DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK (Domical top and base)

Name of work:- pkn

1 Tank capacity 2792000 ltr Depth of water 5.00 m
2 Live load 1400 N/mm2 wt of water 9800 N/m3
3 Free board 0.30 m 300 mm
4 Conrete M 35 unit weight 25000 N/m3
scbc 7 N/mm 2
m 13
5 Steel fy 460 Tensile stress 115 N/mm2
6 Nominal Cover 25 mm Effective Cover 35 mm
7 Reinforcement
Top Dome (main / distri. ) 10 mm F 260 mm c/c both way

Top Ring Beam Main 32 mm F 24 Nos.

two ldge srirrups 10 mm F 300 mm c/c

Vertivcal (Water side ) 20 mm F 100 mm c/c

Ring bars (both direction) 20 mm F 100 mm c/c

Distribution steel 10 mm F 160 mm c/c

Bottom Dom slab (both direction)10 mm F 140 mm c/c

Bottom Ring Beam 32 mm F 104 Nos

10 mm f
260 mm c/c
1500 2500
27500

1000 32 mm f Ring 24 Nos

20 mm f Bars 200 mm c/c

5000
10 mm f 160 mm c/c

20 mm f Bars 100 mm c/c

20 mm f
100 mm c/c

10 mm f Bars
800 140 mm c/c Both side
3230
104 Nos. Bars 32 mm f
10 mm f strirup 200 mm c/c
2130
 DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK (Domical top and base)

Tank capacity 2792000 ltr Depth of water = 5.00 m

Live load 1400 N/mm 2
wt of water = 9800 N/mm3
Free board 0.30 m = 300 mm
Conrete M- 35 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm3
scbc 7 N/mm2 m = 13
Steel fy 460 N/mm 2
Tensile stess = 115 N/mm2
Nominal cover 25 mm Effective cover = 35 mm

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M - = 35

sst = 115 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm3
scbc = 7 N/mm2 m = 13
k= 0.442 J = 0.8528 R = 1.318

2 Dimention of tank:- Effective depth of tank = 5.00 - 0.30 =

Õ x D2 2792000 x
If D is the inside diameter of tank, we have = x 4.70 =
4 1000 x

Ö
2792 x 4
\ from which D = 27.50 m say = 27.50 m
3.143 x 4.70
Provide a diameter of = 27.50 m

3 Design of roof dome:- Membrane analysis:

We shall design the top dome and ring beam on membrane analysis, analysis
considring these to be independednt of tankwall which is assumed to be freee at top, Let the rise of the
dome be = 2.50 m and its thickness = 100 mm R= 27.50 / 2=
189.06 + 4
the radius r is given by = R2 = (2r - rise) rise = 13.75 2= (2r-2)2 = =
4
Self load of dome = 0.1 x 1 x 1 x 25000 = 2500 N/m2
Live load = 1400 N/m2
Total load = 3900 N/m2
13.75 45.77
sin f = = 0.285 and cos f = = 0.9482 or f '=
48.27 48.27
wr cos2 f + cos f -1 wr 1- cos f
Hoop stress = Maridian stress =
t 1+cos f t sin 2 f
Maximum hoop stress oqurs at f = 0
3900 x 48.27 1+1-1
and its magnitude = = 941265 N/m2 = 0.941265 N/mm2
0.1 1+1
Maximum meridian stress will be at F = f = 16 degree
3900 x 48.27 1- 0.787
and its magnitude = = 1056720 N/m2 = 1.05672
0.1 0.379
The stress are with in safe limit. However provide minimum reinforcement @ 0.3 % of area in each direction.
0.3
\ As = x 1000 x 100 = 300 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 79 / 300 = 262 say = 260 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 260 mm c/c in both direction.

