Filipino Artist and their Contribution to in the practice of their art form thus enriching artistic
Contemporary Arts expression or style.
The Order of National Artist (ONA) [ Oder ng
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining] is the highest national
recognition given to a Filipino individual who have made
significant contributions to the development of Philippine
arts. The Order of National Artist aims to recognize:
a. Filipino artists who have made significant
contributions to the cultural heritage of the country.
b. Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level
and to promote creative expression as significant to
the development of a national cultural identity; and
c. Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their
works to forge new paths and directions for future
generations of Filipino artists.
Dance – choreography, direction, performance
Music – composition, direction, performance
Theater – direction, performance, production design,
light and sound design, playwriting
Visual Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking,
photography, installation art, mixed media works,
illustrations, graphic arts, performance art, imaging
Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, literary/art criticism
Film and Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production
design, cinematography, editing, animation,
performance, new media
Architecture and Allied Arts – architecture, interior
design, landscape architecture, urban design
Design – industrial design, fashion design
How to become a National Artist of the
Philippines?
1. Living artist who are natural born Filipino citizens at
the time of nomination, as well as those who died after
the establishment of the award in1972 but were Filipino
citizens at the time of their death. Filipino who has lost
and reacquired Filipino citizenship, through dual
citizenship status for at least the minimum period of five
years, shall be eligible for nomination
2. Artist who through the content and form of their works
have contributed to building Filipino sense of
nationhood.
3. Artist who have pioneered in a mode of creative
expression or style, thus earning distinction and making
an impact on succeeding generations of artists.
4. Artist who have created a substantial and significant
body of works and/or consistently displayed excellence
5. Artist who enjoy broad acceptance through the
following:
- prestigious national and/or international recognition,
such as the Gawad CCP part sa sining, CCP Thirteen
Artists Award, and NCAA Alab ng Haraya.
- critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works
- respect and esteem from peers.
The National Artist of the Philippines
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awards or GAMABA
is an award that acknowledges folk and indigenous artist
who, despite the modern times, remain true to their
traditions. It is administered by the National Commission
of Culture and the Arts (NCCA) through Gawad sa
Manlilikha ng Bayan Committee.
 National Living Treasures Award
This award aims to support and motivate these artists to
preserve their artistic heritage for the present and future
generations.
Project of Phil. Rotary Club Republic Act No. 7355
R.A. 7355
 “Manlilikha ng Bayan”
 shall mean a citizen engaged in any traditional art
uniquely Filipino
 whose distinctive skills have reached such a high
level of technical and artistic excellence and
 have been passed on to and widely practiced by the
present generation in his/her community with the
same degree of technical and artistic competence.
How does one become a Manlilikha ng Bayan?
b. He/she must have engaged in a folk art tradition that
has been in existence and documented for at least fifty
(50) years.
c. He/she must have consistently performed or produced
over a significant period, works of superior and
distinctive quality.
d. He/she must possess a mastery of tools and materials
needed by the art, and must have an established
reputation in the art as master and maker of works of
extraordinary technical quality.
e. He/she must have passed on and/or will pass on to
other members of the community their skills in the folk
art for which the community is traditionally known.
A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a
Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate, due to age or infirmity
has left him/her incapable of teaching further his/her
craft may still be recognized if:
a. He/she had created a significant body of works and/or
has consistently displayed excellence in the practice of
his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its
development.
b. He/she has been instrumental in the revitalization of
his/her community’s artistic tradition.
c. He/she has passed on to the other members of the
community skills in the folk art for which the community
is traditionally known.
d. His/her community has recognized him/her as master
and teacher of his/her craft.
Categories:
The Award shall be given in each, but not limited to
the following categories of tradition folk arts:
a. Folk architecture,
b. Maritime transport,
c. Weaving carving,
d. Performance art,
e. Literature
f. Graphic and plastic arts,
g. Ornament,
h. Textile or fiber art,
i. Pottery and other artistic expression of traditional
culture.
Consideration shall be given to geographical distribution
and balance of artistic categories.
What are the incentives received by the awardee?
