ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y

20 üyã≈˛ñ 2012
öÓ˛õÎ≈yÎ˚ 12¢ Ó£Ï≈ñ 3Î˚ §Çáƒy

§)!ã˛˛õe §¡õyòܲ#Î˚
Ó§hsˇÜ˛y° ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ– ã˛y!Ó˚!òˆÏܲ ÷ܲˆÏöy
l ˛õ%Ó˚ˆÏöy xyˆÏ°yܲ!ã˛e ÈÙÙÙÙÈ ôÓ˚üòy§ •zö!fiê˛!ê˛í˛z¢ö 4
í˛yˆÏ° °y° !¢ü%°ñ ˛õ°yˆÏ¢Ó˚ !û˛ˆÏí˛¸ üyˆÏé˛
l ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ ܲyÎ≈!ÓÓÓ˚î#ÈÙÈ1 5
üyˆÏ鲕z ܲ!ã˛ §Ó%ç ˛õyï˛yÓ˚ çÎ˚àyö– ~ ÓyˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚
l üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy Ä xyàyü# ≤Ãçß√ §%Ó˚Oö !üˆÏj 8 ≤ÃFåȈÏòÓ˚ åÈ!Ó ˆ§•z Óyï≈˛y•z !òˆÏFåÈ–
l öÓyˆÏÓÓ˚ ˆü!ê˛Î˚yÓ%Ó˚&ç ˆòÓÓ ï˛ ü!Õ‘Ü˛ 11 àï˛ üyˆÏ§Ó˚ üï˛ ~ üyˆÏ§Ä ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
l ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚ flø,!ï˛ôöƒ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ ò¢≈ö#Î˚ fliyö !Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲ !ܲå%È ˆ°áy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ
§yÎ˚hsˇö üç%üòyÓ˚ 16 í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ ¢ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ í˛z˛õö#ï˛ Ü˛ƒy°Ü˛yê˛y
l Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ Ä xyçÈÙÈܲy°ÈÙÈ˛õÓ˚÷Ó˚ ˆåÈyê˛à“ x!üÎ˚ òy§ 19 •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ ܲyçܲü≈– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
l §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ §üyç Ó˚Ó#wÜ%˛üyÓ˚ ¢#° 21 ˆàˆÏçˆÏê˛ •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yfiê˛ §Çe´yhsˇ ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È
l !ã˛e!¢“# öˆÏÓ˚wöyÌ ü!Õ‘Ü˛ ˆçƒy!ï˛≤çyò Ó˚yÎ˚ 26 ˆ°áy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z üy§ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÎ=!°Ó˚
l ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò xï˛#ö ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ û˛y£Ïî 29 ôyÓ˚yÓy!•Ü˛ xö%Óyò ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
l ê˛∆yˆÏü !Ó¢ !ü!öê˛ üî#wöyÌ xy¢ 31 ~ ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓyˆÏçê˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Óí˛¸
≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓòö–
l ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ÓyˆÏçê˛ ≠ 2012ÈÙÈ13 33
§ˆÏD !öÎ˚!üï˛ !Óû˛yà=!° ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
l ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y !Ó!ã˛ey 38
!Ó!ã˛eyñ @ˇÃsi ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ •zï˛ƒy!òÄ Ìyܲ°–
l ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ !àç≈yÓ˚ •z!ï˛•y§ üô%åÈ®y ˜üe 42
l ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy §ÇÓyò 45

≤ÃFåÈò !ã˛e ≠ x!öÓ≈yî Óƒyöy!ç≈

í˛z˛õˆÏò‹Ty ü[˛°# ≠ ˆòÓy!¢§ û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ñ ÷û˛y!¢§Ï ˜üe Ä xy¢#£Ï ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚

≤Ãôyö §¡õyòܲ ≠ ¢•#ò%° •z§°yü • §¡õyòܲ ≠ xÓ˚&îÜ%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ • §•ˆÏÎyà# ≠ ï˛Ó˚&î ˆ§ö=Æñ !ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ˆàyfl∫yü#ñ
§%çyï˛y ˛õysi# §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ Ä xöy!òÜ,˛£è ö®#
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚ ˛˛õˆÏ«˛ xÓ˚&îÜ%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ܲï,≈˛Ü˛ñ 1 •à !flT…ê˛ñ •à !Ó!”˛Ç S4Ì≈ ï˛°Vñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÈÙÈ700 087ñ
ò)Ó˚û˛y£Ï 2286ÈÙÈ1302ñ ú˛ƒy: öÇ ÈÙÈ 2286ÈÙÈ1013ñ ••zˆÏï˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛
Ä ï˛Íܲï,≈˛Ü˛ öÓˆÏ≤ç ≤ÃyÉ !°Éñ 66 ˆ@ˇÃ !flT…ê˛ñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ÈÙÈ 700 006 ••zˆÏï˛ ü%!oï˛–
Published by Sri Arunkumar Roy on behalf of Kolkata Municipal Corporation
from 1, Hogg Street, Hogg Building (3rd Floor), New Market, Kolkata-700 087,
Phone - 2286-1302, Fax - 2286-1013 and printed from
Nabapress Pvt. Ltd. 66, Grey Street, Kolkata-700 006
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ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012