3 Design of ring beam :- The thickness of dome = 150 mm assumed

Meridional thrust per metre length of dome at its base.= 1056720 x1 x 0.15 = 158508
Horizontal component T per metre length .= 158508 cos 16 = 158508 x 0.9482 = 150299
 27.50
\ hoop tension = 150299 x = 2066611 steel required = 2066611 / 115 =
2

3.14xdia2 3.14 x 32 x 32
using 32 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 17971 / 804 = 23 No. say 24.0
Hence Provided 24 No. 32 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 24 x 804 = 19292 mm2 Equivelent area of composite section of beam
of area of cross section A is =A+(m-1)Ash= A +( 13 - 1 )x 19292 = A+ 231505.92
2066611
Allowing a stress of 1.2 N/mm2 in composite section we have = = 1.2
A + 2E+05
From which A + 231506 = 2066611 / 1.2 or A = 1490670 mm2
Hence provide a Ring beam size 1500 x 1000 mm actual area = 1500000
Provide 10 mm f strirrups @ 300 mm c/c to tie ring beam.
These ring are lapped with dome reinforcement as shown in fig.

4 Design of tank wall:-

Since dome roof has been design on membrane the analysis, the tank wall may be assumed to be
free on top and bottom, and the tank wall will be subjected to purely hoop stress.
wHD 9800 x 5.00 x 27.50
Maximum hoop tension at base= = = 673750 N/m
2 2
Area of ring = 673750 / 115 = 5859 mm2 or 2929 mm2 both side
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 314 / 2929 = 107 say = 100 mm
Hence Provided 20 mm F bar, @ 100 mm c/c in both direction.
1000 x 314
Actual , Ast = 2 x = 6280 mm2
100
The spacing of ring may be increased towards the top, since pressure varies lineearly
Using a tensile stress of 1.2N/mm2 for the the combined section ,
673750
thickness T is given by= = 1.2
1000 T +( 13 - 1 )x 6280
From which T = 499 mm
Minimum thickness 3xD +5 = 3 x 5 + 5 = 20 cm = 200 mm
Hence provided = 499 mm thickness throughout the height, through the thickness at the top can be reduced.
Distribution reinforcement
499 - 100
Asd = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.186 %
450 - 100
0.19
Distribution reinforcement area = x 499 x 1000 = 928 mm2
100
Provide half the reinfocement near each face, Asd = 464.07 mm2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
The spacing of 10 mm f bars = 1000 x 79 / 464.07 = 160 mm c/c
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 160 mm c/c

5 Design of Bottom dome:-

for bottom dome h2 = 2.70 m and its thickness = 200 mm R= 27.50 / 2 =
the radius r is given by = R = (2r - rise) rise
2

13.75 2=( 2 x 2.70 - 2.70 x 2.70 )= 189.063 + 7.29 )/ 5.40 =

Weight of water over the surface of dome is given by eq.
D2H h22
Ww = P x w x - x (3R2 - h2)
4 3
 27.50 2
x 5.00 2.70 x( 3.00 x
2
36.37 -
= 3.14 x 9800 x -
4 3
= 21132246 N
Total surface of Dome =2 p R2h2= 2.00 x 3.14 x 36.37 x 2.70 = 616.7 m2
Self load of dome = 616.7 x 0.2 x 25000 = 3083500 N/m2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in Weight of water = 21132246 N/m2
Total load = 24215746 N/m2
Load p2 per unit area = 24215746 / 616.7 = 39267 N/m2
13.75 33.67
sin f = = 0.378 and cos f = = 0.9258 or f '=
36.37 36.37
p2R2 39267 x 36.37
Maximum hoop stress at center = = = 3570352 N/m2 = 3.570 N/mm2
2xt2 2 x 0.2
p2.R2 1- cos f
Maximum Maridian stress =
t2 sin 2 f
39267 x 36.37 1 - 0.92576
= x = 3708879 N/mm2
0.2 0.378 x 0.378
W2 24215746
Alternatively shear force F2 = = = 280437 N/m
pD 3.14 x 27.50
F2 280437
Meriditional thrust T2 = = = 741781 N/m
sinf2 0.378
741781
Meriditional stress = = 3.709 N/mm2
1000 x 200
The stress are with in safe limit. However provide minimum reinforcement
200 - 100
Ast = 0.3 - 0.1 x = 0.27 %
450 - 100
0.27
Distribution reinforcement area = x 200 x 1000 = 540 mm2
100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 79 / 540 = 145 say = 140 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, @ 140 mm c/c in both direction.

