down
I will be rising from the ground
Like a skyscraper, like a skyscraper

As the smoke clears, I awaken

And untangle you from me
Would it make you, feel better
To watch me while I bleed?
All my windows still are broken
But I'm standing on my feet

You can take everything I have

You can break everything I am
Like I'm made of glass
Like I'm made of paper
Go on and try to tear me down
I will be rising from the ground
Like a skyscraper, like a skyscraper
Go run, run, run
I'm gonna stay right here,
Watch you disappear
Yeah-oh, go run, run, run
Yeah, it's a long way down
But I am closer to the clouds up here

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 You can take everything I have
You can break everything I am
Like I'm made of glass
Like I'm made of paper, oh-oh
Go on and try to tear me down
I will be rising from the ground

Like a skyscraper, like a skyscraper

(Like a skyscraper)
Like a skyscraper, like a skyscraper

1. What is the song about ?

2. What can be taken from the song ?
3. Mention all figurative languages in the lyric of the song!
4. Find similarity of these words in the lyric of the song
a. Hush = ……
b. Vanish = …….
5. Mention the structures of the song orderly!

Exercise 2
Fill in the missing words with the correct words by listening to the songs then analyze the song
structures of “I’ll be thereandThe climb“.

I'll Be There

You and I must make (1)………

We must bring (2)………. back,
Where there is love, I'll be there. (I'll be there)
I'll (3) ……… my hand to you
I'll have (4) ……..in all you do.
Just call my name and I'll be there. (I'll be there)

I'll be there to (5)………. you,

(6)……..my world of dreams around you,
I'm so glad that I (7)……..you.

I'll be there with a love (8)………

I'll be your (9)……….,
You know I'll keep (10)………..

Let me fill your heart with (11) …….. and laughter,

(12) ………., well it's all I'm after,
Just call my name, and I'll be there. (I'll be there)

I'll be there to protect you, (Yeah baby)

With (13)………..love that respects you.
Just call my name, and I'll be there. (I'll be there)
=================

If you should ever (14)…….. someone new

I know she better be good to you
'Cause if she doesn't
Then I'll be there (I'll be there)

Don't you know baby, yeah I'll be there

I'll be there

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 Just call my name, and I'll be there
Yeah, I'll be there baby
You know I'll be there

Just call my name and I'll be there

Just (15)……. your shoulder!
Just call my name and I'll be there

The Climb
I can almost (1)……. it
That dream I'm dreaming but
There's a (2)……. inside my head saying
You'll never (3) …… it,
Every step I'm (4) …….,
Every move I make feels
Lost with no (5)…………
My faith is shaking but I
Gotta(6)…………..
Gotta keep my head held high
There's always gonna be another (7)………………
I'm always gonnawanna make it (8)……………..
Always gonna be an uphill battle
Sometimes I'm gonna have to (9)……………
Ain't about how (10)…….. I get there
Ain't about what's waiting on the other side
It's the climb
The (11)…………… I'm facing
The chances I'm taking
Sometimes might (12)…………….me down but
No I'm not (13)……….
I may not know it
But these are (14)……………. that
I'm going to remember most yeah
Just got to (15) ………
And I
Igottabe (16)……….
Just (17)…………………, 'cause

====================
Keep on (18)…………
Keep (19)………………
Keep the faith baby
It's all about
It's all about
(20)………………….
Keep the faith baby
Keep your faith

Whoa oh oh

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Exercise 3
Find the figurative language of the following song lyrics.

Lyrics Figurative language

You would not believe your eyes
If ten million fireflies
Lit up the world as I fell asleep

(fireflies by owlcity)
You make me smile like the sun
Fall out of bed, sing like a bird
Dizzy in my head, spin like a record

(smile by uncle kracker)

Beep, beep, beep , beep !
Who got the keys to the jeep/
Vrooooooooooom!

(The rain by Missy Elliot)

You are the thunder,
And I am the lighting

(Naturally by selena Gomez)

Exercise 4
Listen to the song entitled “ What a wonderful world “While listening , fill the lyric in column A with jumble
lyric in column B.

Column A Column B
I see trees of green, red roses too A. I see skies of blue and clouds of white

…………………………. B. Are also on the faces of people going by

And I think to myself what a wonderful world C. They'll learn much more than I'll never know

……………………………. D. I see them bloom for me and you

The bright blessed day, the dark sacred night E. They're really saying I love you
………………………….. F. Yes I think to myself what a wonderful world
The colors of the rainbow so pretty in the sky G. And I think to myself what a wonderful world

………………………
I see friends shaking hands saying how do you do

…………………………..
I hear babies crying, I watch them grow
………………………………….
And I think to myself what a wonderful world

……………….