 A Manlilikha ng Bayan awardee receives:
a. Specially designed gold medallion,
b. an initial grant of P10,000 monthly stipend for
life.
In consonance with the provision of Republic Act No.
7355, which states that “the monetary grant may be
increased whenever circumstances so warrant,” the
NCCA board approved:
 an additional monthly personal allowance of P14,000
for the awardees
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awardees
 Samaon Sulaiman – is an acclaimed kudyapi master
and teacher of this instrument and is also proficient
in kulintang, agong, gandingan, palendag, and
tambul.
 Masino Intaray – is a prolific and pre-eminent epic
chanter and story teller recognized for his
outstanding mastery of various tradition musical
instruments of the Palawan people such as basal,
kulilal and bagit
 Ginaw Bilog – is a manunoo Mangyan poet who is
considered as a master of the Ambahan poetry.
 Darhata Sawabi – is a Tausug weaver of pis syabit –
the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a head cover.
 Uwang Ahadas – is a Yakan musician who is a
master of the kwintangan, kayu, and tuntungan
instruments.
 Federico Caballero – is a Sulod-Bukidnon epic
chanter from kalinog Iloilo who ceaselessly work the
documentation of the oral literature, particularly the
epics, of his people.
 Hajja Amina Appi – is recognized as a master mat
weaver among the Sama indigenous community for
her unique designs, straightness of her edging
(tabig) and fineness of her sasa and kima-kima.
 Eduardo Mutuc – is an artist from Apalit, Pampanga
who is dedicated to his life to creating religious and
secular art in silver, bronze, and wood.
 Magdalena Gamayo – Based in Pinili, Ilocos Norte,
Magdalena Gamayo took up weaving when she was
16, guided by her aunt’s patterns. She received her
first loom from her father three years later, which she
would end up using for 30 years. She taught herself
traditional patterns, such as kusikus (whirlwind),
marurup (Milky Way), and sinan paddak ti pusa
(cat’s pawprint), building on the more common
inuritan (geometric design) and sinan-sabong
(flowers)
 Teofilo Garcia – A GAMABA awardee of San Abra
who have discovered and popularized the durable
Tabungaw hat out of enlarged upo or gourd. He
hollowed out the upo/tabungaw, varnished and
polished it to make it more durable and unique
yellow sheen. In San Quitin, Abra, Teofilo Garcia
would often walk around town wearing his gourd
casques.
 Lang Dulay – is a T’boli traditional weaver of tinalak;
or T’boli made of colorful abaca fabrics.
 Salinta Monon – is a Tagabanwa-Bagobo traditional
weaver of distinct abaca fabrics called inabal.
 Alonzo Saclag – is a Kalinga master of dance and
the performing arts who mastered not only the
Kalinga musical instruments but also the dance
patterns and movements associated with his
people’s ritual.
Elements and Principles of Contemporary Art
Forms
What is Contemporary Art?
“Art made and produced by artist living today.”
J. Paul Getty Museum
It is not restricted to individual experience, but it is
reflective of the world we live in.
Artwork that is created by today’s contemporary artist
and has a world view and is sensitive to changing
times.
Appropriation – existing artworks are appropriate to
produce another artwork.
Appropriation refers to the act of borrowing or reusing
existing elements within a new work. (Hayley A. Rowe)
Performance – evolved to “emphasize spontaneous
elements of chance.” (Walker Art Center)
Interpreting various human activities such as ordinary
activities such as chores, routines, and rituals, to socially
relevant such as poverty, commercialism, and war.
Performance refers to activities that are presented
before a live audience and can combine with music,
dance, poetry, theatre, visual art, and video
Space – arts transforming space.
Site specific art forms – art form that is performed
and positioned in a specific space such as public
places.
Hybridity – usage of conventional materials, mixing
of unlikely materials to produce an artwork. E.g.,
coffee for painting, miniature sculptures using
crayons.
Technology – usage of technology in the creation
and dissemination of art works.
3 Major Contemporary Art Forms
Visual or Space Arts
- Are also known as “Space Arts” simply because the
occupy space in making and displaying them. E.g,,
painting, sculpture, and architecture.
Painting – are visual arts that are expressed either by
lines, form, texture, value, or color. It is being used as
decorations, educational.
Sculpture – expressed either by carving, shaping, or
molding. It deals mostly with the human figure, animals,
figurines, decorative lampshades and pottery.
Architecture – this visual art is expressed through
rhythmic features, such as windows, ornaments,
columns, and tile flooring.
Auditory Arts
- Are primarily heard, they are also known as “Time
Arts” because they exist in time. E.g., literature and
music.
Literature – this includes reading poems, short stories,
novels, plays, histories, biographies, and essays. It is
also known as “Fine Writing.”
Music – is a combination of sound. It is said to be the
most dynamic, most emotional, most universal, and most
abstract of all fine arts.
Combined Arts
- Also called “Performing or Performance Arts” it
combines both visual and auditory elements. They
are usually performed on stage or on screen.
Circus – a form of entertainment that generally consists
