UNIT III

VOLLEYBALL

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the unit, students should be able to:

a. discuss the nature and backroad of the game.

b. Execute the basic skills in playing volleyball
c. Develop self-confidence in playing the game.
OVERVIEW

The sport Volleyball was invented by William G. Morgan at the YMCA Gymnasium at
Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA. This game became the most popular game in the
Armybarracks. The international volleyball Association was formed in Paris in April1947.
and the world championship was instituted in 1949 for men and 1952 for women. The
game was introduced to the Olympic Games for both men and women in 1964. Morgan
called the sport “mintonette,” until a professor from Springfield College in Massachusetts
noted the volleying nature of play and proposed the name of “volleyball.”

Lesson 1
GAME CHARACTERISTIC, FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT
GAME CHARACTERISTIC

Volleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a net. There
are different versions available for specific circumstances in order to offer the versatility of
the game to everyone.

The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to ground it on the
opponent’s court, and to prevent the same effort by the opponent. The team has three hits
for returning the ball (in addition to the block contact).

The ball is put in play with a service: hit by the server over the net to the opponents.
The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the playing court, goes “out” or a team fails
to return it properly.

In Volleyball, the team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When the
receiving team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve, and its players rotate one
position clockwise.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

COURT AND LINES

1. The court shall be 18 meters long and 9 meters wide and free from all obstructions
up to a height of 7 meters measured from the ground.
2. The court shall be bounded by lines 5 cm wide which shall be drawn at least 2
meters from all obstructions.
3. Center line is a line drawn beneath the net, 5 cm wide that divides the court into two
equal halves. The center line ends with the sidelines.

NET

1. The net shall be 1 meter deep and 9.50 meters long and it should be made of 10 cm.
A double thickness of white canvas, 5 cm wide shall be sewn along the top of the net.
A flexible cable shall be stretched through the canvas.
2. The height of the net measured in the center shall be 2.43 meters for men and 2.24
meters for women. The two ends must be an equal height from the ground and
cannot exceed the regulation height by 2 cms.
THE BALL

The ball shall be spherical and made of a supple leather case with the bladder made
of rubber or similar materials. The ball shall be uniform in color; indoors, the color shall be
light.

Circumference: 66cm± 1 cm Weight: 270 grams ± 10 grams

POSITION OF THE PLAYERS
COLLECTIVE SCREEN

COMPLETED BLOCK
BACK ROW PLAYER’S ATTACK
Lesson 2
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

SERVING

Serving is used to put the ball in play. The action is done with an
arm swing that sends the ball over the net into the opponent’s court. A
serve may be executed anywhere directly behind the end line. Indeed, it
might be most effective to serve from various places along the length of the ending. Serving
is the first weapon that can generate an immediate point, begin a game, or ignite an offense.
A well-placed serve (whether to a weak passer, at the setter, at the quick attacker, or to a
weak formation) that is also difficult to pass puts the opponent at a disadvantage.

TYPES OF SERVICE

A. UNDERHAND SERVE
An underhand serve is a type of service in which the player holds the ball in one
hand, swings the other in an arc motion below the waist, and strikes the ball from
the bottom with a fist to put it in play.

HOW TO DO IT!
1. Hold the ball in the off-hand in front of the body, palm up.
2. With the off-
hand, toss
the ball

approximately .3 meters (1 foot) straight up in the air.

3. As the ball is coming down, swing the dominant hand with a closed fist across
the body in a natural move into the bottom third of the ball, toward the net.
LET’S DO IT!

Instruction: Perform the series of underhand serves in 1 minute.

SKILL PROGRESSION UNDERHAND SERVE

The student can Often Sometimes Never

(3) (2) (1)

Accurately toss the ball.
Make contact with the ball.
Strike the ball with a rigid, consistent contact point.
Get a legal underhand serve over the net.
Get a legal underhand serve over the net and inbounds.
Accurately place the ball in a designated place on the
court
TOTAL

B. OVERHAND SERVE
An overhand serve in volleyball is a service in which the player tosses the ball with
one hand and strikes it in the air above their head with the other hand.