ôÓ˚üòy§ •zö!fiê˛!ê˛í˛z¢öñ ܲy°#âyê˛

1†10†1927 ï˛y!Ó˚ˆÏáÓ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y !üí˛z!ö!§˛õƒy° ˆàˆÏçˆÏê˛ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛
 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ ܲyÎ≈!ÓÓÓ˚î#ÈÙÈ1
!§ ~•zã˛ ˆÓyü˛õy§
!§ ~§ xy•zñ ú˛ü≈y° ˆã˛Î˚yÓ˚üƒyöñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yfiê˛
Óƒy ˛õܲ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô ÓƒÓfliy Ìyܲy §ˆÏ_¥Ä 1896 §yˆÏ° ˆ≤’à
åÈí˛¸y° ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ¢•ˆÏÓ˚– ˆÓ˚yà!ê˛ ü•yüyÓ˚#Ó˚ xyܲyÓ˚ ôyÓ˚î
ܲÓ˚°– 1900 ˆÌˆÏܲ 1905 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ 7ñ000 •yçyÓ˚
ˆ°yܲ ˆ≤’ˆÏà xye´yhsˇ •ˆÏÎ˚ üyÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ ~Ó˚ ≤ÈÏܲy˛õ ô#ˆÏÓ˚ ô#ˆÏÓ˚
•…y§ ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ–
§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ò¢≈ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xÓfliyÓ˚ åÈ!Ó!ê˛ flõ‹T •ˆÏÎ˚
ĈÏ벖 1896 §yˆÏ° ~ܲ!ê˛ ˆü!í˛ˆÏܲ° ܲ!ü¢ö ~•z xÓfliy=!°Ó˚ ï˛òhsˇ
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ~•z ï˛Ìƒ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ú˛°fl∫Ó˚*˛õ 1897 §yˆÏ° Úܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
!Ó!”˛Ç ܲ!ü¢öÛ à!ë˛ï˛ •Î˚– ~•z ܲ!ü¢ö !Ó˚ˆÏ˛õyê≈˛ ˆòÎ˚ ˆÎ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚
!Ó!”˛Ç ~ÓÇ Ó˚yhflÏy §Çe´yhsˇ xy•zö=!°Ó˚ !ܲå%È §ÇˆÏ¢yôö ܲÓ˚y ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö–
!ӈϢ£Ï ˆ«˛ˆÏe ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö •ˆÏ° ܲˆÏë˛yÓ˚û˛yˆÏÓ xy•zöˆÏܲ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yà ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ– ܲ!ü¢ö ~•z ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ e´üÓô≈üyö çö§Çáƒy ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏôÓ˚
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ï˛yÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ˆÏï˛Ä üˆÏöyˆÏÎyà ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy ӈϰˆÏåÈö ~ÓÇ
~ܲ!ê˛ •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yfiê˛ àë˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚yü¢≈ !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– ˆÓy¡∫y•zˆÏï˛ ~•z
~ܲ•z §üyôyö @ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– 1898 §yˆÏ° ˆÓy¡∫y•z •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛
ê˛∆yfiê˛ à!ë˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ï˛ˆÏÓ ï˛Í«˛îyÍ ï˛yÓ˚y ܲyç ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚!ö– §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛ ~•z ܲ!ü¢ö ï˛áö•z !ë˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ° ܲ#
ܲ# ܲyç •yˆÏï˛ ˆöˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ó˚ܲü ܲy°!Ó°¡∫ öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ~•z
ê˛∆yfiê˛ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ çöƒ ܲï˛Ü˛=!° ≤Ãܲ“ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ï˛ï˛áy!ö ˆ§Ôû˛yàƒ •Î˚!ö– ˆÓyˆÏ¡∫ˆÏï˛ !Óhfl,Ïï˛ §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚
ç!ü í˛zߨ!ï˛Ü˛ˆÏ“ ê˛∆yfiê˛ˆÏܲ ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ~ÓÇ §)ã˛öy ˛õˆÏÓ≈•z ˆây!£Ïï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°ñ í˛zß¨ï˛ ç!ü ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÎ °yû˛ •ˆÏÓ ï˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˆÓyˆÏ¡∫
!üí˛z!ö!§˛õƒy!°!ê˛ Óyͧ!Ó˚ܲ ~ܲê˛y xö%òyö ˆòˆÏÓ ˆÎê˛y í˛zߨ!ï˛ü)°Ü˛
ܲü≈§)!ã˛ˆÏï˛ ÓƒÎ˚ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÓ–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ x!ôÜ,˛ï˛ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ç!ü ˛õyܲy˛õy!ܲû˛yˆÏÓ ˛õyÄÎ˚y
ÎyÎ˚!ö– ï˛ˆÏÓ ê˛yܲy ˛õyÄÎ˚y !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– Îáö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y í˛zߨ!ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚
fl∫≤¿ ˆòá°ñ ï˛áö ï˛yˆÏܲ !öˆÏçˆÏܲ•z í˛zˆÏòƒyà# •ˆÏï˛ •°– xöƒ !òˆÏܲ
û˛yÓ˚ï˛ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ xyM˛È!°Ü˛ í˛zߨ!ï˛Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ xyÎ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ xö%òyö
ˆòÄÎ˚y Ó¶˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏ°ö– ~•z !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ ÓåÈÓ˚ Óyܲ !Óï˛[˛y ã˛°°–
ï˛ï˛!òˆÏö ˆ≤’à ˆ¢£Ï •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà° ~ÓÇ !ܲå%È•z •° öy– ~ê˛y•z ã˛°ï˛ñ
Î!ò öy !§ü°yÓ˚ xÌ≈òƈÏÓÓ˚ ˚ ~ܲçö Óyäy!° x!ú˛§yÓ˚ §•yö%û˛) !ï˛¢#°ï˛y
ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆÌˆÏܲ fli°˛õˆÏÌ Ä ç°˛õˆÏÌ ˆÎ ˛õyê˛ Ó˚Æy!ö ܲÓ˚y
•Î˚ ï˛yÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ Ó§yˆÏöyÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö– ~•z Ó˚Æy!öÓ˚ çöƒ
ÓåȈÏÓ˚ xyê˛ °«˛ ê˛yܲy ܲÓ˚ ôyÎ≈ •° ~ÓÇ ~•z x!ï˛!Ó˚_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÓyé˛y
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ˛õí˛¸°–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
1911 §yˆÏ° ˆÓD° xƒyQ myÓ˚y ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yfiê˛
xy•zöàï˛ û˛yˆÏÓ fliy!˛õï˛ •°– ï˛ˆÏÓ 1912 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 2 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ ~!ê˛Ó˚
x!hflÏc ≤Ãܲy¢ ˆ˛õ°–
~àyˆÏÓ˚y çö §ò§ƒ !öˆÏÎ˚ ~•z ˆÓyˆÏí≈˛Ó˚ ê˛∆y!fiê˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •°– §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚
ˆã˛Î˚yÓ˚üƒyöˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚yà ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö– xÓ§Ó˚≤ÃyÆ x!ú˛§yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚
ˆã˛Î˚yÓ˚üƒyö ˛õˆÏò !öˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛ •ˆÏ°ö–
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ö !ï˛öçö §ò§ƒˆÏܲ !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚°– ˆÓD° ˆã˛¡∫yÓ˚
xú˛ ܲü≈yˆÏ§Ó˚ ˛õ«˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ܲçö §ò§ƒˆÏܲ !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚y •°–
§Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚çö §ò§ƒˆÏܲ !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚°–
ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ Óy!£Ï≈ܲ xyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ çöƒ !ö¡¨!°!áï˛ !Ó£ÏÎ˚=ˆÏ°y xhs≈ˇû%˛_´ •°–
1. ¢ï˛Ü˛Ó˚y ò%•z û˛yà x!Ó˚!ï˛_´ ܲÓ˚ Ó§yˆÏöy •° !Ó!û˛ß¨
Îsf˛õy!ï˛ñ í˛z˛õ•yÓ˚ Óy xÈÙÈ•hflÏyhsˇÓ˚ˆÏÎyàƒ §¡õ!_ Ó¶˛Ü˛ !ܲÇÓy ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
!üí˛z!ö!§˛õƒy!°!ê˛Ó˚ üôƒ!fliï˛ ç!üÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓƒ xyÎ˚ ôÓ˚y •° ÓåȈÏÓ˚
~ܲ °«˛ ê˛yܲy–
2. ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆÌˆÏܲ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ 30 !í˛!@ˇÃ x«˛ˆÏÓ˚áyÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ ˆÎ §Ó fliyö Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆ§áyˆÏö ˆÓ˚° Óy ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ÎyöÓy•ˆÏöÓ˚
ˆ«˛ˆÏe üyÌy!˛õå%È Îye#ˆÏòÓ˚ xyô ˛õÎ˚§y ܲÓ˚ !òˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ~Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ
§Ω˛yÓƒ xyÎ˚ ôÓ˚y •° ÓåȈÏÓ˚ 2 °«˛ ê˛yܲy–
3. ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ ˛õyˆÏê˛Ó˚ ˆày°y !˛õå%È ò% xyöy Ó˚Æy!ö ܲÓ˚ ~ÓÇ ÓyˆÏÓ˚y
xyöy ≤Ã!ï˛ ê˛ö ˛õyˆÏê˛Ó˚ í˛zͲõyòö ܲÓ˚– §Ω˛yÓƒ xyÎ˚ ôÓ˚y •° ÓåȈÏÓ˚
xyê˛ °«˛ ê˛yܲy–
4. ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢öˆÏܲ ¢ï˛Ü˛Ó˚y ò%•z û˛yà ܲÓ˚ !òˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
§Ω˛yÓƒ !•ˆÏ§Ó ÓåȈÏÓ˚ §yˆÏí˛¸ §yï˛ °«˛ ê˛yܲy–
5. ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ ˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ ˛õM˛Èy¢ °«˛ ê˛yܲy ~ÓÇ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ˆòí˛¸ °«˛
ê˛yܲy ܲÓ˚ xyòyÎ˚–
§Ω˛yÓƒ Óyͧ!Ó˚ܲ xyÎ˚ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ Ü%˛!í˛¸ °«˛ ê˛yܲy xÌÓy ˛õˆÏöˆÏÓ˚y
°«˛ ê˛yܲy– ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy •° ˆÎ Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ Óy!£Ï≈ܲ Ó˚yçfl∫ xyàyü# £Ïyê˛
ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ Îáö ê˛∆yfiê˛ §ü,k˛¢y°# •ˆÏÎ˚
í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ï˛áö ˆ§ !Ó¢ ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ï˛yÓ˚ ܲyç §¡õ)î≈ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ– ê˛∆y!fiê˛Ó˚y !•ˆÏ§Ó !òˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ˆÎ ~•z ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ çöƒ áÓ˚ã˛ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏÓ
ܲü˛õˆÏ«˛ §yï˛ˆÏܲy!ê˛ Óy 5ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ~ˆÏܲÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚ ¢ï˛yÇ¢ !ü!°Î˚yö ˛õyí˛zu˛–
ê˛∆yfiê˛ à!ë˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°ñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛ ~ÓÇ xyÎ˚ï˛ö Ó,!k˛
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öyö%ÎyÎ˚# öï%˛ö ~°yܲyˆÏï˛ Ó§!ï˛ fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ !â!O
~°yܲy ú˛yÑܲy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ~ÓÇ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ û˛y°û˛yˆÏÓ Ÿªy§ ˆöÄÎ˚yÓ˚ çöƒñ
xÓ§Ó˚ !ÓˆÏöyòˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ ~ܲê%˛ ú˛yÑܲy çyÎ˚àyÓ˚ ӈϮyÓhflÏ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ñ
5
àÓ˚#ÓˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ%ö≈Óy§ö ~ÓÇ ◊!üܲˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ xyÓy§ö ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛–
~•z í˛zˆÏj¢ƒ=!° §ú˛° ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ê˛∆yfiê˛ˆÏܲ «˛üï˛y ≤Ãòyö ܲÓ˚y
•° ܲï˛Ü˛=!° í˛zߨÎ˚öü)°Ü˛ ܲü≈§)!ã˛ @ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– ~•z ܲü≈§)!ã˛ ò%•z
Ó˚ܲˆÏüÓ˚ÈÙȧyôyÓ˚î í˛zߨ!ï˛ü)°Ü˛ ܲü≈§)!ã˛– ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆöyÇÓ˚y ~°yܲy=ˆÏ°y
˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y ~ÓÇ Ó˚yhflÏy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚y– ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ û˛yˆÏÓ í˛zߨ!ï˛ üyˆÏö
•° Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ xyˆÏ¢˛õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ Ó˚yhflÏy=ˆÏ°y ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y ~ÓÇ Ó˚yhflÏy=!°Ó˚
üˆÏôƒ ˆÎyàyˆÏÎyà fliy˛õö ܲÓ˚y– xˆÏ˛õ«˛yÜ,˛ï˛ xÓfliy˛õߨ ˆ°yˆÏܲˆÏòÓ˚
ˆòáyÓ˚ çöƒ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ö Óy fl∫yfliƒ !Óû˛yˆÏàÓ˚ x!ú˛§yÓ˚ xÌÓy
˛õÑ!ã˛¢çö fliyö#Î˚ Óy!§®y !öˆÏÎ˚ à!ë˛ï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛!ü!ê˛Ó˚ •yˆÏï˛ «˛üï˛y
ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÓ ÎyˆÏï˛ ï˛yÓ˚y ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ ܲyçܲˆÏü≈Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ öçÓ˚òy!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ~•z «˛üï˛y ܲáöÄ•z ~ܲ•z Óƒ!_´Ó˚ •yˆÏï˛ ÌyܲˆÏÓ öy– ~•zê%˛Ü%˛
åÈyí˛¸y xöƒyöƒ ˆ«˛ˆÏe §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ò%•z ˆ◊!îˆÏܲ ê˛∆yfiê˛ xy°yòy ˆã˛yˆÏá
ˆòáˆÏÓ öy– ç!ü §Çà,•#ï˛ •°ñ Ó˚yhflÏy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •° ~ÓÇ í˛zm,_˛ ç!ü
öï%˛öï˛ Ó˚yhflÏy ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ çöƒ !Ó!e´ ܲÓ˚y •°– í˛zm,_ ç!üÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚
~ÓÇ òyü Óyí˛¸ˆÏ° !Ó!e´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏܲ •zÇÓ˚yçÓ˚y xy•zö í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚
xD ӈϰ üˆÏö ܲˆÏÓ˚– 1876 §y° ˆÌˆÏܲ ~•z ˛õk˛!ï˛ ã˛°ˆÏï˛ ÌyˆÏܲ–
•zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ xÌ≈˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ !û˛ï˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ~•z ö#!ï˛!ê˛
~ܲ!ê˛ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ û)˛!üܲy @ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°–
ˆÎ !Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢ !Óï≈˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ §,!‹T •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˆ§ê˛y
•° ˆÜ˛yö ¢ˆÏï≈˛Ó˚ !û˛!_ˆÏï˛ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ç!ü í˛zߨÎ˚öü)°Ü˛ ܲü≈§)!ã˛Ó˚ çöƒ
x!ô@ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÓ– û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ Îáö ˆÜ˛yöÄ ç!ü çöfl∫yˆÏÌ≈
Óyôƒï˛yü)°Ü˛ û˛yˆÏÓ x!ô@ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚y •ï˛ ï˛áö ï˛yÓ˚ Óyçy!Ó˚ ü)°ƒˆÏܲ
Îyã˛y•z ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ xyˆÏÓ˚y 15 ¢ï˛yÇ¢ «˛!ï˛˛õ)Ó˚î ˆòÄÎ˚y •ï˛–
~•z !öÎ˚ü!ê˛ •zLjÏÓ˚çˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ˆÏ§!åÈ°– !ܲv Úòƒ •yí˛z!§Ç xú˛ òƒ
ÄÎ˚y!Ü≈˛Ç Üœ˛yˆÏ§§ xƒyQ ˛õyê≈˛ !Ì ÛˆÏï˛ ˆòáy ˆàˆÏåÈ ˆÎ Îáö Ó!hflÏ
x!ô@ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚y •ï˛ ï˛áö ˆÜ˛yö «˛!ï˛˛õ)Ó˚î ˆòÄÎ˚y •ï˛ öy– ~•z ˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈Ó˚
ö#!ï˛ xö%ÎyÎ˚# Úܲƒy°Ü˛yê˛y xƒyQÛ í˛zߨÎ˚öü)°Ü˛ ܲü≈§)!ã˛Ó˚ çöƒ §Çà,•#ï˛
ç!üÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ¢ï˛Ü˛Ó˚y 15 û˛yà «˛!ï˛˛õ)Ó˚î !òˆÏï˛ xfl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°–
˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈•z xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆÎ §yôyÓ˚î í˛zߨÎ˚öü)°Ü˛ ܲü≈§)!ã˛
xö%§yˆÏÓ˚ ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ ≤Ãôyö ܲyç !åÈ° Ó!hflÏ ~°yܲy=ˆÏ°yˆÏܲ !ö!ÿ˛•´ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ˆòÄÎ˚y– ˆÎáyˆÏö üy!°Ü˛Ó˚y ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ç!ü !ò!FåÈ° í˛zߨ!ï˛Ó˚ çöƒñ ˆ§áyˆÏö
~•zû˛yˆÏÓ e´üyàï˛ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !ö!ÿ˛•´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yê˛y x§•ö#Î˚ !åÈ°– ~ê˛y
§!ï˛ƒ ˆÎñ Îáö ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ ç!ü ˆöÄÎ˚y •!FåÈ° ï˛y xˆÏöܲ
ܲü– !ܲv Îáö ~ܲê˛y öï%˛ö Ó˚yhflÏy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •!FåÈ° ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÎyöÓy•ö
ã˛°yã˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ çöƒñ ï˛áö ~ê˛y á%Ó•z ò%û≈˛yàƒçöܲ ˆÎ ÎyÓ˚ ç!ü Ä•z
Ó˚yhflÏyÓ˚ üyˆÏ˛õÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ ï˛yˆÏܲ ˆÜ˛ö §üyö «˛!ï˛˛õ)Ó˚î ˆòÄÎ˚y
•ˆÏÓ öyñ ˆÎáyˆÏö çöfl∫yˆÏÌ≈ ï˛y ÓƒÓ•*ï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
ˆòáy !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ §ü@ˇÃ ܲü≈§)!ã˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ Ó˚yhflÏy ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚
!Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ ≤Ãôyö •ˆÏÎ˚ òyÑ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– 1920 §yˆÏ° ~ܲ!ê˛ §ÇˆÏ¢y!ôï˛ !Ó°
≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •° ÎyÓ˚ ú˛ˆÏ° §Ó≈ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe x!ï˛!Ó˚_´ ¢ï˛Ü˛Ó˚y 15 ¢ï˛yÇ¢
ê˛yܲy !òˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ê˛∆yfiê˛ˆÏܲ–
2 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ 1912 §yˆÏ° ê˛∆yfiê˛ ~ܲê˛y ˛õ)î≈ x!hflÏc °yû˛ ܲÓ˚Ï°–
ˆÎáyˆÏö•z ê˛∆yfiê˛ ˆ§áyˆÏö•z ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y– ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ Óy!£Ï≈ܲ xyÎ˚ ˆÓ¢
§ˆÏhsˇy£Ïçöܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰– ≤ß¿ê˛y •°ñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛Ó˚ çöƒ ~ÓÇ
!Óhfl,Ï!ï˛Ó˚ çöƒ ܲ# ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ü˛ü≈§)!ã˛ !åÈ° öyñ !åÈ° öy
6 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ˆÜ˛yö !ܲå%ÈÓ˚•z •z!Dï˛– §ü@ˇÃ ܲü≈§)!ã˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÜ˛yöê˛y ˆÓ!¢ °yû˛çöܲ
ˆ§ê˛y á%шÏç ˆÓÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yê˛y•z !åÈ° ¢_´– ˛õ!Ó˚!fli!ï˛ ~üö áyÓ˚y˛õ •ˆÏÎ˚
òyÑí˛¸y° ˆÎ §Ω˛yÓƒ í˛zߨÎ˚ö ≤Ãܲ“=ˆÏ°y §#üy•#ö– ˆÎ=ˆÏ°y !ö!ÿ˛ï˛
û˛yˆÏÓ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö !åÈ° ˆ§=ˆÏ°y ܲÓ˚y §Ω˛Ó •Î˚!ö– ÷ô% ˆ§=!°•z §Ω˛Ó
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆÎ=!°ˆÏï˛ §ˆÏhsˇy£Ïçöܲ xÌ≈ xyö%Ü%˛°ƒ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ˆàˆÏåÈ–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y Îï˛ò)Ó˚ !ã˛öï˛yüñ ¢•Ó˚!ê˛ !åÈ° ú˛ƒyQ!Ó˚ ~ÓÇ •zfiê˛
•z!u˛Î˚y ˆÜ˛y¡õy!öÓ˚ ˆÜ˛Õ‘y !òˆÏÎ˚ §!Iï˛– x‹Tyò¢ ¢ï˛y∑#Ó˚ ≤ÃÌüyˆÏô≈
˛õyÑã˛ °«˛ ˆ°yܲ öï%˛ö ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ Ó§Óy§ ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚Ï°– ï˛yÓ˚y
!öˆÏçÓ˚y•z üy!ê˛ xyÓ˚ ÓyÑ¢ !òˆÏÎ˚ ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ !ã˛Ó˚hsˇö Ü%˛!ê˛Ó˚ !öü≈yî ܲÓ˚°–
@ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸=ˆÏ°y ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ!“ï˛û˛yˆÏÓ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ öÎ˚– Óy!í˛¸=ˆÏ°y ~!òܲ
Ä!òܲ åÈí˛¸yˆÏöy xyÓ˚ §Ó˚& §Ó˚& ˛õÌ !òˆÏÎ˚ xy°yòy ܲÓ˚y– ~•z ˛õÌ=ˆÏ°y
xyÓyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ àç xhsˇÓ˚ §üˆÏܲyˆÏî ˆÓшÏܲ ˆàˆÏåÈ– xÌã˛ ˆú˛yê≈˛ §Ç°@¿
•zí˛zˆÏÓ˚y!˛õÎ˚yöˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yÎ˚yê≈˛yÓ˚=!° §%®Ó˚û˛yˆÏÓ ˜ï˛!Ó˚– ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚
!òˆÏܲ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸=!° 1780 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ Óî≈öy xö%ÎyÎ˚#ñ åÈí˛¸yˆÏöy
~ÓÇ •zï˛hflÏï˛ !Ó!«˛Æ Óy!í˛¸=!°ñ ã˛y°y=!°ñ Ó˚yhflÏyñ à!°ñ §Ó˚&à!°ñ
çyö°yñ §Ó˚&öy°yñ ç°yôyÓ˚ ~ܲ§ˆÏD çê˛ ˛õy!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ˆöyÇÓ˚y ~ÓÇ ò)!£Ïï˛
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ §,!‹T ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°–
xÓfliyÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛ •ˆÏ° ~•z üy!ê˛Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ üy!°Ü˛Ó˚y Óy!í˛¸ ˜Ïï˛!Ó˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆ§•z ~ܲ•z çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ñ ú˛ˆÏ° §Çܲ#î≈ï˛ü •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ à!°=ˆÏ°y–
í˛z_Ó˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ !ÓhflÏ#î≈ ~°yܲyÓ˚ xˆÏô≈ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÓ!¢ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ã˛yܲy
ã˛y°yˆÏöy ˆÜ˛yöÄ ÎyöÓy•ö ã˛°yã˛° ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy– ~üöܲ# ˆÎáyˆÏö
Óy!í˛¸=!°Ó˚ xÓfliy xˆÏ˛õ«˛yÜ,˛ï˛ û˛y°ñ ˆ§áyˆÏö ~á!ê˛ Óyäy!° ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚
˜˛õï,˛Ü˛ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏܲ ~üöû˛yˆÏÓ xyÑܲˆÏí˛¸ ÌyˆÏܲñ Îï˛«˛î öy Óy!í˛¸ê˛y ôùǧ
•ˆÏFåÈ– Óyï˛y§ ~ÓÇ §)Î≈yˆÏ°yÜ˛Ä ì%˛Ü˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy– Ü%˛ÑˆÏí˛¸âÓ˚ xyÓ˚
˛õyܲyÓy!í˛¸ñ í˛zû˛Î˚•z xfl∫yfliƒÜ˛Ó˚– ܲyÓ˚î çyÎ˚ày=!° §Ñƒyï˛§ÑƒyˆÏï˛ñ ï˛yÓ˚y
ˆÎö ˆ≤’ˆÏàÓ˚ ç#Óyî% Ó•öܲy!Ó˚ Ó®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ •zÑò%Ó˚–
˛õ%Ó˚ˆÏöy üyÓ˚yë˛y ˛õ!Ó˚áy xM˛È°È ÙÙÙÙÈÈ~ê˛y•z •° ÎÌ≈yÌ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛yÈÙÈÙÙÙÙÈ
~•zê˛ ˆflÒyÎ˚yÓ˚ ~°yܲyÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ˆú˛yÓ˚ ˆflÒyÎ˚yÓ˚ ì%˛ˆÏܲ ˆàˆÏåÈ ˆÜ˛Õ‘y xyÓ˚
ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ üyˆÏë˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ– û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y xM˛È°ê˛yÓ˚
í˛z_ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xô≈yÇ¢ xÌ≈yÍ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ˆú˛yÓ˚ ˆflÒyÎ˚yÓ˚ üy•z° çyÎ˚ày ç%ˆÏí˛¸ àˆÏí˛¸
í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ°–
Óƒy˛õܲ í˛zߨ!ï˛ °«˛ ܲÓ˚y ˆà° |ö!ÓÇ¢ ¢ï˛y∑#ˆÏï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚flÀ%ï˛
˛õyö#Î˚ ç° §Ó˚ÓÓ˚yˆÏ•Ó˚ ÓƒÓfliy •° ~ÓÇ §ˆÏhsˇy£Ïçöܲ ˛õÎ˚É≤Ãîy°#
˜ï˛!Ó˚ •°– âê˛öy e´ˆÏü ˛õy•z˛õ °y•zö Ó§yˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ à!°ñ â%Ñ!çñ §Ó˚&
Ó˚yhflÏyÓ˚Ä í˛zߨ!ï˛ •°– ï˛ˆÏÓ ≤Ãôyö Ó˚yhflÏy=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ •y° ~ܲ•z Ó˚ܲü Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚
!àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ~•z ¢ï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ≤ÃÌü ï,˛ï˛#Î˚yˆÏô≈ °ê˛y!Ó˚ ܲ!ü!ê˛ ˆfiê˛ê˛ °ê˛y!Ó˚
ú˛yu˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ê˛yܲy §Ç@ˇÃ• ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ܲå%È Ü˛yç ܲÓ˚Ï°– ~•z ܲ!ü!ê˛ öò#Ó˚
ôyÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲê˛y ã˛Äí˛¸y Ó˚yhflÏy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚°– í˛z_Ó˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲüye
û˛y° Ó˚yhflÏy!ê˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •°– ܲï˛Ü˛=!° ˆã˛ÔˆÏܲy ú˛yÑܲy í˛zß√%_´ çyÎ˚ày Ó˚yáy
•° ˆÎ=!° ~•z ܲÇ!e´ê˛ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üÓ˚&û)˛!üˆÏï˛ üÓ˚*òƒyˆÏöÓ˚ üï˛ åÈyÎ˚y
ˆòˆÏÓ– 1836 §yˆÏ° ~!:ê˛yÓ˚ •° ~•z ÓyˆÏç ܲÌy=ˆÏ°y ÷ˆÏö ~ÓyÓ˚
ï˛yÓ˚y üyÌy à°y°– ~Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# ܲyˆÏ° ~ܲüye Óí˛¸ ܲyç •° •ƒy!Ó˚§ö
ˆÓ˚yˆÏí˛Ó˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛§yôö– ˆ¢Î˚y°òy ˆÓ˚° ˆfiê˛¢ö ˆÌˆÏܲ öï%˛ö !Ó ç
ˆ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ ‡à!° ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ê˛yöy Ó˚yhflÏy ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •°– 1893 §yˆÏ°
~!ê˛ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ%!Ó˚ !ö!ü≈ï˛ •°–
 ~•z §ú˛° ܲï,,≈˛˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ xy•zöàï˛ x!ôܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §#üy !åÈ° üyÓ˚yë˛y
!í˛ã˛ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õyŸªÓï˛#≈ xM˛È°ê%˛Ü%˛ §ÇÓ!°ï˛ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yˆÏï˛– !ܲv ï˛áö
¢•Ó˚ fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ û˛yˆÏÓ•z xˆÏöܲ ˆÓ!¢ ò)Ó˚ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ §¡±§y!Ó˚ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°–
1888 §yˆÏ°ñ ˛õ)Ó≈ ˆÌˆÏܲ ò!«˛ˆÏî !Óhfl,Ïï˛ ¢•Ó˚ï˛!°Ó˚ 8000 ~ܲÓ˚
ç!ü xy•zöyö%à û˛yˆÏÓ ~•z ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚ xhs≈ˇàï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ÎyÓ˚
ú˛°fl∫Ó˚*˛õ ˛õyö#Î˚ ç° ~ÓÇ ˛õyܲy öò≈üy !ö!ü≈ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° !ܲv ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈
Ü%˛!í˛¸ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ˆï˛üö !ӈϢ£Ï !ܲå%È í˛zߨ!ï˛ •Î˚!ö–
1896ÈÙÈ1897 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ï˛òhsˇ ܲ!ü¢ö Ó˚yÎ˚ !ò° ˆÎ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚
Óy!í˛¸=!°Ó˚ ˆâѧyˆÏâÑ!§ xÓfliyÓ˚ ~ÓÇ !â!O ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ ˆ≤’àˆÏܲ åÈí˛¸yˆÏï˛
§y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~!ê˛Ó˚ §!ë˛Ü˛ ò,‹Tyhsˇ •° Óí˛¸ÓyçyÓ˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈÈû˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚
ÓƒÓ§yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛wfli°È ÙÙÙÙȈÎáyˆÏö ˆ≤’à §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢ åÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ !åÈ° ~ÓÇ
~!ê˛ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲüye xM˛È° ˆÎáyˆÏö Óí˛¸ Óí˛¸ Óy!í˛¸=!° ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚
≤Ãyã˛#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üï˛ òyÑ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ– ~àyˆÏÓ˚y ö¡∫Ó˚ ÄÎ˚yí≈˛ñ ˆÎ!ê˛ í˛z_Ó˚
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– xyê˛ ö¡∫Ó˚ ÄÎ˚yˆÏí≈˛ çö§Çáƒy ≤Ã!ï˛ ~ܲˆÏÓ˚
150 ˆÌˆÏܲ 250ˆ¢y– SˆÎáyˆÏö ˆÓÌöy° @ˇÃ#ö •° 169çö ≤Ã!ï˛
~ܲˆÏÓ˚V– ~ê˛y á%Ó•z xy¢yÓƒOܲ ˆÎ üyö%£Ï ¢•Ó˚ï˛!°Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ Óy§
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ xy@ˇÃ•# •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ï˛ˆÏÓ ¢•Ó˚ï˛!°Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢Ä ÎˆÏÌ‹T xfl∫yfliƒÜ˛Ó˚–
Óí˛¸ Ó˚yhflÏyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ã˛yÄÎ˚yÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü ܲyÓ˚î •° o&ï˛ ÎyöÓy•ö
˛õyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ §%!Óôy– !ܲv ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ◊!üܲˆÏòÓ˚ ¢•Ó˚ï˛!°Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ xy§y
ÎyÄÎ˚y ܲÓ˚y x§%!Óôyçöܲ–
~•zû˛yˆÏÓ §ü§ƒyÓ˚ §üyôyˆÏöÓ˚ í˛z˛õyÎ˚ Î!ò û˛yÓy •Î˚ ˆÎ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚
!ÓhflÏ#î≈ xM˛ÈˆÏ°Ó˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛ §Ω˛Ó ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ !ö!ÿ˛•´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚
˛õ%ö≈Óy§ö ܲÓ˚yñ ï˛y•ˆÏ° §%fli ¢•Ó˚ï˛!° xM˛ÈˆÏ°Ó˚ Ó,!k˛ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö– ~ÓÇ
~ê˛y á%Ó•z çÓ˚&!Ó˚ ˆÎ ¢•Ó˚ï˛!°Ó˚ §ˆÏD ≤Ãôyö ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆÎyàyˆÏÎyà
ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y– öy •ˆÏ° ~=!°ˆÏï˛ üyö%£Ï ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zˆÏÓ öy–
~ܲö ≤ß¿ •° ~=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÜ˛yö !ӣψÏÎ˚ ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ xyˆÏà üˆÏöyˆÏÎyà
ˆòÄÎ˚y í˛z!ã˛ï˛⁄
~•z ≤ß¿ Óƒï˛#ï˛ xyÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y ≤ß¿ •° ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ !ܲ ܲÓ˚y í˛z!ã˛ï˛
~ÓÇ !ܲ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ê˛∆yfiê˛ xö%ü!ï˛ ˆòˆÏÓ– ˛õk˛!ï˛!ê˛ xÓ¢ƒ•z •zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛
!flÒˆÏüÓ˚ §ˆÏD §¡õ!Ü≈˛ï˛ •ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ÎÌyÎÌ û˛yˆÏÓ Óƒyáƒyï˛ •ˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ– ≤ÈÏï˛ƒÜ˛ Óy!§®yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆöy!ê˛¢ ˛õyë˛yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ≤ÈÏï˛ƒˆÏܲÓ˚
x!ôܲyÓ˚ ÌyܲˆÏÓ ~•z !ӣψÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ xy˛õ!_ ÌyܲˆÏ° ï˛y çyöyˆÏöyÓ˚
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
~ÓÇ ≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛ !Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒˆÏܲÓ˚ çyöyÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ ÌyܲˆÏÓ– !flÒü Óy
ܲü≈§)!ã˛!ê˛ Ü˛ˆÏ˛õ≈yˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˛õyë˛yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÓ˚ çöƒ–
ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ Îï˛ò)Ó˚ §Ω˛Ó §yôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ~ÓÇ Óƒ!_´!ӈϢˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xö%ˆÏüyòö
ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ §¡õ)î≈ ≤Ã!e´Î˚y!ê˛Ó˚ ö!Ì˛õe çüy
!òˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ó˚ܲü öÓ#ܲÓ˚î öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ §¡ø!ï˛ !òˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ ≤Ãï˛ƒyáyöÄ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ~Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ ˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ xy˛õ!_Ó˚
§%ˆÏÎyà ÌyܲˆÏÓ–
•zü≤Ã&û˛ˆÏürê˛ ê˛∆yfiê˛ !ӈϟª ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ xû≈˛ƒÌöy ˛õyÎ˚!ö–
!Ó°!ê˛ !Óã˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚£ÏˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ !Óï≈˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ §)e˛õyï˛ â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚
Îáö ~!ê˛ ˆ¢!Ó˚ˆÏú˛Ó˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy §û˛yÎ˚ xyˆÏ°y!ã˛ï˛ •° ï˛áö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚
öyà!Ó˚ܲÓ,® ~Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò çy!öˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö–
~•z §û˛yÎ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ §Ü˛° !Óò?˛ ~ÓÇ ôö# üyö%£Ï ~ܲ!eï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚ !Ó°!ê˛ˆÏܲ ˆòy£ÏyˆÏÓ˚y˛õ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– ~ê˛y öÎ˚ ˆÎ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ §Ó
ˆöï,˛Ó,® í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ !Ó˛õˆÏ«˛ !åȈϰö– !ܲv ï˛yÓ˚y û˛Î˚ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö
ˆÎ ˛õk˛!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ê˛∆yfiê˛ ï˛yÓ˚ «˛üï˛yÓ˚ x˛õÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°–
~ê˛y á%Ó ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚û˛yˆÏÓ ˆÓyé˛y !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°ñ ˆÎ ≤Ã!ï˛˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ í˛zͧy•
ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ ܲyçˆÏܲ û˛Î˚ÇܲÓ˚ û˛yˆÏÓ «˛!ï˛@ˇÃhflÏ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏÓ– ê˛∆yfiê˛ ˆÎ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ çöƒ û˛y° ܲyç ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zˆÏåÈ ˆ§ê˛y ˆÓyé˛y ˆà° Îáö ê˛∆yfiê˛
§!ï˛ƒÜ˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyç ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚Ï°– !ÓˆÏÓ˚yô#˛õ«˛ ˆÌˆÏü ˆà° ~ÓÇ
xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲï˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏD ~•z í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ü)°ƒyÎ˚ö ܲÓ˚y •°– !ӈϢ£Ïï˛
