PROJECT PYROKINETICS: EGGSHELL

AS MAIN FIRE RETARDANT

A Project Development Study

presented to

the Faculty of Malvar Senior High School

Malvar, Batangas

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the

subject Research Capstone Project

STEM strand

By:

Gonzal, Airon Clever P.

Monterey, Bryzon

Salisi, Pol Vince

Manalo, Vincent

Abac, Princess Mercedes C.

Cariño, Gwynette

Tawatao, Jensen Reinz

Lusterio, Francheska

Quimio, Erich Nicole

Villegas, Michael Enrick

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 May 2022

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This project development study entitled “PROJECT PYROKINETICS:

EGGSHELL AS A MAIN FIRE RETARDANT”, prepared and submitted by
Student A, Student B, Student C, Student D, Student E, and Student F in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Research Capstone Project
STEM strand has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and
approval for Oral Examination.

IAN KARLO D. PERILLA

Adviser

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ____

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

PANELIST A
Panelist

PANELIST B PANELIST C

Panelist Panelist

Date of Oral Examination: June X 2022

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

subject Research Capstone Project.

ROSALIE L. LIWANAG
Principal II

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

When you write your acknowledgments, write an exhaustive list of all

the people you wish to thank for helping or collaborating with you on your

research; then organize them, beginning with those who helped you with the

product the most.

To Person A for

To Person B for

To Person C for

To Person D for

And lastly, to

Chapter I

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 THE PROJECT AND ITS BACKGROUND

One of the deadliest and most destructive natural disasters can occur is

fire. It damages property and risks people's lives. The fire extinguisher, a vital

safety equipment that is present in many establishments and is one of the most

crucial equipment for extinguishing fire. Traditional fire extinguishers typically

contain hazardous chemicals that can be harmful to the environment and

people's health. The need for safer and more environmentally friendly fire

extinguishers are increasing.

One potential solution is to develop an alternative fire extinguisher using

egg shells as a fire retardant. Eggshells are natural and organic material that can

be found easily and often considered as a waste. By repurposing them as a fire

retardant, researchers can reduce waste and create a more sustainable and eco-

friendly solution for fire extinguishers.

This study's main goal is to determine whether eggshells can replace

other fire retardants in fire extinguisher balls. Through this study, researchers

want to create a versatile, safe, affordable and ecological alternative to

conventional fire extinguishers. Eggshells will be put to the test along with

ammonium phosphate and baking soda to see how well they put out fire

compared to other conventional fire extinguisher components. The findings of

this study will contribute to the design of sustainable and low costs environmental

friendly fire extinguisher alternatives.

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 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to develop a fire retardant that uses

eggshell as its main component.

Specifically, the study aims to:

1.Formulate the fire retardant mixture

2.Determine the effectiveness of eggshell as a main fire retardant

3. Evaluate the effectiveness of the product in terms of:

3.1. Accuracy

3.2. Range

3.3. Flame retardancy

Scope, Limitation and Delimitation

The purpose of this study is to create an eggshell-based fire retardant.

Specifically, it aims to determine the effectiveness of eggshells as a main fire

retardant and formulate the fire retardant mixture. The research will involve

conducting trials and errors to evaluate the effectiveness of the product in terms

of explosion radius, flame retardancy, and ignition, the research will involve

conducting trials and errors. Usually, class A, B, and C fires are the type of fire

frequently encountered in residential and commercial settings and this will be the

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 subject of the study. Furthermore, eggshells has gained attention in recent years

due to their low cost, and eco-friendliness.

The study is delimited to the use of eggshells as the main component of the

fire retardant. The research will focus on evaluating the effectiveness of the

product in terms of accuracy, flame retardancy, and range for Class A and B

fires. This study won’t dig deeper into other substances or elements that could be

used as fire retardant. However, being aware of the limitations of the study is

important. The effectiveness of using eggshell as a substitute fire retardant

cannot be used to put out class C and D fires is the sole topic of this study. This

research won't go far enough to figure out how many fire retardant balls will be

required to completely put out the flames, and it also won't be able to figure out

alternative uses for the mono ammonium phosphate and baking soda that are

also present in the mixture. Additionally, this research would not be able to

answer if the fire retardant ball would be safe and won't ignite if the kids deals

with it. The chemicals are non-toxic although we cannot answer if the chemical

mixtures that are in the fire retardant ball are safe for everyone to handle and

carry everywhere.