HOW TO DO IT!

1. Position behind the service line, facing the net, with the feet slightly staggered
shoulder width apart.
2. The foot opposite the dominant hand should be slightly forward, toes pointing at
the spot the server is aiming at with the body weight resting primarily on the
back foot.
3. Hold the ball in the off-hand at arm’s length in front of the body, palm up. The
dominant arm should be held above the shoulder, with the elbow at the same
height as the ear and pointing backward and the hand pointing forward.
4. Softly toss the ball 1 meter (3 feet) in the air so that it passes in front of the
dominant shoulder.
 5. Shift the weight from the back foot
to the front foot by leaning forward,
and rotate the dominant arm high
and into the path of the ball.
6. Sharply strike the ball with an open
hand, aiming at a point slightly
above the height of the net
7. Follow through on the arm swing, rotating the upper body for more power.

LET’S DO IT!

Instruction: Perform the series of overhand serve in 1 minute.

SKILL PROGRESSION UNDERHAND SERVE

The student can Often Sometime Never
s
(3) (1)
(2)
Accurately toss the ball.
Make contact with the ball.
Strike the ball with a rigid, consistent contact point.
Get a legal overhand serve over the net.
Get a legal overhand serve over the net and inbounds.
Accurately place the ball in a designated place on the court
TOTAL

PASSING

Passing is used to receiving the ball from your opponents, as in service, or

as a technique to accurately control the ball in a way that eliminates lifting or
carrying the ball.
TYPES OF PASSING

A. FOREARM PASSING

HOW TO DO IT!

The athlete should assume an athletic

position facing the direction the ball will
come from, feet slightly staggered and
shoulder width apart, knees bent, upper
body slightly leaning forward, and hands
held loosely in front of the body. Once
the athlete decides to forearm pass the
ball (as opposed to overhead passing),
the athlete will clasp the hands together in whatever fashion feels comfortable as long as
the thumbs are exactly even. The elbows should be locked straight, and the thumbs should
be pointed toward the floor 1 meter (3 feet) in front of the athlete.

The athlete should watch the flight of the ball and move the feet so that the ball will contact
a point on the forearms above the wrist, between the outstretched arms, while still
crouched in the athletic position without having to reach off-balance in any direction.

LET’S PLAY!

Instruction: Choose your partner. Complete 10 bumps in a row between both partners.
Concentrate on giving your partner a good pass that can easily be bumped back to you.

Step 1: Stand facing your partner about 8-10 feet away. Partner one is holding the ball and

Partner 2 is standing ready to bump the ball.

Step 2: Partner 1 tosses the ball to Partner 2, who softly bumps the ball back to Partner 1.

Step 3: Partner 1 then bumps the ball back to Partner 2.

SKILL PROGRESSION -FOREARM PASS

The student can Often Sometime Never
s
(3) (1)
(2)
Create a consistent flatform
Demonstrate a stable, staggered stance
Demonstrate proper athletic stance
Forearm passes a ball tossed directly to them
Forearm pass a ball tossed 1 meter (3 feet) from the
student
Forearm passes the served ball to the setter
Forearm pass a ball served in their area of responsibility
TOTAL

B. OVERHEAD PASSING

HOW TO DO IT!

The athlete should assume an

athletic position facing the direction the
ball will come from, feet slightly
staggered and shoulder width apart,
knees bent, upper body slightly leaning
forward, and hands held loosely in front
of the body.