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚ §•ˆÏÎy!àï˛yˆÏܲ xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ û˛yˆÏÓ fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛
ˆòÄÎ˚y •°– ~•z §Çàë˛ö ÷ô% ˆÎ í˛z˛õfliy!˛õï˛ •° ï˛y öÎ˚ñ
çö§yôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ myÓ˚y ≤Ãû˛y!Óï˛Ä •°– !ܲv {£Ï≈yÓ¢ï˛ Ü˛ï,˛˛õˆÏ«˛Ó˚ !ܲå%È
§•ˆÏÎyà# xyÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õ,Ìܲ ê˛∆yfiê˛ àë˛ö ܲÓ˚°– ~Ó˚ §ò§ƒÓ˚y xy•zö
§û˛yÎ˚ !Ó°!ê˛Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ üyÓ˚ydܲ û˛yˆÏÓ !ÓˆÏÓ˚y!ôï˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°y– !ܲv Îáö
ÓyhflÏÓ Ü˛ü≈ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ˆòáy ˆà° ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ö ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ ≤ÃhflÏyÓöy=!°
~ܲê%˛Ä •zï˛hflÏï˛ öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ @ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚Ï°ñ {£Ï≈y≤ÃÓî !ÓˆÏÓ˚yô# ˛õ«˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ï˛áö
xyÓ˚ !ܲå%È•z ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ Ó˚•z° öy– ~•z ú˛°yú˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ çöƒ !ӈϢ£Ïû˛yˆÏÓ Óy•Óy
˛õyÄÎ˚y í˛z!ã˛ï˛ !§~§xy•z !üfiê˛yÓ˚ !§ ~ú˛ ˛õy•zˆÏöÓ˚– ܲyÓ˚î ˆÎê˛y
§yôyÓ˚îï˛ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ x!ú˛§yÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏö âˆÏê˛ öyñ ˆ§ê˛y ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe
û˛yàƒe´ˆÏü âˆÏê˛!åÈ°– !ï˛!ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ˛õyˆÏÓ˚¢ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆã˛Î˚yÓ˚üƒyö ˛õˆÏò 1912
ˆÌˆÏܲ 1922 §y° ˛õÎ≈hsˇ xy§#ö !åȈϰö– Se´ü¢V
xö%Óyòܲ ≠ üô%åÈ®y ˜üeñ !§.~ü ˆàˆÏçê˛ 15 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ 1927
7
 üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy Ä xyàyü# ≤Ãçß√
§%Ó˚Oö !üˆÏj
xyüyÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy≠ xyüyÓ˚ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛
xy üyÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy– xyüyÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛– xyüyÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚
üyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ û˛y£Ïy Ä §Çfl,Ò!ï˛– xyüyÓ˚ ÓyÓy ≤ÃÓy§# •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚–
xyüyÓ˚ üy !ÓˆÏò!¢ öÎ˚– xy!ü ~ÓÇ xyüyÓ˚ flf# ~ܲ•z û˛y£Ïy Ä §ÇflÒ,!ï˛Ó˚
çöƒ §Ç@ˇÃyü ܲÓ˚!åÈ– !ܲv ≤ß¿ •ˆÏFåÈ xyüyÓ˚ ˆåȈϰ ≤ÃÓy§# •ˆÏ°Ä
fl∫ˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ˆÓÔüy !ܲ §ˆÏD ÎyˆÏÓ⁄ §ÇÜ˛ê˛ ˆ§áyˆÏö•z– öy!ܲ xyüyÓ˚ ˆåȈϰ
!ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ fliyÎ˚# öyà!Ó˚ܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏÓ⁄ xyüyÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤Ãçß√ !ܲ ÓyÓyÓ˚
û˛y£Ïy Ä ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚òyÈÙÈë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚üyÓ˚ û˛y£ÏyÈÙȧÇfl,Ò!ï˛ °y°ö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ §%ˆÏÎyà ˛õyˆÏÓ⁄
xyüÓ˚y ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ~üö ~ܲ §üˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§!åÈ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xˆÏöܲˆÏܲ
ˆò¢ åÈyí˛¸ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚yçƒ åÈyí˛¸ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ~ê˛y•z xy§°
xyÌ≈§yüy!çܲ ˆã˛•yÓ˚y– xy!ü é˛yí˛¸á[˛Óy§# ~ܲ Óyäy!° Ó¶%˛ˆÏܲ çy!öñ
!Î!ö §y•zˆÏܲˆÏ° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ò¢ üy•z° ò)ˆÏÓ˚ âyê˛!¢°yÎ˚ xyˆÏ§öó üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy Ä
üyï,˛§Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ °í˛¸y•z ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏ§ö– ï˛yÑÓ˚ §y•zí˛ÓƒyˆÏà ÌyˆÏܲ ÓyÇ°y
ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ Ó•z xyÓ˚ ˆò¢ ˛õ!eܲyñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ܲˆÏ°ç !flTê… ˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ ≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ Ó•z˛õe– Ó¶%˛!ê˛Ó˚ í˛zˆòÏ ƒyˆÏà âyê˛!¢°yÎ˚ §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ !Óû)˛!ï˛û)˛£ÏˆîÏ Ó˚
ã˛ã≈˛y •Î˚– !Óû)˛!ï˛û)˛£Ïî §Ç§ò §Ç°@¿ ˛õ!Õ‘Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ Óyäy!° Óy!í˛¸Ó˚
öyüܲÓ˚î ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏΈ˚ åÏ È !Óû)˛!ï˛û)˛£ÏˆîÏ Ó˚ @ˇÃˆsÏ Ói ˚ öyˆÏü !ܲÇÓy ˆÜ˛yöÄ ã˛!Ó˚ˆeÏ Ó˚
öyˆÏü– ˆòˆÏá û˛y° °yà°– ò%Éá ˆ˛õ°yü xyˆÏhflÏ xyˆÏhflÏ xˆÏöˆÏܲ•z
xÓyäy!°ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ Óy!í˛¸ !Ó!e´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ã˛ˆÏ° xy§ˆÏåÈ– xyÓyÓ˚
!ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ !ã˛eê˛y §¡õ)î≈ !Ó˛õÓ˚#ï˛– ÎyÓ˚y ÎyˆÏFåÈ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛y xy§ˆÏåÈ•z öy
xyÓyÓ˚ xöƒˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ã˛ˆÏ° ÎyˆÏFåÈ–
üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy Ä üyï,˛§Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ í˛zû˛Î˚ §ÇÜ˛ê˛– âˆÏÓ˚ Ä Óy•zˆÏÓ˚
x!hflψÏcÓ˚ §ÇܲˆÏê˛Ó˚ ˆüyܲy!Ó°yÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈ˙ܲƒ•z xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ¢!_´– §Ç@ˇÃyü•z
xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲüye ˛õÌ– !ö!á° û˛yÓ˚ï˛ §üß∫Î˚ §!ü!ï˛Ó˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyàˆÏܲ
§yô%Óyò çyöy•z– xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ x!û˛ö®ö çyöy•z– ÷ô% ôöƒÓyò öÎ˚ §Ç@ˇÃyü
§y!ü° •ˆÏï˛ ã˛y•z–
xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ üyï,˛ˆÏò¢ fl∫yô#ö •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ û˛yàyû˛y!à
ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ !û˛!_ˆÏï˛ öÎ˚ñ û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ !û˛!_ˆÏï˛– üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ çöƒ ÓDˆÏò¢ û˛yà
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy ˆï˛y û˛yà •Î˚!ö– û˛y£Ïy û˛yà •Î˚ öy– xyüyÓ˚
üyï,˛û˛y£Ïyñ xyüyÓ˚ û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ ˆÜ˛í˛z û˛yà ܲÓ˚ˆïÏ ˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÓÏ öy– û˛y£ÏyÓ•öܲyÓ˚#
¢!_´=ˆÏ°y e´ü¢ ˆò¢ ˆÌˆÏܲ !ÓˆÏòˆÏ¢ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!ÓŸªüÎ˚ åÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏÓ– ˆ§•z
fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ §ÇÜ˛ê˛ˆÏܲ ˆüˆÏö•z §Ç@ˇÃyˆÏü §y!ü° •ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ≤ÃÓyˆÏ§ ~ÓÇ
üyï,˛ˆÏòˆÏ¢ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ÈÙÈxy§ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– xyòyöÈÙÈ≤ÃòyöˆÏܲ §%àü ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ– •zí˛zˆÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õÓ˚ ˆò¢=ˆÏ°yˆÏï˛ ˛õy¢ˆÏ˛õyê≈˛Ä °yˆÏà öyñ !û˛§yÄ °yˆÏà
öy– í˛°yÓ˚Ä öÎ˚–
8 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
xyüyÓ˚ û˛y£Ïyñ xyüyÓ˚ §y!•ï˛ƒñ xyüyÓ˚ §Çà#ï˛ñ xyüyÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚&ܲyÎ≈
Ä xyüyÓ˚ ö,ï˛ƒÜ˛°yÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚flõˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ü%ˆÏáyü%!áÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ §ü,k˛ •Ó–
ˆ§çöƒ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏà ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö ˛õy¢ˆÏ˛õyê≈˛ÈÙÈ!û˛§yÓ˚ §Ó˚°#ܲÓ˚î !ܲÇÓy
§•ç°û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ çöƒ §Ç@ˇÃyü– ~•z §Ç@ˇÃyü xyüyÓ˚ §Ç@ˇÃyüñ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
§Ç@ˇÃyüó xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ ≤ÃçˆÏß√Ó˚ çöƒ §Ç@ˇÃyü–
xyüyÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy Ä ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛Ü˛
!öˆÏçÓ˚ û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ ç°yO!° !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ çy!ï˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÓ•üyö à!ï˛Ó˚
˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°Ü˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy– ~ܲ!ê˛ Ó!°¤˛ çy!ï˛ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#ˆÏï˛ ˆ◊¤˛c ˆ˛õˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ üyôƒˆÏü– •zí˛zˆÏÓ˚y˛õ ~ï˛ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ
ï˛yÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy Ä üyï,˛§Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ ã˛ã≈˛yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü– çy˛õyö ~•z ≤çˆÏD §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚
Óí˛¸ ò,‹Tyhsˇ– ~!¢Î˚y ü•yˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §)ˆÎÏ y≈ òˆÏÎÓ˚ ˚ ~•z ˆò¢!ê˛ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ §¡õò
§D# ܲˆÏÓ˚ ¢#£Ï≈fliyˆÏö– û˛yÓˆÏï˛ !ÓfløÎ˚ çyˆÏà ˆåÈyê˛ m#˛õüy°y fl∫ü!•üyÎ˚
üyï,˛ÈÙȧÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ öò#ˆÏï˛ ˆöÔܲy û˛y!§ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ü•y§ü%ˆoÏ fl∫FåȈ® Ï ~!àˆÏÎ˚
ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ– çy˛õyˆÏöÓ˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ Óí˛¸ û˛y£Ïy àˆÏÓ£ÏîyˆÏܲˆÏwÓ˚ ܲ!¡õí˛zê˛yˆÏÓ˚Ä
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ çÎ˚Îyey xÓƒy•ï˛ Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ–
çyï˛#Î˚ û˛y£Ïy üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ ܲyÎ≈ܲÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ §Ç@ˇÃyü ã˛y°yˆÏöyÓ˚
§üÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ– !ӈϢ£Ï ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ú!eû˛y£Ïy §)eÛˆÏܲ §yüˆÏö ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ~!àˆÏÎ˚
ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚ !•!®ÈÙÈ•zÇÓ˚y!çÓ˚ §ˆÏD üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ
ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ û˛y£Ïy ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ xyüÓ˚î §Ç@ˇÃyü ã˛y°yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
Óyäy!°Ó˚ ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ ò%!öÎ˚yÓ˚ ÓyÇ°y §y!•ï˛ƒ e´ü¢ ~ܲ öï%˛ö üyey
~ˆÏö ˆòˆÏÓ– ÓyÇ°y û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ˆ°áy xÓyäy!° xÌÓy xû˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚
ç#ÓöܲÌy §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ x!û˛öÓ •z!Dï˛ Ó•ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ– !Ó¢ ¢ï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚
ÚxyÓ˚îƒÜ˛Û ˆÌˆÏܲ ÚxÓ˚ˆÏîƒÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üï˛ xyÓ˚Ä xˆÏöܲ ô &˛õò#
§y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ xˆÏ˛õ«˛yÓ˚ çöƒ §•üü#≈ Ó¶%˛ˆÏòÓ˚ §y•ã˛Î≈ xy÷ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö–
Óyäy!°Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü ˛õ,!ÌÓ# Î!ò ÓyÇ°yˆÏò¢ Ó˚y‹T… •Î˚ñ ï˛ˆÏÓ !mï˛#Î˚
çàÍ ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓD xyÓ˚ ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ ò%!öÎ˚y •ˆÏFåÈ ≤ÃÓy§# Óyäy!°ˆÏòÓ˚ §Ç@ˇÃyü
xyÓ˚ §Çàë˛ö– xï˛ƒhsˇ xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ û˛yˆÏÓ !öˆÏçÓ˚ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ˆÏܲ ÓyÑ!ã˛ˆÏÎ˚
Ó˚yáyÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ x§Çრ˛õeÈÙÈ˛õ!eܲy– ˆ§•z §ühflÏ ÎsfîyÓ˚ §,!‹T
xy§yü ˆÌˆÏܲ xy®yüyöñ öyà˛õ%Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ öÓ˚ĈÏÎ˚ åÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ– ï,˛ï˛#Î˚
û˛y£Ïy xyÓ˚ ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ ò%!öÎ˚yÓ˚ xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲ §Ç@ˇÃyü•z Óyäy!°Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#
≤ÃçˆÏß√Ó˚ òy!Ó •ˆÏÓ– ÷ô% ÓDò˛õ≈î öÎ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ò˛õ≈î ï˛Ìy !ÓŸªò˛õ≈î–
~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ fl∫≤¿ ˆ§•z !ò¢yÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ~!òˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFåÈ–
ˆ§ï%˛Ó¶˛ö ≠ §y!•ï˛ƒñ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ Ä §ˆÏ¡ø°ö
xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˙ܲƒ Ó°ˆÏï˛ •zí˛z!öú˛!ü≈!ê˛ ˆÓyé˛yˆÏÓ öy– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲï˛yñ
˜Ó!ã˛eƒˆÏܲ ˆüˆÏö !öˆÏÎ˚ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– Ú°y°ö ˆü°yÛ ~ܲ!ê˛ !ӈϢ£Ï
ˆ§ï%˛Ó¶˛ö– °y°ö ˆü°yñ !ÓçÎ˚ ˆü°yñ Óyí˛z°ÈÙÈú˛!ܲÓ˚ ˆü°yñ ˆ˛õԣψüÏ °yñ
çÎ˚ˆÏòˆÏÓÓ˚ ˆü°yñ àDy§yàÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ xyÓ˚Ä xyÓ˚Ä xˆÏöܲ ˆü°y xyÓ˚
í˛zͧÓÈÙÙÙÙȧ¡±#!ï˛ˆÏܲ §%ò,ì˛¸ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ– Ó•zˆÏü°y ˆï˛y xyˆÏåÈ•z Óyäy!°
ˆü°yÈÙÙÙÙÈ≤ÃÓyˆÏ§ §Çáƒy°â% Óyäy!°Ó˚ !ã˛_ˆÏܲ û˛!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòˆÏÓ– !Óܲ!¢ï˛
•ˆÏÓ §,!‹TÓ˚ §ühflÏ Ó˚•§ƒ– ¢ï˛ú%˛° !Óܲ!¢ï˛ •ˆÏÓ– Ú°IyÛ í˛z˛õöƒyˆÏ§Ó˚
§%Ó˚OˆÏöÓ˚ §ˆÏD §%ˆÏÓyôñ §üˆÏÓ˚Ó˚y ~ܲy öÎ˚ §•flÀ– xyÓ˚Ä •ˆÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓÈ˚ ÙÙÙÙÈxÌ≈˜öÏ !ï˛Ü˛ ˆ§ï%˛Ó¶˛ö– àyì˛¸ Ó¶˛ö– û˛yÓ˚ï˛ ÓyÇ°yˆÏò¢ ˛õy!ܲhflyÏ ö
ˆö˛õy° û%˛ê˛yö ◊#°B˛y üy°m#˛õ !üˆÏ° ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÓ xÌ≈˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ xM˛È°–
ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ xy§ˆÏÓ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ xyòyöÈÙÈ≤Ãòyö– ˆ§áyˆÏö ü%§!°ü ˆüÔ°Óyòñ
!•®% ˆüÔ°Óyòñ !á fiê˛#Î˚ ˆüÔ°Óyò ÌyܲˆÏÓ öy– ÌyܲˆÏÓ ˆü°yˆÏü¢yÓ˚ ˆü°yÓ˚
≤Ãyî !ü°öˆÏü°y– ÷ô% öò# e´ü¢ §ü%ˆÏo !üˆÏ¢ ÎyˆÏÓ–
xyÓ˚Ä xyˆÏåÈ ÙÙÙÙÈ¢yÓ˚ò#Î˚ §Çáƒyñ {ò§Çáƒyñ Óí˛¸!òö §Çáƒy
˛õeÈÙÈ˛õ!eܲyÓ˚ xyòyöÈÙÈ≤Ãòyöó ˆ°öÈÙȈòö– ˆòÄÎ˚yÈÙȈöÄÎ˚yñ ã˛yÄÎ˚yÈÙÈ˛õyÄÎ˚y–
xyÓ˚ ÌyܲˆÏÓ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ã˛ï%˛Ì≈ Ó,•_ü û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ @ˇÃsiyàyÓ˚– xyÓ˚ ~ܲ ôy˛õ
~!àˆÏÎ˚ Ó°ˆÏï˛ •zFåÈy ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ÙÙÙÙȈ§ê˛yÓ˚ öyüÈÙÙÙÙȘò!öܲ áÓˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyàç–
~ܲˆÏ¢y ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚Ä ˆÓ!¢ñ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ˆòí˛¸ˆÏ¢y ÓåÈÓ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ fl∫çö
åÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ âˆÏÓ˚ âˆÏÓ˚– ˆÜ˛í˛z Óy ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ xöƒyöƒ ˆòˆÏ¢–
÷ô% é˛yí˛¸á[˛ Óy í˛z_Ó˚ !Ó•yÓ˚ öÎ˚ñ í˛z_Ó˚≤ÈÏò¢ñ Ó˚yçfliyöñ ü•yÓ˚y‹T…ñ
üôƒ≤ÈÏò¢ÈÙȧ• xyÓ˚Ä xˆÏöܲ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xydyÓ˚ xÇ¢ !ÓÓ˚•#ˆÏòÓ˚
Ó,®yÓö xyÓ˚ xyˆÏàÓ˚ üï˛ öÎ˚– öÓÓ£Ï≈ xyÓ˚ öyê˛ƒã˛ã≈˛yñ ˆÓD!° Üœ˛yÓñ
ºyüƒüyî ã˛°!Fã˛e ˆÎyà§)ˆÏeÓ˚ !û˛!_ !åÈ°– §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ §ˆÏD
§ÇˆÏÎyà ˆÓ˚ˆÏá !ÓŸªyÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ≤ÃÓy§# ã˛ƒyˆÏö°
•ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ˜ò!öܲ §ÇÓyò˛õe– §üß∫Î˚ §!ü!ï˛– ¢yáy
ÓD#Î˚ §y!•ï˛ƒ ˛õ!Ó˚£Ïò– ¢yáy ÓyÇ°y xyܲyˆÏò!ü– ¢yáy !ÓŸª!Óòƒy°Î˚Ä–
í˛z!ö¢ ¢ï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆ§Ó˚y §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛Ó˚y •zÇÓ˚y!ç !òˆÏÎ˚ ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°Ä
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ §,!‹TˆÏï˛ fl∫ï˛Éfl≥)˛ï≈˛ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– ü•yܲ!Ó
üy•zˆÜÏ ˛° ˆï˛y ≤ÃÓyˆÏ§ ӈϧ•z Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ!˚ åȈ° Ï ö üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ü•yû˛y[˛yˆÏÓ˚
Ó˚ˆbÏ Ó˚ xû˛yÓ ˆö•z– !ÓŸªÜ˛!ÓÓ˚ §ühflÏ §,!‹T•z ˆï˛y üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚– !ÓŸªÓˆÏÓî˚ ƒ
!ÓK˛yö# xyã˛yÎ≈ §ˆÏï˛ƒwöyÌ Ó§% üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ !ÓK˛yöã˛ã≈˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚
!òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö–
üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy §ühflÏ §,!‹TÓ˚ {ŸªÓ˚
ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy xyüyÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy– ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy xyüyÓ˚ ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy–
üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy xyüyÓ˚ •*òˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°y ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ û˛y£Ïy– xyüyÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy
ÓyÇ°yû˛y£Ïy xyüyÓ˚ §ühflÏ ¢!_´Ó˚ í˛zͧ– ˆò¢û˛yà •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– Ó˚y‹T…
xy°yòy •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– !ܲv û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ ˆÜ˛í˛z xy°yòy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ öy–
ˆÜ˛yöÄ !òöÄ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ öy– IJõyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ öyü ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïyñ ~˛õyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ öyü ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy– §yÓ˚y ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ≤ÃÓy§# Óyäy!°Ó˚ û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ öyü
ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy– üyé˛áyˆÏö ˆÜ˛yöÄ §#üyöy xyüÓ˚y !ÓŸªy§ ܲ!Ó˚ öy–
ܲyÑê˛yï˛yÓ˚Ä öy– üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ôü≈ ˆö•z– ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy ≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚
û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛ ˆö•z– ~áyˆÏö xyüÓ˚y §Óy•z û˛y•zÉû˛y•z–
üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy §ˆÏ•yòÓ˚– ~ ~ܲ!ê˛ Ó,•Ä ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚– ˛õy¢ˆÏ˛õyê≈˛ ~ܲê%˛ ò)ˆÏÓ˚
§!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏ°Ä xyüÓ˚y ~ܲ•z ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ xy!åÈ– ÌyÜ˛Ó !ã˛Ó˚ܲy°– ï˛y•z
ˆï˛y ܲ!Ó xyÓò%° àú˛ú˛Ó˚ ˆã˛Ôô%Ó˚# ˆàˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛öñ
ÚxyüyÓ˚ û˛y•zˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Ó˚ˆÏ_´ Ó˚yäyˆÏöy ~Ü%˛ˆÏ¢ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚
xy!ü !ܲ û%˛!°ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ˆåȈϰ•yÓ˚y ¢ï˛ üyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ x◊& àí˛¸y ~ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚
xy!ü !ܲ û%˛°ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚–
xyüyÓ˚ ˆ§yöyÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ Ó˚ˆÏ_´ Ó˚yäyˆÏöy ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚
xy!ü !ܲ û%˛!°ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚–Û
~Ü%˛ˆÏ¢ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ ï˛y•z ÓDˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §#üyöy åÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ !ӈϟªÓ˚ ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yöÄ
Óyäy!°Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ xyd≤Ãï˛ƒˆÏÎÓ˚ ˚ !òö– ~ܲ ŸªyŸªï˛ ˆã˛ï˛öyÓ˚ !ÓŸªüÎ˚ ˆ≤ÃÓî˚ yÓ˚
!òö– ~ܲ !òˆÏܲ Óyäy!°Ó˚ xydÓ!°òyˆÏöÓ˚ !òö– xöƒ !òˆÏܲ Óyäy!°Ó˚
xyd!ÓŸªy§ §%ò,ì˛¸ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ !òö– ~Ü%˛ˆÏ¢ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ ÷ô% Óyäy!°Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ
˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ !òö öÎ˚– ~Ü%˛ˆÏ¢ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy !òӧĖ
§ühflÏ !ÓŸªÓy§#Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ çÎ˚àyˆÏöÓ˚ í˛zͧÓÄ ÓˆÏê˛– 1947
!á fiê˛yˆÏ∑Ó˚ 14 xyàfiê˛– û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ï≈ û˛yà •°– §,!‹T •° ˛õy!ܲhflÏyö–
÷Ó˚& •° xï˛ƒyã˛yÓ˚– !öÎ≈yï˛ö– Óyäy!° çöàˆÏîÓ˚ x!ôܲyÓ˚ xç≈ˆÏöÓ˚
çöƒ §Ç@ˇÃyü ÷Ó˚& •°– Óyäy!° ï˛yÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ çöƒ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô
àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛°°– ~•zû˛yˆÏÓ 1947ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ 14 xyàfiê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ 1952ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ 21
ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ üye 1652 !òˆÏö Óyäy!° ≤Ãyî !òˆÏï˛ ≤Ã›ï˛ •°–
≤ÃyˆÏîÓ˚ !Ó!öüˆÏÎ˚ Óyäy!° !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆ˛õ° ï˛yÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ– ˛õ)Ó≈ ˛õy!ܲhflÏyö
fl∫yô#ö •°– ÎyÓ˚ Ó˚y‹T…û˛y£Ïy ÓyÇ°y– xӈϢˆÏ£Ï •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚ ã˛yܲy xyÓ˚Ä
~ܲôy˛õ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ ˆà°– 2001 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 2 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ˆÏܲ §¡øy!öï˛ Ü˛Ó˚°
!ÓŸª Ó˚y‹T…˛õ%O– 188!ê˛ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ üyö%£Ï §ühflÏ ˛õ,!ÌÓ#ˆÏï˛ ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ !≤ÃÎ˚
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏÓö– ôü≈!öÓ˚ˆÏ˛õ«˛ û˛y£Ïy!û˛!_ܲ çy!ï˛ àë˛ˆÏöÓ˚
!ÓŸªˆÏ◊¤˛ xyˆÏ®y°ö !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ ˆ˛õ°– Óyäy!° û˛y£Ïy¢!•òÓ˚y
§¡øy!öï˛ •ˆÏ°ö– ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy §yÓ˚y !ӈϟª öï%˛ö ~ܲ ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ §¶˛yö
!ò°– ˆ§•z xyˆÏ°yܲ˛õˆÏÌÓ˚ ~üö ¢!_´ Îy ò)Óˆ˚ ÜÏ ˛ ܲyˆÏåÈ ê˛yˆÏö– !ÓˆÏû˛òˆÏܲ
Ó%ˆÏܲ ÓyшÏô– ÷ô% üyï,˛û)˛!üÓ˚ çöƒ §Ç@ˇÃyü öÎ˚– üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ çöƒ ã˛Ó˚ü
xydï˛ƒyàÈÙÙÙÙÈÎyÓ˚ ï%˛°öy •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§ ˆö•z– !ӈϟªÓ˚ •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§ ≤ÃÌü–
åÈyeˆÏòÓ˚ !öÓ˚flf !ü!åÈ°– ˜fl∫Ó˚yã˛yÓ˚# ¢y§ˆÏܲÓ˚ Ó˚y•zˆÏú˛° ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó%ˆÏ°ê˛
å%ȈÏê˛ ~°– âê˛öyfliˆÏ°•z ¢!•ò •ˆÏ°ö xy∑%° çÓùyÓ˚ Ä ˛Ó˚!ú˛Ü%˛!jö
xy•üò– Ó˚yï˛ xyê˛ê˛yÎ˚ ¢!•ò •ˆÏ°ö xy∑%° ÓÓ˚Ü˛ï˛– =Ó˚&ï˛Ó˚ xy•ï˛
17 çö– xy•ï˛ xyÓ˚Ä x§Çრçö– 21 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ñ 1952 ò%˛õ%Ó˚
12ê˛yÎ˚ åÈyeåÈye#Ó˚y ˆ§•z •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§ Î%_´ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ~ܲ!ê˛ öï%˛ö xôƒyÎ˚–
!ã˛Ó˚ û˛yfl∫Ó˚ ~Ü%˛ˆÏ¢ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ Óyäy!°Ó˚ çyï˛#Î˚ ˆã˛ï˛öyˆÏܲ í˛zqy!§ï˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ï˛y•z ~•z !òö ˆÜ˛yöÄ xyˆÏÓà !Ó•¥°ï˛yÓ˚ !òö öÎ˚– ~•z !òö
Óyäy!°Ó˚ xyd§ü#«˛yÓ˚ !òö– !ӈϢ£Ï ܲˆÏÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ Óyäy!°Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ
~ܲ Óí˛¸ !çK˛y§yÓ˚ !ã˛•´– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ çyï˛#Î˚ hflψÏÓ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy
ܲï˛ê˛y !ÓܲyˆÏ¢ §y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚– ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓˆÏD•z §Ó≈hflψÏÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ xöƒï˛ü
ˆ◊¤˛ û˛y£Ïy– 1991 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ ˆ°yܲàîöy xö%§yˆÏÓ˚ ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy û˛yÓ˚ˆïÏ ˛Ó˚
!mï˛#Î˚ û˛y£Ïy– ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ã˛ï%˛Ì≈ Ó,•_ü û˛y£Ïy– 30 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛
Óyäy!°Ó˚ û˛!Ó£ÏƒÍ Ü˛#⁄ û˛y£Ïy!Óò ü•¡øò ¢•#ò%Õ‘y• ã˛Ó˚ü §!ï˛ƒ ܲÌyê˛y•z
!°ˆÏá!åȈϰöñ ÚxyüÓ˚y !•®% Óy ü%§°üyö ˆÎüö §ï˛ƒñ ï˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢
§ï˛ƒ xyüÓ˚y Óyäy!°–Û ~ê˛y ˆÜ˛yöÄ xyòˆÏ¢≈Ó˚ ܲÌy öÎ˚– ~ê˛y ~ܲê˛y
ÓyhflÏÓ Ü˛Ìy–
üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy ÷ô% üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §,!‹TÓ˚ Ó!•´!¢áy öÎ˚– ç#Óö çy!ÓܲyÓ˚
≤Èϟ¿ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy xyç ~Ü%˛¢ ¢ï˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ ã˛ƒyˆÏ°ˆÏOÓ˚ ü%ˆÏá– ˆ§•z ã˛ƒyˆÏ°ˆÏOÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ xyˆÏåÈ !ÓŸªyÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ÓyçyÓ˚– çy˛õyö Î%k˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ çÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!ö–
!û˛ˆÏÎ˚ï˛öyüÄ öÎ˚– Î%ˆÏk˛ !ÓôùhflÏ •ˆÏÎ˚Ä çy˛õy!ö û˛y£Ïy ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ x‹Tü
9
fliyˆÏö ˆÌˆÏÜ˛Ä üyöÓ §¡õˆÏòÓ˚ !Óܲy¢ â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xyÓ˚ xyüÓ˚y û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚
Óyäy!°Ó˚y ã˛ï%˛Ì≈ fliyˆÏö ˆÌˆÏÜ˛Ä Ü˛# ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚!åÈ⁄ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚
çß√¢ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ 1961 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑Ó˚ 19 ˆü x§ˆÏüÓ˚ ÓÓ˚yܲ í˛z˛õï˛ƒÜ˛y Ó˚_´
!òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆ§•z ˛õÌ•z !ܲ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ Óyäy!°Ó˚ ˆ¢£Ï !ë˛Ü˛yöy⁄
û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ üï˛ ~ܲ Ó,•Í ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ çyï˛#Î˚ §Çà#ï˛ ~ÓÇ xyÓ˚Ä
~ܲ!ê˛ fl∫yô#ö Ó˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚ çyï˛#Î˚ §Çà#ï˛ !°ˆÏáˆÏåÈö ~ܲ•z Óyäy!° ܲ!Ó–
~ ü•yö ܲ#!ï≈˛ ÷ô% Óyäy!° ܲ!ÓÓ˚ öÎ˚ñ ÓyÇ°y û˛y£ÏyÓ˚Ä– ܲ!Ó=Ó˚&
Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚° ܲ#!ï≈˛ˆÏï˛ xyüÓ˚y Óyäy!°Ó˚y àÓ≈ˆÏÓyô ܲ!Ó˚–
§,!‹T¢#° ˆ§•z ÓyÇ°y û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ 62 ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ä ç#Óö
ç#!ÓܲyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏç °yàyˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚!ö– ÓyÇ°y û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ fl∫¢y§ˆÏöÓ˚ §Ó≈hflψÏÓ˚
ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!Ó˚!ö–
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ã˛ã≈˛y ã˛y•z– xy!ü xyüyÓ˚ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ç#ÓöÈÙÈç#!Óܲy ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ ã˛y•z– xhsˇï˛
ˆ§•z Óyäy!°Ó˚ çöƒ ˆÎ §ühflÏ ç#ÓˆÏö ܲáöÄ •zÇÓ˚y!ç û˛y£ÏyÓ˚
!Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸yÓ˚ §%ˆÏÎyà ˛õyˆÏÓ öy– xyüÓ˚y çy!öñ xyüÓ˚y Ó°!åÈ
•zÇÓ˚y!çÄ !¢áˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– !ܲv §Óy•z !ܲ ˆ§•z §%ˆÏÎyà ˛õyˆÏÓ⁄ üyˆÏö
§ÓyÓ˚ çöƒ !ܲ ÓƒÓfliy ܲÓ˚y §Ω˛Ó⁄ @ˇÃyü û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˆÎ 80 ¢ï˛yÇ¢
üyö%£Ï xyˆÏåÈñ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲÌy ˆÜ˛ û˛yÓˆÏåÈ⁄ xy§ˆÏ° üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy xyÓ˚
üyï,˛§Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ üÎ≈yòy Ó˚«˛yÎ˚ ≤Ãy!îï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ §Ó≈hflψÏÓ˚Ó˚ Óyäy!°ˆÏܲ–
~ܲ!ê˛ çy!ï˛Ó˚ x!hflÏc Ó˚«˛yÓ˚ çöƒ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö ã˛yÓ˚!ê˛ ≤Ãôyö í˛z˛õyòyö–
1V üyï,˛û˛y£Ïyñ 2V üyï,˛§Çfl,Ò!ï˛ñ 3V ˆû˛ÔˆÏày!°Ü˛ §#üyöy xyÓ˚ 4V
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§¶˛yˆÏö ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ü•yܲ!Ó üy•zˆÜÏ ˛° üô%§ò) ö ò_ ˆÌˆÏܲ §y!•ï˛ƒ§¡Àyê˛
Ó!B˛üã˛w ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ÈÙȧ• §ühflÏ Óyäy!° ˆ°áܲ !ÓˆÏò!¢û˛y£Ïy ˆåȈÏí˛¸
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ §y!•ï˛ƒÜ˛#!ï≈˛ §,!‹T ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈö– ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yöÄ flÀ‹TyÓ˚
§,!‹TÓ˚ §ˆÏÓ≈y_ü !Óܲy¢ §Ω˛Ó üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏï˛•z– Óyäy!°Ó˚ ܲÌy ˆÓ!¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚
üˆÏö ˛õí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– é˛yí˛¸á[˛ Ó˚yˆÏçƒ ÓyÇ°yû˛y£Ï#Ó˚y•z §Çáƒy°â% xÌã˛ ˆ§áyˆÏö
ÓyÇ°y û˛y£Ïy ≤Ãôyö û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ üÎ≈yòy ˆï˛y ˛õyÎ˚!ö ÓÓ˚Ç ˆ§áyˆÏö ÓyÇ°y
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x§ü ÓÓ˚yܲ í˛z˛õï˛ƒÜ˛y ˆÌˆÏܲ é˛yí˛¸áˆÏ[˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏÓ•z–
§ÇÜ˛ê˛ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ~ܲ!eï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚– û˛y°Óy§yÎ˚ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲ •ˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ– ˆ§!òö ˆÓ!¢ ò)ˆÏÓ˚ öÎ˚–
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ˆüÎ˚ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ eyî ï˛•!ӈϰ ü%_´ •ˆÏhflÏ òyö ܲÓ˚&ö
ï˛Ìƒ Ä çö§ÇˆÏÎyà !Óû˛yà
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy
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ˆò¢Óy§#Ó˚ çöƒ•z §Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ö#!ï˛– ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ xyˆÏÓˆÏàÓ˚ !ܲ ˆÜ˛yöÄ
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÷ô% §!¡ø!°ï˛ ã˛y˛õ– ã˛y•z §Çàë˛ö– ò°– 30 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
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Ó˚y‹T…§Çâ–
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~ܲ•z û˛y£Ïy ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ñ ï˛yÓ˚y ôˆÏü≈ ~ܲ öÎ˚– ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ !ܲ
~ܲÈÙÈ~ܲ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ ~ܲÈÙÈ~ܲ û˛y£Ïy Óy ~ܲÈÙÈ~ܲ û˛y£ÏyˆÏày¤˛#Ó˚ ~ܲ ~ܲ