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Exercise 5
Choose the correct answer A, B , C , D or E

1. One of the best ways to find the meaning of the song is by analyzing …….
A. Notes
B. Instruments
C. Lyrics
D. The length of the song
E. Writer’s background

2. The lyrics in a song are important because ……….

A. The lyrics are like the story for the song itself.
B. Music without lyrics is just merely a music in general .
C. Good music needs good lyrics.
D. The lirics are written just like a poem.
E. People won’t listen to music without lyrics.

3. “ And I lost all signal when I lifted up

Now I’m stuck out here and the world forgot “
The feeling expressed through the lyrics above is……
A. Happiness D. Loneliness
B. Anxiety E. Annoyance
C. Anger

4. “ You treat me like a rose, you give me room to grow “

The figurative language used in the lyrics above is …..
A. Personification D. Onomatopoeia
B. Simile E. Metaphor
C. Hyperbole

5. “ you still make my crazy little heart go boom “

The figurative language used in the lyrics above is………
A. Personification
B. Simile
C. Hyperbole
D. Metaphor
E. Onomatopoeia

6. “ This is real , this is me

I’m exactly where I’m supposed to be now “
The meaning of the lyrics above is …….
A. Being in the wrong place
B. Being ourselves
C. The bitter reality of life
D. Being a fake person
E. The beauty of human

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7. “I will dry your tears
Take away your fears
Let me be your shelter
Your heart is safe in here “
The meaning of the lyric is…..
A. How to overcome sadness
B. How to make someone happy
C. Always be there for the beloved one
D. Tears and fears are parts of human’s life
E. How to reach happiness

8. “There was a loud vroom when turned on the engine”

This is the example of onomatopoeia because it mimicked the sound of …
A. Airplane
B. Car
C. Shotgun
D. Water flow
E. Earthquake

9. Figurative language to describe a thing by comparing it to another is…..

A. Hyperbole
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Simile
E. Onomatopoeia

10. “ I must admit you were not a part of my book

But now if you open it up and take a look
You’re the beginning and the end of every chapter “
The underlined word can be associated with..
A. Story D. life
B. body E. note
C. time

Heart , don’t fail me now

Courage , don’t desert me.
Don’t turn back now that we’re here.
People always say .
People always say .
Life is full of choices.
No one ever mentions fear.
Or how the world can seem so vast .
On a journey to the past.

Somewhere down this road

I know someone ‘s waiting
Years of dreams just can’t be wrong
Arms will open wide
I’ll be safe and wanted
Finally home where I belong
Well , starting now. I’m learning fast
On this journey to the past

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 Home, love, family
There was once a time I must have had them too
Home ,love , family
I will never be complete until I find you

One step at a time

One hope then another
Who knows where this road may go?
Back to who I was
On to find my future
Things my heart still need to know

Yes, let this be a sign

Let this road be mine
Let it lead me to my past
And bring me home,,,, at last
11. What are the lyrics about ?
A. The efforts of finding a true love
B. Finding the mystery of a past
C. The incomplete life without a family
D. The journey to find the last identity
E. People have choice to be made

12. What can we learn from the song

A. Honesty
B. Optimism
C. Justice
D. Love
E. Kindness

13. Or how the world can seem so vast .The underlined word has similar meaning with..
A. Mean
B. Narrow
C. good
D. fast
E. great

14. I will never be complete until I find you . The underlined word refers to the composer’s……..
A. Life journey
B. Past
C. Dream
D. Family
E. Home

15. Let this road be mine

Figurative language found in the lyrics is
A. Simile
B. Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Hyperbole
E. onomatopoeia

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hensio

Listening Comprehension 1

ln this section of the test, you will have the chance to show how well you understand spoken English.
There are four parts to this section, with special directions for each part.

PART I
Directions: For each question, you will see a picture in your test book and you will hear four short
statements. The statements will be spoken just one time. They will not be printed in your test book, so you
must listen carefully to understand what the speaker says.
When you hear the four statements, look at the picture in your test book and choose the statement that
best describes what you see in the picture. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and mark your answer. Look at the sample below.

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Now listen to the four statements.

Sample Answer A B C D

Statement (B), "They're having a meeting, " best describes what you can see in the picture.
Therefore, you should choose answer (B).