Design of ring beam :- The thickness of dome = 200 mm assumed

Meridional thrust per metre length of dome at its base.= 3708879 x1 x 0.2 = 741776
Horizontal component T per metre length .= 741776 cos 22 = 741776 x 0.9258 = 686709
Alternatively, p2 = F2 Cot f2 = 280437 x 2.449 = 686713.7

27.50
\ hoop tension = 686709 x = 9442249 steel required = 9442249 / 115 =
2
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 32 x 32
using 32 mm bars A = = =
4 x100 4 x 100
No.of hoop Bars = 82107 / 804 = 103 No. say 104
Hence Provided 104 No. 32 mm F Ring bar, for symetry.
Actual , Ast = 104 x 804 = 83599 mm2 Equivelent area of composite section of beam
of area of cross section A is =A+(m-1)Ash= A +( 13 - 1 )x 83599 = A+ 1003192
9442249
Allowing a stress of 1.2 N/mm2 in composite section we have = = 1.2
A + 1E+06
From which A + 1003192 = 9442249 / 1.2 or A = 6865349 mm2
Beam width = 2130 Beam depth = 3230

Hence provide a Ring beam size 2130 x 3230 mm actual area = 6879900
Provide 10 mm f strirrups @ 200 mm c/c to tie ring beam.
Alternatively, the above f bar verticaly provided @ above spacing on the inner
 face of the tank wall may betaken around the rings.

Reinforcement shown in drawing

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
se)

4.70 m
1000
1000

13.75 m

48.27 m

16 degree

Safe

N/mm2 Safe

area in each direction.

79 mm2

mm

N/m
N/m
 17971 mm2

804 mm2

No.

e section of beam
231505.92

mm2

may be assumed to be

N/m

314 mm2

mm

mm
top can be reduced.

79 mm2

13.75 m

36.37 m
 2.70 )

22 degree

N/mm2 Safe

Safe

Safe

79 mm2

mm

741776 N/m
686709 N/m

82107 mm2

804 mm2

No.

e section of beam
1003192

mm2
 DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK (Domical top and base)

10 mm f
1000 260 mm c/c
2500
27500

1500 32 mm f Ring 24 Nos

20 mm f Bars 200 mm c/c

5000
10 mm f 160 mm c/c

20 mm f Bars 100 mm c/c

32 mm f Bars 104 mm c/c

20 mm f 0 mm f Ring
100 mm c/c 0 mm c/c
800 800
3230

32 mm f Bars 104 mm c/c

0 mm f Ring 0 mm c/c both side

2.50
R= 13.75

F
f f

Fig 1
 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS Permiss
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2)
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
140 jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) concrete
Pc (%) 0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
N/mm2 Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
230 jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415)
Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
275 jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500)
Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2 Permi
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Grade of
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000) Maximum shea