The athlete should watch the

flight of the ball and move the feet so
he/she will contact the ball just above
and in front of the head with both hands as if setting the ball. The hands of the athlete will
need to be much stronger since the ball will be coming faster and higher. The ball should be
directed in a controlled fashion to the setter rather than simply slapping back over the net.
LET’S PLAY

Instruction: The students will assume the correct passing position facing the teacher
approximately 3 meters (10 feet) away. The teacher will initiate the drill by tossing the ball
directly in front of the student, who will pass the ball back to the teacher. The teacher will
then toss the ball 1 meter (3 feet) to the left of the student, who will pass it back to the
teacher, who will toss the ball 1 meter (3 feet) behind the student, who will pass it back to
the teacher, who will toss the ball 1 meter (3 feet) to the right of the student, who will pass
it back to the teacher, who will toss the ball 1 meter (3 feet) in front of the student. The drill
then repeats 4 more times.
SKILL PROGRESSION- OVERHEAD PASS
The student can Often Sometime Never
s
(3) (1)
(2)
Create a consistent overhead hand position
Demonstrate a stable, staggered stance
Demonstrate proper athletic stance
Overhead pass a ball tossed directly to them
Overhead pass a ball tossed 1 meter (3 feet) from the
player
Overhead pass the tossed ball to the setter
Overhead pass a ball served in their area of responsibility
Overhead pass the served ball to the setter
TOTAL

SETTING

It is used to receive a teammate’s pass in order that the play may continue by
passing the ball overhead to an attacker. The action of setting is to contact the ball
with the finger pads momentarily at the forehead and following through with arms
fully extended to the hitting target. Hand setting is the most difficult skill for any volleyball
player to learn to do well. It requires considerable eye-hand coordination as well as quick
feet to get under the ball during competition. The quality of the setting directly determines
how effective the hitters on a team will be.

HOW TO DO IT!

The player should face the target of the set (not the source of the pass), standing
with the feet shoulder width apart, left foot slightly in front of the right foot (regardless of
the dominant hand), hands slightly above and in front of the forehead as if cradling the ball,
with thumbs pointing at the forehead and fingers pointing skyward.

The setter needs to wait for the ball to

make the initial contact with both hands at
the same time. The setter then changes the
direction of the ball toward the target by
pushing with both arms outward toward the
target, ending with arms fully extended and
fingers pointing at the ball as it arcs toward
the target.

LET’S PLAY!

Instruction: Stand in the correct setting position facing the player 1 meter (3 feet) away.
The teacher will gently toss the ball into the hands of the player, who will flick or snap the
ball as quickly as possible directly back to the teacher in a straight line. The teacher’s hands
should be held in front of his/her face as the target for the player to aim for. As the player
gains confidence, the teacher should slowly move his/her hands higher above the head and
make the toss from farther away so that the player can begin putting the arc on the set
rather than a straight line.
The purpose of this drill is to allow the player to practice: (1) getting the hands up in the
proper position early, (2) waiting for the ball to contact the hands before setting it, and (3)
flicking the ball rather than hitting it with the hands.

SKILL PROGRESSION- SETTING

The student can Often Sometime Never
s
(3) (1)
(2)
Create a consistent overhead hand position
Demonstrate a stable, staggered stance
Demonstrate proper athletic stance
Demonstrate follow-through with full arm extension
Front set a ball tossed 1 meter (3 feet) from the player
Front set the passed ball to the hitter
Back set a ball tossed 1 meter (3 feet) from the player
Back set the passed ball to the hitter
TOTAL

ATTACKING/SPIKING

It is used to put the ball into the opponent’s court in order to earn
point or side out. The action of this skill will incorporate a quick approach
followed by a strong, full arm swing, and follow thru.

A. STANDING ATTACK

HOW TO DO IT!

The player should stand facing the direction the ball is intended to travel (most
often at an angle from the set), with the feet slightly staggered shoulder width apart. The
foot opposite the dominant hand should be slightly forward (left foot forward for a right-
handed player) with the body weight primarily on the back foot. The players’ dominant
arm should be held above the shoulder with the elbow pointing backward and held at the
same height as the ear, and the hand pointing forward (thumb in the ear). The off-arm
should point in the direction the ball is intended to travel.
 Once the athlete is ready to swing, the off arm will begin to drop as the dominant
arm reaches high toward the ball. The player weight will shift from the back foot to the
front foot, and the arm will swing into and through the ball, snapping the wrist to give the
ball topspin.