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~Ü%˛¢ ÷ô% û˛y£Ïy §!•òˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ◊k˛yO!° öÎ˚ñ ~Ü%˛¢ Óyäy!°Ó˚
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ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈñ ˆ§ !ÓK˛yö öÎ˚ñ ˆÜ˛yöÄ üï˛yò¢≈ öÎ˚ñ !Ó÷k˛ ã˛yܲ!Ó˚ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚
Óy§öy– ï˛Í§ˆÏ_¥Ä ~•z ò%ɧ• x˛õüyöܲÓ˚ xhsˇçµ≈y°y §!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ˚ˆÏá
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x!mï˛#Î˚ í˛zòƒyö!ê˛ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ xü)°ƒ §¡õò–
í˛zòƒyö!ê˛ 112 ˆ•QÓ˚ ç!üÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ Ä x!ï˛ §%˛õ!Ó˚ܲ!“ï˛
û˛yˆÏÓ !ö!ü≈ï˛– ~Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ xyˆÏåÈ !ÓÓ˚yê˛ ˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚ Óy !鲰 xyÓyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ
§%í˛zFã˛ ç!ü– ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ xyˆÏåÈ xàû˛#Ó˚ í˛z˛õï˛ƒÜ˛yñ ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ !ÓhflÏ#î≈ ≤ÃyhsˇÓ˚
!Ó!û˛ß¨ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ç°ÓyÎ˚%Ó˚ í˛z!qòˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ í˛z˛õÎ%_´ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ §,!‹T
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– í˛zòƒyö!ê˛ 25!ê˛ û˛yˆÏà !Óû˛_´ ~ÓÇ ~Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ åÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚
xyˆÏåÈ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 15 !ܲˆÏ°y!üê˛yÓ˚ ò#â≈ ˛õyܲy §í˛¸Ü˛– §í˛¸Ü˛=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ öyüܲÓ˚î
•ˆÏΈ˚ åÏ È !Óáƒyï˛ í˛z!qò!ÓòˆÏòÓ˚ öyˆÏüÓ˚ fløÓ˚ˆîÏ – ˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ §Ü˛° ü•yˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚
~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ §Ü˛° ≤ÈÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ çöƒ ~ܲ ~ܲ!ê˛ !öÓ≈y!ã˛ï˛
xÇ¢ xyˆÏåÈ– !¢÷ í˛z!qò ü)°ƒÓyö àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛˛õy°öñ Óí˛¸ àyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ
ã˛yÓ˚y ≤Ã›ï˛ Ä ~•z §Çe´yhsˇ àˆÏÓ£ÏîyÓ˚ çöƒ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ öy§≈y!Ó˚ xyˆÏåÈ–
~ åÈyí˛¸y Óí˛¸ ˛õyüâÓ˚ñ ˆåÈyê˛ ˛õyüâÓ˚ñ x!Ü≈˛í˛ âÓ˚ •zï˛ƒy!ò ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛
§ÇÓ˚«˛î¢y°y xyˆÏåÈ– åÈyÎ˚y !≤ÃÎ˚ Ä ü)°ƒÓyö àyåÈ ~áyˆÏö Ó˚yáy •Î˚–
ܲyàçê˛y §¡õ)î≈ ˛õí˛¸yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ üˆÏö üˆÏö û˛#£Ïî xyö® ˛õyÎ˚ ï˛˛õ%–
~ï˛ Ü˛yˆÏåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ Óyàyöê˛y xÓ¢ƒ•z ˆòáy òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚– !öˆÏçÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏá öy
ˆòáˆÏ° ~ܲê˛y xï,˛!Æ ÄˆÏܲ Ü%˛ˆÏÓ˚ Ü%˛ˆÏÓ˚ áyˆÏÓ– ˛õƒyˆÏrê˛Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ ˛õyOy!Ó
˛õˆÏÓ˚ ï˛˛õ% !§Ö!í˛¸ !òˆÏÎ˚ ö#ˆÏã˛ ˆöˆÏü xyˆÏ§– ˆåÈyR !ê˛!ú˛ö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ–
ã˛yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆòyܲyˆÏö ˆÓ¢ !û˛í˛¸– ò%ÛˆÏê˛y ˆÓˆÏM˛È•z ˆ°yܲ– ˆÜ˛í˛z â%à!ö
áyˆÏFåÈ xyÓyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛í˛z xy°%Ó˚ òü– ÷ô% ã˛y áyˆÏFåÈ ˆï˛üö üyö%£ÏÄ xyˆÏåÈ
!ܲå%È– ˆòyܲyö ~ܲy•z ã˛y°yÎ˚ ürê%˛ÓyÓ%– ï˛˛õ%ˆÏܲ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ í˛yˆÏܲ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲ# •°ñ öyüˆÏï˛ ~ï˛ ˆò!Ó˚⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲyÓ˚áyöy å%È!ê˛ñ ï˛y•z ~ܲê%˛ ˆò!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ öyü°yü–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲ# ˆòÓ⁄ â%à!ö öy xy°%Ó˚ òü⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!ܲå%È öy– ï˛˛õ% ˆ•ˆÏ§ ˆòÎ˚–ÈÙÙÙÙÈ÷ô% ˆê˛yfiê˛ xyÓ˚ ã˛y–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛ö !áˆÏò ˆö•z⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈöyñ !ë˛Ü˛ ï˛y öÎ˚– ~ܲê%˛ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ fl¨yö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÓ–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ã˛y ˆáˆÏï˛ ˆáˆÏï˛ Ü˛yàçê˛yÎ˚ ˆã˛yá Ó%!°ˆÏÎ˚ ˆöÎ˚ ï˛˛õ%– ˆÓˆÏM˛ÈÓ˚ xöƒ
ôyˆÏÓ˚ ӈϧ ~ܲçö ӈϰ í˛z벰ñ Úܲy° !Ó.!ê˛ ˆÓ˚yˆÏí˛ ˆÜ˛üö ò%â≈ê˛öy
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆòáˆÏ°ö⁄Û
ÙÙÙÙÈò%â≈ê˛öyÓ˚ ܲÌy xyÓ˚ Ó°ˆÏÓö öy– xöƒ ~ܲçö í˛z_Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~áö ˛õˆÏÌ âyˆÏê˛ ˆÓÓ˚&ˆÏöy•z òyÎ˚– ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yöÄ §üˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ
!ܲå%È •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙȧ!ï˛ƒ ܲÌy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈí»˛y•zû˛yÓ˚=ˆÏ°yÄ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆï˛üö•z–
ã˛y áyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ ï˛˛õ% í˛zˆÏë˛ xyˆÏ§ IJõˆÏÓ˚– ˆÜ˛ööy ĈÏܲ ~áö
ˆÓyê˛ƒy!öܲƒy° àyˆÏí≈˛ö ï˛yí˛¸y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓí˛¸yˆÏFåÈ– ï˛yåÈyí˛¸yÄ ~ܲê%˛ ˛õˆÏÓ˚•z
•Î˚ï˛ fl¨yˆÏöÓ˚ ç° ÌyܲˆÏÓ öy– ~Ó˚ xyˆÏàÄ ò%Û~ܲÓyÓ˚ ~üö âê˛öy
âˆÏê˛ˆÏåÈ– å%È!ê˛Ó˚ !òˆÏö ï˛˛õ% ˆû˛ˆÏÓˆÏåÈ ~üö ï˛yí˛¸yÓ˚ ܲ# xyˆÏåÈ⁄ ˆ¢£ÏܲyˆÏ°
fl¨yö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ Îáö ü!ï˛ •°ñ §Ó ˆû˛yÑ û˛yÑ– ~ܲ ˆú˛yÑê˛yÄ ç° ˆö•z–
xӈϢˆÏ£Ï !ÓˆÏܲ° ˛õÎ≈hsˇ xˆÏ˛õ«˛y–
ï˛y•z ï˛yí˛¸yï˛y!í˛¸ å%ȈÏê˛ xyˆÏ§– ˆòˆÏá ĈÏòÓ˚ !òˆÏܲÓ˚ òÓ˚çy Ó¶˛–
•ë˛yÍ §Ü˛y° §Ü˛y° òÓ˚çy Ó¶˛⁄ ü%•)ˆÏï≈˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ öyöy û˛yÓöy ï˛˛õ%Ó˚
üyÌyÎ˚ ˆáˆÏ° ÎyÎ˚– ˆÜ˛yöÄ û˛yÓöy !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï !§k˛yˆÏhsˇ ˆ˛õÑÔåȈÏï˛
˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy– ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï òÓ˚çyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ Ü˛í˛¸y öyˆÏí˛¸– ~ܲÓyÓ˚– ò%ÛÓyÓ˚–
!ï˛öÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓyÓ˚ ˆû˛ï˛Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ¢∑ ˆû˛ˆÏ§ xyˆÏ§–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈĈÏÎ˚ê˛– ~ܲê%˛ òyÑí˛¸yÄ–
òÓ˚çy á%ˆÏ°•z !ê˛öy x!û˛û˛yÓˆÏܲÓ˚ üï˛ ≤ß¿ ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ ÚˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚
!àˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰ⁄Û
ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛ö⁄ ö#ˆÏã˛ñ ã˛y ˆáˆÏï˛–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲyrê˛ •zí˛z ĈÏÎ˚ê˛ ú˛Ó˚ §yü ê˛y•zü–
ï˛˛õ% !ܲå%ȈÏï˛•z Ó%ˆÏé˛ í˛zë˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏåÈ öy !ê˛öy ܲ# Ó°ˆÏï˛ ã˛yÎ˚– ï˛y•z
ú˛ƒy° ú˛ƒy° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏܲ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈüyü‰üyü‰ ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ §üÎ˚ ˆï˛yüyÎ˚ !ܲå%È Ó°ˆÏï˛ ã˛y•z!åÈ°⁄ !ê˛öy
ˆ•ˆÏ§ ˆòÎ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚ ˆàˆÏ°ö ÄÓ˚y⁄
11
 ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyüyÓ˚ ~ܲ xy!rê˛Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸– §Óy•zˆÏܲ •zöû˛y•zê˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ °yˆÏM˛ÈÓ˚
çöƒ–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈï˛yüyÓ˚ •zö!û˛!ê˛¢ö !åÈ° öy⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!öÿ˛Î˚•zÊ
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü ˆàˆÏ° öy⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲ# ܲˆÏÓ˚ ÎyÓ⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛ö⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲy° xyüyÓ˚ üƒyÌ ~ܲ§yü‰–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛y •ˆÏ° öy !àˆÏÎ˚ û˛y°•z ܲˆÏÓ˚åÈ– ˛õÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏàÓ˚ !òö ~ܲê%˛
ô#Ó˚ !fliÓ˚ Ìyܲy•z û˛y°– ï˛yÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ üƒy̧‰ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈ§•z çˆÏöƒ•z ˆï˛y– xy•z !Ó˚ˆÏçQ òƒ ˆ≤Ãy@ˇÃyü–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ=í˛ !í˛!§¢ö– ~áö ӈϧ ӈϧ û˛y° ܲˆÏÓ˚ !Ó˚û˛y•z§ òyÄ–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈ§•z Ó˚ܲü•z ˆû˛ˆÏÓ!åÈ– Óyê˛ ˆ•yÎ˚yê˛ •zí˛z í˛z•z° í%˛⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyüyÓ˚ ˆï˛y xyç å%È!ê˛–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy•z ˆöy ÓyÓy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈçyˆÏöy•z ˆï˛y xyüÓ˚y ܲyÓ˚áyöyÎ˚ ܲyç ܲ!Ó˚– ܲyÓ˚áyöyÎ˚ å%È!ê˛
ܲü ÌyˆÏܲ– !ë˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ àyˆÏí≈˛öê˛y ~ܲÓyÓ˚ ˆòˆÏá xy§Ó–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈ•yÎ˚yê˛⁄ !ê˛öy ˆÎö àˆÏç≈ í˛z벰– •ë˛yÍ•z ˆÎö !ê˛öyÓ˚ ü%áê˛y
°y°– ï˛˛õ% ܲ# í˛z_Ó˚ ˆòˆÏÓ ˆû˛ˆÏÓ ˛õyÎ˚ öy– !ê˛öyÓ˚ ú˛§≈y ü%á ܲ#Ó˚ܲü
ú˛ƒyܲyˆÏ§ ˆòáyˆÏFåÈ– üyÌyÓ˚ ã%˛°=ˆÏ°y ~ˆÏ°yˆÏüˆÏ°y– Ä •yú˛˛õƒyˆÏrê˛Ó˚
!û˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ !fl‘û˛ˆÏ°§ !@ˇÃö ˆà!O ˛õˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏåÈ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈüyü‰üyü‰ xyüyÎ˚ Ó°°ñ •zí˛z í˛z•z° !Ó ˆ•yü–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛y•z⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ•zˆÏÎ˚§ §ƒyÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü ÌyܲˆÏ° ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ܲ# §%!Óôy •ˆÏÓ⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxˆÏöܲ–
ï˛˛õ% ˆ•ˆÏ§ ˆú˛ˆÏ°–ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy•z ˆí˛yrê˛ ˆöy–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈï˛yüyÎ˚ !ܲå%È çyöˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ öy– •zí˛z !≤’ç !Ó ˆ•yü í˛z•zÌ !ü–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü §Ü˛y° ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ï˛«˛î ܲyàç !öˆÏÎ˚ fiê˛y!í˛ Ü˛Ó˚°yü–
ï˛˛õ% àyˆÏí≈˛ö §¡õ!Ü≈˛ï˛ ܲyàçê˛y !ê˛öyÓ˚ §yüˆÏö ˆüˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚– ~ܲ !˛õˆÏë˛
ÓyÇ°yÎ˚ ˆ°áy Óyàyö §¡õ!Ü≈˛ï˛ ï˛Ìƒ– xöƒ !òˆÏܲ §¡õ)î≈ ÓyàyˆÏöÓ˚
üƒy˛õ– Ä öy¡∫yÓ˚=ˆÏ°y ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲê˛yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y ӈϰ ã˛ˆÏ° ÓyàyˆÏöÓ˚
ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚ ܲ# xyˆÏåÈ– ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ !ê˛öyˆÏܲ !çˆÏK˛§ ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü ~•z !Óáƒyï˛ àyˆÏí≈˛ˆÏö ˆàåÈ Ü˛áöÄ⁄
!ê˛öy í˛z_Ó˚ ˆòÎ˚ñÈÙÙÙÙÈöy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyÿ˛Î≈Ê
ÈÙÙÙÙȈ•yÎ˚y•z⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü ˆï˛y !ܲå%È•z ˆòá!ö– ÷ô% Ó•z ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ°•z •ˆÏÓ⁄ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
ã˛yÓ˚˛õyˆÏ¢ ܲ# xyˆÏåÈ ˆ§§Ó ˆòáˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ öy⁄ çyöˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ öy⁄
ã%˛˛õ ܲˆÏÓ˚ òyÑ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏܲ !ê˛öy– ˆÜ˛yöÄ í˛z_Ó˚ !òˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~•z ˆï˛y •züyüÓyí˛¸yÓ˚ ~ï˛ Ü˛yˆÏåÈ Ìyܲ– ï˛˛õ% Ó°ˆÏï˛
ÌyˆÏܲÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛yÄ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ˆòáyÓ˚ §üÎ˚ •Î˚!ö– ï%˛!ü çyö öy ÄÎ˚yˆÏçò
xy!° ˆÜ˛ !åȈϰö⁄ ˆÜ˛ö ï˛yÑÓ˚ ~ï˛ öyü⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈê˛∆$– ˛õyÓ˚í˛ö !ü–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈôƒyÍÊ xy!ü «˛üy ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆÜ˛⁄
12
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyÓ˚ û%˛° •ˆÏÓ öy– !ê˛öyÓ˚ ˆë˛yшÏê˛Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yˆÏî !fløï˛ •y!§– Ä
•y§ˆÏ° ˆày° ü%ˆÏá ˆåÈyê˛ ˆåÈyê˛ ˆã˛yá ò%ˆÏê˛y xˆÏöܲê˛y•z Ó%ˆÏç xyˆÏ§–
!ܲv ˆòáyÎ˚ û˛y!Ó˚ §%®Ó˚– ~ܲê˛y §Ó˚° !ö‹õy˛õ !ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚#– xˆÏöܲê˛y
˛õ%ï%˛° ˛õ%ï%˛°–
ò%ÛçˆÏö•z !ܲå%È«˛î ã%˛˛õã˛y˛õ–
xyÓyÓ˚ ï˛˛õ%•z ܲÌy ӈϰñÈÙÙÙÙÈxyüyÎ˚ ܲ# ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ï˛y•ˆÏ°⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙȈï˛yüyÎ˚ !ܲå%È•z ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ öy– ã%˛˛õã˛y˛õ ӈϧyñ ã˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚
xy!§– ò%ÛçˆÏö•z áyÓ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈã˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ xyÓyÓ˚⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!öÿ˛Î˚•z ܲÓ˚Ó–
ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ ˛õy ~!àˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏ§–ÈÙÙÙÙȈï˛yüyÓ˚ fl¨yˆÏöÓ˚
ç° ôˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓ˚ˆÏá!åÈ ê˛yˆÏÓ–
ܲÌyÎ˚ ܲÌyÎ˚ ï˛˛õ% û%˛ˆÏ°•z !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ≤ÃyÎ˚ñ ˆáÎ˚y°•z !åÈ° öy– !ê˛öy
Ó°yÎ˚ üˆÏö ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ˆà°– !ö!ÿ˛hsˇ üˆÏö òyÑ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚•z° ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È«˛î–
ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ üˆÏö üˆÏö !ë˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ö°ñ !ê˛öy ã˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ~ˆÏ° ÄÓ˚
!ã˛Ó%ˆÏܲ •yï˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ Ó°ˆÏÓñ =í˛ ày°≈– öy•z§ ày°≈
§ˆÏD §ˆÏD•z xyÓyÓ˚ !môy– Ä Î!ò !ܲå%È û˛yˆÏÓ⁄ Î!ò !ܲå%È ÓˆÏ°
ӈϧ⁄
!ê˛öy ˆê˛∆ˆÏï˛ ò%Ûܲy˛õ ã˛y xyÓ˚ !Ófl%Òê˛ ~ˆÏö Ó˚yá°– §ï˛Ó˚!M˛ÈÓ˚ IJõÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy•z xƒyü ܲy!üÇ– ӈϰ•z å%ȈÏê˛ ˆà° âˆÏÓ˚– !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~° ~ܲê˛y
Ó•z xyÓ˚ °¡∫y §yòy áyï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü ˆüˆÏé˛ˆÏï˛ Ó§ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxú˛ ˆÜ˛y§≈Ê !ê˛öy ˛õy =!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ ï˛˛õ%Ó˚ üï˛ ÓˆÏ§ ˛õí˛¸° üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛–
ã˛yˆÏÎ˚ ã%˛ü%ܲ !òˆÏÎ˚•z ӈϰ í˛z벰 ï˛˛õ%ÈÙÙÙÙÈöy•z§ !ê˛–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ˛õ%!°Ç üy•z ˆ°à⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxú˛ˆÏܲy§≈˛ öê˛– ï%˛!ü !ܲv §!ï˛ƒ û˛y° ã˛y ÓyöyˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚– ˆ§!òö
ˆÎ áyÄÎ˚yˆÏ°ñ §%®Ó˚ ˆê˛fiê˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ̃yÇܲ§‰Ê
ã˛y ˆáˆÏï˛ ˆáˆÏï˛ !ê˛öy Ó•zˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õyï˛y í˛zˆÏŒê˛ ~ܲ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§
ÌyˆÏü–ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~•z ã˛ƒy≤WzyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xB˛=ˆÏ°y ˆòá–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!§ü!≤’!ú˛ˆÏܲ¢ö⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ•zÎ˚y– ~•z xˆÏB˛Ó˚ !ú˛àyÓ˚ xyÓ˚ !ã˛•´=ˆÏ°y ˆòáˆÏ°•z üyÌyê˛y
ˆÜ˛üö !é˛ü!é˛ü ܲˆÏÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛Ó% û˛y°⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛ö⁄ ~ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏ°ö ˆÜ˛ö⁄
ï˛˛õ% •y§ˆÏï˛ •y§ˆÏï˛ ÓˆÏ°ñÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü û˛yÓ°yü ≤ÃӈϰˆÏüÓ˚ ܲ# öy
ܲ# xB˛ ˆòáyˆÏï˛ Ó°ˆÏÓ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛y•ˆÏ° ܲ# •ï˛⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ•Î˚ï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ï˛yüñ xyÓyÓ˚ öy •ˆÏï˛Ä ˛õyÓ˚ï˛–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈüyfiê˛ !Ó ˆçy!ܲÇ⁄ !ê˛öy ˆ•y ˆ•y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆ•ˆÏ§ ˆòÎ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈû˛y° xB˛ ܲÓ˚ˆïÏ ˛ ˛õyÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ xˆÏB˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ öƒyܲ Ìyܲy òÓ˚ܲyÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxÌ≈yÍ ï%˛!ü ˆÓyé˛yˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zåÈñ ï%˛!ü xB˛ çyö öy⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxB˛ Ó%é˛Ó öy ˆÜ˛ö⁄ û˛y°û˛yˆÏÓ çy!ö öy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈÄ§Ó Ü˛Ìy åÈyí˛¸– !ê˛öy ï˛˛õ%Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ü˛Ìy ÷öˆÏï˛ ã˛yÎ˚
öy–ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü !§ü!≤’!ú˛ˆÏܲ¢ˆÏöÓ˚ ˆfiê˛˛õ§=ˆÏ°y xyüyÎ˚ !ë˛Ü˛ ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ òyÄ–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
 !ê˛öy üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ~ï˛«˛î ˆÎû˛yˆÏÓ ÓˆÏ§!åÈ°– §Ω˛Óï˛ Äû˛yˆÏÓ xyÓ˚
Ó§ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚!åÈ° öy– ï˛y•z ˛õy ò%ˆÏê˛y û˛yÑç ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆ˛õåȈÏöÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ӈϧ– ï˛˛õ% Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰÈÙÙÙÙÈÓ°°yü öyñ üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ÓˆÏ§y öy⁄ xû˛ƒy§
ˆö•z–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü Ó§ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚åÈ⁄ xyÓ˚ xy!ü Ó§ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚Ó öy⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ öy ˆÜ˛ö⁄ ~•z ˆÎüö ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏ°⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü ˆ˛õåȈÏö °yàˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ á%Ó–
ï˛˛õ% ~ ܲÌyÎ˚ xy˛õ!_ çyöyÎ˚–ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~ê˛yˆÏܲ ï%˛!ü °yàˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚y
Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ öy– ˆÜ˛ööy ˆï˛yüyˆÏòÓ˚ üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ Ó§yÓ˚ ~ܲòü xû˛ƒy§
ˆö•z– ˆåÈyê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ•z ˆê˛!Ó° ˆã˛Î˚yˆÏÓ˚ ӈϧ §Ó !ܲå%È Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚åÈ– ˛õy =!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚
ï%˛!ü Ó§ˆÏÓ Ü˛# ܲˆÏÓ˚⁄
!ê˛öy Ó%çˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ï˛y•z ӈϰÈÙÙÙÙÈxyFåÈy ÓyÓyñ xyüyÓ˚ û%˛° •ˆÏÎ˚
ˆàˆÏåÈ–
!§ü!≤’ú˛y•z Óy §Ó˚° xˆÏB˛Ó˚ ü)° !Ó£ÏÎ˚ •°ñ ˆÜ˛yö !ã˛ˆÏ•´Ó˚ ܲyç
xyˆÏà ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ˆ§ê˛y !ë˛Ü˛ üï˛ ˆáÎ˚y° öy Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏ° xB˛
û%˛° •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ §Ω˛yÓöy xyˆÏåÈ– ~ܲê˛yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y !ã˛ˆÏ•´Ó˚ ܲyç !ë˛Ü˛
ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ˆfiê˛˛õ§=ˆÏ°y ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ !ò° ï˛˛õ%–
~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲê˛y xB˛ ~ܲy ~ܲy !öˆÏç•z ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆú˛°ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚°
!ê˛öy– Ä Îáö xB˛=ˆÏ°y ܲÓ˚!åÈ°ñ xöƒ ܲyç ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ú˛yшÏܲ ï˛˛õ% ˆáÎ˚y°
ˆÓ˚ˆÏáˆÏåÈ– ~áö xyÓ˚ û%˛° •ˆÏFåÈ öy– •ë˛yÍ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ê˛öyÓ˚ ܲyшÏô •yï˛
ˆÓ˚ˆÏá Ó°°ñ =í˛ ày°≈–
!ê˛öyÓ˚ ü%ˆÏá •y!§–ÈÙÙÙÙÈxƒyu˛ •zí˛z =í˛ =í˛ ÓÎ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü çy!ö xy!ü !ܲ ÓÎ˚⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙȈ•yÎ˚y•z⁄ ~üö Ó°åÈ ˆÜ˛ö⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈöyñ ~ü!ö Ó°!åÈ°yü– ï˛˛õ% §•çû˛yˆÏÓ ¢∑=ˆÏ°y í˛zFã˛yÓ˚î ܲˆÏÓ–˚
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!ë˛Ü˛ ï˛y öÎ˚– ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ü%á ˆòˆÏá üˆÏö •ˆÏFåÈñ xöƒ !ܲå%È Ü˛Ìy
xyˆÏåÈ– !ê˛öyÓ˚ ܲÌy ÷ˆÏö ï˛˛õ% ~ܲê%˛ xÓyܲ•z •Î˚– §!ï˛ƒ §!ï˛ƒ ÄÓ˚
ˆåÈyê˛ˆÏÓ°yÓ˚ ܲÌy=ˆÏ°y Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆ° Ï û˛y°•z °yˆÏà– ˆ§§Ó flø,!ï˛ üöˆÏܲ
çyàÓ˚&ܲ ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏá–
ˆò¢ û˛yà •°– Ä ÓyÇ°y ˆåȈÏí˛¸ ã˛ˆÏ° xy§ˆÏï˛ •° ~˛õyˆÏÓ˚–
ˆ¢Ü˛í˛¸ !åÈÖˆÏí˛¸ í˛zˆÏFåÈò •ÄÎ˚y !ܲå%È üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ò°– Óy§y ÓyÑô° ~ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚
~ˆÏ§– ˆáy°y üyˆÏë˛ !ܲÇÓy ˆÜ˛yöÄ ÓƒyÓ˚yˆÏܲ– ˆÓшÏã˛ ÌyܲyÓ˚ çöƒ ï˛yÓ˚y
ï˛áö ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ xÓfliyˆÏܲ ˆüˆÏö !öˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yöÄ
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏӈϢÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˆüyܲy!Ó°yÓ˚ çöƒ ≤Ã›ï˛–
ï˛y åÈyí˛¸y í˛z˛õyÎ˚•z Óy ܲ#⁄ ˆ§ §Ó !òˆÏöÓ˚ ܲÌy xyÓåÈy xyÓåÈy
üˆÏö ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ï˛˛õ%Ó˚– üyÈÙÈÓyÓy ~ÓÇ xyd#Î˚ ˛õ!Ó˚çöˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˆÌˆÏܲ
ˆåÈyê˛ˆÏÓ°yÓ˚ ˆ§ !òö=ˆÏ°y x!ï˛e´ü ܲˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ– x!ï˛e´ü ܲˆÏÓ˚
xy§ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Ü˛!ë˛ö ˛õ!Ó˚!fli!ï˛– üyö x˛õüyö ӈϰ §Ω˛Óï˛ ˆ§ §üÎ˚
!ܲå%È !åÈ° ӈϰ üˆÏö •Î˚ öy– ܲyÓ˚î ˆ§ §üÎ˚ ÷ô% ~ܲê˛y•z !ç!ö§
!åÈ°ÈÙÙÙÙȈÓшÏã˛ Ìyܲy– Óí˛¸ •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ï˛˛õ%Ó˚ ~ ÓyÇ°yÎ˚ Ó§Óy§Ü˛yÓ˚#
üyö%£ÏçˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ◊k˛yÎ˚ üyÌy öï˛ •Î˚– ï˛yÓ˚y •zˆÏFåÈÎ˚ !ܲÇÓy x!öFåÈyÎ˚
Ä ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ üyö%£ÏˆÏòÓ˚ ˆüˆÏö öy !öˆÏ° ܲ# •ï˛⁄
á%Ó üˆÏö ˛õˆÏí˛¸ fl%҈ϰ ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ≤ÃÌü !òˆÏöÓ˚ ܲÌy– ~ܲê%˛ Óí˛¸
•ˆÏÎ˚•z fl%҈ϰ û˛!ï≈˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ï˛˛õ%– Óí˛¸ üyˆÏö Üœ˛y§ ˛ú˛y•zˆÏû˛–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü ÄÎ˚yö ê%˛ !Ì  fl%҈ϰ ˛õˆÏí˛¸y!ü–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ÈÙÙÙÙÈöy–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈflT…OÊ !ê˛öy xÓyܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÎ˚–ÈÙÙÙÙÈ•zç •zê˛ ˛õ!§Ó°‰⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxhsˇï˛ xyüyÓ˚ ˆÓ°y ˆï˛y ï˛y•z •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°–
!ê˛öy üyÌy öyˆÏí˛¸– xyçˆÏܲÓ˚ !òˆÏö ~ܲÌy û˛yÓy•z ÎyÎ˚ öy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyüyÎ˚ ≤ÃÌü !òö fl%҈ϰ ˆÜ˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° çyö⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙȇ⁄ ˆÜ˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyüyÓ˚ !˛õ!§üy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!˛õ!§üy üyˆÏö⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈüy•z ú˛yòyÓ˚Û§ ~”˛yÓ˚ !§fiê˛yÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛ö⁄ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ÓyÓy öÎ˚⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~áö xyÓ˚ xy!ü Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚Ó öyñ ˆÜ˛ö !˛õ!§üy xyüyˆÏܲ
!öˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö– fl%҈ϰÓ˚ x!ú˛§ âˆÏÓ˚ xyüyÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛•z Üœ˛yÜ≈˛
!çˆÏK˛§ ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°öñ ܲ# öyü⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛ˆÏ˛õwöyÌ Ó˚yÎ˚– ÓÎ˚§ ò¢–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈòƒyê˛§ x°‰Ê !ê˛öy !ÓfløˆÏÎ˚ •ï˛Óyܲ–ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛yöÄ ˆ˛õ˛õyÓ˚ ˆö•z⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈöy– §Ó ü%ˆÏá ü%ˆÏá–
!ê˛öy ï˛˛õ%Ó˚ ü%ˆÏáÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ •yÑ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏܲ–
ï˛˛õ%Ó˚ ü%ˆÏá •y!§–ÈÙÙÙÙÈÓƒy§ñ xyüyÓ˚ fl%҈ϰ ˆì˛yܲy •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà°– ~Ó˚
˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲÌy Î!ò ˆ¢yˆÏöyñ •zí˛z í˛z•z° !Ó çyfiê˛ úœ˛ƒyê˛–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈ•yÎ˚yê˛⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyüyÓ˚ •yú˛ÈÙÈ•zÎ˚y!°≈ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y •°– ˆÓ˚çyŒê˛ ˆÓÓ˚&°– xˆÏB˛
ˆ˛õ°yü !çˆÏÓ˚y– ¢)öƒ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!§¡õ!° !çˆÏÓ˚y⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!§¡õ!° !çˆÏÓ˚y–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxƒy•z ï˛˛õ%– •zí˛z üyfiê˛ !Ó ˆçy!ܲǖ !ê˛öy •y§ˆÏï˛ •y§ˆÏï˛ üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛
à!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸–
§ï˛Ó˚!M˛ÈÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ˚ ê˛yö ê˛yö •ˆÏÎ˚ ÷ˆÏÎ˚ Ìyܲy !ê˛öyÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ê˛yˆÏܲ
üˆÏö •ˆÏFåÈ ˆÎö xyÑܲy åÈ!Ó– ~ܲê˛y !ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚#Ó˚ ˆòˆÏ•Ó˚ ˆ≤Ãyû˛y•z°– ˆ§•z
ˆ≤Ãyú˛y•zˆÏ° xˆÏöܲ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ï%˛!° !òˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚ä °yàyˆÏöy xyˆÏåÈ–
ï˛˛õ%Ó˚ fl%҈ϰÓ˚ ܲÌy üˆÏö •ˆÏ° !öˆÏçˆÏܲ ˆÜ˛üö ˆÎö öfiê˛y°!çܲ
üˆÏö •Î˚– fl%҈ϰÓ˚ Üœ˛y§ âÓ˚– ï˛yÓ˚ ˆ˛õåȈÏö !ܲå%Èê˛y ç!ü– ˆ§áyˆÏö ˆåÈyê˛
Óí˛¸ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲê˛y àyåÈ xyˆÏåÈ– ~áyˆÏö ~ˆÏ§ !ò!âê˛y ˆÌˆÏü ˆàˆÏåÈ– çyö°y
!òˆÏÎ˚ ï˛yܲyˆÏ° !ò!âÓ˚ Ä!òˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï üyÌy ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚ öy– ~ܲ §üÎ˚
öy!ܲ !ò!âÓ˚ §ˆÏD àDyÓ˚ ˆÎyà !åÈ°– Ó˚â% í˛yܲyï˛ !åÈ˛õ ˆöÔܲy ܲˆÏÓ˚
~áyˆÏö ~ˆÏ§!åÈ°– fl%҈ϰÓ˚ ܲyåÈyܲy!åÈ !ò!âÓ˚ ˛õ%Ó ˛õyˆÏí˛¸ ˆÎ Óê˛àyåÈê˛y
xyˆÏåÈñ !åÈ˛õ !öˆÏÎ˚ xy§ï˛ ˆ§– àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ §ˆÏD !åÈ˛õ ˆÓшÏô Ó˚yáï˛–
á%Ó àÓ˚ˆÏüÓ˚ !òˆÏöÄ ï˛˛õ% ˆòˆÏáˆÏåÈ– Üœ˛y§âˆÏÓ˚ !ò!âÓ˚ ç°ÈÙȈåÈyÑÎ˚y
•yÄÎ˚y– !ӈϢ£Ï ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ê˛!ú˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Üœ˛y§ê˛yÎ˚ ï˛˛õ% ˆã˛yá á%ˆÏ° Ó˚yáˆÏï˛
˛õyÓ˚ï˛ öy– ˆã˛yáò%ˆÏê˛y Ó%ˆÏç xy§ï˛– ~ çöƒ ˆÓ¢ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲÓyÓ˚ ÓÜ%˛!ö
ˆáˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ üyfiê˛yÓ˚ü¢yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ– fl%҈ϰÓ˚ ˆ§•z §Ó !òö=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ ܲÌy
û˛yÓˆÏï˛ û˛yÓˆÏï˛ !ܲå%Èê˛y ˆÎö xöƒüöflÒ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ï˛˛õ%–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈܲ# •°⁄ ܲ# û˛yÓåÈ⁄ !ê˛öy í˛zˆÏë˛ ÓˆÏ§ñ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆà!Oê˛y ˆê˛ˆÏö
!ë˛Ü˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆöÎ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈöyñ ˆï˛üö !ܲå%È öÎ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ•zí˛z üyfiê˛ !Ó •y•z!í˛Ç–
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 ÈÙÙÙÙÈ°%ܲˆÏöyÓ˚ !ܲ xyˆÏåÈ⁄ ˆï˛yüyˆÏܲ fl%҈ϰÓ˚ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚
˛õ%Ó˚ˆÏöy ˆ§•z !òö=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ ܲÌy üˆÏö •!FåÈ°– ˆú˛ˆÏ° xy§y !òˆÏöÓ˚ flø,!ï˛–
ˆÓ¢ !åÈ° !òö=ˆÏ°y–
!ê˛öy •y§ˆÏï˛ •y§ˆÏï˛ Ó°°ñÈÙÙÙÙȈüü!Ó˚Ê
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ•zˆÏÎ˚§ ˆüü!Ó˚Ê Óí˛¸ •ˆÏ° Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓ flø,!ï˛Ó˚ =Ó˚&c ܲ#–
xü!ö !ê˛öy xy˛õ!_ çyöyÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈˆÜ˛ö xy!ü Óí˛¸ ••z!ö⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!åÈÊ !åÈÊ !çû˛ ܲyˆÏê˛ ï˛˛õ%– ˆï˛yüyÎ˚ ˆåÈyê˛ ˆÜ˛ Ó°ˆÏÓ⁄ ï%˛!ü
ˆï˛y ~áö ˆ°!í˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚–
!ܲå%Èê˛y ≤â!hflÏ •ˆÏ°Ä á%!¢ •Î˚ !ê˛öy– í˛zˆÏë˛ òyÑí˛¸yÎ˚– â!í˛¸Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ
ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ˆãÑ˛!ã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛ñÈÙÙÙÙÈxƒy•z üƒyöñ •zê˛ •zç !ú˛ú˛!ê˛ö ê%˛ ÄÎ˚yö– •zí˛z
üyfiê˛ !Ó •yÇà!Ó˚– ˆày •ƒyû˛ í˛zÄÓ˚ ÓyÌ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï%˛!ü⁄
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü ˆï˛y §Ü˛yˆÏ°•z ܲˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚!åÈ– áyÄÎ˚y òyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ xyÓ˚
~ܲÓyÓ˚ xB˛ !öˆÏÎ˚ §Ó§–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛y•ˆÏ° xy!ü !ܲ ~ܲê%˛Ó˚ çöƒÄ ÎyÓ öy àyˆÏí≈˛ˆÏö⁄
!ê˛öy §ˆÏD §ˆÏD í˛z_Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ñÈÙÙÙÙÈxyç xyÓ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ öy– xöƒ
ˆÜ˛yöÄ !òö ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ≤Ãy@ˇÃyü ܲˆÏÓ˚y– ˆ§ !òö xy!üÄ...xyüyÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚
ÎyˆÏÓ §ˆÏD ܲˆÏÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ=í˛ xy•z!í˛Î˚y– û˛y° ӈϰåÈ– ï˛˛õ% §üÌ≈ö ܲˆÏÓ˚–
fl¨yö ˆ§ˆÏÓ˚ ï˛˛õ% âˆÏÓ˚ ì%˛ˆÏܲ ˆòˆÏáñ ~ܲê˛y ˆåÈyR ˆày° ˆê˛!Ó°–
ˆê˛!ӈϰÓ˚ ò%Û˛õyˆÏ¢ ò%ˆÏê˛y ≤’y!fiê˛Ü˛ ˆã˛Î˚yÓ˚ ˛õyï˛y– !ê˛öy ĈÏòÓ˚ !ܲˆÏã˛ö ˆÌˆÏܲ
ˆãÑ˛!ã˛ˆÏÎ˚ Ó°°ñÈÙÙÙÙÈ~ܲê%˛ ӈϧyñ ú ˛y•zê˛y àÓ˚ü ܲˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ xy§!åÈ– ò%Û!ï˛ö
!ü!öˆÏê˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ò%ÛˆÏê˛y ˆ≤’ê˛ ò%Û•yˆÏï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏö ˆê˛!ӈϰÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ Ó˚yá°–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü ˆ•yˆÏê˛ˆÏ° !ܲå%È çyöy•z!ö–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈ§y ˆ•yÎ˚yê˛⁄ !ê˛öyÓ˚ §ˆÏD §ˆÏD í˛z_Ó˚– ï%˛!ü ÎyÄ!ö üyˆÏö•z
ÄÓ˚y ôˆÏÓ˚ ˆöˆÏÓ ~ ˆÓ°y ï%˛!ü xö%˛õ!fliï˛–
ˆ≤’ˆÏê˛ ˆüyê˛ü%!ê˛û˛yˆÏÓ áyÓyÓ˚ §y!çˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏöˆÏåÈ– û˛yˆÏï˛Ó˚ §ˆÏD §ˆÏD