Significance of the Study

This project focuses on the development of eggshells as an alternative fire

retardant for the fire extinguishing cannon because of the need for more

sustainable and eco-friendly solutions for fire safety. The researchers project

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 aims mainly to contribute to the environment, community, and country, as well as

help people and households lessen the chance of having fire break outs.

The significance of this study to the environment is that the researchers will

be using organic chemicals, such as eggshell, monoammonium phosphate,

which is used as agricultural fertilizer, and baking soda, which can make plants

less acidic and prevent fungal growth, which can lessen chemical hazards to the

environment.

The significance of this study to the country and community is that,

because it is cheap, it will be convenient for every household to have this to

reduce big fire breakouts, thereby reducing fire-related accidents. Lastly,

because it is cheap, a barangay or small community can give each household a

fire extinguishing cannon.

Chapter II

LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature presented provides a comprehensive overview of various

approaches to fire retardation and extinguishing.

Conceptual Literature

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 Fires can be catastrophic and dangerous, but there are different methods

for preventing and extinguishing them. This includes eggshells that contain

minerals that act as natural fire retardants, including calcium carbonate,

phosphorus, and potassium. When chicken egg shells are burned, they release

carbon dioxide gas, which displaces oxygen and helps to put out the flames. Salt

has also been found to be useful for extinguishing grease fires by absorbing heat

and smothering flames. Baking soda is a commonly used dry chemical fire

extinguishing agent that can put out class B and C fires by smothering the fire

and breaking the chemical reaction that fuels the fire. Baking soda decomposes

when heated to produce carbon dioxide gas and water vapor, which helps to

displace oxygen and cool the fire. Moreover, ammonium phosphates are the

most efficient and environmentally friendly fire retardants for reducing wildfire

intensity and spread in wildland fuels such as forests and brushlands. By

understanding the properties and methods of utilizing natural and chemical fire

retardants, we can develop innovative ways of mitigating the risks of fires in

different environments.

Research Literature

Fires can cause significant damage to property and human life, making it

essential to have effective strategies for fire retardation and extinguishing. Over

the years, researchers have explored different approaches and materials for

preventing and containing fires. This literature review summarizes some of the

recent studies in this field, highlighting their findings and potential implications.

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 Peter Hornsby (2010), explored the use of aluminum and magnesium

hydroxides as fire retardant fillers that can also suppress smoke. According to

the study, these fillers can be useful in lowering the flammability of various

materials. The study also highlighted the potential of synergists, two-component

polymer processing technologies, and nanoscale variants of these fillers to

reduce the high filler levels required.

Another research done by Awad (2010), conducted a further investigation

to look into the usage of silicon-based flame retardants as an environmentally

friendly substitute for halogenated ones. According to the study, silicon-based

flame retardants can effectively retard flames while minimizing harmful gas

emissions during burning. The study also emphasized the need for additional

analysis to fully assess these flame retardants’ potential.

Sooner, Hull, Witkowski, and Hollingbery (2011), conducted a study

comparing the toxicity of low smoke zero-halogen (LSZH) and PVC cables. The

study found that mineral fillers decompose endothermically with the release of

non-flammable gases, leaving a solid residue. The study also discussed different

tests for quantifying flammability and how they focus on particular aspects of

burning behavior. This study provides valuable insights into how we can test the

effectiveness of different fire retardant materials. Moreover, in the study of Elahi

et al.(2019), they presented a fireball fire extinguishing system that could

significantly reduce production costs and cover more area. The study found that

the system could effectively extinguish fires using a foam-based extinguisher.

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 The study also emphasized the need for further research to optimize the system

for different types of fires.

Alternatively, Tseghai et al. (2019) conducted a study examining the efficacy

of incorporating chicken eggshell powder as a fire retardant agent for cotton

fabric. The study revealed that the application of eggshell coating resulted in an

effective flame retardant material suitable for diverse applications. Additionally,

the study discussed the promising potential of utilizing eggshells as an eco-

friendly and economical substitute for conventional fire retardant materials.