of displays of horsemanship; exhibitions by gymnasts,
aerialists, wild-animal trainers, and performing animals;
and comic pantomime by clowns.
Dance – it is based upon music or any rhythmic sound. It
is characterized by rhythm and repetition.
Opera – this is a stage drama with orchestral
accompaniment, in which is the dominant element, the
performers singing all or most of their lines.
Pantomime – it is a dramatic representation by means of
facial expressions and body movements rather than
words.
Puppet Show – a theatrical performance which uses
Puppets as characters in where in audiences perceive
like and spirit from their movement, their shape, and
other aspects of their performance.
Drama – this includes acting, directing, stage setting,
stage lighting, and public speaking.
Theatre – it is one of the oldest and most popular forms
of entertainment, in which actors perform live for an
audience on a stage or in another space designated for
the performance.
Singing – it is an individual or group interpretation of a
song or music.
Motion Picture – it is a series of images that are
projected onto a screen to create the illusion of motion.
Motion pictures – also called movies, films, or the
cinema – are one of the most popular forms of
entertainment, enabling people to immerse themselves
in an imaginary world for a short period of time.
 Online Tools for Content Development
Platform
- Refers to a program created by developers that can
be modified or reprogrammed by outside users. It is
a facility for programming or developing an
application tailored to the user’s specification.
Online Platforms
- Are online Web sites created to aid users in creating
their web content and cater to different kinds of
information such as texts, images, and videos.
- Another unique feature of online platforms is the
ability to program, modify, and access the
application remotely using the Internet.
Platform Categories
The Application Programming Interface (API) is a set
of governing protocol or rules how software elements
should communicate and interact with one another. API
is used in developing the GUI.
API Types
 Access API – this type of API runs in a remote
machine, server or computer and the application is
accessed remotely by a guest user application to
draw data and services.
 Plug-in API – this API is used in the user end.
Generally, different developers create different
applications that can be integrated of “plugged in” to
a core application and/or the GUI of these
applications.
 Runtime Environment – these APIs are platforms for
developing different applications, wherein programs
or application codes are evaluated and compiled in
the said APIs. The application codes are uploaded
or injected into the API and the API will test and run
the application code.
Common Websites that Use Plug in APIs
 YouTube – is a web site dedicated to hosting video
clips.
 Flickr – is a web site that caters to the hosting of
image.
 Twitter – is a social networking services that enables
users to send and read short messages with 140
characters.
 Facebook – is a social networking Web site that
requires the user to register an account and create a
user profile.
 Google Maps – are one of the most used APIs by
Web site developers. It is also used to indicate a
location of an establishment described on a Web
site.
Web Design Principles and Elements
To create an effective Web site or Web page, the
designer of the Web site must instill a number of
pointers. The designer should also make the Web
site eye-catching. The Web site should make the site
visitor curious so that the information presented on
the Web site is widely disseminated.
Here are the factors that greatly contribute to this
goal:
 Purpose – a Web site can be categorized primarily in
terms of the goal it aims to fulfill. Web site can be
categorized into types and function depending on
the purpose they serve the user or audience.
 Communication – when we visit a Web site, the
primary objective is to absorb as much valuable
information as possible in the shortest amount of
time.
 Typefaces – this is an essential factor in Web site
design because this is considered the most
dominant and noticeable in terms of visuals. (text
format, test style, and text)
 Colors – these enhance the experience of visitors of
the web site.
 Images – images alone placed on the Web site can
deliver a complete message that the Web site
wished to communicate to the audience.
 Navigation – refers to the facility that the audience
can use to go through the Web site and its
subpages.
 Layout – refers to the physical arrangement of the
content and elements on a Web site.
Categories that Classify a Layout
a. Grid – layouts can be useful because they will
enable the user to create sections or groups of
related information.
b. F-Pattern – based on studies, human vision flows
like the letter F.
c. Mobile – the popularity of using mobile devices in
viewing Web content is increasing. (portability and
convenience)
d. Load time – another basis for the success of a Web
site is the time that the Web site will load of appear
onto the viewers’ display device.
Web Design Using Templates and WYSIWYG
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) – it is an
application that is used to create a website either online
or offline.
 Adobe Dreamweaver – this is an offline proprietary
Web development tool offered by Adobe System.
This tool presents a wide range of tools for drag and