ˆÓ í˛Ä Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Ü˛ˆÏÎ˚ܲ !˛õ§– ï˛y åÈyí˛¸y Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ !í˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ܲy!Ó˚ xyÓ˚ ú ˛y•z–
ï˛ˆÏÓ §!∂Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Óy°y•z ˆö•z–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!í˛ˆÏüÓ˚ ܲy!Ó˚ ˆÜ˛ Óy!öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ⁄ ï˛˛õ% !çˆÏK˛§ ܲˆÏÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü–
ÈÙÙÙÙȧ%®Ó˚ ˆflø° xy§ˆÏåÈ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈû˛y° à¶˛– ~áö ˆáˆÏÎ˚ ˆòá ˆÜ˛üö °yˆÏà⁄ !ê˛öy •yˆÏ§–
xyüyÓ˚ ˆ§û˛yˆÏÓ Ó˚yߨy ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ xû˛ƒy§ ˆö•z– ï˛ˆÏÓ üyˆÏé˛ üyˆÏé˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛
˛õyÓ˚ˆÏ° û˛y°•z °yˆÏà–
ÈÙÙÙÙȈÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yöÄ !ӣψÏÎ˚Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ •zrê˛yˆÏÓ˚fiê˛ Ìyܲy•z xy§° !Ó£ÏÎ˚–
ï˛˛õ% !ê˛öyÓ˚ ܲÌyÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˆÎyà ˆòÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ üyˆÏé˛ üˆÏôƒ ˆ§ê˛y !öˆÏÎ˚
ã˛ã≈˛y– ï˛y•ˆÏ°•z ˆ§•z !ӣψÏÎ˚Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ ì%˛ˆÏܲ ˛õí˛¸y •ˆÏÓ–
§ã˛Ó˚yã˛Ó˚ xyüÓ˚y ˆÎ ôÓ˚ˆöÏ Ó˚ ˆã˛Î˚yÓ˚ xÌÓy ˆÜ˛òyÓ˚y ˆòáˆÏï˛ xû˛ƒhflñÏ
ï˛yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ öÓyˆÏÓÓ˚ Ü%˛!§≈ §¡õ)î≈ xy°yòy– ˜Ó!¢‹Tƒ˛õ)î≈– •züyüÓyí˛¸yÓ˚
ˆÜ˛yöÄ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy §û˛yÎ˚ ˆÎyà !òˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ° ~ê˛y•z !åÈ° ï˛yÑÓ˚ í˛z˛õˆÏÓ¢ˆÏöÓ˚
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•yï˛° ˆâyÓ˚yˆÏöy– §yüˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õy ò%ˆÏê˛y ˆòáˆÏ° üˆÏö •ˆÏÓ ˆÎö ò%ˆÏê˛y çv–
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ò%ˆÏê˛y çv üyÌyÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓ˚ˆÏáˆÏåÈ Ü%˛!§≈ê˛yˆÏܲ– ˆ•°yö ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚
ò%ÛôyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ öܲ¢yÎ˚ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ üyˆÏåÈÓ˚ xö%Ü,˛!ï˛– üyˆÏåÈÓ˚ ~•z öܲ¢y xyÑܲy
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!¢“#Ó˚y §ühflÏ !òö û˛ˆÏÓ˚ â%!í˛¸ Óy!öˆÏÎ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ– ~ܲòü Óy•zˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xLjϢ
Ó˚yhflÏyÓ˚ ôyˆÏÓ˚ §y!Ó˚Ó!® ܲy˛õí˛¸ ~ÓÇ ˆ•y!§Î˚y!Ó˚Ó˚ ˆòyܲyö–
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˛õÓ˚«˛ˆÏî•z òÓ˚çyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ Ó!§Ó˚ ~ˆÏ§ xÓyܲÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛˛õ%⁄
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ܲ# ܲˆÏÓ˚⁄
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
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ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÎ˚–
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ˆì˛ˆÏܲ ˆòÎ˚– ï˛˛õ% ܲyåÈyܲy!åÈ •ˆÏï˛•z •yï˛ ï%˛ˆÏ° öüflÒyÓ˚ çyöyÎ˚–
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ã˛y ç°áyÓyÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ xy§!åÈ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛yí˛¸y‡ˆÏí˛¸y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ öy– xy!ü xˆÏöܲ«˛î ÌyܲӖ
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ÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛y öÎ˚ ˆï˛y !ܲ⁄
§Ü˛yˆÏ° ã˛y ç°áyÓyÓ˚ ˆáˆÏï˛ ˆáˆÏï˛•z ò¢ê˛y •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà°– öçüy
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Ó!§Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y ˆåÈyR ˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚ xyˆÏåÈ– Ä ÓˆÏ° ˆí˛yÓy– üyåÈ •Î˚–
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Ó!§Ó˚ˆÏܲ Ä çyˆÏö– ü%ˆÏá ~ܲ xyÓ˚ üˆÏö xyÓ˚ ~ܲ •ˆÏï˛ çyˆÏö öy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈÓÓ˚Ç ã˛ˆÏ°y xyüÓ˚y àDyÓ˚ ôyÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ â%ˆÏÓ˚ xy!§– Ó!§Ó˚ ≤ÃhflÏyÓ
Ó˚yˆÏá–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈã˛ˆÏ°y–
Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ò%Ûáyöy ˛õyö ˆá° ò%ÛçˆÏö– ï˛˛õ% !ü!‹T ˛õyï˛yÎ˚ !ü!‹T
§%˛õy!Ó˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ áˆÏÎÓ˚ ˚ åÈyí˛¸y ˛õyö– Ó!§ˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ ÓyÇ°y ˛õyï˛yÈÙÙÙÙÈã˛% ö áˆÏÎÓ˚ ˚ §Ó!ܲå%È
ã˛y•z– ~ܲòü ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï ÓyÑ •yˆÏï˛ ~ܲê%˛ çò≈y– ˛õyö !ã˛ˆÏÓyˆÏï˛ !ã˛ˆÏÓyˆÏï˛ ÓyÑ •yï˛
ˆÌˆÏܲ x“ x“ çò≈y !öˆÏÎ˚ ü%ˆÏá !òˆÏï˛ ÌyܲˆÏ° ~ܲê˛y ˆüçyç •Î˚–
≤Ã̈Ïü ܲÌy ï%˛°° Ó!§Ó˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyçˆÏܲÓ˚ ܲyàç ˆòˆÏáåÈ⁄ ò%‹Tã˛ˆÏe´Ó˚
•!ò§ ˆü!ê˛Î˚yÓ%Ó˚&ˆÏç– Ó!§Ó˚ àΩ˛#Ó˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~ áÓˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ üö áyÓ˚y˛õ •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ !ܲ xyˆÏåÈ⁄ ï˛˛õ% ˆÓyé˛yÎ˚–
˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ ˛õ!Ó˚!fliï˛ ~§Ó ˆï˛y ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛ ˆö•z–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ÈÙÙÙÙȧӕz çy!öñ Ó%!鲖 ï˛Ó% üö áyÓ˚y˛õ •Î˚– ~ê˛y xyüyÓ˚ çß√fliyö–
xy!ü ~áyˆÏö Óí˛¸ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ– Ó!§Ó˚ˆÏܲ xˆÏöܲê˛y í˛zˆÏ_!çï˛ ˆòáyÎ˚–
~Ó˚ xyˆÏàÄ ~ !Ó£ÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ï˛˛õ%Ó˚ §ˆÏD Ó!§ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– §!ï˛ƒ §!ï˛ƒ•z ~ çyÎ˚àyê˛y e´ü¢ áyÓ˚y˛õ •ˆÏÎ˚•z ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ⁄ !ܲv
ˆÜ˛ö⁄ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒÜ˛ !ܲå%ÈÓ˚•z ~ܲê˛y ܲyÓ˚î xyˆÏåÈ– ˆ§ §ühflÏ á!ï˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòáy
xï˛ƒhsˇ çÓ˚&!Ó˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ≤ây§ö ~ÓÇ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ~ §ühflÏ ˆòáyÓ˚ çöƒ ÎyÓ˚y Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö
ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛z͈ϧ ì%˛ˆÏܲ ü)°ê˛y ˆòáy ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyFåÈyñ ï%˛!ü•z ӈϰy öyñ ~ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ~ܲê˛y öï%˛ö fl%Ò° •ˆÏï˛
ˆòˆÏáåÈ⁄ Ó!§Ó˚ ï˛Ìƒ ˆòÎ˚ñ !ܲÇÓy ˆÜ˛yöÄ ~ܲê˛y §yçyˆÏöy ˛õyÜ≈˛⁄
°y•zˆÏÓ !Ó˚Ó˚ ܲÌy Óyò•z !ò°yü– §yçyˆÏöy ˆàyåÈyˆÏöy ~ܲê˛y ÓyçyÓ˚⁄
ï˛˛õ% fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚– ò#â≈!òˆÏöÓ˚ x!û˛K˛ï˛yÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ !ܲå%È•z ˆ§
ˆòˆÏá!ö– x≤âhflÏ Ó˚yhflÏyâyê˛– Ó!hflÏ xyÓ˚Ä àû˛#Ó˚ Ó!hflψÏï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ–
çyö°y•#ö ~ܲê˛y òüÓ¶˛ ܲÓ˚y âˆÏÓ˚ Óy§ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ üyö%£Ï e´ü¢
!öò≈Î˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏåÈ– §üyˆÏç Óy§ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ˆÓyôÓ%!k˛ xyˆÏhflÏ xyˆÏhflÏ
ˆ°y˛õ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFåÈ– §Ω˛Óï˛ ~ §ühflÏ çyÎ˚àyÓ˚ üyö%£ÏÓ˚y e´ˆÏü e´ˆÏü
!¢Ü˛yÓ˚ •ˆÏFåÈ üyö!§Ü˛ x§%fliï˛yÓ˚–
ã%˛˛õã˛y˛õ •yÑê˛!åÈ° ÄÓ˚y ò%ÛçˆÏö–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ~•z ˆÎ •zê˛û˛y!ê˛=ˆÏ°y ˆòáåÈ– Ó!§Ó˚ ~áö xˆÏöܲy•z
fl∫yû˛y!Óܲ– ÈÙÙÙÙȈò¢ fl∫yô#ö •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ÓåÈÓ˚ ò%Û~ܲ xyˆÏà ˆÌˆÏܲ àí˛¸ˆÏï˛
ÌyˆÏܲ– ï˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏà ~ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ !åÈ° öy!ܲ ÓyÓ˚&ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚áyöy– ï˛yÓ˚
ˆÜ˛yöÄ !ã˛•´ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚!ö– ˆÎüö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃÌü ˆâyí˛¸ˆÏòÔˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ üy벖
ï˛yÄ ˆï˛y ~ xM˛ÈˆÏ°•z !åÈ°– !öò¢≈ˆÏöÓ˚ xû˛yˆÏÓ §!ï˛ƒÜ˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çyÎ˚ày
!öô≈yÓ˚î ܲÓ˚y §Ω˛Ó •Î˚!ö–
•zê˛û˛yê˛yÎ˚ •zê˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ ܲyç ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– ~ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ◊!üܲ ˆåȈϰ
ˆüˆÏÎ˚ ò%•zÈÙÈ•z xyˆÏåÈ– ÷ô% Ó£Ï≈yÓ˚ §üÎ˚ •zê˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ ܲyç Ó¶˛ ÌyˆÏܲ–
ï˛˛õ% ӈϰÈÙÙÙÙȈӢ °yàˆÏåÈ !ܲv çyÎ˚àyê˛y– ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ~ï˛ Ü˛yˆÏåÈ
!ܲv §¡õ)î≈ xöƒÓ˚ܲü ~ܲ ã˛!Ó˚e–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyüÓ˚y §ã˛Ó˚yã˛Ó˚ ~ Ó˚ܲü ò,¢ƒ ˆòáˆÏï˛ xû˛ƒhflÏ ö•z– ï˛y•z
û˛y° °yàˆÏåÈ– û˛y° ˆ°ˆÏàˆÏåÈ ◊!üܲˆÏòÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ §yüˆÏöÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ°
xyÑܲy åÈ!Ó=ˆÏ°y– ú%˛° ˛õy!á °ï˛y ˛õyï˛y !òˆÏÎ˚ åÈ!Ó=ˆÏ°y xyÑܲy– ï˛yˆÏï˛
xyÓyÓ˚ öyöy ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ xyˆÏåÈ–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~ çyÎ˚àyê˛yÓ˚Ä xyˆÏàÓ˚ öyü !åÈ° ôy˛õy üyö˛õ%Ó˚ ü•°⁄ ï˛˛õ%
≤ß¿ ܲˆÏÓ˚–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ•Î˚ï˛ Óy– Ó!§Ó˚ §•çû˛yˆÏÓ í˛z_Ó˚ ˆòÎ˚– ï˛ˆÏÓ ~áyˆÏö ~ܲê˛y
öyã˛ÈÙÈâÓ˚ !åÈ°– xyüyÓ˚ ˆåÈyê˛ˆÏÓ°yÎ˚ ˆòˆÏá!åÈ– ˆâyÓ˚yˆÏöy ˆày° âÓ˚– xy!ü
Îáö ˆòˆÏá!åÈ üyÌyÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ åÈyí˛z!ö ˆòÄÎ˚y !åÈ° öy– xˆÏöܲê˛y
˛õƒyˆÏàyí˛yÓ˚ üï˛ ˆòáˆÏï˛–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈ~áö xyÓ˚ ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚ öy–
ÈÙÙÙÙÈxy!ü xˆÏöܲ!òö ˆáÎ˚y° ܲ!Ó˚!ö–
àDy ~áyˆÏö ÓÑyܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ â%ˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ ÓÑy !òˆÏܲ– ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ ˆÜ˛yÌyÄ ˛õyí˛¸
ˆû˛ˆÏä ì%˛ˆÏܲ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ !û˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚– áy!í˛¸Ó˚ çyÎ˚ày=ˆÏ°yˆÏï˛ ˛õ!° ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– ~áö
û˛yê˛y– ç° !ï˛Ó˚ !ï˛Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆöˆÏü ÎyˆÏFåÈ ö#ˆÏã˛– §yàˆÏÓ˚ !ü¢ˆÏÓ– ÓyшÏܲÓ˚
ü%ˆÏá ˆ˛õyê≈˛ ê˛∆yˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ !§àöƒy!°Ç üyfiê˛ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ≤Ãï˛#ܲ– ~•z ü%•)ˆÏï≈˛•z ˆÜ˛yöÄ
!ã˛•´ ˆòáyˆÏFåÈÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛˛õ% !ܲÇÓy §!ÓˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆ§ xÌ≈ çyöy ˆö•z– S§üyÆV
15
 ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚ flø,!ï˛ôöƒ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛
ò¢≈ö#Î˚ fliyö
§yÎ˚hsˇö üç%üòyÓ˚
2 011ÈÙÙÙÙȧy°!ê˛ ÷ô%üye Ó˚Ó#w§yô≈¢ï˛Ó£Ï≈˛õ)!ï≈˛ öÎ˚ñ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è
˛õÓ˚ü•Ç§ˆÏòˆÏÓÓ˚ çˆÏß√Ó˚ 175 Ó£Ï≈˛õ)!ï≈˛ Ä !ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yôyˆÏöÓ˚ 125
Ó£Ï≈˛õ)!ï≈˛Ó˚ çöƒÄ fløÓ˚î#Î˚– ~•z !ӈϢ£Ï ӈϣ≈Ï Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÎÜ˚ ˛!ê˛ ò¢≈ö#Î˚
fliyö ≤çˆÏD ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚ ˛õ%îƒöyüfløÓ˚î xÓ¢ƒÜ˛ï≈˛Óƒ– ˆ§•z í˛zˆÏjˆÏ¢ƒ•z
~ ≤Ãӈ϶˛Ó˚ xÓï˛yÓ˚îy–
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è §ˆÏï˛ˆÏÓ˚y ÓåÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ§ñ 1853 §yˆÏ° ≤ÃÌü ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚
xyˆÏ§ö– ˛õí˛¸yˆÏ¢yöyÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî !˛õï,˛§ü ˆçƒ¤˛ ºyï˛y Ó˚yüÜ%˛üyÓ˚
ï˛yшÏܲ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ xyˆÏöö– ï˛yÑÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ é˛yüy˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚ ã˛ï%˛‹õyë˛#ˆÏï˛ û˛!ï≈˛
•ö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– ï˛áö xÓ¢ƒ !ï˛!ö !ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ àòyôÓ˚– ~áyˆÏö Ìyܲyܲy°#ö
ˆày!Ó® ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ Ó˚yôyÜ,˛£è !Ó@ˇÃˆÏ•Ó˚ ˛õ)çy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö
!ï˛!ö– Óï≈˛üyˆÏö !Ó@ˇÃˆÏ•Ó˚ Óí˛¸ ü!®Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~áyöܲyÓ˚ !Óáƒyï˛
16
é˛yüy˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚ Ó˚yçÓy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ öyÓ˚yÎ˚î ˛õ)çy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ xy§ˆÏï˛ö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è–
Óï≈˛üyˆÏö Ó˚yçÓy!í˛¸!ê˛Ó˚ x!ôܲyÇ¢•z !Ó!e´ •ˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z Ó˚yçÓy!í˛¸Ó˚
≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yï˛y !åȈϰö Ó˚yçy !òà¡∫Ó˚ !üe– !ï˛!ö !í˛ˆÏÓ˚y!çÄÓ˚ åÈye
˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ≤ÃÌü ˆ¢!Ó˚ú˛ •ˆÏÎ!˚ åȈ°
Ï ö– é˛yüy˛õ%ܲ% ˆÏÓ˚ Ìyܲyܲy°#ö
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ !Óáƒyï˛ Ü˛y°#Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ xy§ˆÏï˛ö– 1110
ÓDyˆÏ∑ ¢B˛Ó˚ ˆây£Ï ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ !Óôyö §Ó˚!îÓ˚ ë˛öë˛ö!öÎ˚y ܲy°#Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛–
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~áyˆÏö üyˆÏܲ àyö ˆ¢yöyˆÏï˛ xy§ˆÏï˛ö– ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛Ä ˆÓ¢
ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲÓyÓ˚ !ï˛!ö ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈö– ï˛yÑÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü ˛õy£Ï≈ò §%ˆÏÓyôyö®ç# ~•z
¢B˛Ó˚ ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ≤ÃˆÏ˛õÔe !åȈϰö– ~•z ü!®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲy°#üyï˛yÓ˚ öyü •°
!§ˆÏk˛ŸªÓ˚#–
Ó y·˛§üyˆÏçÓ˚ !Óáƒyï˛ ˆöï˛y ˆÜ˛¢Óã˛w ˆ§ö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚
~ܲçö û˛_´ !åȈϰö– 1886 §yˆÏ° §•ˆÏÎyà#ˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏD üï˛ˆÏû˛ˆÏòÓ˚
ú˛ˆÏ° !ï˛!ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£≈Ï#Î˚ Ó y·˛§üyç ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
~Ó˚•z ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛ öyü •Î˚ öÓ!Óôyö Ó y·˛§üyç– 1869 §yˆÏ°
!ö!ü≈ï˛ ~•z ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yˆÏöÓ˚ §üyçÈÙÈü!®Ó˚!ê˛ Óï≈˛üyˆÏö 95 öÇ ˆÜ˛¢Óã˛w
ˆ§ö !flT…ˆÏê˛ xÓ!fliï˛– ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~ܲy!ôܲÓyÓ˚ ~•z ü!®ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈö–
ˆÜ˛¢Óã˛w ˆ§ˆÏöÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛ üï˛!ÓˆÏÓ˚yˆÏôÓ˚ ú˛ˆÏ° !¢ÓöyÌ ¢yflf#ñ
xyã˛yÎ≈ !ÓçÎ˚Ü,˛£è ≤Ãü%á !Ó!¢‹Tçö 1878 §yˆÏ° §yôyÓ˚î Ó y·˛§üyç
≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– 1881 §yˆÏ° ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ §üyçü!®Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ •Î˚
Óï≈˛üyö !Óôyö §Ó˚!îˆÏï˛– ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~áyˆÏöÄ ˆÓ¢ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲÓyÓ˚
÷û˛yàüö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– ˆÜ˛¢Óã˛w ˆ§ˆÏöÓ˚ Óy§û˛ÓˆÏöÓ˚ Óï≈˛üyö !ë˛Ü˛yöy
•° 78†!Óñ xyã˛yÎ≈ ≤Ãú%˛Õ‘ã˛w ˆÓ˚yí˛ñ Ó˚yçyÓyçyÓ˚– ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~ˆÏ°•z
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◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚ ò[˛yÎ˚üyö xÓfliyÎ˚ §üy!ôfli •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆÎ åÈ!Ó xyç
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§Ó˚!îˆÏï˛ xy!ò Ó y·˛ §üyçü!®ˆÏÓ˚Ä !ï˛!ö !àˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ Óyò%í˛¸ÓyàyˆÏö {ŸªÓ˚ã˛w !Óòƒy§yàˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !öÓyˆÏ§Ó˚ Óï≈˛üyö
!ë˛Ü˛yöy •° 36ñ !Óòƒy§yàÓ˚ !flT…ê˛– !ܲv Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ Óï≈˛üyˆÏö û˛#£Ïî
çÓ˚yç#î≈ Ä ˛õ!Ó˚Ó!ï≈˛ï˛– 5 xyàfiê˛ 1882 §yˆÏ° ~•z Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛
!Óòƒy§yàˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ˆÏD ˆòáy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏ§ö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– §ˆÏD !åȈϰö
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•ö– ˛õˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yшÏܲ ӈϰö Úxyç §yàˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§ !ü°°yü– ~ï˛!òö áy°
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
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ï%˛!ü ˆÎ !ÓòƒyÓ˚ §yàÓ˚Ê ï%˛!ü «˛#Ó˚§ü%oÊÛ
~•z Óyò%í˛¸ÓyàyˆÏö•z öÓˆÏày˛õy° ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ ~ܲ!òö üˆÏ•yͧÓ
í˛z˛õ°ˆÏ«˛ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– ï˛yÑÓ˚ ã˛[˛#ü[˛ˆÏ˛õ û˛yàÓï˛ ˛õyë˛
˛õòyÓ!° ܲ#ï≈˛ö ÷ˆÏö !eû˛Dü%Ó˚°#ôyÓ˚# Ó˚*ˆÏ˛õ òyÑ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è–
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲy!ôܲ ü!®ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö– !ܲv !ï˛!ö
ˆÎ §y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ !åȈϰö öy ~ܲçö Ó y·˛î˛õ)çyÓ˚# •ˆÏÎ˚ñ ï˛yÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚yê˛
≤Ãüyî ~•z ¢•Ó˚ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ܲ°yÓyàyö xM˛ÈˆÏ° ~ܲ!ê˛ ¢ï˛Ó£Ï≈y!ôܲ
≤Ãyã˛#ö ü§!çˆÏòÓ˚ Óï≈˛üyö !ë˛Ü˛yöy •° 142ñ !ã˛_Ó˚Oö xƒy!û˛!öí˛z–
ò!«˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ üyï,˛ò¢≈ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆú˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ~•z ü§!çˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲ
ú˛!ܲˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲˆÏZ˛ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è Ú˛õƒyˆÏÓ˚ñ xy ÎyÄÛ àyö!ê˛ ÷ˆÏö ˆòÔˆÏí˛¸ !àˆÏÎ˚
ï˛yшÏܲ ç!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ôˆÏÓ˚ö– xyÓyÓ˚ 33†!Ó Ó˚yüˆÏüy•ö §Ó˚!îˆÏï˛ xÓ!fliï˛
ˆ•y!° !ê˛∆!ö!ê˛ ã˛yã≈˛ Óy °Ç§yˆÏ•ˆÏÓÓ˚ !àç≈yÎ˚ ~ܲ!òö ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– !ï˛!ö ~Ó˚ xyˆÏà !á ˆÏfiê˛Ó˚ û˛yˆÏÓ !ï˛ö!òö ò!«˛ˆÏˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
˛õM˛ÈÓê˛#ˆÏï˛ !Î÷ˆÏܲ ˆòˆÏá!åȈϰö– ï˛yÑÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#ˆÏÓ˚ !Î÷Ó˚ ≤ÈÏÓ¢ Ä °#ö
•ÄÎ˚y xö%û˛Ó ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– ~Ó˚ ú˛ˆÏ° !ï˛!ö !á fiê˛yöˆÏòÓ˚ í˛z˛õy§öy
˛õk˛!ï˛ ˆòáyÓ˚ çöƒ í˛zò@ˇÃ#Ó •ö– ~ÓÇ ï˛y ˆòáˆÏï˛•z ~ܲ!òö ~•z
!àç≈yÎ˚ xyˆÏ§ö–
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£èˆÏòˆÏÓÓ˚ ˆ◊¤˛ !¢£Ïƒ öˆÏÓ˚wöyÌ û˛!ӣσˆÏï˛ ˆÎ fl∫yü#
!ÓˆÏÓܲyö® •ˆÏÓöñ ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ ˆÎö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è•z ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚
!òˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö– !§ü%!°Î˚y xM˛ÈˆÏ° ~ܲy!ôܲÓyÓ˚ñ ~ܲy!ôܲ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ˛õòy˛õ≈î
ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ï˛!ö ˆÎö fliyö!ê˛ˆÏܲ !¢ˆÏ£ÏƒÓ˚ çöƒ xyˆÏà ˆÌˆÏܲ•z §yôöyÓ˚
í˛z˛õˆÏÎyà# ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓ˚ˆÏá!åȈϰö– fl∫yü# !ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ !ï˛!ö ˆÓ¢
ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲÓyÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö– fl∫yü# !ÓˆÏÓܲyö® ï˛yÑÓ˚ üyï˛yü•#Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ S7
Ó˚yüï˛ö% Ó§% ˆ°öV ~ܲ!ê˛ âˆÏÓ˚ àyöÓyçöy Ä ˆ°áy˛õí˛¸y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö–
~ Óy!í˛¸ˆïÏ ˛ ~ܲy!ôܲÓyÓ˚ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~ˆÏ§!åȈ° Ï ö– !öܲê˛Óï˛#≈ Ó˚yçˆÏüy•ˆÏöÓ˚
Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ fl∫yü# !ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ Î%Óܲ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ§ Ó y·˛í˛z˛õy§öy ˆòáˆÏï˛ 1882
§yˆÏ°Ó˚ 16 öˆÏû˛¡∫Ó˚ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– !öܲê˛Óï≈˛# 11 üô% Ó˚yÎ˚
ˆ°ˆÏö xô%öy°%Æ Ó˚yüã˛w òˆÏ_Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ≤Ã!ï˛ ÓåÈÓ˚
˜Óáy¢# ˛õ)!î≈üyÎ˚ xy§ˆÏï˛ö– ~ åÈyí˛¸yÄ §%ˆÏÓ˚w !üeñ üˆÏöyˆÏüy•ö
!üˆÏeÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛Ä !ï˛!ö ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö–
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è §y!ߨˆÏôƒ ÓyàÓyçyÓ˚ ~°yܲy xyçÄ ˛õ%îƒöyüy– ~áyˆÏö
öyê˛ƒÜ˛yÓ˚ !à!Ó˚¢ã˛w ˆàyˆÏ£ÓÏ ˚ Óy!í˛¸ñ Ó°Ó˚yü Ó§%Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ SÓï≈˛üyˆÏö Ó°Ó˚yü
ü!®Ó˚Vñ ö®°y° Ó§%Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ñ ò#ööyÌ Ó§%Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ SˆÎáyˆÏö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚
§y«˛yÍ!¢£Ïƒ fl∫yü# xá[˛yö® ï˛yшÏܲ ≤ÃÌü ˆòˆÏá!åȈϰöVñ xyçÄ
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚ flø,!ï˛ˆÏï˛ x¡‘yö– ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó‡°#°yÓ˚ §y«˛# Ó°Ó˚yü Ó§%Ó˚
Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ˆÏܲ ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ Ó°ˆÏï˛ö ÚˆÜ˛Õ‘yÛ–
ÓyàÓyçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !öܲê˛Óï˛#≈ ˆ¢yû˛yÓyçyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ 97!Ó ˆÓ!öÎ˚yˆÏê˛°y
!flT…ˆÏê˛ xôÓ˚°y° ˆ§ˆÏöÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è öÈÙÈÓyÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö– ~•z
Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛•z ~ܲ!òö ï˛yÑÓ˚ §ˆÏD §y!•ï˛ƒ§¡Àyê˛ Ó!B˛üã˛w ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
§y«˛yï˛ âˆÏê˛– ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ û˛àÓï˛ ≤çD !öˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÄ •Î˚–
≤ÃÌü xy°yˆÏ˛õ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è Ó!B˛üã˛wˆÏܲ ӈϰ!åȈϰöñ ÚÓ!B˛üÊ ï%˛!ü
xyÓyÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ û˛yˆÏÓ˚ ÓyÑܲy ˆàyÊÛ ˆö!ê˛û˛ ˆí˛˛õ%!ê˛ üƒy!çˆÏflT…ê˛ Ó!B˛üã˛w
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
í˛z_ˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰ!åȈϰö ÚxyÓ˚ ü•y¢Î˚Ê ç%ˆÏï˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛yˆÏê˛– §yˆÏ•ˆÏÓÓ˚ ç%ˆÏï˛yÓ˚
ˆã˛yˆÏê˛ ÓyÑܲy–Û
Ó˚Ó#wflø,!ï˛ôöƒ ˆçyí˛¸y§yшÏܲy ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛Ä ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~ܲ!òö
÷û˛yàüö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ï˛ˆÏÓ Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˆòáy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ öÎ˚ñ ï˛yÑÓ˚
!˛õï˛y ü•!£Ï≈ ˆòˆÏÓwöyÌ ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ˆÏD ˆòáy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– !òöê˛y !åÈ° 26
xˆÏQyÓÓ˚ 1884 §y°– ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛ öyöy ≤çˆÏD ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ˆòˆÏÓwöyÌ
ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛ ӈϰ!åȈϰöñ Úˆòá°yüñ ˆÎyà ˆû˛yà ò%•z•z xyˆÏåÈ–... ÎyÓ˚
xyê˛ ˆåȈϰ xyÓyÓ˚ ˆüˆÏÎ˚ñ ˆ§ {ŸªÓ˚!ã˛hsˇy ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ öy ˆï˛y ˆÜ˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓñ
~ï˛ ˙ŸªÎ≈ ˆû˛yà ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ Î!ò {ŸªÓ˚!ã˛hsˇy öy ܲÓ˚ï˛ñ ˆ°yˆÏܲ Ó°ï˛
!ô܉˛ÊÛ ≤çDï˛ í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ 2 ˆü 1883 §yˆÏ° ö®öÓyàyˆÏö ܲy¢#ŸªÓ˚
!üˆÏeÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ Ó y·˛§üyˆÏçÓ˚ í˛zͧˆÏÓ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~ÓÇ Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ
ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ í˛zû˛ˆÏÎ˚•z í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö–
xyç ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§û˛yÓ˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà fiê˛yÓ˚ !̈ÏÎ˚ê˛yÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãyã˛#ö
˙!ï˛•ƒ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z fiê˛yÓ˚ !̈ÏÎ˚ê˛yˆÏÓ˚ ~ܲy!ôܲÓyÓ˚ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è
~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö Ú̃yê˛yÓ˚Û S!̈ÏÎ˚ê˛yÓ˚V ˆòáˆÏï˛– 21 ˆ§ˆÏ≤Wz¡∫Ó˚ 1884
§yˆÏ° Ú˜ã˛ï˛öƒ°#°y öyê˛ˆÏܲ ˜ã˛ï˛öƒÓ˚*˛õ# x!û˛ˆÏöe# öê˛# !ÓˆÏöy!òö#ˆÏܲ
ˆòˆÏá !ï˛!ö ï˛yÑÓ˚ üyÌyÎ˚ •yï˛ ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ӈϰ!åȈϰö Úˆï˛yÓ˚ ˜ã˛ï˛öƒ ˆ•yܲ–Û
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ˆüå%ÈÎ˚yÓyçyÓ˚ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ~ܲ !ӈϢ£Ï
âê˛öyÓ˚ §y«˛#– ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ˆÏܲ ˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ Ó˚y!ö Ó˚y§ü!î ~ÓÇ
üÌ%Ó˚ÓyÓ% ~áyöܲyÓ˚ °åÈü# Óy•zˆÏÎ˚ÈÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ï˛yшÏܲ ˛õyë˛yö– ï˛yшÏܲ
≤Èϰy!û˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲÓ˚y •Î˚– ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çàß√yï˛yK˛yˆÏö
ÚüyÛ ÚüyÛ ÓˆÏ° !ã˛ÍܲyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ Óy•ƒK˛yö •yÓ˚yö– ï˛áö ˆ§•z
öyÓ˚#Ó˚y ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ «˛üyÈÙÈ≤ÃyÌ≈öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
˛õyÌ%!Ó˚Î˚yâyê˛y !flT…ˆÏê˛Ó˚ ~ܲy!ôܲ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è !àˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö–
ˆÎüö ü•yÓ˚yçy Îï˛#wˆÏüy•ö ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ñ ˆá°yï˛ã˛w ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸–
67 ˛õyÌ%!Ó˚Îy˚ âyê˛y !flTˆ… êÏ ˛ Îò%°y° ü!Õ‘ˆÜÏ ˛Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆïÏ ˛ Ü%˛°ˆÏòÓ# !§Ç•Óy!•ö#Ó˚
ò¢≈ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ~ܲÓyÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– !òöê˛y !åÈ° 21 ç%°y•z
1883 §y°– öyê˛ƒü!®ˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÑÓ˚ û˛yÓ§üy!ô •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˆ§!òö–
ò!«˛ˆÏÓ˚ ü!®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛ye# Ó˚y!ö Ó˚y§ü!îÓ˚ çyöÓyçyÓ˚
Ó˚yçû˛ÓˆÏöÓ˚ Óï≈˛üyö !ë˛Ü˛yöy 13 Ó˚y!ö Ó˚y§ü!î ˆÓ˚yí˛– ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~
Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ° ˆÎ áyˆÏê˛ ÷ˆÏï˛öñ ˆ§ê˛y xyçÄ §ÎˆÏb Ó˚!«˛ï˛ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
~ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛– ë˛yÜ%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §á#û˛yÓ §yôöܲyˆÏ°Ó˚ Ó‡ âê˛öyÓ˚ §y«˛# ~•z
Óy!í˛¸– ~•z Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ò%à≈y˛õ)çyÎ˚ ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è xyO!°Ä !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ò¢≈ö#Î˚ fliyö=!°Ó˚ xöƒï˛ü xy!°˛õ%Ó˚ !ã˛!í˛¸Î˚yáyöy–
24 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ 1884 §yˆÏ° !¢ÓöyÌ ¢yflf#Ó˚ §ˆÏD ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~ܲÓyÓ˚
~áyˆÏö ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö– ~áyöܲyÓ˚ !§Ç• ˆòˆÏá Ú!§Ç• çàIöö# ˆòÓ#
ò%à≈yÓ˚ Óy•öÛ Ó°ˆÏï˛ Ó°ˆÏï˛ ï˛yÑÓ˚ û˛yÓ§üy!ô •Î˚– ú˛ˆÏ° xyÓ˚ !ܲå%È•z
!ï˛!ö ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˛õyö!ö ˆ§!òö–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü xyܲ£Ï≈î üÎ˚òyö xM˛È° Óy àˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ üyˆÏë˛Ä
~ܲy!ôܲÓyÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– 21 ˆ§ˆÏ≤Wz¡∫Ó˚ 1884 §yˆÏ°ñ
ˆÓ°%ö Äí˛¸yˆÏöy ˆòáˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§ àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ ï˛ˆÏ° ~ܲ §yˆÏ•Ó˛õ%eˆÏܲ !eû˛D
•ˆÏÎ˚ òyÑí˛¸yˆÏï˛ ˆòˆÏá ◊#Ü,˛£èû˛yˆÏÓ í˛zj#!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ §üy!ôfli •ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– xÓ¢ƒ ~Ó˚ xyˆÏà•zñ 1882 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 15 öˆÏû˛¡∫Ó˚ !ï˛!ö
àˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ üyˆÏë˛ §yܲy≈§ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö–
üÎ˚òyˆÏöÓ˚ í˛z_ˆÏÓ˚ °yê˛§yˆÏ•ˆÏÓÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ Óy Óï≈˛üyö Ó˚yçû˛Óö ˆòˆÏá
17
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ӈϰ!åȈϰö Úüy ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ !òˆÏ°öñ ܲï˛Ü˛=!° üy!ê˛Ó˚ •zê˛ í˛zÑã%˛
ܲˆÏÓ˚ §yçyö–Û
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ Úüy ܲy!°Ü˛yÓ˚Û x!ô¤˛yöû)˛!ü ܲy°#âyˆÏê˛ ˆÓ¢ ܲˆÏÎÜ˚ ˛ÓyÓ˚
~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è–
öyöy ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî Óy!í˛¸ˆÏܲ ≤ÃyÎ˚•z ÚˆÜ˛Õ‘yÛ Ó°ˆÏï˛ û˛y°Óy§ˆÏï˛ö
◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è– ˆÎüö ò!«˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÜÏ ˛ Ó°ˆÏï˛ö Úüy ܲy°#Ó˚ ˆÜ˛Õ‘y–Û ◊#Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è
≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛•z ~ܲÓyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛Õ‘y ò¢≈ˆÏö ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰöÈÙÙÙÙȈú˛yê≈˛ í˛z•z!°Î˚ü ò%à≈–
!òö!ê˛ !åÈ° 25 ˆü 1884 §y°– ˆÜ˛Õ‘yÓ˚ !¢á ˜§öƒÓ˚y ï˛yшÏܲ ˆòˆÏá
xflfï˛ƒyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ í˛z!ò≈˛õ!Ó˚!•ï˛ xÓfliyÎ˚ ÚçÎ˚=Ó˚&Û ÓˆÏ° üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ üyÌy
ö%•zˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ãîyü ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö–
û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ xöƒï˛ü ≤Ãyã˛#ö ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yö ~!¢Î˚y!ê˛Ü˛ ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛Ó˚
≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y •Î˚ 1784 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 15 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚– ~•z ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yˆÏöÓ˚ Ó˚!«˛ï˛