B. JUMPING ATTACK

HOW TO DO IT!
 The mechanics are the same as a standing attack with the addition of a jump. The
player will need to be a short distance behind where the set will land. He/she will take a 3-
or 4step approach to the ball, with the last two steps as the jump. The second to last step is
the longest. The last step just closes the feet together (step-close). A strong upward arm
swing helps generate extra vertical height. The player should take the last step on the foot
opposite the dominant arm (left foot for right handed athletes).

LET’S PLAY!

Scenario: A teacher or setter will stand on the same side of the net as the attacker. The
attacker initiates the drill by tossing the ball to the setter, who will set the ball to the
outside for the attacker to approach and hit. The attacker will aim for one of the targets on
the opposite side of the net. Do the activity for 5 times.
 SKILL PROGRESSION- ATTACKING
The student can Often Sometime Never
s
(3) (1)
(2)
Demonstrate proper arm position
Demonstrate fully extended arm swing with follow-
through
Standing, spike the ball over the net from a toss or set
Standing, spike the ball over the net using a short
approach from a toss or set
Accurately hit the ball to a designated place on the court
from a toss or set
Accurately hit a variety of tosses or sets from a variety of
heights from a standing position
Time their jump to spike the ball over the net using a short
approach from a toss or set
Time their jump to accurately hit the ball to a designated
place on the court from a toss or set
Time their jump to accurately hit a toss or set from a
variety of heights
TOTAL

BLOCKING

It is used to stop the ball of the opponent’s attack to cross the net. A
block is effective if it immediately places the ball back into the opponent’s
court or if it temporarily slows down the ball in order for a defender to make
dig. The fundamental of this is to stand facing the net with feet shoulder
width apart, arms nearly extended above the head, ready to jump above the
net to deflect the ball back into the opponent’s court.

Blocking is an advanced skill that requires physical height, jumping ability and good
judgment to time the jump against the attacker. While most Special Olympics athletes will
not (and should not) try to block, those who are able can change the energy of a game with
a well-executed stuff block.
 A common problem is athletes who confuse blocking a tight set with a chance to
reach over and attack the ball before the opponent can attack it. This usually results in a net
violation on the blocker.

HOW TO DO IT!

The player should stand squarely facing the net, approximately 15-20 centimeters away (6-
8 inches), feet even and slightly less than shoulder width apart, hands close to the body in
front of the chest with the palms facing the net. The player will bend deeply with the knees
and then explode straight upward, reaching with both hands as high as possible. The player
should attempt to reach over the net, with both arms straight, as far as he/she can without
touching the net.

The outside blocker is positioned to be lined up on the inside shoulder of the attacker at the
point where he/she will swing at the ball. A blocker on the right side of the court will put
his/her right arm on the ball. A blocker on the left side of the court will put his/her left arm
on the ball. This will give the best chance of blocking an angle or cross-court attack.

The player should focus on

reaching to a specific point above
the net rather than wildly flailing
the arms hoping to make contact.
The primary purpose of the block
is to take away a specific portion
of the court and force the
attacker to hit either into the
block or into the arms of the
defenders covering the rest of the
court. Blockers will decide to cover the line or the angle before jumping, and the rest of the
team will arrange themselves to cover the rest of the court as defenders.
LET’ PLAY!

Scenario: A teacher or setter will stand on the opposite side of the net from the blocker
and initiate the drill by accurately tossing the ball out to a fixed spot where an attacker will
hit at an angle. The blocker practices timing the block jump against the jump of the
attacker.

SKILL PROGRESSION- BLOCKING

The student can Often Sometime Never
s
(3) (1)
(2)
Demonstrate proper blocking stance
Demonstrate proper jumping technique while reaching as
high as possible
Demonstrate proper arm position above the net
Position themselves in front of the hitters’ approach
Time the jump correctly with the hitters’ attack
Demonstrate proper landing technique
TOTAL

DIGGING
 It is used to receive the opponent’s attack. The dig resembles a forearm pass
from a low ready position and is used more for balls that are hit near the defender.