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5 tc.max
 Shear stress tc Reiforcement % modification factore Table
100As 100As % fy 200 250 328 415
M-20 M-20
bd bd 0.0
0.14 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.05
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.10
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.15 1.90
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 0.20 1.80
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.25 2 1.70
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.30 1.85 1.60
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 0.35 1.75 1.50
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 0.4 1.65 1.40
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.30
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 0.6 1.75 1.4 1.20
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 0.7 1.90 1.65 1.35 1.15
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 0.8 1.80 1.55 1.30 1.05
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 0.9 1.70 1.5 1.25 1.02
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 1.0 1.60 1.45 1.2 1.20
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 1.1 1.55 1.4 1.16 0.98
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 1.2 1.50 1.35 1.13 0.96
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 1.3 1.50 1.3 1.1 0.94
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 1.4 1.45 1.3 1.1 0.92
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 1.5 1.40 1.25 1.07 0.91
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 1.6 1.35 1.2 1.05 0.90
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 1.7 1.35 1.2 1.03 0.89
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 1.8 1.30 1.18 1.01 0.86
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 1.9 1.30 1.16 1.0 0.86
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 2.0 1.25 1.14 0.99 0.85
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 2.1 1.25 1.13 0.97 0.84
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25 2.2 1.20 1.12 0.96 0.83
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33 2.3 1.18 1.1 0.95 0.83
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41 2.4 1.17 1.1 0.94 0.82
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50 2.5 1.16 1.08 0.93 0.82
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63 2.6 1.15 1.06 0.92 0.81
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64 2.7 1.14 1.05 0.92 0.81
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75 2.8 1.13 1.04 0.91 0.81
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88 2.9 1.12 1.03 0.91 0.81
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00 3.0 1.11 1.02 0.90 0.81
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13 3.1 1.11 1.01 0.87 0.81
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25 3.2 1.11 1.00 0.86 0.81
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30 Value of angle
0.55 0.31 Degree sin cos tan Degree sin
0.56 0.31 1 0.017 1.000 0.017 1 0.017
0.57 0.31 2 0.035 0.999 0.035 2 0.035
0.58 0.31 3 0.052 0.999 0.052 3 0.052
0.59 0.31 4 0.070 0.998 0.070 4 0.070
0.6 0.32 5 0.087 0.996 0.087 5 0.087
0.61 0.32 6 0.104 0.995 0.105 6 0.104
0.62 0.32 7 0.122 0.993 0.123 7 0.122
0.63 0.32 8 0.139 0.990 0.140 8 0.139
0.64 0.32 9 0.156 0.988 0.158 9 0.156
0.65 0.33 10 0.174 0.985 0.176 10 0.174
0.66 0.33 11 0.191 0.981 0.194 11 0.191
0.67 0.33 12 0.208 0.978 0.213 12 0.208
0.68 0.33 13 0.225 0.974 0.231 13 0.225
0.69 0.33 14 0.242 0.970 0.249 14 0.242
0.7 0.34 15 0.259 0.966 0.268 15 0.259
0.71 0.34 16 0.276 0.961 0.287 16 0.276
0.72 0.34 17 0.292 0.956 0.306 17 0.292
0.73 0.34 18 0.309 0.951 0.325 18 0.309
0.74 0.34 19 0.326 0.946 0.344 19 0.326
0.75 0.35 20 0.342 0.940 0.364 20 0.342
0.76 0.35 21 0.358 0.934 0.384 21 0.358
0.77 0.35 22 0.375 0.927 0.404 22 0.375
0.78 0.35 23 0.391 0.921 0.424 23 0.391
0.79 0.35 24 0.407 0.924 0.440 24 0.407
0.8 0.35 25 0.422 0.906 0.466 25 0.422
0.81 0.35 26 0.438 0.898 0.488 26 0.438
0.82 0.36 27 0.454 0.891 0.510 27 0.454
0.83 0.36 28 0.469 0.883 0.532 28 0.469
0.84 0.36 29 0.485 0.875 0.554 29 0.485
0.85 0.36 30 0.500 0.866 0.577 30 0.500
0.86 0.36 31 0.515 0.857 0.601 31 0.515
0.87 0.36 32 0.530 0.848 0.625 32 0.530
0.88 0.37 33 0.545 0.839 0.649 33 0.545
0.89 0.37 34 0.559 0.829 0.675 34 0.559
0.9 0.37 35 0.573 0.819 0.700 35 0.573
0.91 0.37 36 0.858 0.809 1.060 36 0.588
0.92 0.37 37 0.602 0.799 0.754 37 0.602
0.93 0.37 38 0.616 0.788 0.781 38 0.616
0.94 0.38 39 0.629 0.777 0.810 39 0.629
0.95 0.38 40 0.643 0.766 0.839 40 0.643
0.96 0.38 41 0.656 0.755 0.869 41 0.656
0.97 0.38 42 0.669 0.743 0.900 42 0.669
0.98 0.38 43 0.682 0.731 0.933 43 0.682
0.99 0.38 44 0.695 0.719 0.966 44 0.695
1.00 0.39 45 0.707 0.707 1.000 45 0.707
1.01 0.39 46 0.719 0.695 1.036 46 0.719
1.02 0.39 47 0.731 0.682 1.072 47 0.731
1.03 0.39 48 0.742 0.669 1.109 48 0.742
1.04 0.39 49 0.755 0.656 1.150 49 0.755
1.05 0.39 50 0.766 0.643 1.192 50 0.766
1.06 0.39 51 0.777 0.629 1.235 51 0.777
1.07 0.39 52 0.788 0.616 1.280 52 0.788
1.08 0.4 53 0.799 0.602 1.327 53 0.799
1.09 0.4 54 0.809 0.588 1.376 54 0.809
1.10 0.4 55 0.819 0.574 1.428 55 0.819
1.11 0.4 56 0.829 0.559 1.483 56 0.829
1.12 0.4 57 0.839 0.545 1.540 57 0.839
1.13 0.4 58 0.848 0.530 1.600 58 0.848
1.14 0.4 59 0.857 0.515 1.664 59 0.857
1.15 0.4 60 0.866 0.500 1.732 60 0.866
1.16 0.41 61 0.875 0.485 1.804 61 0.875
1.17 0.41 62 0.883 0.470 1.880 62 0.883
1.18 0.41 63 0.891 0.454 1.963 63 0.891
1.19 0.41 64 0.899 0.438 2.051 64 0.899
1.20 0.41 65 0.906 0.423 2.145 65 0.906
1.21 0.41 66 0.914 0.407 2.246 66 0.914
1.22 0.41 67 0.921 0.391 2.356 67 0.921
1.23 0.41 68 0.927 0.375 2.475 68 0.927
1.24 0.41 69 0.934 0.358 2.605 69 0.934
1.25 0.42 70 0.940 0.342 2.747 70 0.940
1.26 0.42 71 0.946 0.326 2.904 71 0.946
1.27 0.42 72 0.951 0.309 3.078 72 0.951
1.28 0.42 73 0.956 0.292 3.271 73 0.956
1.29 0.42 74 0.961 0.276 3.488 74 0.961
1.30 0.42 75 0.966 0.259 3.732 75 0.966
1.31 0.42 76 0.970 0.242 4.011 76 0.970
1.32 0.42 77 0.974 0.225 4.332 77 0.974
1.33 0.43 78 0.978 0.208 4.705 78 0.978
1.34 0.43 79 0.982 0.191 5.145 79 0.982
1.35 0.43 80 0.985 0.174 5.673 80 0.985
1.36 0.43 81 0.988 0.156 6.315 81 0.988
1.37 0.43 82 0.999 0.139 7.178 82 0.999
1.38 0.43 83 0.993 0.122 8.145 83 0.993
1.39 0.43 84 0.995 0.105 9.517 84 0.995
1.40 0.43 85 0.996 0.087 11.431 85 0.996
1.41 0.44 86 0.998 0.070 14.302 86 0.998
1.42 0.44 87 0.999 0.052 19.083 87 0.999
1.43 0.44 88 0.999 0.035 28.637 88 0.999
1.44 0.44 89 0.9998 0.017 57.295 89 0.9998
1.45 0.44 90 1.000 0.000 1.000 90 1.000
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
Table Carpentors's coefficents for cylenlidrical tank (Re
1.51 0.45 Factors F K1
1.52 0.45 H+dA 10 20 30 40 10 20
1.53 0.45 0.2 0.046 0.028 0.022 0.015 - 0.5
1.54 0.45 0.3 0.032 0.019 0.014 0.01 0.55 0.43