oÓƒ !öˆÏÎ˚•z ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛#ˆÏï˛ çyò%âÓ˚ñ !çÄ°!çܲƒy° §yˆÏû≈˛ xÓ •z![˛Î˚yñ
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~ܲy!ôܲÓyÓ˚ ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛Ó˚ §Ç@ˇÃ•¢y°y Óy çyò%âÓ˚ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§!åȈϰö–
ˆ§y§y•z!ê˛Ó˚ öÓ˚ܲB˛y° ˆòˆÏá !ï˛!ö ӈϰ!åȈϰö ˆÎ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ܲB˛y°
ˆÎüö ï˛yÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ ¢_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ç%ˆÏí˛¸ Ó˚yáy •Î˚ñ ˆï˛üö ï˛yÑÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ ¢_´
ܲˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏ° !ï˛!ö üyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ öyü=îܲ#ï≈˛ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓö– •z![˛Î˚yö
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§Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ~ܲÓyÓ˚ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y •Î˚– §%!ã˛!ܲͧyÓ˚ çöƒ
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ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
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ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
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àû˛#Ó˚ çàˆÏï˛– !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ ܲ°ƒyˆÏî üyö%£Ï ãÑ˛yˆÏò ˛õy ˆÓ˚ˆÏáˆÏåÈ– ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ
ˆàˆÏåÈ üyí˛zrê˛ ~û˛yˆÏÓ˚ˆÏfiê˛ ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ñ §ü%ˆÏoÓ˚ àû˛#Ó˚ ï˛°ˆÏòˆÏ¢ xÌÓy
ÓÓ˚ú˛ì˛yܲy ˆüÓ˚& ≤ÈÏòˆÏ¢– !ܲv üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üö xôÓ˚y– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üöˆÏܲ
ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° àû˛#Ó˚û˛yˆÏÓ !ü¢ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üˆÏöÓ˚ àû˛#ˆÏÓ˚
ˆ˛õÑÔåȈÏöy ~ܲ ܲ!ë˛ö Óƒy˛õyÓ˚– §Ü˛°ˆÏÓ˚ myÓ˚y ï˛y §Ω˛Ó öÎ˚– ÚˆÓí˛¸y=!°
ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚Û ˆÎ ÓyôyÓ˚ §,!‹T ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛y x!ï˛e´ü ܲÓ˚y ò%ɧyôƒ–
û˛yÓ˚ï˛ í˛zߨÎ˚ö¢#° ˆò¢– fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛Ô£Ï!R ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ä !¢«˛yÎ˚
fl∫yˆÏfliƒñ xy!Ì≈ܲ í˛zߨ!ï˛ˆÏï˛ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ !ÓÓ˚yê˛ çö§Çáƒy ~áö !˛õåȈÏöÓ˚
§y!Ó˚ˆÏï˛– ~ˆÏòÓ˚ Ó,•_ü xLjϢÓ˚ Óy§ @ˇÃyˆÏü– ˆÎ çö˛õò @ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚
19
Óy!§®y ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲü≈ç#ÓöÄ !Ó!ã˛e– ïÑ˛yï˛ ˆÓyöyñ üyåÈ ôÓ˚yñ ã˛y£Ï ܲÓ˚y
ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ˛õ¢y ï˛yÓ˚y ¢•Ó˚ Ä @ˇÃyˆÏüÓ˚ !¢!«˛ï˛ x!û˛çyï˛ §¡±òyÎ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ
Ó‡ ˆÎyçö ò)ˆÏÓ˚– !û˛ß¨ xy!äöy xyÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏӈϢÓ˚ Óy!§®y •ÄÎ˚yÎ˚ ≤Ãyî
á%ˆÏ° ˆü°yˆÏü¢y ˛õÓ˚flõˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ x°#ܲ fl∫≤¿–
§y!•ï˛ƒ §,!‹TÓ˚ ü)° ܲÌy üˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚Óy!Ó˚ •ÄÎ˚y– Úç#ÓˆÏö ç#Óö
ˆÎyà ܲÓ˚yÛ– ò)ˆÏÓ˚ ˆë˛ˆÏ° !òˆÏÎ˚ ܲyˆÏö ÷ˆÏö Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ §y!•ï˛ƒ Ü,˛!eü– ˆ§
§y!•ï˛ƒ ÓƒÌ≈ xyÓ˚ x§¡õ)î≈– xÌã˛ ~•z x§¡õ)î≈ §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ܲ# ܲòÓ˚Ê
ܲ!Ó ÓˆÏ°ˆÏåÈöñ Úˆ§ ܲ!ÓÓ˚ Óyî# °y!à ܲyö ˆ˛õˆÏï˛ xy!åÈÛ– Úˆ§ ܲ!ÓÛ
ˆÜ˛⁄ Úˆ§ ܲ!ÓÛ í˛zˆÏë˛ xy§ˆÏÓö ˆ§•z §¡±òyÎ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÎ §¡±òyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
ܲÌy !ï˛!ö !öá%Ñï˛û˛yˆÏÓ Ó°ˆÏÓö Óy Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏÓö ≤Ãyî á%ˆÏ°– ã˛y£Ï#Ó˚
ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ܲÌyñ ÚÎï˛ Ü˛yüyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ñ å%ȈÏï˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyÓ˚ ü%ˆÏê˛ üç%ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲÌyÛ
Sˆ≤ÈÏüw !üeV Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ xy˛õöçö •ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ò)Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ
àí˛¸y Ü,˛!eü xyd#Î˚ï˛yÓ˚ !¢“Ó˚*˛õ §!ë˛Ü˛ §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ §ÇK˛y flõ¢≈ ܲˆÏÓ˚
öy– ≤Ã!ï˛û˛y ˆÜ˛yöÄ !ӈϢ£Ï §¡±òyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !öçfl∫ §¡õò öÎ˚– §ÓyÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ•z ï˛y x“!ÓhflÏÓ˚ ÌyˆÏܲ Óy ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ˆ§•z ≤Ã!ï˛û˛yˆÏܲ
!Óܲ!¢ï˛ •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÌ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ !òˆÏï˛ •Î˚– !ܲv ˆÜ˛üö ܲˆÏÓ˚⁄ ÚåÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚
ˆòÓ K˛yˆÏöÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yÛÈÙÙÙÙÈ~üö üyö!§Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö xyÓ!¢ƒÜ˛û˛yˆÏÓ–
ˆ§•z§ˆÏD ã˛y•z !¢«˛yÓ˚ üyˆÏöÓ˚ í˛zߨÎ˚ö– ï˛y öy •ˆÏ° ≤Ã!ï˛û˛yÓ˚ x˛õü,ï%˛ƒ
x!öÓyÎ≈– ~ âê˛öy ˆï˛y x•Ó˚• âê˛ˆÏåÈ Î%ˆÏà Î%ˆÏàñ ˆòˆÏ¢ ˆòˆÏ¢– ‘Full
many a flower is born to blush unseen’.˛fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ)Ó≈Óï≈˛#
Î%à ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÓ!¢Ó˚ û˛yà ˆ°yˆÏܲÓ˚ üö ÚxÓK˛yÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏ˛õ ÷‹Ò !öÓ˚yö®
ˆ§•z üÓ˚&û))˛!üÛ •ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ– fl∫yô#öï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãy!ƈÏï˛ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ Îy!˛õï˛ ç#ÓˆÏö
˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ö !ܲ !ܲå%È•z •Î˚!ö⁄ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ï˛ˆÏÓ ï˛y ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçˆÏöÓ˚ ã)˛í˛¸yhsˇ
§#üyÎ˚ ˆ˛õÑÔåÈÎ˚!ö– ˆ˛õÑÔåÈÎ˚!ö §Ó ˆ«˛ˆÏe §ÓyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe– Úç#ÓˆÏö ç#Óö
ˆÎyà ܲÓ˚yÛ ÓˆÏ° Îy ã˛°ˆÏåÈ ï˛y xˆÏöܲê˛y öyê˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ üï˛– üM˛È ˆÌˆÏܲ
öyüˆÏ°•z §%ö§yö– ˆû˛yê˛ xyˆÏ§ñ ˆû˛yê˛ ÎyÎ˚– ï˛yÓ˚˛õÓ˚ §Ó ≤Ã!ï˛◊&!ï˛•z
úÑ˛yܲy– ˆ§Ó˚ܲü ò)Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ÷ˆÏö Ü,˛!eü xyd#Î˚ï˛yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty çˆÏ°Ó˚ IJõÓ˚
Ó%ò‰Ó%ò§ü– ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ ç#Óö Î%à Î%à ôˆÏÓ˚ ÚxÓK˛yÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏ˛õ ÷‹ÒÛ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö xߨñ Óflfñ à,• xyÓ˚ §%!¢«˛y– ÷ô% §y«˛Ó˚ï˛yÎ˚ §Ó ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö
!üê˛ˆÏÓ öy– ≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛ !¢«˛yÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yܲ ≤Ãy!ƈÏï˛ âê˛ˆÏÓ ~ˆÏòÓ˚ !Óܲy¢–
ï˛áö ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÌˆÏܲ í˛zˆÏë˛ xy§y §y!•!ï˛ƒˆÏܲÓ˚ §y!•ï˛ƒ•z xÜ,˛!eü
§y!•ï˛ƒ– ܲyˆÏö ÷ˆÏö Óy IJõÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ò)Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆòˆÏá Ó˚ã˛öy ܲÓ˚y
§y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ úÑ˛yܲ ˆúÑ˛yܲÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ ÎyÎ˚– xÓ¢ƒ !Î!ö ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏü≈Ó˚ ˆÓòöy
≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛•z í˛zk˛yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚yÎ˚ ò%°≈û˛ ≤Ã!ï˛û˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ çß√yö ~ÓÇ Ü˛°ü ôˆÏÓ˚ö
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲÌy fl∫ï˛sf– ~üö ˆ°áܲ §Ó ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §Ó û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ
xÓ¢ƒ•z xyˆÏåÈö–
Ú1400 §y°Û S2 ú˛yıö 1302V ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ ܲ!Ó xy¢y ≤Ãܲy¢
20
ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰöñ Úxy!ç •ˆÏï˛ ¢ï˛Ó£Ï≈ ˛õˆÏÓ˚†~áö ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏåÈ àyö ˆ§ ˆÜ˛yö
öï%˛ö ܲ!Ó†ˆï˛yüyˆÏòÓ˚ âˆÏÓ˚Û– ܲ!ÓÓ˚ çˆÏß√Ó˚ ˆòí˛¸ˆÏ¢y ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ)!ï≈˛ˆÏï˛
Ú˙ܲï˛yöÛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÓ˚ üü≈Óyî# xyˆÏàÓ˚ üï˛•z §üyö ≤Ãy§!Dܲ– ò%Ó≈ˆÏ°Ó˚
≤Ã!ï˛ ≤ÃӈϰÓ˚ ¢y§öñ ˆ¢y£Ïîñ xï˛ƒyã˛yÓ˚ xyçÄ !öï˛ƒ!òˆÏöÓ˚ âê˛öy–
~ܲˆÏ¢y ÓåÈÓ˚ xyˆÏà ˆ°áy Úx˛õüy!öï˛Û S20 xy£Ïyì˛¸ 1317V ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚
Î%à xyç xyÓ˚ ˆö•z– ˆò¢ ~áö fl∫yô#ö– !ܲv Úüyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ x!ôܲyˆÏÓ˚
Ó!M˛Èï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚åÈ ÎyˆÏÓ˚Û xÓfliy ˆÌˆÏܲ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ~ܲ Ó,•_Ó˚ xLjϢÓ˚
í˛zˆÏ_yÓ˚î fl∫≤¿ •ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ– üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ò)ˆÏÓ˚ §!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y üyˆÏö•z ˆï˛y
çy!ï˛Ó˚ ¢!_´ˆÏܲ áÓ≈ ܲÓ˚yñ ò%Ó≈° ܲÓ˚y– ܲyí˛zˆÏܲ ö#ˆÏã˛ ˆú˛°y üyˆÏö•z
ˆï˛y ï˛yÓ˚ ê˛yˆÏö !öˆÏç•z ö#ˆÏã˛ ˆöˆÏü ÎyÄÎ˚y– xK˛yöï˛yñ x!¢«˛yÓ˚
x¶˛Ü˛yˆÏÓ˚ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ û˛@¿yÇ¢ˆÏܲ ˆÓшÏô Ó˚yáy üyˆÏö §ü@ˇÃ çy!ï˛Ó˚ ≤Ãà!ï˛
Óƒy•ï˛ ܲÓ˚y– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚ §ï˛Ü≈˛Óyî# fløÓ˚î#Î˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈÚû˛yà ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆáˆÏï˛
•ˆÏÓ §Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ §yˆÏÌ xߨ˛õyöÛ–
û˛yÓ˚ï˛ ~ܲ ü•yö ˆò¢– ~ܲ ï˛#Ì≈ˆÏ«˛e– û˛yÓ˚ï˛ˆÏܲ !ï˛!ö
ӈϰˆÏåÈö Úû˛yÓ˚ï˛ï˛#Ì≈Û– ~áyˆÏö öyöy çy!ï˛Ó˚ xyàüö âˆÏê˛ˆÏåÈ Î%ˆÏà
Î%ˆÏà– ˆÜ˛í˛z !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÎyÎ˚!ö Óy ܲyí˛zˆÏܲ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ Ó°y •Î˚!ö– §Óy•z
!üˆÏ°!üˆÏ¢ ~ܲ çy!ï˛ ~ܲ ≤Ãyî– xˆÏöܲ ¢!•ˆÏòÓ˚ xydï˛ƒyˆÏà ˆò¢
fl∫yô#ö •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ò%ɈÏáÓ˚ Ó˚çö# ˆ¢£Ï– !Ó¢y° û˛yÓ˚ï˛ §yÓ˚y ˛õ,!ÌÓ#ˆÏï˛
§ÓyÓ˚ öçÓ˚ ˆÜ˛ˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ !öçfl∫ í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ !ö!Ó˚ˆÏá– !ܲv §üÓrê˛ö xÌ≈yÍ
§Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ çöƒ §üyö §%ˆÏÎyà §%!ÓˆÏô xyçÄ xôÓ˚y– Úx˛õüy!öï˛Û
ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ ܲ!ÓÓ˚ §ï˛Ü≈˛Óyî# xyçÄ ≤Ãy§!Dܲ– ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚•z ˆ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏï˛
ܲ!ÓÓ˚ °«˛ƒ ~ÓÇ xyò¢≈ ÓyhflÏÓy!Î˚ï˛ •ÄÎ˚y í˛z!ã˛ï˛– Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ !ÓˆÏò!¢
ü•yö à“ܲyÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ §üï%˛°ƒ Óy ï˛yÓ˚Ä |ˆÏôù≈– •zí˛zˆÏÓ˚yˆÏ˛õÓ˚
ˆåÈyê˛à“ܲyÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ àˆÏ“ ôü≈#Î˚ ö#!ï˛ï˛_¥ñ xy!òÓ˚ˆÏ§Ó˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ âê˛ˆÏ°Ä
Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ ~ §Ó ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y ü%_´– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ àˆÏ“ ¢•Ó˚ Ä @ˇÃyü ò%•zÈÙÈ•z
çyÎ˚ày ܲˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üˆÏöÓ˚ xï˛° §ü%ˆÏo í%˛Ó !òˆÏÎ˚ !ï˛!ö
ü!îü%ˆÏ_´y xy•Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ~ÓÇ ˆ°áö#Ó˚ çyò%flõˆÏ¢≈ ï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãܲy¢
â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– ï˛Ó%Ä Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ fl∫#ܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ò%Ó≈°ï˛yÓ˚
ܲÌy– ï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Ü˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏÓòö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚– ïÑ˛yÓ˚
§y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ü)°üsf xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ï˛yÓyòñ üyöÓï˛yÓyò ~ÓÇÈ §y¡ÀyçƒÓyò
!ÓˆÏÓ˚y!ôï˛y– !ï˛!ö ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ˆ§•z hflÏÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ í˛zˆÏë˛ xy§%ö
ܲ!Ó xyÓ˚ ˆ°áܲ ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ üôƒ ˆÌˆÏܲ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôc xyˆÏà ˆÜ˛í˛z ܲˆÏÓ˚ö!ö–
~ çöƒ ã˛y•z §y!Ó≈ܲ !¢«˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ñ ≤çyÓ˚ Ä üyˆÏöyߨÎ˚ö– Ó˚Ó#wöyˆÏÌÓ˚
çˆÏß√Ó˚ ˆòí˛¸ˆÏ¢y ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õ)!ï≈˛ˆÏï˛ í˛zÍ§Ó xyˆÏ°yã˛öy Ó_,´ï˛y xyÓ˚ Ó•z
≤Ãܲy¢ xÓ¢ƒ•z ã˛°ˆÏï˛ ÌyÜ%˛Ü˛– !ܲv Ú˙ܲï˛yöÛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÎ˚ ܲ!Ó ˆÎ
x˛õ)î≈ï˛yÓ˚ ܲÌy ӈϰˆÏåÈöñ ˆÎ xy!ï≈˛Ó˚ ܲÌy Óƒ_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ï˛y fløÓ˚ˆÏî
ˆÓ˚ˆÏá xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õÌ !ë˛Ü˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– q
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
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ã˛ ˆÏ°!åÈ xyÓ˚È ~ܲ ܲ!Óï˛#Ì≈ ˆ«˛ˆÏe– ܲyÓ˚Ä Ü˛yˆÏåÈ ~•z ï˛#Ì≈ ˆ«˛e
˛õåÈ® •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚Ä Ü˛yˆÏåÈ öyÄ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– !ܲv
xyüyˆÏܲ ˆÎ ˆ§áyˆÏö ˆÎˆÏï˛•z •ˆÏÓ– ˆ§ê˛y !ܲv xyüyÓ˚ Óy!í˛¸ ˆÌˆÏܲ
ˆÓ!¢ ò)ˆÏÓ˚ öÎ˚– üye xyô ârê˛yÓ˚ üï˛ §üÎ˚ °yˆÏà– ˆ•ÑˆÏê˛ ÎyÓ ÓˆÏ°
!fliÓ˚ ܲÓ˚°yü– °«˛fli° üy!öÜ˛ï˛°yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ àí˛¸˛õyÓ˚ ӈϰ ~ܲ!ê˛
çyÎ˚ày– ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ öÓçyàÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ §üÎ˚ ~•z fliyö!ê˛ áƒy!ï˛ °yû˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°
Îy •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚ ˛õyï˛yÎ˚ !ã˛Ó˚ܲy°•z fl∫î≈y«˛ˆÏÓ˚ !°!áï˛ ÌyܲˆÏÓ– §Ü˛y°
§Ü˛y° ˆÓ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈ Óy!í˛¸ ˆÌˆÏܲ– Ó¶%˛Ó˚y ÷ˆÏö xyüyÓ˚ üyÌyÓ˚ !òˆÏܲ
ï˛y!ܲˆÏÎ˚ Ìyܲ°– xy!ü ã˛ˆÏ°!åÈ ˆÎáyˆÏö ≤Ã!ï˛û˛yÓ˚˛ çß√ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆ§•z
fliyö flõ¢≈ ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– ï˛y•z xyüyÓ˚ Îyey– ÎÑyÓ˚y ~ܲ §üÎ˚ §üyçˆÏܲ ~ÓÇ
üyöÓ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛Ó˚ çöƒ !ܲå%È Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çß√fliyö=ˆÏ°yˆÏܲ
â%ˆÏÓ˚˛ ˆòáy•z xyüyÓ˚ ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ü)° xyò¢≈– |ö!ÓÇ¢ ¢ï˛y∑#ˆÏï˛
àí˛¸˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ~ܲ !òˆÏܲ !ÓK˛yöã˛ã≈˛yñ xöƒ !òˆÏܲ §y!•ï˛ƒã˛ã≈˛y Óƒy˛õܲû˛yˆÏÓ
!ÓhflÏyÓ˚ °yû˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚– !ÓK˛yˆÏö xyã˛yÎ≈ çàò#¢ã˛w Ó§%ñ §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ
í˛zˆÏ˛õw!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%Ó˚#Ó˚ xÓfliyö ~áyˆÏö•z– ~áyö ˆÌˆÏܲ•z ÷Ó˚&
•ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ §,!‹TܲˆÏü≈Ó˚ çÎ˚Îyey– ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ üyöˆÏܲ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛
˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ~ÑÓ˚y•z §ˆÏã˛‹T •ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö– ~áyˆÏö ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ •Î˚
ˆú˛í˛yˆÏÓ˚¢ö •°– ~•z üy!öÜ˛ï˛°yÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ö Ó˚yçy Ó˚yüˆÏüy•ö Ó˚yÎ˚–
~•z fliyˆÏö•z xyˆÏ°yã˛öy §û˛y Ó§ï˛ •zÎ˚Ç ˆÓDˆÏ°Ó˚ñ ÎyÓ˚ ˆöï,˛c !òˆÏï˛ö
!•®% ܲˆÏ°ˆÏçÓ˚ !¢«˛Ü˛ !í˛ˆÏÓ˚y!çÄ– xyÓyÓ˚ ~áyˆÏö û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ fl∫yô#öï˛y
fl∫ˆÏ≤¿ !ÓˆÏû˛yÓ˚ !Ó≤’Ó#Ó˚y ˆÓyüy ܲyÓ˚áyöy fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ˆày˛õˆÏö ˆÓyüy
˛õÓ˚#«˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ Óƒy˛õܲ !ÓˆÏfl≥˛yÓ˚î âˆÏê˛– ôÓ˚y ˛õˆÏí˛¸ö ◊#xÓ˚!Ó®ñ
ÓyÓ˚#ö ˆây£Ï ≤Ãü%á !Ó≤’Ó#– ˆ§•z ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî àí˛¸˛õyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢
üy!öÜ˛ï˛°yÓ˚ öyü !ã˛Ó˚ܲy° ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚ ˛õyï˛yÎ˚ ˆ°áy ÌyܲˆÏÓ–
~•z fliyöˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ Î!ò ˆÜ˛í˛z !°áˆÏï˛ ã˛yö ï˛y•ˆÏ° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ @ˇÃsi ~ܲ!ê˛
!Ó¢y° xyܲyˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚îï˛ •ˆÏÓ– xӈϢˆÏ£Ï í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ •°yü ˆ§•z
ï˛#Ì≈fliyˆÏö ˆÎê˛y ˆòáyÓ˚ ≤ÃÓ° •zFåÈy xyüyÓ˚ !åÈ°– 100~ àí˛¸˛õyÓ˚
ˆÓ˚yí˛– ˆòyï˛°y Óy!í˛¸– ~•z Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö !¢÷ §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛
í˛zˆÏ˛õw!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%Ó˚# 1914 §yˆÏ°– ~áyˆÏö çß√@ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö
§%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚– !˛õï˛y §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ˛õÓ˚ˆÏ°yܲ àüö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° ~•z Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛
ÌyܲyÓ˚ xyÓ˚ Óy§öy çyˆÏà!ö Ó˚yÎ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ò§ƒˆÏòÓ˚–
ÚxyÎ˚ˆÏÓ˚ ˆû˛y°y ˆáÎ˚y°ÈÙȈá°y†fl∫˛õöˆÏòy°y öy!ã˛ˆÏÎ˚ xyÎ˚ñ†xyÎ˚ˆÏÓ˚
˛õyà° xyˆÏÓy°ÈÙÈï˛yˆÏÓy°†ü_ üyò° Óy!çˆÏÎ˚ xyÎ˚Û !¢÷ §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛
§%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ÚxyˆÏÓy° ï˛yˆÏÓy°Û ܲ!Óï˛y @ˇÃˆÏsiÓ˚ ≤ÃÌü ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚
§ühflÏ hflψÏÓ˚Ó˚ üyö%£ÏˆÏòÓ˚ xy•¥yö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ xyfl∫yò @ˇÃ•î ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ §ühflÏ hflψÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆ°yܲˆÏܲ xy•¥yö
çy!öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏD •yï˛ !ü!°ˆÏÎ˚ •y!§Ó˚ çàˆÏï˛ §y!ü° •ˆÏï˛–
ÓyÇ°y ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ @ˇÃsi!ê˛ !¢÷ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó,k˛ §ÓyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ §üyöû˛yˆÏÓ
çö!≤ÃÎ˚ï˛y xç≈ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ §üÌ≈ •Î˚ ܲyˆÏÓƒÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ~ܲ !û˛ß¨ fl∫yˆÏòÓ˚
Ó˚§yö%û)˛!ï˛ °yû˛ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ– ~•z Ü,˛!ï˛c §¡õ)î≈û˛yˆÏÓ ≤Ãy˛õƒ ܲ!Ó
§%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚– ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ !öˆÏç á%Ó àΩ˛#Ó˚ ÌyܲˆÏ°Ä ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏöÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ ˆÎ ~ܲê˛y xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ ú˛ıôyÓ˚y !öÓ˚hsˇÓ˚ ÓˆÏÎ˚ ã˛°ï˛ ï˛yÓ˚•z
≤Ã!ï˛ú˛°ö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ !àˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– !ï˛!ö ˆÎ üˆÏö≤ÃyˆÏî
üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ xyöˆÏ®Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ ã˛yö ï˛yÓ˚ !ã˛e ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ ˆ°áyÎ˚
ôÓ˚y ˛õˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ xyö® òyö ܲÓ˚y•z !åÈ°
ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ü%რí˛zˆÏj¢ƒ– !ܲv ˆ§ê˛y ≤Ãôyö •ˆÏ°Ä ïÑ˛yÓ˚
Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ï˛Íܲy°#ö §üyç!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ ˆüˆÏ°–
xˆÏöܲ §üÎ˚ •y!§Ó˚ åȈϰ xüyö!Óܲ §üyç ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ ï˛#Ó 
ܲ£Ïyâyï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– •y!§Ó˚ ܲ!Óï˛y Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ §yüy!çܲ xöyã˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
!ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ ï˛#Ó  ܲ£Ïyâyï˛ ˆ•ˆÏöˆÏåÈö ˛õˆÏÓ˚y«˛û˛yˆÏÓ– •y!§Ó˚ xyí˛¸yˆÏ° !ï˛!ö
§üyˆÏçÓ˚ ˆÎ §Ó ܲÓ˚&î !ã˛e=!° ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ !ã˛hsˇy û˛yÓöy
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ° xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ üö xyçÄ Óƒ!Ìï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ– ܲ!ÓÓ˚y ˆï˛y §üyˆÏçÓ˚
Óy•zˆÏÓ˚ Óy§ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö öy– ܲ!ÓˆÏòÓ˚ §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ ܲ#!ï≈˛Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ °%!ܲˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏܲ
§üyˆÏçÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ ï˛#Ó  ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò– ï˛yÓ˚•z §%Ó˚ ÷öˆÏï˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ !¢÷
§y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ !¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ ܲ!Óï˛yñ öyê˛Ü˛ñ ≤Ãӈ϶˛–
•y!§Ó˚ xyí˛¸yˆÏ° ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚y«˛û˛yˆÏÓ §üyç ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ï˛#Ó 
≤Ã!ï˛Óyò ~ÓÇ Ü˛£Ïyâyï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛•z ~•z
≤Ãӈ϶˛Ó˚ xÓï˛yÓ˚îy–
ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ åÈye !åȈϰö– 1906 §yˆÏ° !ï˛!ö
ˆ≤Ã!§ˆÏí˛!™ ܲˆÏ°ç ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó˚§yÎ˚ö Ä ˛õòyÌ≈!Óòƒy !öˆÏÎ˚ í˛yÓ° xöy§≈
˛õÓ˚#«˛yÎ˚ í˛z_#î≈ •ˆÏÎ˚ Ó¶%˛ˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ àë˛ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ÚööˆÏ§™ Üœ˛yÓÛ–
~•z ööˆÏ§™ Üœ˛yÓ àë˛ö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆ˛õåȈÏö Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆ§•z §üˆÏÎ˚ Î%Ó
§¡±òyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˆ«˛yû˛– û˛yÓ˚ï˛ ï˛áö ˛õÓ˚yô#ö– üye ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛
•zLjÏÓ˚ç ˆàyê˛y û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ Ó˚yçc ܲˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ xyÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛Óy§#Ó˚y
ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ üyÌy öï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ •zLjÏÓ˚çˆÏòÓ˚ ¢y§ö ÓƒÓfliyˆÏܲ ˆüˆÏö
!öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˛õÓ˚yô#ö Î%ˆÏà û˛yÓ˚ï˛Óy§#Ó˚y ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çß√!û˛ˆÏê˛Î˚ xӈϕ!°ï˛ñ
ܲy°y xyò!ü ӈϰ !ã˛!•´ï˛ñ •zLjÏÓ˚çˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ e´#ï˛òyˆÏ§Ó˚ üï˛ ç#Óö
Îy˛õö ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– xˆÏöܲê˛y ööˆÏ§™ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ üï˛– !öç üyï,˛û)˛!üˆÏï˛ ˛õÓ˚ˆÏò¢#
•ˆÏÎ˚ Ó§Óy§ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˆÎ ܲï˛ê˛y °Iy ï˛y §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ xö%û˛Ó ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö–
21
 §%•zˆÏí˛ö ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ~ܲçö Ó˚y§yÎ˚!öܲ !åȈϰö– !ï˛!ö ü,ï%˛ƒÜ˛yˆÏ°
≤ÃyÎ˚ §ÄÎ˚y !ï˛ö ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲyÓ˚ §¡õ!_ òyö ܲ!Ó˚Î˚y Îyö– ÎÑy•yÓ˚y
!ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ çàˆÏï˛ ö)ï˛ö ï˛_¥ xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓö˚ ñ ÎÑy•yÓ˚y §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚
í˛zߨ!ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö ~ÓÇ !ӈϢ£Ï û˛yˆÏÓ ÎÑy•yÓ˚y çàˆÏï˛ ¢y!hs ˇfliy˛õˆÏöÓ˚
§•yÎ˚ï˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚öñ ≤Ã!ï˛ ÓͧÓ˚ ïÑ˛y•yˆÏòÓ˚ §¡øyˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ ~•z
§¡õ!_Ó˚ xyÎ˚ ••zˆÏï˛ ÚˆöyˆÏÓ° ≤Ãy•zçÛ öyˆÏü °«˛y!ôܲ ê˛yܲyÓ˚
xÌ≈ ˆòÄÎ˚y •Î˚– ˆÎ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˆòˆÏ¢ ˆÎÈÙÈˆÜ˛yö ˆ°yܲ ~•z
xâ≈°yˆÏû˛Ó˚ ˆÎyàƒ ••zˆÏ°•z ï˛y•y ˛õy•zˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö–... xy°ˆÏú ˛í˛
ˆöyˆÏӈϰÓ˚ !˛õï˛y Ó˚y!¢Î˚yÎ˚ Î%k˛ ܲyÓ˚áyöyÓ˚ ܲy!Ó˚àÓ˚ !åȈϰö–
ˆày°yÓyÓ˚&ò °•zÎ˚y ïÑ˛y•yÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ñ ~ÓÇ ˆ§•z ܲyˆÏç Óy°Ü˛
ˆöyˆÏÓ°Ä ïÑ˛y•yÓ˚ §•yÎ˚ !åȈϰö–Û ~ܲ !òˆÏܲ !ӈϟª öÓ
xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ ˛õ%Ó˚flÒyÓ˚ òyö xöƒ !òˆÏܲ ˆày°yÓyÓ˚&ˆÏòÓ˚
ܲyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y Îy ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# ܲyˆÏ° §û˛ƒˆÏò¢=!° ˆ§=ˆÏ°yˆÏܲ üyö%£Ï
!öôˆÏö ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~ܲ•z ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ò§ƒÓ˚y ~ܲ!òˆÏܲ
üyö!Óܲï˛yÓ˚ çÎ˚àyö ày•zˆÏåÈöñ xöƒ !òˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚y xyÓyÓ˚
!ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ åÈye •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ §%ÓyˆÏò !ï˛!ö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ xˆÏöܲ ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ ˆày°yÓyÓ˚&ò !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ˆÎ=!° ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# §üˆÏÎ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚
!ÓK˛yöˆÏܲ ΈÏÌy˛õÎ%_´ fliyˆÏö ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ •y§ƒÓ˚ˆÏ§Ó˚ ܲ!Óï˛yˆÏܲ ç#Óö §Ç¢ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚î •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ°– ò%!ê˛ !û˛ß¨ !ã˛e ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
xyÓ˚Ä Ó˚§âö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö– ˛õòyÌ≈!ÓK˛yöˆÏܲ !ï˛!ö §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ §ˆÏD üˆÏôƒ ˆòáy ˆà°– ~•z !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãӈ϶˛ §%®Ó˚
!ü!°ˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛“ !ÓK˛yö!û˛!_ܲ §y!•ï˛ƒ Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏ°ö– Ó°ˆÏï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– !˛õï˛yÓ˚ ˛õòyB˛ xö%§Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ö !ÓŸª!Óáƒyï˛
ˆàˆÏ° Ó°y ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ !ï˛!ö•z ≤ÃÌü !ÓK˛yöˆÏܲ §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ã˛°!Fã˛e ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°Ü˛ §ï˛ƒ!çÍ Ó˚yÎ˚– !ï˛!ö !˛õï˛yÓ˚ !ã˛hsˇyôyÓ˚yˆÏܲ xyÓ˚Ä
!ü!¢ˆÏÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏܲ ~üöû˛yˆÏÓ ˛õyë˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ §yüˆÏö í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö Îy ˆ§•z xyô%!öܲï˛yÓ˚ ˆåÈÑyÄÎ˚yÎ˚ ܲ“ !ÓK˛yöˆÏܲ xyÓ˚Ä Ü˛ˆÏÎ˚ܲ ôy˛õ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚
§üˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛ö xyçÄ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ü˛!ÓÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ §Ω˛Ó •Î˚!ö– ˛õòyÌ≈ !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ x§yôyÓ˚î ≤Ã!ï˛û˛y ӈϰ– ÓyÇ°y §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ öï%˛ö
§ˆÏD §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ §ÇˆÏÎyà â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ !ï˛!ö ÓyÇ°y §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ öï%˛ö !òܲ Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö Ó°y ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– !ÓK˛yö!û˛!_ܲ §y!•ï˛ƒ ~áö
!òܲ Ó˚ã˛öy ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö Îy ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# ܲyˆÏ° ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §%ˆÏÎyàƒ §hsˇyö §ï˛ƒ!çÍ ÓyÇ°y §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ Ó˚ã˛öy •ˆÏï˛ ˆÓ!¢ ˆòáy ÎyÎ˚ öy–
Ó˚yÎ˚ §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ §ˆÏD xyô%!öܲ !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ §ÇˆÏÎyà
â!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ~ܲ öï%˛ö !òܲ §,!‹T ܲˆÏÓ˚
!ӈϢ£Ï xyˆÏ°yí˛¸ö §,!‹T ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– fl∫Î˚Ç Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ
ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ û˛y°ˆÏӈϧ ˆú˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰö ïÑ˛yÓ˚
x§yôyÓ˚î !ÓK˛yö!û˛!_ܲ ܲ!Óï˛y Ó˚ã˛öyÓ˚ çöƒ–
ÚxyˆÏÓy° ï˛yˆÏÓy°Û ܲ!Óï˛y @ˇÃˆÏsi !ï˛!ö Úá%ˆÏí˛¸yÓ˚
ܲ°Û öyˆÏü ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛!Óï˛y Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– Úܲ°
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö xyçÓ Ó˚ܲü ã˛[˛#òyˆÏ§Ó˚ á%ˆÏí˛¸y†§Óy•z
÷ˆÏö §yÓy§ ӈϰ ˛õyí˛¸yÓ˚ ˆåȈϰ Ó%ˆÏí˛¸y– ...ˆ§•z
á%ˆÏí˛¸y xyç ܲ° ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö xy˛õö Ó%!k˛ ӈϰñ†˛õÑyã˛
ârê˛yÓ˚ Ó˚yhflÏy ÎyˆÏÓ ˆòí˛¸ ârê˛yÎ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°–Û Ü˛!Óï˛yÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ xyçÓ áyÓyÓ˚ ˆé˛y°yˆÏöy ܲ° !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲ!Óï˛y
~ܲüye §%ܲ% üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚•z !°áˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÓˆ˚ åÏ Èö– Ú•yï%˛ˆÏí˛¸Û
ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ !ï˛!ö !°ˆÏáˆÏåÈöÈÙÙÙÙÈÚ~ܲÓyÓ˚ ˆòˆÏá ÎyÄ
í˛y_´y!Ó˚ ˆÜ˛Ó˚yüï˛†Ü˛yê˛y ˆåÈÑí˛¸y û˛yäy ˆã˛yÓ˚y ã˛ê˛˛õê˛
ˆüÓ˚yüï˛Û– Îsf !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ˚yà#Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yà §yÓ˚yˆÏöyÓ˚
xyˆÏÎ˚yçö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ö ~ܲüye •y!§Ó˚ ܲ!Ó
§%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚–
§%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ !ÓK˛yö !Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲ xˆÏöܲ !öÓ¶˛
Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ
ÚˆöyӈϰÓ˚ òyöÛ– Úxy°ˆÏú ˛í˛ ˆÓö≈•yí≈˛ ˆöyˆÏÓ°