Similar to the study above, another study by Reolo (2019) introduced a fire

retardant spray containing calcium carbonate from eggshells and oxaloacetic

acid from kamias. The study found that the spray could potentially be used in

Class C fires involving electric motors and wiring. This study provides insights

into the potential of using natural materials for fire extinguishing and highlights

the need for further research in this area. Comparatively, according to the study

of Golam Mahmud et al.(2022), the Spinach leaves Juice, banana pseudostem

sap (SAP) and eggshell powder have flame retardant properties. Different

literature shows that the ash also has flame retardant properties.

Synthesis

This study is distinguished by its focus on utilizing eggshells as a fire

retardant in fire extinguishers, which sets it apart from previous research that has

explored other natural materials such as a composite material made from a

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 mixture of spinach leaf juice, banana pseudostem sap, cotton ash, and cotton

fiber (Golam Mahmud et al., 2022) aluminum and magnesium hydroxides (Peter

Hornsby, 2010), as well as Awad (2010) who explored silicon-based flame

retardants as environmentally friendly substitutes for halogenated ones together

with calcium carbonate from eggshells and oxaloacetic acid from kamias (Marlon

L. Reolo, 2019).

Furthermore, the importance of using cost-effective and ecologically

friendly alternatives to traditional fire safety measures, reflecting the growing

demand for such solutions in the field of fire protection. This study specifically

aims to create a versatile, safe, affordable, and ecological alternative to

conventional fire extinguishers by repurposing eggshells, which are easily

accessible and considered as waste material. This differentiates researchers'

study from previous research that may have focused on other natural materials

or different applications of fire retardants. Correspondingly, Tseghai et al. (2019)

investigated the use of chicken eggshell powder as a cost-efficient and

sustainable fire retardant material for cotton fabric, stating the need for eco-

friendly substitutes to conventional fire retardant products that may contain

hazardous chemicals.

Moreover, this study acknowledges the need for further research and

optimization of the proposed alternative fire extinguisher using eggshells, which

aligns with the findings of Marlon L. Reolo, (2019) that suggest the need for

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 additional research to refine and optimize alternative approaches for various fire

types and explore the potential of other natural materials.

On top of that , Hull, Witkowski, and Hollingbery(2011) work on a

comparative study that tackles the toxicity of Low Smoke Zero-Halogen(LSZH)

and PVC cables. To same extent Hollingbery and Hull’s(2012) study about how

huntite(Mg₃Ca(CO₃)₄) affects fire retardant natural mixtures with

hydromagnesite(Mg₅(CO₃)₄(OH)₂·4H₂O). In comparison to the researchers

study, the said study also aims to find the effectiveness of different properties,

mechanisms and effectiveness of different kinds of fire retardant materials.

Withal, this study shares similarities with the previous studies in terms of

the overall goal of developing environmentally friendly and sustainable fire safety

solutions. Like the studies reviewed, researchers' research also emphasizes the

importance of using cost-effective and ecologically friendly alternatives to

traditional fire safety measures, highlighting the increasing demand for such

solutions in the field of fire protection .

Conceptual Framework

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 In this conceptual framework, the variables of the study are presented.

First is the dependent variable of the study, the variable that will be measured or

observed in the study. The dependent variable in this project is the effectiveness

of the eggshell powder so that the researchers can measure if it is effective or

not. Second is the independent variable, a variable that is manipulated or

controlled in the study. The independent variable is the concentration or amount

of the eggshell powder that can be manipulated by the researchers and utilize in

creating the mixture. The next one is the mediating variable that explains the

relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In this project,

the mediating variable is the chemical composition of the eggshell powder

because its component affects the effectiveness of the eggshell as the main fire

retardant ingredient. Furthermore, the moderating variable, a variable that affects

the strength or direction of the relationship between the independent and

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 dependent variables. In this case the moderating variable is the type of fire that

the researchers will extinguish because there is a limitation that the eggshell

powder can extinguish like it will only extinguish class A, B, and C fires. Lastly is

the control variable, a variable that is held constant in the study to reduce the

potential for confounding factors. The control variable is the size or the shape of

the product that contains fire retardant mixture.