drop options.
 Amaya – is an open-source web site development
tool used to update documents directly on a running
Web site.
 Microsoft Expression Web – this is a proprietary
Web site development tool created by Microsoft.
 IM Creator – this is a Web site that caters to both
experienced and inexperienced users and to
creators of Websites and Web Pages.
 Wix – is another Web site that offers users to create
their own Website.
Online Presentations Tools
These applications offer the function of an image and
presentation software without the trouble of purchasing
and installing the presentation software on your device.
 Prezi – is a cloud-based application dedicated to
help you create a presentation.
 Slide Share – is considered as one of the earliest
forms of online presentation media.
 Mind Meister – is an online collaborative tool on
which different individuals can share ideas in a
common scratchpad-like workspace.
Cloud Storage – is a service wherein files from users are
stored online.
 Google Drive – this is a storage application
developed by Google.
 Dropbox – this is a file hosting and storage service
developed by Dropbox,Inc.
 Evernote – is an online note-taking and archiving
application services.
Mapping Application – Web mapping applications are
Web sites developed from geographical information
systems’ (GIS) data.
 Google Maps – is a web mapping application
developed by Google.
 Wikimapia – is a collaborative open content mapping
application.
Multimedia and ICT
Embedded Multimedia
- Multimedia is defined as the mixture of different
content forms such as texts, music, photos or
images, interactive content, animations, or videos
- It is also refreshing to as rich content because of its
abundance of variation in presenting information
- User experience is used to evaluate the
effectiveness of a product to consumers.
Categories of Multimedia
Linear – this is a multimedia type wherein the flow of the
content is predetermined by the creator. The progression
of multimedia is straightforward, like a video clip.
Nonlinear – this is a multimedia type that uses
navigation components to provide the users freedom to
move around the application and seek the information
they want. Normally, this type of multimedia prioritizes
interactivity with the audience.
Types of Multimedia
 Multimedia games and simulations
 Multimedia presentation – the information is
navigated in a sequence of slideshows and uses an
application player. Common types are video clips,
audio clips, and audio-visual slideshows
 Multimedia Navigation – this type of multimedia uses
different graphical elements and is linked to different
pages.
- the term navigation is commonly used in multimedia
to refer to how the reader or user of a work interacts
with and moves with in a multimedia work.
Application of Embedded Multimedia
 Advertisement – numerous types of advertising use
the multimedia format. The placement of
advertisements on public websites is one the newest
ways of marketing.
 Entertainment – regarded as one of the most well-
liked multimedia programs.
 Education – the use of multimedia in education has
certain standout features, like electronic books and
interactive books.
 Industrial – the use of multimedia in business and
industry affects all facets of the sector, from
management to sales.
Online Participation – this is the interaction between
users and online communities on the web. Some of
these are wikis, multiplayer games, and social
networking platforms.
Video on Demand (VOD) – are systems that enable
users to select video and audio content when they want
it. This system uses a database of videos and audio
accessed on request be the user.
4 Types of Videos on Demand Platforms
 Revenue Model
 Content Purchase Model
 Content Monetization Model
 Corporate Communication Model
Online Courseware and Tutorial
 refers to lecture videos, published by universities on
the web
 started in 1999 when the university of Tubingen in
Germany uploaded and published lecture videos of
their faculty members.
 the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) its
own Open Learning Initiative.
 this program is not just for the university, but for
everyone
 in 2012, MIT and Harvard University introduced the
edX, an online course platform that offers courses to
the public and delivers a complete course package
online
 on video-sharing Websites, such as Vimeo, Veoh,
and Youtube, users can freely upload their own
videos.
Collaboration and Team Content Development
Collaborative Development
- Building a Web site requires addressing different
aspects covering the product.
Parallelism
- is the process of collecting data or measuring the
activity of the Web site.
Web Traffic
- the number of people accessing and viewing the
Web site. Other Web sites can offer download of
files, monetary and business transactions, and chat
and messaging systems. Accessing these systems
can contribute to the data traffic or can also be
considered as part of analytics.
3 MAIN WEB TRAFFIC
 Direct traffic - This represents people who accessed
your website directly by typing the URL into the
search bar or who saved it as a bookmark.
 Referral traffic - Referral traffic is generated by
people who enter your website through a link from a
third-party website like a forum or a blog.
 Paid search - This refers to any visitors gained from
PPC platforms such as Google Ads. These are
different kinds of ads than social media ads.