Value of H/D
1.55 0.45 0.4 0.024 0.014 0.01 0.007 0.5 0.39
1.56 0.45 0.5 0.02 0.02 0.009 0.006 0.45 0.37
1.57 0.45 1.0 0.012 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.37 0.28
1.58 0.45 2.0 0.006 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.3 0.22
1.59 0.45 4.0 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.27 0.2
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2.0
Development Length in tension
1.6
Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars
tbd (N / mm2) kd = L d F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
1.2
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.8
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
0.4
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28 0
1.4 25 2.24 26

Fs= steel stress o

for steeel
fy 500 =
fy 415 =
Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000) fy 328 =
Permission stress in compression (N/mm ) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
2
fy 250 =
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2) fy 207 =
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5
able
500
2.00
1.80
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.20
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68

Degree
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
 50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90

s for cylenlidrical tank (Reyolndhand book)

K1 K2
30 40 10 20 30 40
0.45 0.4 0.32 0.46 0.53 0.5
0.38 0.33 0.35 0.53 0.6 0.66
0.35 0.3 0.44 0.58 0.65 0.7
0.32 0.27 0.48 0.63 0.69 0.73
0.24 0.21 0.62 0.73 0.74 0.83
0.19 0.16 0.73 0.81 0.85 0.88
0.17 0.14 0.8 0.85 0.87 0.9
 fs = 120 =fy200
fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328
fs =240 =fy415
fs = 290 =fy500

0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2

Modification factore
Fig 7.1
Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy

Fs 290 N/mm2
Fs 240 N/mm2
Fs 190 N/mm2
Fs 145 N/mm2
Fs 120 N/mm2