Definition of Terms

Synergists- Things that originate, result from, or otherwise include synergy are

referred to as synergistic. Synergy describes a situation in which a combination

of factors results in a stronger outcome than would have been the case had the

impacts of each factor been added up separately.

Endothermically- Heat absorption is a property or process that shapes

something.

Halogenated- (of a substance or molecule) having one or more extra halogen

atoms present, typically in the place of hydrogen.

Huntite- The chemical name for the mineral huntite is Mg3Ca(CO3)4. Huntite

often appears as platy crystals and powdery masses and crystallizes in the

trigonal system. Its primary use for the majority of recorded history was as a

white pigment.

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 Hydromagnesite- A hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral known as

hydromagnesite has the chemical formula Mg5(CO3)4(OH)24H2O. It typically

happens with the weathering byproducts of minerals like serpentine or brucite

that contain magnesium.

Oxaloacetic acid- Oxaloacetic acid has the chemical formula HO2CCCH2CO2H

and is a crystalline organic substance. In numerous metabolic processes that

take place in mammals, oxaloacetic acid, in the form of its conjugate base,

oxaloacetate, serves as an intermediary.

Pseudostem- The portion of the banana plant that resembles a trunk is called a

pseudostem. The closely stacked, overlapping leaf sheaths give it shape.

Polymer- Every member of the family of natural or artificial substances known as

polymers is made up of very big molecules, or macromolecules, which are

variations of simpler chemical compounds known as monomers.

Smothered- To stifle or suffocate, as by smoke or other means of preventing

free breathing.

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 Chapter III

METHOD AND PROCEDURES

This study's research approach included a detailed process of data

collection through observation and experimentation. The study's goal was to

create a fire retardant with eggshells as its main component and test its efficiency

in suppressing Class A and B fires. A systematic and scientific methodology was

used to achieve this goal.

Project Development Process

This part of the project includes the planning, testing and evaluation, and

production of the product.

Planning

Fire outbreak, a life threatening accident that can be averted by the proper

precautionary measures or equipment. In order to avoid the occurrence of fire

outbreaks, researchers are working on an eggshell base flame retardant that

would be effective at fighting smaller and lighter fires. Ideas and information from

several studies (Tseghai et al.(2019), Elahi et al.(2019), Reolo(2019) &, Mahmud

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 et al.(2022) as well as the concepts that have been developed by means of a

variety of research and observation, strongly influence device development. The

researcher’s suggestions significantly impact the design of the device .

Production

In beginning this project, the researchers spent time gathering all the

resources needed for the project's production. The researchers started by

collecting eggshells that will be used as the base of the chemical mixture. After

collecting the eggshells, it’s going to be dried before it gets grinded into fine

powder. The other components of the mixture, namely baking powder and mono

ammonium phosphate, are collected by the researchers after obtaining the

eggshell powder. After acquiring all the components needed for the dry chemical

mixture, it will be mixed to form the dry chemical compound. Then, after the

compound has been made, the process of making the shell of the ball begins, as

well as its mechanism and design. To begin the process, the researchers

gathered the tools and parts needed to make the fire extinguisher cannon. This

cannon is spring powered and does not use any gas canister in order to give

more safety to the user of it. The materials and tools needed for this cannon are

PVC pipe, spring, metal rod(or something that can replicate its locking

mechanism), DVD disc, Shrink wrap, Saw, silicon or any strong adhesive, hair

dryer, pair of scissors, and Lighter or candle. To start the process, stack the

DVDs until getting the desired thickness; Stick each DVD with super glue/silicon

adhesive. Afterwards cut the PVC pipe into desired length, optimal for putting the

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 spring mechanism and Chemical retardant. Once done, put the spring and

Stacked DVD together using the Super glue/ silicon adhesive. Also put the rope

and metal rod together, this will serve as lock and trigger mechanism for the

cannon. After all of that is done, put the cannon together based on the premade

blueprint. Put the desired amount of retardant once the cannon is done. Finally,

put a shrink wrap on the open end of the pipe that will hold the retardant until the

product is needed to be used.