- “Parallel development is working on multiple projects

Platforms for Collaboration
or features at the same time.” Google Apps for Work
Roles that a Web Development Team This is a compilation of productivity tools developed by
Essentially Requires Google. This platform is online and contains a word
processor, a spreadsheet, and a presentation program.
 Project Manager – is the leader of the group. The
project is synchronized and supervised by the Google Docs is a word processing platform. Google
project manager. Sheets is the spreadsheet platform. Google Slides is the
 Web Strategist – plans the approach or method to presentation platform.
be done. He or she plans every step that the team
should don in phases or stages of development.
 Content Specialist – is an experienced writer and
has knowledge on how to catch the attention of
reader.
 Web Designer – is the one in charge of the visual
presentation of the Web site.
 Developer – takes into account all the outputs of the
content specialist and Web designer. Essentially, the
developer will make the Web site come to life with
the pointer given by the Web designer and content
specialist.
 Inbound Marketer – the success of the Web site or
the popularity will be the responsibility of the inbound
marketer.

Project Management
- the project manager is the individual who carries out
the method of project management. By definition,
project management for ICT is the set of skills and
abilities to complete and ICT project and produce an
output.

Web Analytics
 Composition of ballet class
1.    Warm-up-  exercise that stretch the muscles
Philippine Folk Dance before trying the difficult movements.
2.    Barre Exercise- It helps the students to maintain
What is Folk dance? balance and correct placement of the body.
Folk dance are the indigenous dance of any specific ·          Plie                          
“folk “ or the common people of one place or tribe. Folk ·         Relevel
dance are related to everything of importance in our ·         Developpes
daily lives such as rituals, and occupations of specific ·         Battement Tendu
group of people ·         Battement Degage
·         Grand Battement
Characteristic of Philippine Folk Dance 3.       Center work Exercise- it is a exercises
1.    It is traditional executed in the middle of the room without any support
2.    It has an expressive behavior and adding arm and head movements.
3.    Simple and basic Rhythm ·         Port de Bras
4.    Unknown Choreographer ·         Arabesques
5.    Performs function in the life of people. ·         Suates Arabesques
  ·         Attitude
Folk dance are traditional dances found in a certain ·         Glissade
country while National dances are also traditional folk 4.       Corner Drills-  Consist of sequence of steps
dance but have a national scope while Ethnic combining big jumps, leaps and turns which covers
dances are those performed in primitive tribe and have large area or space.
retained their kinship and religious rituals. ·         Ballet walks
Example of Ethnic Dance: ·         CHASSE
a.       Ritual Dances- dances that depict ritual ·         Saute
ceremonies ·         Jete
b.       Life- Cycle Dance- refer to the cycle of human ·         Grand Jete
life like birth, courtship and even death. ·         Assemble
c.        Occupational dances- Exhibit works and
activities of human WHAT IS MODERN DANCE?
Three Major Types of Philippine folk dance · It is also known as “Contemporary dance” and
1.   Tribal dances from Cordillera It is a style of dance where dancers are free to 
2.   Lowland Christian dances express their feeling through movements without 
3.   Muslim Dance adhering to any rules in dance. With the modern
Categories of Philippine Folk Dance dance the performers use the floor or the stage as part
 Life Cycle Dance of the movements.
 Festival Dance  
Characteristic of Modern Dance:
 Occupational Dance
a.       Technique
 Joke Dance
b.       Improvisation
 Drama Dance c.       Choreography
 War Dance
 Ritual Dance CHEER DANCE
 Social Amenities Dance · Cheer dance is relatively new in the field of sports
 Game Dance and dance as it has only emerged during the year of
1990s. Cheerleading competition focuses on dance
Ballet- was taken in Italian word ”ballare” means to techniques and basic elements like stunts, and
dance and “ballo” referring to dances performed in advance gymnastic skills.
ballroom. According to Haskell it is a combination  
painting, dancing, poetry and music but according What is Cheerleading?
to Burian it is programmatic, scenic dance
accompanied with music. · Is an event that consists of cheers and organized
routines for sports team motivation, audience
Types of Ballet: entertainment and competition. The routines contain
a.    Classical Ballet- It is known for the exactness of many components of cheers, jumps, dance, gymnastic
techniques that highlights  pointed toes and turnouts, and stunting.
high extension and gracefulness and it uses traditional STREET DANCE (HIP-HOP DANCE )
mime that utilizes the technique. Hip-Hop culture- is from the African-American group
b.    Contemporary Ballet- also known as the modern of the people who were looking for a creative outlet to
ballet that mainly uses ballet step and natural vent their frustration and disappointment with the
movement to convey meaning. society. According to Aldridge and Stewart hip-hop
  developed as a “ cultural and artistic phenomenon
affecting the youth worldwide as it reflects the social,
economic, political and cultural realities and conditions
of their lives, speaking to them in a language  and
manner they understand.
Four Fundamental Characteristic of Hip- hop
Rapping- Vocal element.
Disc Jockeying – Means scratching or turn-table
recording mixing.
Break dancing
Graffiti Art- also known as the Aerosol Art.
 