1 2

3 4
PART II
Directions: ln this part of the test, you will hear a question spoken in English, followed by three responses,
also spoken in English. The question and the responses will be spoken just one time. They will not be
printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers say. You are to
choose the best response to each question.
Now listen to a sample question.
You will hear: Sample Answer A B C D
You will also hear:
The best response to the question "How are you?" is choice (A), "l am fine, thank you." Therefore, you

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should choose answer (A).

5. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

6. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
7. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

PART III
Directions: ln this part of the test, you will hear four short conversations between two people. The
conversations will not be printed in your test book. You will hear the conversations only once, so you must
listen carefully to understand what the speakers say.
ln your test book, you will read a question about each conversation. The question will be followed by
four answers. You are to choose the best answer to each question and mark it on your answer sheet.

8. What are the speakers discussing?

(A) A teacher.
(B) A textbook.
(C) An assignment.
(D) A movie.

9. What had the man assumed about the woman?

(A) She was Sally Harrison's cousin.
(B) She was Sally Harrison's sister.
(C) She was Sally Harrison's friend.
(D) She was Sally Harrison.

10. What does the man suggest the woman do?

(A) See the doctor.
(B) Get another job.
(C) Go to the counter.
(D) Buy some medicine.

11. Where does the conversation take place?

(A) in a taxi
(B) on a plane
(C) on a bus
(D) in a car
PART IV
Directions: ln this part of the test, you will hear several short talks. Each will be spoken just one time.
They will not be printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully to understand and remember what
is said.
ln your test book, you will read two or more questions about each short talk. The questions will be
followed by four answers. You are to choose the best answer to each question and mark it on your
answer sheet.

12. Who is speaking?

(A) An academic researcher.
(B) A post office employee.
(C) A new employee.
(D) A company manager.

13. What will happen next?

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 (A) The guests will describe their project.
(B) They will begin the meeting.
(C) They will interview the engineers.
(D) They will eat lunch.

14. For whom is the announcement intended?

(A) Bus riders.
(B) Train passengers
(C) Maintenance worker
(D) Airplane passengers

15. Why would a listener call extension 142?

(A) lf he is lost.
(B) lf he needs a newspaper.
(C) lf he forgets something.
(D) lf the recycle bins need emptying.

This is the end of the listening section

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 Listening Comprehension 2

In this section of the test, you will have a chance to show how well you understand spoken English. There
are four parts to this section with special direction for each part.

PART I
Question 1 to 4
Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear some dialogues and questions spoken in English. The dialogues and
questions will be spoken twice. They will not be printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully to
understand what the speakers are saying.
After you listen the dialogue and the questions about it, read the five possible answers and decide which
one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Now listen to a sample question.
You will hear:
Man : I give up! I’ll stop learning French!
Woman : Why do you say that? You are making a lot of progress.
Man : No, I’m not. I’ve tried hard but still I cannot speak it well.
Woman : How come? You can speak Arabic, Hindi, Japanese and even Russian well. Can’t
you?
Narrator : What language is difficult for the man to learn?
A. Hindi
B. Arabic
C. French
D. Russian
E. Japanese
The best answer to this question is “French”. Therefore you should choose answer “C”.

1. A. job vacancy
B. job interview
C. finding a job
D.printing company
E.getting a high salary

2. A. a novel
B. a comic
C. a magazine
D.a science book
E.an English grammar book

3. A. The exam is easy.

B. This time will not fly.
C. The exam is in three weeks time.
D. He knows many things about the exam.
E. He still has three days for the exam preparation.

4. A. She had to go to a doctor.

B. She came to Nisa’s party.
C. She couldn’t make a party.

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 D. She didn’t go to Nisa’s party.
E. She invited the man to a party.

PART II
Question 5 to 7
Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear some incomplete dialogues spoken in English. The dialogues and
responses will be spoken twice. They will not be printed in your testbook, so you must listen carefully to
understand what the speakers are saying. You have to choose the best response to each question.
Now listen to a sample question.
Man : Hi, Cindy. Could you do me a favor?
Woman : What can I do for you?
Man : Would you mind going to the post office to send my letter?
Woman : …..
Narrator :What is the woman possible response?
A. I am all out. Sorry.
B. Sure, by all means.
C. I love to write letters.
D. It’s next to the police station.
The best answer to the question is “Sure, by all means”.
Therefore you should choose answer {B}.

5. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

6. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
7. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

PART III
Question 8 to 11
Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear some dialogues or monologues spoken in English. The dialogues or
monologue will be spoken twice. They will not be printed in your testbook, so you must listen carefully to
understand what the speakers are saying. After you listen to dialogue or monologue, look at the five
pictures provided in your test book, and decide which one would be the most suitable one with the
dialogue or monologue you have heard.

8.

A B

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 C D E

9.

10.

11.

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PART IV
Question 12 to 15
Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear several monologues. Each monologue will be spoken twice. They will
not be printed in your testbook, so you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers are saying.
After you hear the monologue and the question about it, read the five possible answers and decide which
one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Question 12 to 13 are based on the following monologues

12. A. Paris
B. The Louvre
C. Notre Dame
D.The City of Light
E.The crowded city

13. A. Job vacancy

B. Job interview
C. Printing company
D.Getting high salary
E.Finding a job

14. A. Other beasts

B. The water
C. The frogs
D.A horse
E.A lake

15. A. They ate an animal.

B. They lived in a lake. .
C. They saw wild horse.
D.They went somewhere.
E.They jumped into water

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 This is the end of the listening section

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 Listening Comprehension 3

In this section of the test, you will have the chance to show how well you understand spoken English.
There are three parts to this section with special direction for each part.

PART 1. Questions 1 to 6
Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear some dialogues and questions spoken in English. The dialogues or
questions will be spoken two times. They will not be printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully
to understand what the speakers say.
After you hear a dialogue and the question about it, read the five possible answers and decide which one
would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Now listen to a sample question.
You will hear:
Man : Well, I’m very glad to have you with me. By the way, my name’s James Bond. How do
you do?
Woman : How do you do? I’m Barbara.

You will also hear:

Narrator : What do we learn from the dialogue?
You will read in your test book:
Sample answer:
A. The man has never met Barbara before.
B. The man never knows James Bond.
C. Barbara has met the man before.
D. Barbara met James Bond yesterday.
E. Barbara meets James Bond every day.
The best answer to the question is “The man has never met Barbara before.”
Therefore you should answer (A).

1. A. The man doesn’t mind the traffic.

B. The man takes the bus to school.
C. The woman prefers driving in the rush hours.
D. The woman wants to ride to school with the man.
E. The man has to stand on the bus if he takes it to school.

2. A. A mother and a boy

B. A mother and a son
C. A mother and a daughter
D.A mother and a boyfriend
E.A mother and her husband.

3. A. At the office
B. At the counter
C. At the restaurant
D.At the room
E.At home

4. A. Something cold
B. Coffee
C. Tea
D.Coffee and tea

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 E.Something hot

5. A. She has no time for him.

B. He is very busy.
C. They can meet after 5.00.
D.Both of them are students.
E.They are strangers.

6. A. She could come to the party.

B. She cannot come to the party.
C. She will have a party.
D. She could have a party.
E. The International Students Association give her a party.

PART 2
Questions 7 to 10
Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear several questions or statements spoken in English. The questions and
responses will be spoken two times. They will not be printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully
to understand what the speakers say. You have to choose the best response to each question or
statement.
Now listen to a sample question.
You will hear :
Woman :Well, I’m very glad to have you with me. By the way, my name’s Lucy Liu.
How do you do?
Man : …..
You will also hear :
A. How do you do? I’m Setiawan.
B. I am fine, thank you.
C. Let me introduce myself.
D. How do you know me?
The best answer to the question “How do you do?” is choice (A) “How do you do? I’m Setiawan.”
Therefore you should choose answer (A).

7. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

8. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
9. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.
10. Mark your answer on your answer sheet.

PART 3
Questions 11 to 15
Directions:
In this part of the test, you will hear several monologues. Each monologue will be spoken two times. They
will not be printed in your test book, so you must listen carefully to understand what the speakers say.
After you hear a monologue and the questions about it, read the five possible answers and decide which
one would be the best answer to the questions you have heard.

11. A. Fish
B. Big apes
C. Mammals

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 D.Chimpanzees
E.Dolphins

12. A. Write them a letter

B. Visit the company’s website
C. Send them a fax
D.Go to the office
E.Send an SMS

13. A. Good hours

B. Free food
C. Good salary
D.Training
E.Experience

14. A. A restaurant
B. A hotel
C. A department store
D.Lawyers
E.Finance

15. A. April 14 to 16
B. 2 adults and children
C. A 10% discount on food and beverages
D. Children under 12 years old
E. Rp. 950.000,00

This is the end of the listening section

MATERI PENDAMPING KEGIATAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK/BAHASA INGGRIS/X/K13/SEM.GENAP 65