Testing and Evaluation

After creating the fireball extinguisher, the researchers put it to the test to

see how well it works in real life situations. It was an important aspect of the

research project development. This part of the development stages will give the

researchers the insight of product limitation, possible improvements and overall

capabilities. A series of evaluative tests were performed on the project in order to

determine the effectiveness of the product in terms of accuracy, range and

retardancy.

Project work Breakdown Schedule

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 Working Number of days
activities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Planning /

Production / / /

Testing / / / / / /
and
Evaluating

Table 1: Work sequence of activities and corresponding Duration

Tools and Equipment

Tools and equipment Respective Function

A. Tools For…

Mixing bowl mixing and storing the Compound

Measuring Cups/Spoon precise measurement of the

ingredients

Strainer Fining the dry chemical powder

mixture

Saw Cutting

Weighing scale Accurate measurements of the

ingredients

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 Stirring rod Mixing the compound

B. Equipment

Glue gun For Putting parts some parts together

Silicon gun/ caulking gun To release silicon from its container

Hair dryer For heating up the shrink wrap

Production Process of the Mixture

The production process for the eggshell fire retardant is a critical

component that involves several key steps to ensure the quality and consistency

of the product. The first step is the collection of eggshells, which must be done

with care to avoid any damage or contamination. Once the eggshells are

collected, they are then thoroughly cleaned to remove any dirt or debris that may

be present. The eggshells are then dried to remove any residual moisture, which

can impact the quality of the final product. Once the eggshells are dry, they are

crushed into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle or other grinding

equipment. This process is essential to ensure that the eggshell powder is of

uniform size and consistency, which is important for the mixing process. The

eggshell powder is then combined with other fire retardant ingredients such as

baking soda and mono ammonium phosphate in precise proportions of 60%

eggshells, 20% baking soda, and 20% mono ammonium phosphate. Careful

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 attention is paid to the mixing process to ensure that the ingredients are well-

distributed throughout the mixture. This is important to ensure that the final

product has the necessary fire-retardant properties. After the mixing process is

complete, the final mixture is stored in a container to prevent any moisture or

other contaminants from entering. The mixture must be stored in a cool, dry

place to maintain its quality and effectiveness.

Result of the Experiment

The efficacy of the researcher's product of using eggshell powder as a

main fire retardant ingredient is uncertain. However, according to the

experimentation, eggshell powder has proven to be a viable fire retardant

ingredient due to its ability to release carbon when burned. This chemical

reaction removes oxygen from the fire and causes it to be extinguished. The

mixture of 20% baking soda, 20% mono ammonium phosphate, and 60%

eggshell powder effectively suppresses fires of class A, B, and C. These

ingredients all possess inherent fire-retardant properties that enable them to

effectively extinguish flames.

Supplies and Materials

Supplies and Materials

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 ● Eggshells

● Baking soda

● Mono ammonium phosphate

● PVC pipe

● Pressure spring

● DVD disc

● Strong adhesive

● Rope

● Shrink wrap

The combination of materials that were used, including eggshells, mono

ammonium phosphate, baking soda, pressure spring, shrink wrap, DVD disc,

strong adhesive and rope. Eggshells are used in the mixture as a source of

calcium, which can extinguishes fire. PVC pipe is the outside casing of the

extinguisher cannon to ensure safe handling of the dry fire extinguishing

chemical inside. The extinguisher cannon's chemical discharge is caused by the

Pressure Spring compressing the inside chemicals. The PVC pipe and DVD disc

are joined by the rope, which increases compression. The DVD disc also

compresses and acts as a chemical barrier. Strong adhesive will fortify the

product and prevent premature failure. Mono Ammonium Phosphate contributes

nitrogen and phosphorus to the mixture, which helps create the loud bangs.

Baking soda helps to generate gas that builds up pressure in the tube, which

contributes to the explosion and the upward launch of the product. Shrink Wrap

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 is used to seal the tube and protect it from moisture or other environmental

factors until the product is ready for use. Throughout the entire product, a PVC

pipe acts as the lock.

Financial Components

A summary of the expenses incurred throughout the project's

development were tabulated and presented in the following table, in order

to determine the finalized project's financial viability.