What is Street Dance?
·  Hip-hop  is a dance style performed usually in the
street and it has a evolved as part of the dance culture.
It is a freestyle in nature and may be practiced in either
in studio or open space outdoor. Street dance  are
crews, freestyling and battles and it can be a way to
stay active in competitive dance and way to make to
make a living by dancing professionally.
Elements of Street Dance
Bounce or Recoil Tightening of the Body Agility and
Coordination Fun
Different Street dance Style
Old School Street Dance Style
1.    Breaking- Also known as break dancing and it is
an unstructured and highly improvisational style that
incorporates gymnastics and acrobatic movements
2.    Popping- A quick contraction and relaxation of
muscles to producing jerking of various joints.
3.    Locking- It is originally called Campbellocking
that relies on fast, distinct arms and hand movement.
 New School Street Dance Style
1.     Krumping-  rapid-fire and highly energetic moves
of the limb
2.    House- Emphasizes fast, complex footstep with
fluid movement to the torso
Street Jazz-  Combination of hip-hop dance style and
jazz dance movement
INJURY PREVENTION
·  The cause of injury is an interplay of the factors that
make an individual susceptible to the injury and
biomechanical stress experienced by the
musculoskeletal structure of human body.
1.    Programmed exercise  HOW TO AVOID PHYSICAL OVEREXERTION:
2.    Adequate recovery
3.    Appropriate Environment
4.    Proper footwear
5.    Proper warm-up
6.    Early Recognition
What is PRICE?
·  PRICE is a principle that can be used to help relieve
pain and control the inflammation. PRICE stands for:
Protect- means  to restrict the movements by using
immobilization
Rest-  time to recover
Ice- is the application of an application of cold
materials to reduce swelling nd pain.
Compress- application of elastic bandage
Elevate -  a technique that helps reduce swelling by
bringing the injured limb higher than the lever of the
heart.
SAFETY PROTOCOLS IN DANCING
What is Dehydration?
Dehydration occurs when you use or lose more fluid
than you 
 take in, and your body doesn't have enough water 
and other
fluids to carry out its normal functions.
Water makes up approximately 60% of  body weight
and is the largest  component of the human body. the 
muscles we work so hard to develop  as dancers
(skeletal muscles) are  about 73% water, your blood is 
about 93% water and even bones and  teeth contain
some water.
Symptoms of dehydration in adults and children
include:
 feeling thirsty.
 dark yellow and strong-smelling pee.
 feeling dizzy or lightheaded.
 feeling tired.
 a dry mouth, lips, and eyes.
 peeing little, and fewer than 4 times a day.
WHAT IS OVEREXERTION? 
· It occurs when people push themselves too hard
during physical activities like Dancing
 
SIGNS OF OVEREXERTION INCLUDE:
 dizziness
  feeling faint
 lightheadedness
 nausea
 shortness of breath
 thirst
 vomiting
practice good posture utilizes ergonomic workspace lift
lighter loads and use proper lifting
techniques decrease the distance you must stretch to
lift a heavy object take frequent breaks from physically
repetitive and challenging activities include strength
training and stretching in your regular exercise  routine
Hyperthermia- refers to a group of heat-related
conditions characterized by an abnormally high body
temperature in other words, the opposite of
hypothermia. The condition occurs when the body's
heat-regulation system becomes overwhelmed by
outside factors, causing a person’s internal
temperature to rise
 
To remain fit, it’s imperative that you take care of your
body properly to maintain ideal dance health. Dancing
allows you to stay active, meet new people and fall in
love with a new hobby. However, sometimes dancers
are prone to certain injuries due to the repetitive nature
of the sport. The best way to avoid injuries is by
staying strong, keeping an eye on your nutrition and
paying attention to your mental health
In Summary
It’s important to be aware of how you can avoid dance
related injuries and maintain great dance health. This
allows you to remain in great health throughout the
dance season. There are several ways to do this,
including proper rest, great nutrition, cross training,
being aware of your emotional health and
strengthening your core muscles. 

 Always wear proper shoes and attire.