Project Expenses Variable Cost Weight/no. of items

Baking soda ₱200 1kg

Mono ammonium ₱480 1kg

phosphate

Eggshells ₱0 1kg

PVC pipe ₱300 -

Pressure strings ₱200 -

Shrink wrap ₱250 -

Silicon ₱250 -

Super glue ₱150 -

Metal rod ₱0 -

DVD discs ₱0 -

Rope ₱0 -

TOTAL COST ₱1830 -

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 The project expenses related to the Cannon Extinguisher's construction are

displayed in the table. As can be seen from the chart, the researchers have

invested a total of One Thousand Eight Hundred Thirty Pesos (Php. 1830.00) in

creating the Cannon Extinguisher.

Trials and errors were carried out to assess the effectiveness of the fire

retardant. In these tests, a controlled fire was started in a laboratory using wood

and paper as fuel. The fire was left to burn until a certain point was reached, at

which time the fire retardant was applied. The data gathered throughout the

studies was recorded and evaluated statistically. The possible unpredictability of

eggshells as a natural material, which may have affected the mixture's fire-

retardant qualities, was one of the obstacles encountered throughout the

investigation. Additionally, the study was done in a controlled environment and

may not accurately reflect the product's performance in real-world conditions.

Chapter IV

DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPLETED PROJECT

For product (hardware/software)-based projects: Discuss here the

structure of the product, what are parts and their corresponding functions, its

effectiveness and reliability, how can we be sure it is working and serves its

intended purpose?, how to use the product (operating procedure)?, what to do

for maintenance?, some safety and control measures to consider? (if any),

troubleshooting and repair (to be presented in a table), testing and evaluation.

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 (You can show here that you applied math/science in real life; you can use

scientific/mathematic/technical words)

For process-based projects, please use the title “PRESENTATION,

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA” for this chapter. This is where

you will present the basis of your proposal. Present the detailed analysis here,

thus including the significant and not significant trends. This is detailed and not

the summary. The summary is for the next chapter.

Your conclusion here should be about one page long, but it could be

longer if you have a lot to say.

Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

Summary

Use this section to summarize your study.

Findings

After the completion of the study…

1. Findings 1

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 2. Findings 2

3. Findings 3

Conclusion

Based on the findings the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Conclusion 1

2. Conclusion 2

3. Conclusion 3

Recommendations

On the basis of the findings and conclusions of the project, the

researchers formulated the following recommendations…

1. Recommendation 1

2. Recommendation 2

3. Recommendation 3

Bibliography

(Tseghai, 2019)

References
Lat, G. (n.d.).

Perilla, I. (2023). Citrus sinensis Sweet Orange PFAF Plant Database. Retrieved March 20, 2023,
from PFAF.org: https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Citrus+sinensis

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 Tseghai, G. B. (2019). Producing Fire Retardant Cotton Fabric Using Chicken Eggshell. Retrieved
from Producing Fire Retardant Cotton Fabric Using Chicken Eggshell:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332401497_Producing_Fire_Retardant_Cott
on_Fabric_Using_Chicken_Eggshell

References

Lat, G. (n.d.).

Perilla, I. (2023). Citrus sinensis Sweet Orange PFAF Plant Database.

PFAF.org. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from

https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Citrus+sinensis

Use APA format please. How? Visit this link:

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_overview_and_

workshop.html

References

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 Perilla, I. (2023). Citrus sinensis Sweet Orange PFAF Plant Database.

PFAF.org. Retrieved March 20, 2023, from

https://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Citrus+sinensis

Appendix

Appendices can consist of figures, tables, maps, photographs, raw data,

computer programs, musical examples, interview questions, sample

questionnaires, etc.

Curriculum Vitae

NOTE FROM THE ADVISER:

Given our situation right now, I am not expecting groups to hand me 80+ pages

capstone research project. Only 25 pages to 50 pages can do. (just let me know

if you will exceed)

Go 😊 You can do it!

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 Reminders:

Font: Arial 12, double spacing (except for title page and approval sheet)

Margin: 1.5x1x1x1

Please be guided on our gsheet, I will post there some instruction, specially on

signing of documents etc., date of defense, name of panelists etc.

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