 Warm up before training or performances.
 Cool down after a dance session and stretch
again.
 Don’t push yourself too far or too fast, especially if
you are a beginner.
 Concentrate on correct posture and your dance
technique.
 Developmental Stages (Middle and Late
Adolescence)
Robert Havighurst’s Developmental Task During
Adolescence:
 Achieving new and more mature relations with age
mates of both sexes.
 Achieving a masculine or feminine social role.
 Accepting one’s physiques and using one’s body
effectively
 Achieving emotional independence from parents and
other adults
 Preparing for marriage and family life and ethical
 Preparing for an economic career
 Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as
guide to behavior – developing ideology
 Desiring, accepting and achieving socially,
responsible behavior
Developmental Stages
 Pre-Natal Stage (Conception to Birth) – age when
hereditary endowments and sex are fixed and all
body features, both external and internal are
developed.
Germinal – Embryonic – Fetal
 Infancy/Toddler (Birth to 2yrs old) – foundation age
when basic behavior is organized, and many
ontogenetic maturation skills are developed.
 Early Childhood (2 to 6yrs old) – pre-gang age,
exploratory, and questioning. Language and
Elementary reasoning are acquired, and initial
socialization is experienced.
 Late Childhood (6 to 12yrs old) – gang and creativity
age when self-help skills, social skills, school skills,
and play are developed.
 Adolescence (Puberty to 18yrs old) – transition age
from childhood to adulthood when sex maturation
and rapid physical development occur resulting to
changes in ways of feeling, thinking, and acting.
 Early Adulthood (18 to 40yrs old) – age of
adjustment to new life patterns of life and roles such
as spouse, parent, and bread winner.
 Middle Adulthood (40 years to retirement) –
transition age when adjustments to initial physical
and mental decline are experienced.
 Old Age (Retirement to Death) – retirement age
when increasingly rapid physical and mental decline
are experience.
Three Stages in the Adolescence Period
Early Adolescence (12-13yrs old)
 Rapid growth and various changes.
 Adapting biological and mental development.
 Already sexually capable of reproduction.
 Acceptance of physical appearance.
Middle Adolescence (14-16yrs old)
 Achieving new and more mature relations with age
mates and both sexes.
 Achieving a masculine or feminine social role.
 Achieving emotional independence from parents and
other adults.
 Self-Reliance
Late Adolescence (17-24yrs old)
 Develop sense of consistency in your personal
identity.
 Formed attitudes, learned skills, and established
relationships.
 Planning and preparing for marriage and family life
 Preparing for economic career.
Blocking Blocks of Responsibility
 A strong sense of self-esteem
 The capacity for empathy
 Knowing right from wrong
 Developing good judgement
Living Mindfully – is like being an artist; you need the
right tools to practice your craft, and you need to
constantly refine your technique to achieve your
potential.
 Breathe Mindfully
 Listen Deeply
 Cultivate Insight
 Practice Compassion
 Limit Reactivity
 Express Gratitude
 Nurture Mutual Respect
 Foster Leadership
 Be Peace
Stress (Middle and Late Adolescence)
Stress
- is defined as a reaction of the mind and body to a
stimulus that disturbs the well-being, state of calm or
equilibrium of a person.
- Webster’s definitions describe it as an “…emotional
factor that causes bodily or mental tension.”
Stimulus/Stressor – situations that may be life
threatening or life challenges.
Healthy Stress – These types of stress can motivate,
energize, and spur an individual into fruitful action.
- Healthy stress can propel the competing individual to
perform better.
Eustress
- stress can motivate you to work harder to get what
you want. Stress can challenge and motivate you to
find creative solutions to your concerns.
Distress
- when stress becomes so overwhelming and leads to
a sense of helplessness and exhaustion.
Causes of Stress
 School Demands and Expectations – quizzes and
tests, homework and projects, oral recitation,
quarterly and final exams, and grades most
especially, epitomize the kind of stressors
adolescents have when it comes to studying.
 Selecting a School, College Course, or Career – a
high school student who just graduated faces more
demanding challenges, and the first of these are
the entrance exams to whatever school or
university, and the course that they will choose.
 Separation Anxiety – high school graduation, to
some, means a temporary ending or separation
from some of their friends. There is a possible
scenario that a best friend might move to another
place to study or mote to another school.
 College Life – the prospect of being by themselves
in a new school in college and meeting and
adjusting to new people is another cause of stress
for graduating senior students.
 Romantic Relationships or the Lack of it –
adolescents tend to feel awkward when they are in
a special relationship with someone.
 Family Demands and Expectations
 Health Concerns
 Demands of Social Life
 Bullying
Ways of Coping
Problem-Focused Coping – it refers to facing the
situation and squarely and exerting effort to solve the
problems.
Emotion-Focused Coping – refers to the responding in
an emotional way.
Avoidant Coping – this involves ignoring a problem and
hoping that it will disappear or its own (Wadswrorth et
al., 2011)
The Brain Power
The Brain
- weighs 1300-1400g
- made up of about 100 billion neurons
- the most complex living structure in the universe
(society for Neuroscience)
- makes us who we are
The 3 Major Parts of the Brain
 Brain Stem – is responsible for regulating the heart
and lungs, communications between the brain and
the peripheral nervous system (the nerves of the
body), our sleep cycle, and coordinating reflexes.
 Cerebellum – helps provide smooth, coordinated
body movement
- it has 2 layers, 2 hemispheres, and 4 lobes.
The cerebrum’s inner core houses the brain’s “white
matter.” A major part of the inner core is known as the
corpus callosum. The corpus callosum is a thick tract of
fibrous nerves that serve as a kind of switchboard
enabling the brain’s hemisphere to communicate with
one another.
Right Hemisphere – is responsible for controlling the left
side of the body. It handles spatially related tasks and
visual understanding.
Left Hemisphere – is responsible for controlling the right
side of the body. It handles language, reasoning, logic
and speech.
Frontal Lobe – is located in the front of the brain, running
from your forehead to your ears.
Occipital Lobe – is located in the back of the brain. It is
considered the brain’s “visual processing center”
Temporal Lobe – is located behind and below the frontal
lobe (beneath the parietal lobe), under the lateral fissure.
Neutrons – inside the cortex of the brain are billions of
tiny nerve cells called neutrons.
- the nerve cells have branches connecting to them to
other cells in a compliced network
- with thsese brain cells, allow us to think and solve
problems
- when we challenge our mind to learn more, our brain
cells also grow
- when we do, the things that we found hard will
become easy
- the result is a stronger, smarter brain
Personal Relationship
- refers to the association and close connections
between people, formed by emotional bonds and
interactions.
Family – is defined as “two or more persons who are
related by birth, marriage, or adoption, and who live
together as one household.
 Friendship – can be thought of a close tie between Ancient Greeks studied love and denoted each type by
two people that is often built upon mutual giving one a Greek name. Lee (1973)
experiences, shared interests, proximity, and
emotional bonding. Philia (Affectionate Love) – a love that run deep in true
friendships
Three types of friendship according to Parker and
Asher (1993): Storge (Familiar Love) – love of the child (childhood and
childhood friends)
- Acquantances
- Companions Pragma (Enduring Love) – mature love that has endured
- Intimates or Bestfriend decades

Romantic partenerships – including marriage, are close
relationships formed between two peopl that are built
upon affection, trust, intimacy, and romantic love.
Healthy relationships are vital component of health and
wellbeing.
Three Brain Systems of Love or Stages of
Falling in Love
Lust – refers to an urge or desire that motivates us to
partakes in sexual activity.
Attraction – is described as the love-struck phase. This
is the stage when a person loses sleep and appetite
over someone and become excited to someone while
daydreaming of a special person.
Factors of Attraction
1. Physical Attractiveness – is one of the primary
determinants of romantic attraction.
2. Proximity – people tend to get attracted to people
who are geographically closer to them.
3. Similarity – people tend to pick partners who are
similar to themselves.
4. Reciprocity – people tend to like others who
reciprocate their liking.
Eros (Romantic Love) – personal infatuation showing
passion
Ludus (Playful Love) – begenning stages of intimate love
Mania (Obsessive Love) – possessiveness or madness
over a partner
Philautia (Self Love) – empathetic way of loveing oneself
and others
Agape (Selfless Love) – empathetic way of loving
oneself and others
Commitment
Being commited in a relationship is to make a promise,
pledge and a decision to stay together despite the twists
and turns encounter in the relationship.
According to Goddard, there are three dimensions of
commitment in intimate relationships.
1. Commitment as an attraction or the “want to” aspect.
2. Commitment as a moral obligation or the “ought to”
aspect
3. Commitment as a constraint or the “have to” aspect

Attachment – is a deep and enduring emotional bond

that connects one person to another across space and
time.

Love is a Choice

You express your love for another person not because

you are forced to do so but because you have decided to
share yourself with another person.

The three components can be defined as follows:

Intimacy – involve liking, feeling of closeness

connectedness, and bonding resulting from genuinely
knowing the other person

Passion – feelings of romance, physical attraction and

sexual consummation in the relationship

Commitment – shared investments, or the “history” of

the relationship such as decisions and adjustments.