22 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012

 •zÇ°ƒyˆÏu˛ xˆÏöܲ •zLjÏÓ˚ç ≤Ãܲy¢Ü˛ í˛zˆÏ˛õw!ܲˆÏ¢yÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%Ó˚#ñ ~ê˛y !ë˛Ü˛ ˆÎ !ï˛!ö ˆÎ §Ó ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ Ó•z !°ˆÏáˆÏåÈö ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ
§%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ°áy=!° •zLjÏÓ˚!çˆÏï˛ xö%Óyò ܲˆÏÓ˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ÚxyˆÏÓy° ï˛yˆÏÓy°Û Ó•z!ê˛ çö!≤ÃÎ˚ï˛yÓ˚ ¢#ˆÏ£Ï≈ xÓfliyö ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚
ˆ§•z ˆ°áܲˆÏòÓ˚ fliyöˆÏܲ xy!ü ï˛#Ì≈ˆÏ«˛e ӈϰ üˆÏö ܲ!Ó˚– §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ˆÎ Ó•zˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏï˛•z •Î˚ ï˛yÓ˚ öyü Ú• Î Ó Ó˚ °Û– ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚
Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y Îï˛•z !¢÷ §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ !ܲÇÓy ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ •y§ƒÓ˚ˆÏ§Ó˚ ܲ!Ó Ó˚yÎ˚ ~•z Ó•zˆÏï˛ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ÓÎ˚§ !öˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚!§Ü˛ï˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– §üyˆÏç ≤ÃyÎ˚
ӈϰ xyáƒy!Î˚ï˛ Ü˛!Ó˚ öy ˆÜ˛öñ !ï˛!ö ˆÎ ~ܲçö Óí˛¸ ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò# §ühflÏ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ Óí˛¸ ˆòy£Ï •ˆÏFåÈ !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ xy§° ÓÎ˚§ °%!ܲˆÏÎ˚
ܲ!Ó !åȈϰöñ ˆ§ê˛y !öˆÏÎ˚ xyüÓ˚y ˆÜ˛í˛z Ó˚yáy– §!ë˛Ü˛ ÓÎ˚§ ˆÜ˛í˛z Ó°ˆÏï˛ ã˛yÎ˚
!ã˛hsˇyû˛yÓöy ܲ!Ó˚ öy– |ö!ÓÇ¢ öy– §Ü˛ˆÏ°•z ÓÎ˚§ ܲü ܲˆÏÓ˚ xöƒ
¢ï˛y∑#ˆÏï˛ ˆÎ §ühflÏ x§yüy!çܲ ÓƒÓfliy ˆ°yˆÏܲÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ~üöܲ# !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚
àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zˆëÏ ˛!åÈ° ï˛yÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ •y§ƒÓ˚ˆ§Ï Ó˚ xyd#Î˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈÄ ÓˆÏ°– ÓÎ˚§ ܲü
üyôƒˆÏü ܲ!Óï˛y Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ Ó°yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ üˆÏö ~ܲ!ê˛
˛õˆÏÓ˚y«˛yû˛yˆÏÓ !ï˛!ö ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò ܲˆÏÓ˚ üyö!§Ü˛ï˛y ܲyç ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆ§ê˛y •ˆÏFåÈ
ˆàˆÏåÈö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ x!ôܲyÇ¢ ܲ!Óï˛y ï˛yÓ˚y ~áöÄ x“ ÓÎ˚ˆÏ§Ó˚ ˆåÈyR üyö%£Ï
!¢÷ˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ üçy ܲˆÏÓ˚ !°áˆÏ°Ä •ˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Ú• Î Ó Ó˚ °Û
xˆÏöܲ ܲ!Óï˛yÎ˚ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ xy§° Ó•z!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ˆ§•z ÓÎ˚§ °%ˆÏܲyã%˛!Ó˚ !ã˛e
ˆã˛•yÓ˚y ≤Ãܲy¢ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !öˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ •y!§Ó˚ ë˛yRyÓ˚ à“
ˆåÈyê˛ˆÏÓ°yÎ˚ fl%҈ϰ ˛õí˛¸yˆÏ¢yöy í˛z˛õfliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ !öˆÏçÓ˚
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ÎyÄÎ˚y ˆåȈϰÓ˚y ˆÎ ò%‹T%!üˆÏï˛ xy§° ÓÎ˚§ °%!ܲˆÏÎ˚ Ó˚yáy ˆÎ ˆÓ˚yà
˛õ!Ó˚˛õ)î≈ ÌyÜ˛ï˛ ï˛yÓ˚•z ~ܲ!ê˛ §!ë˛Ü˛ Óy üyö!§Ü !ã˛hsˇy ܲyç ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏܲ
!ã˛e •y!§Ó˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö !öˆÏçÓ˚ àˆÏ“ fliyö !òˆÏÎ˚ à“ˆÏܲ ≤ÃyîÓhsˇ
ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚– ˆÎ ò%‹T%!ü Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ–
ܲÓ˚y §Ω˛Ó •ï˛ öy ˆ§ê˛y fl%҈ϰÓ˚ ÚÓyÓ%Ó˚yü §y˛õ%ˆÏí˛¸ñ ˆÜ˛yÌy Îy§
§•˛õyë˛#ˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ã˛°ï˛– ~•z §Ó ò%‹T% Óy˛õ% ˆÓ˚⁄ÛÈÙÙÙÙÈ~•z ܲ!Óï˛y!ê˛ ˆ°áyÓ˚
åÈyeˆÏòÓ˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ •ˆÏï˛ö Üœ˛yˆÏ§Ó˚ ˆ˛õåȈÏö •z!ï˛•y§ xyˆÏåÈ– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ §üˆÏÎ˚
!¢«˛Ü˛Ó˚y– ≤ÈïÏ ˛ƒˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe fl%Ò° ç#Óö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ §y˛õ%ˆÏí˛¸Ó˚y
!åÈ° ò%‹T!% üˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚˛õ)î≈– ܲ!Ó @ˇÃyü ˆÌˆÏܲ §y˛õ ôˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§
§%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ Îáö fl%҈ϰ Îyï˛yÎ˚yï˛ ˆá°y ˆòáyï˛– !¢÷ ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö ˆ§•z §üÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ fl%҈ϰ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˆ§•z ˆá°y ˆòáˆÏï˛ö Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ÓyÓ˚y®yÎ˚
ò%Ó˚hsˇ ˆç!ò ~ÓÇ xˆÏöܲê˛y ˛õyà°y!ü ӈϧ !ܲÇÓy û˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ §üÎ˚ çyö°y
ӈϰ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ üˆÏö •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ˆ§•z !òˆÏÎ˚– §y˛õ ˆá°y !öˆÏÎ˚ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏöÓ˚
Ó˚ܲü ~ܲ!ê˛ ã˛!Ó˚e !ï˛!ö !ã˛!eï˛ üˆÏôƒ àû˛#Ó˚ ˆÓ˚áy˛õyï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚– ˆ§•z
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó˚ã˛öyÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆÎ à“!ê˛ ÚxyˆÏÓy° ï˛yˆÏÓy°ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî !ï˛!ö ܲ!Óï˛y!ê˛ !°ˆÏá ˆú˛ˆÏ°!åȈϰö ˆåÈyê˛ˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ– !ܲv ~Ó˚
˛õˆÏÓ˚ çö!≤ÃÎ˚ï˛y xç≈ö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ §üÌ≈ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ï˛y •° Ú˛õyà°y òy÷Û– üôƒ ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ܲ!ê˛ ï˛Ìƒ í˛zˆÏë˛ xyˆÏ§ñ ˆ§•z §üˆÏÎ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ñ
˛õyà°y òy÷Ó˚ üï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ ã˛!Ó˚ˆÏeÓ˚ §ˆÏD !ï˛!ö ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ~áöÄ üyˆÏé˛ üˆÏôƒ §y˛õ ˆá°y ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ fl%Ò° ç#ÓˆÏö– ˛õyà°y òy÷Ó˚ ܲÌy Ó°ˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° üˆÏö ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ÎyÎ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ Óyäy!° çy!ï˛ xˆÏöܲê˛y §yˆÏ˛õÓ˚ üï˛– ˛õÓ˚yô#öï˛yÓ˚ Î%ˆÏà
öyÓ˚yÎ˚î àˆÏDy˛õyôƒyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ°áy Úˆê˛!öòyÛ !öˆÏÎ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ •y!§Ó˚ àˆÏ“Ó˚ x!ôܲyÇ¢ Óyäy!°Ó˚
ܲÌy– •y!§Ó˚ à“ ˆï˛y ~áö xyÓ˚ ˆ°áy •Î˚ öy– ˆ§•z Ó˚ܲü •y!§Ó˚ ã˛!Ó˚e !åÈ° ˆúÑ˛y§ •#ö
à“ ˆ°áܲ ~áö xyÓ˚ ˆö•z Ó°ˆÏ°•z ã˛ˆÏ°– ÓyÇ°y §y!•ˆÏï˛ƒ ~áö §yˆÏ˛õÓ˚ üï˛– ˆ§•z
ˆÎö áÓ˚y ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– Ó˚üƒ Ó˚ã˛öyñ •y!§Ó˚ à“ñ û)˛ˆÏï˛Ó˚ à“ ~ÓÇ Ó˚•§ƒ ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ܲ!Ó ÓˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö
à“ !°áˆÏï˛ ˆÎö Óyäy!°Ó˚y û%˛ˆÏ° ˆàˆÏåÈ– ~áö ˆÎ §Ó ˆ°áy ÚܲˆÏÓ˚ öyˆÏܲy ˆú˛Ñy§
≤Ãܲy!¢ï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ !òܲºyhsˇ ü)°Ü˛ ˆ°áy– öy xyˆÏåÈ àˆÏ“Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ !ö!Óí˛¸ úÑ˛y§†üyˆÏÓ˚ öyˆÏܲy ìÑ%˛¢
ˆ≤Ãüñ öy xyˆÏåÈ !öˆÏê˛y° ê˛∆ƒyˆÏç!í˛ Óy ܲˆÏü!í˛– §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Ú˛õyà°y ìÑ˛y¢†ˆö•z ˆÜ˛yˆÏöy
òy÷Û ã˛!Ó˚e ˆ§•z §üˆÏÎ˚ fl%҈ϰÓ˚ åÈyeˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆÓ!¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ çö!≤ÃÎ˚ï˛y í˛zͲõyï˛†áyÎ˚ ÷ô% ò%ô
°yû˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°– fl%҈ϰ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓy!Ó˚Ç §yÓˆÏçQ !åÈ° §Çfl,Òï˛– ˆ§•z û˛yï˛Û– ¢e& ˆòáˆÏ° ˆï˛ˆÏí˛¸ ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öyñ ï˛yÓ˚y ÷ô% áyÎ˚ ò%ôû˛yï˛–
§Çfl,Òï˛ ˛õ![˛ï˛ˆÏܲ ˆÎ û˛yˆÏÓ ˛õyà°y òy÷Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆ•öhflÏy •ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ÚxÓyܲ ç°˛õyöÛ ˆ°áy!ê˛Ó˚ üyôƒˆÏü ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ˆ§•z
ˆ§•z à“!ê˛ fl%Ò° ˛õí˛YÎ˚yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆÓ!¢ çö!≤ÃÎ˚ï˛y xç≈ö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°– §üˆÏÎ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ÓyhflÏÓ !ã˛e ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y

ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012 23

 í˛z˛õfliy˛õöyÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ !ܲv ~ˆÏï˛ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛
xy§° !ã˛e ≤Ãܲy¢ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚y !öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyç öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
à¶˛ ÷шÏܲ !òö ܲyê˛yÎ˚– !öˆÏçÓ˚ ܲyç ˆú˛ˆÏ° ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ˛õˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ã˛Ó˚ܲyÎ˚
ˆï˛° ˆòÎ˚– ~•z Ó˚ܲü ˆÎ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ˆ°yܲˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏöyÓ,!_ñ ˆ§•z ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚
ܲ# í˛zߨ!ï˛ xy¢y ܲÓ˚y ˆÎˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ~Ó˚ ú˛° xyüÓ˚y •yˆÏï˛öyˆÏï˛ ˛õy!FåÈ
Îy ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü
Ӈܲy° xyˆÏà–
Ú•yï˛àîöyÛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ܲ!Ó ˆçƒy!ï˛£#ˆÏòÓ˚ ã˛y°y!ܲÓ˚
!ã˛eê˛y ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– üyö!§Ü˛ §%fli §Ó° üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ ò%Ó≈°
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y •Î˚ ~•z ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚•z ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ ˆüˆÏ°– ˆ§•z
§üÎ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ Ó˚yhflyÏ Î˚ !ê˛Î˚y˛õy!á !ܲÇÓy °y° ܲy˛õí˛¸ ˛õÓ˚y ˆçƒy!ï˛£Ï#ˆÏòÓ˚
ˆÜ˛Ó˚yü!ï˛ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ˆÎï˛– !öˆÏçÓ˚˛õ û˛yàƒ çyöyÓ˚ ˆ°yˆÏû˛ Ó‡
üyö%£Ï ~ˆÏòÓ˚ úÑ˛yˆÏò ˛õy !òˆÏÎ˚ xˆÏöˆÏܲ ¢yÓ˚#!Ó˚ܲ !òܲ ˆÌˆÏܲ xÌÓy
xy!Ì≈ܲ !òܲ ˆÌˆÏܲ «˛!ï˛@ˇÃhflÏ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸!åÈ°ÈÙÙÙÙȈ§•z !ã˛eê˛yˆÏܲ•z !ï˛!ö
ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚–
ÚÓ˚yüàÓ˚&ˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ åÈyöyÛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÎ˚ ܲ!Ó !°áˆÏåÈöñ ÚÓ˚yüàÓ˚&ˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ åÈyöyñ
•y§ˆÏï˛ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üyöyñ •y!§Ó˚ ܲÌy ÷öˆÏ° ӈϰ •y§Ó öyÈÙÈöyñ öyÈÙÈöyÛ
ÈÙÙÙÙȧüyˆÏç !ܲå%È üyö%£Ï xyˆÏåÈ ÎyÓ˚y •y§ˆÏï˛ çyˆÏö öy– §Ó §üÎ˚ ü%á
àΩ˛#Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ !ܲÇÓy ˆàyüí˛¸y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ӈϧ ÌyˆÏܲ– ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ ܲ!Ó ~ܲ!ê˛
üçyÓ˚ ܲ!Óï˛y Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ ÎyÓ˚y •y§ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy Óy •y§ˆÏï˛ ˆã˛‹Ty
ܲˆÏÓ˚ öy ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ •y§yˆÏï˛– ܲ!Ó ã˛yö öy üyö%£Ï ˆÜ˛yöÄ §üˆÏÎ˚ ü%á

¢•ˆÏÓ˚ ˆ§•z §üˆÏÎ˚ ˆÜ˛ö ~áöÄ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˆ°yܲ Î!ò ç° ã˛yÎ˚ ï˛y•ˆÏ°
ï˛yˆÏܲ ˆÓ¢ öyhflÏyöyÓ%ò •ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ç° ˆï˛y ˛õyÎ˚•z öyñ í˛z˛õÓ˚v ˆçyˆÏê˛
öyöy ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ °yN˛öyñ àOöy– ÚxÓyܲ ç°˛õyöÛ öyüܲ Ó˚üƒÓ˚ã˛öyÓ˚
ˆ˛õåȈÏö Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ x!ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚&î !ã˛e– üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ x§•yÎ˚ï˛yÓ˚
§%ˆÏÎyà !öˆÏÎ˚ üyö%£Ï ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ ï˛yˆÏܲ ˆ•öfliy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚•z ~ܲ!ê˛ Ü˛Ó˚&î
ò,¢ƒ !ï˛!ö flõ‹T˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆüˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
Úˆöyê˛Ó•zÛˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚Ä Ü˛!Ó ÓƒDydܲ ܲ!Óï˛y Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ïÑ˛yÓ˚
åÈye ç#ÓˆÏö x!ôܲyÇ¢ ˆåȈϰˆÏüˆÏÎ˚Ó˚y §•ˆÏç ˛õÓ˚#«˛yÎ˚ ˛õy¢ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ
ü)° Ó•z!ê˛ öy ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ˆöyê˛Ó•z ü%áfli ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚#«˛yÎ˚ Ó§ï˛– ~Ó˚ ú˛ˆÏ°
ˆöyê˛Ó•z ˛õí˛¸y ˆåȈϰˆÏüˆÏÎ˚Ó˚y ˆÓ!¢Ó˚ û˛yà•z ˆú˛° ܲÓ˚ï˛ Óy ˆÜ˛yöÄ
Ó˚ܲˆÏü ˛õy¢ ܲÓ˚ï˛–
Ú˛õyˆÏ°yÎ˚yöÛ Ü˛!Óï˛y ˆ°áyÓ˚ !˛õåȈÏöÄ •z!ï˛•y§ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ܲ!Ó
ˆòˆÏáˆÏåÈöñ ˆ§•z §üˆÏÎ˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ ã˛ã≈˛y ~ܲê˛y xy°yòy §üyˆÏç üÎ≈yòy ˆ˛õï˛–
ÎyÓ˚y ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ ã˛ã≈˛y ܲÓ˚ï˛ ï˛yÓ˚y ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ˆÏܲ !ë˛Ü˛ Ó˚yáyÓ˚ çöƒ û˛y° û˛y°
áyÓyÓ˚ ˆáï˛ Îy ˆòˆÏá xˆÏöˆÏܲ•z xÓyܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎï˛– ~•z §Ó
˛õyˆÏ°yÎ˚yöÓ˚y ˆåÈyê˛ˆÏòÓ˚ §yüˆÏö ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !Ó¢y° Ó˛õ% ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ ~üö §Ó
xq$ï˛ à“ Ó°ï˛ ï˛yˆÏï˛ ˆåÈyê˛Ó˚y xÓyܲ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎï˛– ˆ§•z xÓyܲ •ˆÏÎ˚
ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy=!°ˆÏܲ ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü ≤Ãܲy¢
ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– Úˆá°yÓ˚ åȈϰ £Ï¤˛#ã˛Ó˚î •y!ï˛ ˆ°yˆÏú˛ö Îáö ï˛áöñ†ˆòˆÏ•Ó˚
Äçö |!ö¢!ê˛ üöñ ¢_´ ˆÎö ˆ°y•yÓ˚ àë˛öÛ– àí˛¸˛õyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚
Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ˛õyˆÏ¢ !åÈ° !Ó‹T% ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ã˛ã≈˛y ˆÜ˛w– ˆ§áyˆÏö
§Ü˛y° ˆÌˆÏܲ ÷Ó˚& •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÎï˛ Î%ÓܲˆÏòÓ˚ ˆò•ã˛ã≈˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!¢«˛î–
Úà¶˛!Óã˛yÓ˚Û Ü˛!Óï˛y!ê˛ Ü˛!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ Î!òÄ ~ܲ!ê˛ à“

24 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012

ܲyˆÏ°y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ӈϧ ÌyÜ%˛Ü˛– ˆ§ Ó%ˆÏí˛¸y ˆ•yܲ Óy !¢÷– !ï˛!ö
§Ü˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ •y!§ ü%á ˆòáˆÏï˛ ã˛yö– xyÓ˚ ˆ§•z ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ܲ!Ó
~•z ܲ!Óï˛y!ê˛ Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
Ú!ë˛Ü˛yöyÛ Ü˛!Óï˛y!ê˛ !°ˆÏá ܲ!Ó xˆÏã˛öy ˆ°yˆÏܲÓ˚
!ë˛Ü˛yöy ˆáÑyçyÓ˚ !ã˛e!ê˛ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ~áö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚
!ܲÇÓy @ˇÃyˆÏü ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˆ°yܲ Î!ò
ܲyÓ˚ÄÓ˚ !ë˛Ü˛yöy çyöˆÏï˛ Ü˛yÓ˚ÄÓ˚ §y•y΃ ˆöÎ˚ñ ï˛y•ˆÏ°
~üöû˛yˆÏÓ ˛õyí˛¸yÓ˚ ˆ°yˆÏܲÓ˚y Ä•z xˆÏã˛öy ˆ°yܲ!ê˛ˆÏܲ !ë˛Ü˛yöy
Ó°ï˛ !ܲÇÓy ˛õÌ !öˆÏò≈¢ !òï˛ ÎyˆÏï˛ ˆ°yܲ!ê˛ xyÓ˚Ä
öyˆÏç•y° •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸– ~ê˛y ~ܲ ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ò%‹T%!ü Îy ܲ!Ó
á%Ó ÎˆÏbÓ˚ §ˆÏD ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö–
ÚÓ%!é˛ˆÏÎ˚ Ó°yÛ Ü˛!Óï˛y!ê˛Ó˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆ§•z §üÎ˚ܲyÓ˚
~ܲ!ê˛ §ï˛ƒ !ã˛e ôÓ˚y ˛õˆÏí˛¸– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ˆ§•z §üÎ˚ xˆÏöܲ
xÓ§Ó˚≤ÃyÆ ÓÎ˚flÒ ˆ°yܲ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yÎ˚yˆÏܲ ӈϧ !òö
ܲyê˛yï˛– ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˆÜ˛yöÄ §üÎ˚ ï˛yÓ˚y ˆ°yܲ ˆ˛õï˛ öy à“
ܲÓ˚yÓ˚– ˛õy¢ !òˆÏÎ˚ Î!ò ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˆã˛öy ˆ°yܲ ˆÎï˛ ï˛y•ˆÏ°
ï˛yˆÏܲ ˆí˛ˆÏܲ à“ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty ܲÓ˚ï˛– !ܲv ˆ°yˆÏܲÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛
≤Ãã%˛Ó˚ ܲyç– à“ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ §üÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚Ê ˆ§•z §üÎ˚ܲyÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yÎ˚yˆÏÜ Ó§y ≤âǧyÎ˚ ˛õM˛Èü%á •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ï˛– ~•z ˛õM˛Èü%ˆÏáÓ˚ ≤âǧyÓ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚•z
ÓÎ˚flÒ ˆ°yˆÏܲˆÏòÓ˚ Ó˚yhflÏy !òˆÏÎ˚ ã˛°y ˆã˛öy ˆ°yܲˆÏòÓ˚ ˆí˛ˆÏܲ à“ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏeÓ˚ xy§° ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛Î˚ !ü°ï˛– ˆ§ê˛yˆÏܲ öy Ó%ˆÏé˛ Î!ò ˆÜ˛í˛z !ÓÓyˆÏ•
•zˆÏFåÈê˛yˆÏܲ•z ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ û˛y° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ú%˛!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ~ˆÏàyï˛ ï˛y•ˆÏ° ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲ˛õyˆÏ° ò%Éá åÈyí˛¸y xyÓ˚ !ܲå%È ÌyÜ˛ï˛ öy–
ܲ!Óï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚– ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ §üˆÏÎ˚•z ≤Ãï˛ƒ«˛ û˛yˆÏÓ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ˆ§•z §üˆÏÎ˚ !Ó•yÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ xy§y xˆÏöܲ ˆ°yܲ Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ܲ°ü ôÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö öy– !ï˛!ö §Ó §üÎ˚ ˛õˆÏÓ˚y«˛ û˛yˆÏÓ Ü˛!Óï˛y Ó˚ã˛öyÓ˚
ˆÓ˚yÎ˚yˆÏܲ ӈϧ ò%˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ úÑ˛yˆÏܲ ˆáˆÏÎ˚ ˆòˆÏÎ˚ !Ó◊yü öy !öˆÏÎ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ §üyçˆÏܲ ܲ£Ïyâyï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ö ~ÓÇ ˆ§ê˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ö •y§ƒÓ˚ˆÏ§Ó˚
ˆû˛yç˛õ%!Ó˚ àyö ày•zï˛– ˆ§•z àyö x!ôܲyÇ¢ ˆ°yܲ Ó%é˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õyÓ˚ï˛ öy– üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚– ~•z ܲyÓ˚ˆÏî ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ xyçÄ §üyöû˛yˆÏÓ çö!≤ÃÎ˚–
!ܲv ~•z ˆû˛yç˛õ%!Ó˚ àyˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ°yܲˆÏòÓ˚ à°y !åÈ° ~ˆÏܲÓyˆÏÓ˚ •yçyÓ˚ ܲ!Ó §%Ü%˛üyÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ åÈye •ÄÎ˚yÎ˚ !ÓK˛yö!Óü%á Óyäy!°Ó˚
ˆí˛!§ˆÏӈϰÓ˚ °yí˛zí˛!flõܲyÓ˚– ܲyö ˆú˛ˆÏê˛ ˆÎï˛ ~ˆÏòÓ˚ àyö ÷ˆÏö– ˆ§•z çöƒ !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ ˆÓ¢ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ !öÓ¶˛ Ó˚ã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈö–
!ã˛eê˛yˆÏܲ•z ܲ!Ó ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö §%%!ö˛õ%î û˛yˆÏÓ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ ÚàyˆÏöÓ˚ ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ Úàƒy!°!°ÄÛñ Úxçyöy ˆò¢Ûñ Úˆúœ˛yˆÏÓ˚™ öy•z!ê˛ˆÏD°Û
=шÏï˛yÛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÎ˚– Úàyö ç%ˆÏí˛¸ˆÏåÈö @ˇÃ#‹øܲyˆÏ° û˛#‹øˆÏ°yã˛ö ¢ü≈y† í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ– !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ ܲy!•!ö=!°ˆÏܲ ÓyÇ°y û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ Ó˚ˆÏ§ ã%˛!ÓˆÏÎ˚
xyÄÎ˚yçáyöy !òˆÏFåÈ •yöy !ò!Õ‘ ˆÌˆÏܲ Óü≈y–Û !ï˛!ö ˛õyë˛Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– !ÓK˛yˆÏöÓ˚ í˛zߨ!ï˛ öy •ˆÏ° ˆÎ
ڧͲõyeÛ Ü˛!Óï˛yÎ˚ ܲ!Ó §%ܲ% üyÓ˚ §üyˆÏçÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ x!ï˛ §ï˛ƒ !ã˛eˆÏܲ §û˛ƒï˛yÓ˚ x@ˇÃà!ï˛ •ˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚ öy ˆ§ê˛y !ï˛!ö xö%û˛Ó ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛
ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– ˆ§•z §üˆÏÎ˚ ˆüˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ !ÓˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ §!ë˛Ü˛ ˛õye ˆ˛õˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö ӈϰ•z xçyöy !ÓK˛yö Ó˚•§ƒˆÏܲ §•ç û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚
á%ÑçˆÏï˛ ˆàˆÏ° ˆåȈϰˆÏòÓ˚ ÓyÓyÈÙÈüy !ܲÇÓy ˛õyí˛¸yÓ˚ ˆ°yˆÏܲÓ˚y ˛õyˆÏeÓ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– q

xy˛õöyÓ˚ xM˛ÈˆÏ°Ó˚ ã˛yÓ˚yàyåÈ=!°Ó˚ Îb !öö–

≤ÃyÜ,˛!ï˛Ü˛ û˛yÓ˚§yüƒ Ä ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ Ó˚«˛yÎ˚ ~!àˆÏÎ˚ xy§%ö–
ï˛Ìƒ Ä çö§ÇˆÏÎyà !Óû˛yà
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy

ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012 25

 ¢ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈ xöyˆÏ°y!ã˛ï˛
!ã˛e!¢“# öˆÏÓ˚wöyÌ ü!Õ‘Ü˛
ˆçƒy!ï˛≤çyò Ó˚yÎ˚
2 ú%˛!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ ˛õ%Ó˚yîܲÌyñ ôü#≈Î˚ ã˛!Ó˚e Ä âê˛öy!öû≈˛Ó˚
!ã˛ eܲ°y Îáö •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛ ~ܲ ê%˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚y ܲƒyöû˛yˆÏ§ñ ò#â≈ !°áö
!ܲÇÓy û˛y£ÏˆÏîÓ˚ Ó‡üy!eܲ ≤Ãܲy¢ñ üöܲyí˛¸y §Çà#ˆÏï˛Ó˚ xï˛°
ÓƒOöyñ ã˛°!ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ xÈÙÈÓyܲ !ÓfløÎ˚ñ xyÓ,!_Ó˚ üyÎ˚yÓ# xyˆÏÓ¢ñ ü%?˛
Óƒ!_´ˆÏcÓ˚ ˆã˛yÓ˚yê˛yöñ ï˛áö ò¢≈ܲÈÙÈÓ!˚ §ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÜ˛y£Ï#Î˚ xhsˇˆÓÏ ˚ ≤Ãyï˛ƒ!•Ü˛ï˛yÓ˚
!•ˆÏ§Óܲ£Ïy ˆ°öˆÏòöñ í˛zÍܲt˛yñ @’y!öñ ò%ÉáÈÙÈÎsfîyñ •ï˛y¢...•zï˛ƒy!ò
«˛!îˆÏܲÓ˚ çˆÏöƒ •ˆÏ°Ä ì˛yܲy ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ÎyÎ˚ñ ~üö !¢“ÈÙÈò¢≈ˆÏöÓ˚ xˆÏüÎ˚
ˆçƒyÍfl¨yÎ˚– à•ö xö%û˛ˆÏÓ– ~ Ó˚ܲü !ã˛eܲ°yÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü xy!ôܲyÓ˚#
•ˆÏ°ö !¢“# öˆÏÓ˚wöyÌ ü!Õ‘Ü˛– ÷Ó˚& ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö =Ó˚& xÓö#wöyÌ
ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ñ ö®°y° Ó§%ÛÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏ¢ ӈϧ– xÌ≈yÍ !Ó !ê˛¢ !öÎ˚sfîyô#ö
˛õM˛ÈüÓy!•ö#ˆÏï˛ ˆÎyà ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ S1942V xyˆÏà ÚˆÓD° fl%Ò°ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚
âÓ˚yöy Ó˚Æ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ !ï˛!ö !öˆÏçÓ˚ Ó˚&!ã˛ Ä Óƒ!_´c xö%ÎyÎ˚# ç°Ó˚ˆÏä
26
xyáƒyöüy°y– ~•z ˛õˆÏÓ≈ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ Ü˛yç=!° •°ÈÙÙÙÙÈ¢Ü%˛hsˇ°yÓ˚
˛õe!°áöñ Ü,˛£èÓ°Ó˚yüñ ò¢ü•y!Óòƒy Ä ˜ã˛ï˛ˆÏöƒÓ˚ ç#ÓöܲÌyÛÓ˚ !§!Ó˚ç
•zï˛ƒy!ò– ~•z §Ó åÈ!ÓˆÏï˛ ˆÎüö §öyï˛ö û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ !ã˛eܲ°yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚¡õÓ˚y
xö%ÎyÎ˚# xyáƒyö xyˆÏåÈñ ˆï˛ü!ö û˛yÓÓ›ñ ã˛!Ó˚e âê˛öyˆÏܲ ˆú˛yê˛yˆÏöyÓ˚
çöƒ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ÚÄÎ˚yˆÏ¢ÛÓ˚ ˆê˛Ü˛!öܲ– åÈ!ÓÓ˚ üyô%Î≈ˆÏܲ fliy!Î˚c
òyˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ @ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ˆê˛ˆÏ¡õÓ˚yÓ˚ ≤ÃܲÓ˚îñ Îy ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !ö!Óí˛¸ ◊ü
Ä !ö¤˛yÓ˚ xç≈ö– xyáƒyö!öû≈˛Ó˚ ~•z §ühflÏ !ã˛ˆÏeÓ˚ ˆÓ˚áyÎ˚ ~ÓÇ
§yòyÈÙÈܲyˆÏ°y Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ §%£Ïü !ÓöƒyˆÏ§ ≤Ã!ï˛û˛yï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ !¢“#Ó˚ fl∫ï˛Éfl≥)˛ï≈˛
öy®!öܲ ˆÓyôñ !öçfl∫ ò,!‹TˆïÏ ˛ ˙!ï˛•ƒˆÏܲ !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆòáy !ܲÇÓy ˛õ%Óy˚ îܲÌyÓ˚
üyôƒˆÏü !öˆÏçÓ˚ ܲyˆÏ°Ó˚ ≤ÃÓ•üyö ÓyhflÏÓï˛yˆÏܲ í˛zˆÏß√y!ã˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚y– ï˛y•z
Ú¢Ü%˛hsˇ°yÓ˚ ˛õe!°áöÛÈÙÈ~ ≤Ãã˛!°ï˛ !ÓÓ˚•ÈÙÈÎsfîyÓ˚ x!û˛Óƒ!_´ åÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚
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ܲüˆÏ≤’: xyˆÏåÈñ !ܲv ï˛yˆÏï˛ Ó˚ˆÏ§Ó˚ xû˛yÓ ˆö•z–Û S!¢“û˛yÓöyñ §%ˆÏÓyô
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≤Ãyï˛ƒ!•Ü˛ï˛y– ~•z §üˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ˛õ!™° ˆflÒã˛=!° !ã˛!öˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÎ˚ñ fl∫yô#öï˛y
˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ Ä òˆÏ¢Ó˚ fl∫Ó˚*˛õ– §üyhsˇÓ˚y°û˛yˆÏÓ ú%˛ˆÏê˛ ÄˆÏë˛ ≤Ãy!hsˇÜ˛
Óyäy!°Ó˚ ç#ÓöÈÙȧÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ öyöy ˛õ÷•ï˛ƒyñ xy°%Ìy°% ˆÓˆÏ¢Ó˚ ö,ï˛ƒÓ˚ï˛
@ˇÃyü#î Ó˚üî#ñ âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !ö!Ó˚!Ó!° í˛zˆÏë˛yˆÏö üy Ä !¢÷Ó˚ á%ö§%!ê˛ •zï˛ƒy!ò–
xÌ≈yÍ !¢“# öˆÏÓ˚wöyÌñ ç#Óö Ä ç#!ÓܲyÓ˚ §)ˆÏe ¢•Ó˚Óy§# •ˆÏ°Ä
ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Óƒ!_´c !åÈ° ≤ÃÜ,ï˛ xˆÏÌ≈•z öyà!Ó˚ܲ Ó˚&!ã˛ ~ÓÇ !¢«˛yÎ˚ ò#!«˛ï˛–
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ÓÓ˚Ç !öˆÏçÓ˚ üö Ä üöˆÏöÓ˚ §%£Ïü ÓƒÓ•yˆÏÓ˚ xyÓ•üyö öÓ˚öyÓ˚#Ó˚
§%áÈÙÈò%ɈÏáÓ˚ xy¢yû˛yà# •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛!åȈϰö !ï˛!ö– ~•z ç#ÓöˆÏÓyôÈÙÈ•z
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~ܲyˆÏí˛!üÛÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y° åÈy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ °%ƒÛû˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xy!äöyÎ˚ xyçÄ ˆ¢yû˛y
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ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
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!ã˛öñ 3 !í˛ˆÏ§¡∫Ó˚ 2011
˛õ !ÿ˛üÓˆÏDÓ˚ ü%áƒüsf# üüï˛y ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyˆÏÎÓ˚ ˚ üˆÏöyöÎ˚ˆöÏ Ä !öˆÏòˆ≈ ¢Ï
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò Sfl∫yfliƒ Ä Ó!hflÏV xï˛#ö
ˆây£Ïñ BRICS ˆày¤˛#û%˛_´ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ xhsˇàï≈ ˛ ¢•Ó˚=!°Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ §•ˆÏÎy!àï˛y
Ä Ó¶%˛ˆÏcÓ˚ ˆÎ üM˛È ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õM˛Èü §û˛yÎ˚ í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö–
BRICS ˆày¤˛#û%˛_´ ˆò¢=!° •° Ó y!ç°ñ Ó˚y!¢Î˚yñ û˛yÓ˚ï˛Ó£Ï≈ñ !ã˛ö Ä
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xƒyˆÏ§y!§ˆÏÎ˚¢ö ú˛Ó˚ ˆú ˛u˛!¢˛õ í˛z•zÌ ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ö ܲy!rê˛∆§ ~ÓÇ ã˛yÎ˚öy
•zrê˛yÓ˚öƒy¢öy° ˆú ˛u˛!¢˛õ !§!ê˛ç xƒyˆÏ§y!§ˆÏÎ˚¢ö– 2011 §yˆÏ°Ó˚
!í˛ˆÏ§¡∫Ó˚ üyˆÏ§ 1 ï˛y!Ó˚á ˆÌˆÏܲ 3 ï˛y!Ó˚á ˛õÎ≈hsˇ !ã˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ò!«˛î ≤ÃyˆÏhsˇ
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Ú!Ӡܲ§Û ˆày¤˛#û%˛_´ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ï,˛ï˛#Î˚ ¢#£Ï≈ §ˆÏ¡ø°öÄ 2011 §yˆÏ°Ó˚
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xyˆÏ°yã˛öy§û˛yÎ˚ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò Sfl∫yfliƒ Ä Ó!hflÏV xï˛#ö ˆây£Ï
Ú!Ӡܲ§Û ˆày¤˛#û%˛_´ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ¢•Ó˚=!°Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ §•ˆÏÎy!àï˛y Ä Ó¶%˛ˆÏcÓ˚
≤çˆÏD Ó°ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚
í˛zߨÎ˚öü)°Ü˛ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ !ӣψÏÎ˚ Ó_´Óƒ Ó˚yˆÏáö– û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ xöƒyöƒ
ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ!ê˛ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôÓ˚y Ó_´Óƒ Ó˚yáˆÏ°Ä ◊# ˆây£Ï !ã˛_@ˇÃy•# fl‘y•zí˛
ˆ¢yÛÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü xöƒyöƒ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôˆÏòÓ˚ üï˛ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó_´Óƒ í˛z˛õfliy˛õö
ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– û˛y£Ïî ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï xï˛#ö ˆây£ÏˆÏܲ í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ Ú!Ӡܲ§Û ˆày¤˛#û%˛_´
ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôÓ˚y fl∫ï˛Éfl≥)˛ï≈˛û˛yˆÏÓ x!û˛ö®ö çyöyö– !ã˛ˆÏöÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü
Ó,•_ü ¢•Ó˚ =Î˚yÇé˛yí˛zÈÙÈ~Ó˚ !ÓˆÏò¢ òƈÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆí˛˛õ%!ê˛ í˛y•zˆÏÓ˚QÓ˚ ˆçÇ
Ü%˛•zÇã%˛Ç ~ÓÇ xöƒyöƒÓ˚y Óƒ!_´àï˛û˛yˆÏÓ ◊# ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §ˆÏD ˆòáy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
=Î˚yÇé˛yí˛z ¢•Ó˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ §ˆÏD ÚÎüç ¢•Ó˚Û ~Ó˚ §¡õÜ≈˛ fliy˛õˆÏö
xy@ˇÃ•#– ~•z !ӣψÏÎ˚ ˆçÇ Ü%˛•zÇã%˛Ç !°!áï˛û˛yˆÏÓ ◊# ˆây£ÏˆÏܲ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚
≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôò° !öˆÏÎ˚ =Î˚yÇé˛yí˛z ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ xyüsfî çyöyö–
◊# ˆây£Ï ~•z §ˆÏ¡ø°ö §Çe´yhsˇ !Ó£ˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õ)î≈yD !Ó˚ˆÏ˛õyê≈˛
ü%áƒüsf#ˆÏܲ !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö–
ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò xï˛#ö ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ û˛y£Ïî ≠
xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ !≤ÃÎ˚ Ä ◊ˆÏk˛Î˚y ˆöe# ~ÓÇ Óï≈˛üyˆÏö û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚
çö!≤ÃÎ˚ çöˆÏöe# û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ xhsˇà≈ï˛ ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓˆÏDÓ˚ ü%áƒüsf# üüï˛y
ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ˆÏܲ Chinese People’s Association for Friendship
with Foreign Countries ~ÓÇ Chinese International
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
Friendship Cities Association, Co-operation between
Friendship Cities and Local Governments of BRICSÈÙÈ~Ó˚
≤ÃÌü ForumÈÙÈ~ í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ˆÎ xyüsfî çy!öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ï˛yÓ˚
çöƒ xy!ü àû˛#Ó˚ Ü,˛ï˛K˛ï˛y çyöy•z– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ üˆÏöyöÎ˚ˆöÏ xy!ü ~•z xö%¤˛yˆÏö
í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ •ˆÏÎ!˚ åÈ– !ã˛öñ Ó y!ç°ñ Ó˚y!¢Î˚yñ ò!«˛î xy!ú ˛Ü˛y ~ÓÇ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ó≈Ï ˚
xöƒyöƒ xLjϢÓ˚ í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ üyöö#Î˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôˆÏòÓ˚ xy!ü üyöö#Î˚y ˆöe#Ó˚
˛õ«˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ •y!ò≈ܲ ÷ˆÏû˛FåÈy Ä x!û˛ö®ö çyöy•z–
xy!ü çy!ö ˆÎ !Ӡܲ§ ˆò¢=!°Ó˚ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ Ä xyM˛È!°Ü˛
!ӣψÏÎ˚Ó˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚ ΈÏÌ‹T í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ ≤Ãû˛yÓ xyˆÏåÈ– !Ӡܲ§ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xhsˇà≈ï˛
˛õÑyã˛!ê˛ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ çö§ÇáƒyÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ~ܲÈÙÈï,˛ï˛#Î˚yÇ¢– xy!ü ò,ì˛¸û˛yˆÏÓ !ÓŸªy§
ܲ!Ó˚ ˆÎñ !Ӡܲ§ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲyçܲü≈ Ú!Ӡܲ§ ˆú ˛u˛!¢˛õ !§!ê˛§Û í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ í˛z˛õÓ˚
!ÓhflÏyÓ˚ °yû˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ í˛zß¨ï˛ Ü˛y!Ó˚à!Ó˚ !öû≈˛Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲyë˛yˆÏüy í˛zߨÎ˚öñ
ò)£Ïî•#ö ¢•Ó˚ ~ÓÇ fl∫ÈÙÈ!öû≈˛Ó˚ fliyö#Î˚ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ÈÙÈ≤ây§ö àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛°ˆÏï˛
§y•y΃ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ– xy!ü ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ fl∫¢y!§ï˛ fliyö#Î˚
¢y§öÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ üï˛ ~ï˛ Óí˛¸ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ%Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓyÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliy ܲÓ˚y Ä
ˆòÄÎ˚y ~ܲ!ê˛ !Ó¢y° ܲü≈ܲy[˛– xyüÓ˚yÈÙÙÙÙÈ
1. xyô%!öܲ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ í˛zß¨ï˛ Ü˛y!Ó˚à!Ó˚ ÓƒÓfliyÎ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚flÀ%ï˛ ç°
§Ó˚ÓÓ˚y• ܲÓ˚!åÈ– üy•zˆÏe´yÈÙÈê˛yˆÏö!°Ç ˛õk˛!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ~Ó˚ çöƒ
˛õy•z˛õ Ó§yˆÏöy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
2. ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó˚yhflÏy=!° üƒy!fiê˛Ü˛ xƒy§ú˛Œê˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ í˛zß¨ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y
•ˆÏFåÈ– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÄ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ §•yÎ˚ܲ ܲy!Ó˚à!Ó˚ ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ §y•y΃
ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
3. x!ï˛ ≤Ãyã˛#ö •zˆÏê˛Ó˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ˛õÎ˚É≤Ãîy°# ÓƒÓfliy í˛zß¨ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y
•ˆÏFåÈ–
4. ¢!_´§y◊Î˚ܲyÓ˚# LED Óy!ï˛ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ °yàyˆÏöy •ˆÏFåÈ–
5. !Óöyü)ˆÏ°ƒ öyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ fl∫yfliƒ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ˆòÄÎ˚y
•ˆÏFåÈ–
6. !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ≤ÃòyˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe e-governanceÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ÓƒÓfliy
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
7. üy!ê˛Ó˚ ö#ˆÏã˛ ày!í˛¸ ˛õy!Ü≈˛ÇÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ÓƒÓfliy ã˛y°% ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
8. §yüy!çܲ ˆ«˛ˆÏeñ fl∫î≈çÎ˚hsˇ# ¢•!Ó˚ ˆÓ˚yçàyÓ˚ ˆÎyçöyñ çöö#
§%Ó˚«˛y ˆÎyçöyñ Ó˚yç#Ó xyÓy§ ˆÎyçöy •zï˛ƒy!ò ˆöÄÎ˚y
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
29
 !Ӡܲ§ ˆày¤˛#û%˛_´ ˆò¢=!°Ó˚ §ˆÏ¡ø°ˆÏö ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò xï˛#ö ˆây£Ï–
ï˛y §ˆÏ_¥ÈÄ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §ü§ƒy xöƒ ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚– 1947 §yˆÏ° û˛yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚
fl∫yô#öï˛y °yˆÏû˛Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚ 3 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛Ó˚Ä ˆÓ!¢ üyö%£Ï §#üyöy x!ï˛e´ü ܲˆÏÓ˚
~ˆÏ§ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y Ä xyˆÏ¢˛õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ ~°yܲyÎ˚ xy◊Î˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
˛õ!Ó˚ܲyë˛yˆÏüy í˛zߨÎ˚öÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ≤Ã!«˛ˆÏï˛ ÎˆÏÌ‹T öÎ˚– !Ӡܲ§ xhsˇû%≈˛_´
ˆò¢=ˆÏ°yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ÎyÓ˚y ܲy!Ó˚à!Ó˚ ò«˛ï˛yÎ˚ ~ÓÇ xÌ≈˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛û˛yˆÏÓ
xöƒˆÏòÓ˚ ï%˛°öyÎ˚ x@ˇÃî#ñ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ xy!ü ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲyë˛yˆÏüy
í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏö §Ó≈ˆÏï˛yû˛yˆÏÓ §•ˆÏÎy!àï˛yÓ˚ çöƒ xy•¥yö çyöyÓ– xyüyˆÏòÓ˚
Ó˚yçƒ §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚Ä ~•z !ӣψÏÎ˚ ΈÏÌ‹T xy@ˇÃ•#– üˆÏö Ó˚yáˆÏÓöñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
¢•Ó˚ ò!«˛îÈÙÈ˛õ)Ó≈ ~!¢Î˚yÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÓ¢myÓ˚Ä ÓˆÏê˛–
àï˛Ü˛y° ˆÎû˛yˆÏÓ !Ӡܲ§ ˆò¢=!° ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ¢!_´ Ä ò%Ó≈°ï˛y !öˆÏÎ˚
ˆáy°yá%!° xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ ï˛yˆÏܲ xy!ü §yô%Óyò çyöy•z– §ü§ƒy•z
30
ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ §%ˆÏÎyà ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆòÎ˚– §ü§ƒy=!°ˆÏܲ xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §!¡ø!°ï˛ ¢!_´ˆÏï˛
ˆÎÔÌû˛yˆÏÓ ˆüyܲy!Ó°y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓÈÙÙÙÙÈï˛ˆÏÓ•z !Ӡܲ§ ˆú˛yÓ˚yü ï˛yͲõÎ≈˛õ)î≈
•ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ–
xy!ü xyfliy¢#° ˆÎñ !Ӡܲ§ ˆò¢=!°Ó˚ ¢•ˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ Ä ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ≤ây§ˆÏöÓ˚
üˆÏôƒ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ §ü,k˛ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ˛õyÓ˚flõ!Ó˚ܲ x!û˛K˛ï˛y Ä
K˛yö ˆÌˆÏܲ xyüÓ˚y °ˆÏ«˛ƒ ˆ˛õÑÔåȈÏöyÓ˚ xö%ˆÏ≤ÃÓ˚îy ˛õyÓ–
§Óy•zˆÏܲ xyàyü# !òö=!°Ó˚ çöƒ ÷ˆÏû˛FåÈy çyöy•z Ä §ÓyÓ˚ öï%˛ö
ÓåÈÓ˚ 2012ÈÙÈÓ˚ §%á Ä §ü,!k˛ ܲyüöy ܲ!Ó˚– BRICS Friendship
Cities Association ò#â≈ç#Ó# ˆ•yܲ–
Xie Xie (Thank You) q
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
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ӈϰˆÏåÈöñ Ú˛õˆÏÌ xÓ¢ƒ•z Óyôy xyˆÏåÈ– Óy•zˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ÓyôyÓ˚ ˆã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆÓ!¢
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ˆòáyˆÏöy §Ω˛Ó Îáö üyö%£Ï ï˛yÓ˚ ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ ò)ˆÏÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ° ÎyÎ˚– xyÓ˚
ï˛áö•z üyö§ˆÏöˆÏe ï˛yÓ˚ §%®Ó˚ Ó˚*˛õ ú%˛ˆÏê˛ ÄˆÏë˛ xyÓ˚ öÓ öÓ üô%Ó˚
û˛yˆÏÓ •*òÎ˚ xy≤’%ï˛ •Î˚–Û
ºüˆÏî xçyöyˆÏܲ çyöy xyÓ˚ xyö® ò%ˆÏê˛y•z xyˆÏåÈ– xÌã˛ §yô
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ÎyÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ ĈÏë˛ öy Óy!° ˆÌˆÏܲ Óy!°àO– ã˛ˆÏ°y Ó°ˆÏ°•z ˆï˛y xyÓ˚
ÎyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ öy– xÓ¢ƒ ˆòáyÓ˚ ˆã˛yá ÌyܲˆÏ° !ÓÓyò# Óyà ˆÌˆÏܲ
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•yˆÏï˛Ó˚ öyàyˆÏ°Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ•z Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ÜÑ˛yë˛y°˛õyí˛¸y ˆÌˆÏܲ ÓƒyˆÏu˛° •ˆÏÎ˚
ˆòÓyö®˛õ%Ó˚ xÌÓy §Ó%çm#˛õÈÙÙÙÙÈü® ܲ#Ê ˆ§•z ˆÎ xyˆÏåÈ öyñÈÙÙÙÙÈÚˆòáy
•Î˚ öy•z ã˛«%˛ ˆü!°Î˚y†âÓ˚ •ˆÏï˛ ÷ô% ò%•z ˛õy ˆú˛!°Î˚y†~ܲ!ê˛ ôyˆÏöÓ˚
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ˆáÑyçyÓ˚Ä ˆã˛‹Ty ܲ!Ó˚–
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§%òì, ˛¸ xyÓ˚ öï%˛ö ≤ÃÎ!% _´ˆÏï˛ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ò,!‹Tö®ö •ˆÏΈ˚ åÏ È– !ÓˆÏò!¢ ˆÜ˛y¡õy!öÓ˚
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xˆÏöܲ«˛î òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ñ !ܲv Úˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ˆòáy öy•z ˆàyñ ˆï˛yüyÓ˚ ˆòáy öy•zÛ
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ˆï˛y •yê˛ÈÙÈÓyçyÓ˚– ~ܲ§üÎ˚ Óy!°Ó˚ xy!ôˆÏܲƒÓ˚ çöƒ•z !ܲ ~•z öyü⁄
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ì˛yÜ%˛!Ó˚Î˚y– Úì˛yÜ%˛!Ó˚Î˚yÛ öyü!ê˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ öy!ܲ §ï˛#òyˆÏ•Ó˚ §üÎ˚ ܲyˆÏ°
ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲâÓ˚ ì˛y!ܲÓ˚ ~áyˆÏö xyhflÏyöy !åÈ°– ï˛yÓ˚y•z §ï˛#òy•Ó˚ §üˆÏÎ˚ ì˛yܲ
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
Óyçyï˛– ˆ§•z ì˛yˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ•z öy!ܲ xyM˛È!°Ü˛ öyü ì˛yÜ%˛!Ó˚Î˚y– ÓÑy ˛õyˆÏ¢
Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ §ˆÏÓ˚yçö!°ö# ü!•°y §!ü!ï˛ Ä !¢«˛y ü!®Ó˚– §ˆÏÓ˚yçö!°ö#
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Ó ï˛ã˛yÓ˚# §!ü!ï˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yï˛y fl∫öyüôöƒ =Ó˚&§òÎ˚ ò_– ïÑ˛yÓ˚ Ó‡ü%á#
≤Ã!ï˛û˛y Ä çöܲ°ƒyîܲÓ˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ çöƒ ˛õM˛Èü çç≈ 1918 §yˆÏ°
§ˆÏÓ˚yçö!°ö# ˆòÓ#ˆÏܲ ~ü !Ó •z í˛z˛õy!ôˆÏï˛ û)˛!£Ïï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö– §yüˆÏö
Óy!°àOÈÙÈܲ§ÓyÓ˚ §ÇˆÏÎyàܲyÓ˚# !Óçö ˆ§ï%˛– ˆê˛∆ˆÏö ò%‹,Òï˛#ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÓxy•z!ö
ܲyçܲˆÏü≈Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !àˆÏÎ˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ xye´üˆÏî •z!O!öÎ˚yÓ˚
!ÓçöÓyÓ%Ó˚ xܲy°ü,ï%˛ƒ âˆÏê˛ñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚•z flø,!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ~•z !Óçö ˆ§ï%˛–
•ë˛yÍ ˆò!á ~ܲê˛y 25 ö¡∫Ó˚ ê˛∆yü ˆòáy ÎyˆÏFåÈñ ÓyôyÓ˚ ü%á=ˆÏ°yˆÏï˛
xy=ö çµy°yˆÏï˛ çµy°yˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§ òÑyí˛¸y°– xyˆÏà !˛õˆÏåÈ öy ˆû˛ˆÏÓ ê˛∆yˆÏü
ã˛ˆÏí˛¸ Ó§°yüñ ˆö•yÍ•z ˆéÑ˛yˆÏܲÓ˚ ӈϢñ ~ܲê%˛ §y¶˛ƒ ºüˆÏîÓ˚ Óy!ï˛ˆÏܲ–
çyö°yÓ˚ ôyˆÏÓ˚ !§ê˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y üyˆÏö °ê˛y!Ó˚Ó˚ !ê˛!ܲˆÏê˛ ≤Ãy•zç ˛õyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ §y!ü°–
ï˛y•z âê˛°– ܲu˛yÜ˛ê˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ â!rê˛ˆÏï˛ ê˛∆yü ã˛°ˆÏï˛ ÷Ó˚& ܲÓ˚°– §yüˆÏö
à!í˛¸Î˚y•yê˛– à!í˛¸Î˚y•yê˛ xyÓ˚ à!í˛¸Î˚y !ܲv ~ܲ öÎ˚ñ ò)Ó˚c xˆÏöܲ– ò!«˛î
24 ˛õÓ˚àöyÓ˚ à!í˛¸Î˚y•yˆÏê˛Ó˚ ~ܲ §üÎ˚ ≤Ã!§!k˛ !åÈ°ñ à!í˛¸Î˚yÓ˚ §ˆÏD
à!í˛¸Î˚y•yˆÏê˛Ó˚ ܲ# §¡õˆÏÜ≈˛Ó˚ ˆÎyà çyöy ˆö•zñ ~Ó˚y Îüç ˆÓyö öy!ܲ⁄
e´ü¢ !û˛í˛¸ Óyí˛¸ˆÏåÈñ ˛õy Ó˚yáÓyÓ˚ ˆçy ˆö•z– ~ܲ Ó˚!§Ü˛ Îye#
Ó°ˆÏ°öñÈÙÙÙÙÈÎy ÚÓ˚y§Ûñ xyÓ˚ ~ܲçö Îye# ˆá•z ôˆÏÓ˚ ú%˛ê˛ ܲyê˛ˆÏ°öÈÙÙÙÙÈ
÷ô% ÚÓ˚y§Û ˆÜ˛ö òyòyñ Ó˚y§ xyÓ˚ é%˛°ö ˆï˛y ~ܲ§ˆÏD•zñ xyüÓ˚y ò%Û•yï˛
ï%˛ˆÏ° ˆÜ˛üö ˆàÔÓ˚yD •ˆÏÎ˚•z xy!åÈ– ~ܲçö Îye# ˆãÑ˛!ã˛ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zë˛ˆÏ°öÈÙÙÙÙÈ
ÚxyˆÏÓ˚ òyòyñ xyüyÓ˚ ˛õyOy!Óê˛y åÈyí˛Yöñ çyüyê˛y ˆï˛y !ÓˆÏö ˛õÎ˚§yÎ˚
!àˆÏ° ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆåȈÏí˛¸ !òˆÏ°ö–ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!ê˛!ܲê˛ñ §yüˆÏö ܲu˛yܲê˛Ó˚–ÈÙÙÙÙȈöyöy˛õ%Ü%˛Ó˚
~ܲê˛y– üˆÏö üˆÏö û˛yÓ!åÈñ •Î˚ï˛ ~ܲ ܲyˆÏ° Ä•z xM˛ÈˆÏ° ˛õ%Ü%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
˛õyˆÏí˛¸ !åÈ° ~ܲê˛y ˆöyöyàyåÈ– xyç ï˛yÓ˚ x!hflÏc ÷ô% üye öyˆÏü–
~ܲê˛y xyܲy¢ã%˛¡∫# Óy!í˛¸Ó˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ°Ó˚ !°áö ú˛ƒyܲyˆÏ¢ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈñ
!ܲv ï˛áöÄ ˛õí˛¸y ÎyˆÏFåÈÈÙÙÙÙÈöܲ¢y°Óy!í˛¸ !ç®yÓyò– Óy!°àO úÑ˛y!í˛¸Ó˚
xyˆÏàÓ˚ fiê˛˛õ– !Óí˛¸°yˆÏòÓ˚ °-#ÈÙÈöyÓ˚yÎ˚î ü!®Ó˚– ˆŸªï˛ ˛õÿÏÓ˚Ó˚–
ü!®Ó˚üÎ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛ñ ò!«˛î û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ü!®Ó˚=!°Ó˚ xyòˆÏ° x˛õÓ˚*˛õ
x°ÇܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ §)- ܲyÓ˚&ܲyç ˆòáˆÏ° !ÓfløˆÏÎ˚ xÓyܲ •ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– ~!ê˛
~áö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ò¢≈ö#Î˚ fliyö– ê˛∆yü ã˛°ˆÏåÈñ ã˛°ˆÏåÈ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy–
!ÓŸªyÎ˚öñ °Ü˛ xyí˛zê˛ñ ã˛üܲy•zÎ˚yï˛°yñ üƒyã˛ àí˛¸yˆÏ˛õê˛yñ åÈeôÓ˚ÈÙÈüyÄÓyò#
!Ó!FåÈߨï˛yÓyò xyˆÏ®y°öñ ÓyôyÎ˚ !§D%ˆÏÓ˚ ê˛yê˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ÚöƒyˆÏöyÛÓ˚ ê˛yê˛yñ
üyÈÙÈüy!ê˛ÈÙÈüyö%£Ï ˆŸ’yàyˆÏö Óy!çüyÍñ !¢°yöƒy§ñ ˆê˛∆ö ò%â≈ê˛öyñ •zˆÏí˛ˆÏö
!Óò%ƒÍ !Óºyê˛ñ ˆôy!öÈÙȈ¢•ÓyàÈÙÈ¢ã˛#öñ ˆüy•öÓyàyöÈÙÈ•zfiê˛ˆÏÓD°ñ òyü
31
Ó,!k˛ñ Ó•zˆÏü°yñ !¢«˛y ã˛yܲ!Ó˚ñ Ó˚yçƒ Ó˚yçö#!ï˛Ó˚ û˛!Ó£ÏƒÍ •zï˛ƒy!ò ï˛yÓ˚
§ˆÏD ü%áˆÏÓ˚yã˛Ü˛ !ܲå%È•z Óyò ÎyˆÏFåÈ öy–ÈÙÙÙÙÈ!ê˛!Ü˛ê˛– Ó˚!§Ü˛ ܲu˛yܲê˛Ó˚ÈÙÙÙÙÈ
òyòyÓ˚y ÓyÓ˚y®yÎ˚ ˆÜ˛ö⁄ âˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆû˛ï˛ˆÏÓ˚ xy§%öñ ≤Ãîy!ü !òöñ Óƒy§–
~ܲçö Îye#Ó˚ ≤ß¿ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyFåÈy ܲu˛yܲê˛Ó˚ òyòyñ Ü˛ÇˆÏ@ˇÃ§ ~!:!ç!Ó¢ö
ˆÓ˚yí˛ê˛y ˆÜ˛yÌyÎ˚⁄ÈÙÙÙÙÈ˛õyÜ≈˛ §yÜ≈˛yˆÏ§Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ•z– üˆÏö ˛õí˛¸°ñ 1932
§yˆÏ° Ü˛ÇˆÏ@ˇÃˆÏ§Ó˚ ˆÎ x!ôˆÏÓ¢ö •Î˚ñ ï˛yˆÏï˛ ˆöï˛y!ç §%û˛y£Ïã˛w Ó§%
!åȈϰö !çÄ!§ñ §û˛y˛õ!ï˛ ˛õ![˛ï˛ ü!ï˛°y° ˆö•Ó˚&– ÄáyˆÏö ˆÓ¢ Óí˛¸
~ܲê˛y ≤Ãò¢≈ö# •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°ñ ˆ§•z flø,!ï˛ˆÏï˛•z Ä•z öyüܲÓ˚î–
ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§ ˆà° ˛õyÜ≈˛ §yÜ≈˛y§– !ÓK˛y˛õˆÏö !ÓK˛y˛õˆÏö
åÈÎ˚°y˛õ– !§ˆÏöüyñ !ê˛!û˛ñ Îyeyñ x°ÇܲyÓ˚ñ ˆüyÓy•z°ñ üƒyˆÏ°!Ó˚Î˚yÓ˚
≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏ£Ïôܲ §Ó !üˆÏ°!üˆÏ¢ ~ܲyܲyÓ˚–ÈÙÙÙÙÈxyâyï˛ñ §Çâyï˛ñ ˆe´yôñ ˆ≤Ãü
≤Ã!ï˛K˛yñ !§Öò%ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó¶˛öñ ö•ÓÍñ ◊#üï˛# û˛Î˚B˛Ó˚#ñ BATA xÌ≈yÍ ç%ˆÏï˛yñ
Ó˚§üÎ˚#Ó˚ Ó˚!§Ü˛ï˛y– ~=ˆÏ°y ˛õÓ˚˛õÓ˚ §yçyˆÏ° ~Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ üyˆÏö •Î˚
öyñ xyÓyÓ˚ •Î˚ï˛ xÌ≈Ó•– ~ï˛ û˛D ÓDˆÏò¢ ï˛Ó% Ó˚ˆÏD û˛Ó˚y– §yüˆÏö
ˆÓ!Ó˚Î˚y° @ˇÃyí˛zu˛– ü•yܲ!Ó üy•zˆÏܲ° üô%§)òˆÏöÓ˚˛ §üy!ôfli°– òÑyí˛¸yÄ
˛õ!ÌܲÓÓ˚ñ çß√ Î!ò ï˛Ó ÓˆÏDñ !ï˛¤˛ «˛îܲy°– ܲ!ÓˆÏܲ ò)Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ•z
◊k˛y çyöy•z– xyö® §ÇÓyòÈÙÙÙÙÈ!ç!öˆÏ§Ó˚ òyü Ó,!k˛ñ áÓˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyàˆÏç
ü@¿ ~ܲ ˛õyë˛Ü˛–
Ü˛ï˛«˛î ê˛∆yüê˛y òÑy!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏåÈ ˆáÎ˚y° •Î˚!öÈÙÙÙÙÈoÓƒü)°ƒ Ó,!k˛Ó˚
≤Ã!ï˛ÓyˆÏò !ü!åÈ° xyÓ˚ !ü!åÈ°– xyçˆÏܲÓ˚ üï˛ Îyey öy!hflÏ– ˛õˆÏÌ ~ÓyÓ˚
öyˆÏüy §yÌ#ñ ˛õˆÏÌ•z •ˆÏÓ ˛õÌ ˆã˛öy– e´ü¢ !ü!åÈ° ~!àˆÏÎ˚ xy§ˆÏåÈ ÙÙÙÙÈ
~áö xyÓ˚ ˆò!Ó˚ öÎ˚ñ •yˆÏï˛ •yï˛ ôˆÏÓ˚y ˆày– ê˛∆yü ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆöˆÏü !ܲå%È«˛î
˛õˆÏÓ˚•z ˆò!áñ Úxyôáyöy ãÑ˛yò xyê˛ˆÏܲ xyˆÏåÈñ •zˆÏ°Ü˛!ê˛∆ˆÏܲÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏÓ˚– xyÓ˚
!ܲå%È!òö ˛õˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ)!î≈üyÓ˚ ãÑ˛yò í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ– üˆÏö ˛õˆÏí˛¸ §%ܲyˆÏhsˇÓ˚ ˆ§•z !Óáƒyï˛
°y•zö=ˆÏ°yÈÙÙÙÙÈÚ«%˛ôyÓ˚ Ó˚yˆÏçƒ ˛õ,!ÌÓ# àòƒüÎ˚ñ ˛õ)!î≈üyÓ˚ ãÑ˛yò ˆÎö
鲰§yˆÏöy Ó˚&!ê˛Û– q

FORM – (IV)

1. Place of Publication : Information & Public Relations Deptt.

The Kolkata Municipal Corporation
1, Hogg Street, Hogg Buildings, Kolkata - 700 087
P. S. – New Market, West Bengal
2. Periodicity of its Publication : Monthly
3. Printers Name and Address : 1. Nabapress Private Limited, 66 Grey Street, Kol-6
2. Desktop Printers, 5/2, Garstin Place, Kol-1
4. Whether citizen of India : Yes, Indian
5. Publisher's Name : Arun Kumar Roy
I & PR Deptt, The K.M.C.
6. Address : 1, Hogg Street, Hogg Buildings, Kolkata - 700 087
P. S. – New Market, West Bengal
7. Editor's Name : Arun Kumar Roy
8. Name and address of : The Kolkata Municipal Corporation
individuals who own the 5, S. N. Banerjee Road
newspaper & partners or share Kolkata - 700 013
holder holding more than one
percent of total capital.

I, Arun Kumar Roy, hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the
best of my knowledge and belief.

Date : 20.03.2012 Signature of Publishers

32 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012

 ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ÓyˆÏçê˛ ≠ 2012ÈÙÈ13
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ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012 33

ˆ¢£Ï !òˆÏö ü•yöyà!Ó˚ˆÏܲÓ˚ çÓy!Ó û˛y£ÏˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ÓyˆÏçê˛ à,•#ï˛ •Î˚–
ÄÎ˚yܲ xyí˛zê˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓö˚ !ÓˆÏÓy˚ ô# Óyü ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôò°– ~•z ÓyˆÏçê˛ xyˆÏ°yã˛öyÎ˚
xÇ¢ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò Ä ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ô ÎyшÏòÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ
!åȈϰö 13 ï˛y!Ó˚ˆÏá xÇ¢@ˇÃ•îܲyÓ˚# Ó_´y !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ò#˛õB˛Ó˚ ˆòñ xï˛#ö
ˆây£Ïñ Ó˚yç#Ó !ÓŸªy§ñ ≤Ãܲy¢ í˛z˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ üô%åÈ®y ˆòÓñ fl∫˛õö §üyjyÓ˚ñ
§%üö !§Çñ !Ó°!ܲ§ ˆÓàüñ ˛õyÓ˚!üï˛y ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈ñ é%˛üy òy§ñ ï˛yÓ˚ܲ !§Çñ
ˆüÔ§%ü# ˆây£Ïñ í˛y. ¢yhsˇö% ˆ§öñ ü•É ç!§ü%!jöñ §%¢yhsˇ ˆây£Ïñ !ÓçÎ˚
Äé˛yñ ˛õyÌ≈ Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%!Ó˚ñ ã˛®öy ˆây£Ïò!hflÏòyÓ˚ñ ï˛yÓ˚ˆÏܲŸªÓ˚ ã˛e´Óï˛#≈– 14
ï˛y!Ó˚ˆÏáÓ˚ ˛õÎ≈yˆÏ°yã˛öyÎ˚ ˆÎyà ˆòö ã˛Î˚ö û˛Ryã˛yÎ≈ñ í˛y. ¢¢# ˛õÑyçyñ
xü° !üeñ ˆày˛õy° Ó˚yÎ˚ñ §ˆÏhsˇy£Ï ˛õyë˛Ü˛ñ §%¢#° ¢ü≈yñ ˆòÓy¢#£Ï
Ü%˛üyÓ˚ñ ò#˛õ% òy§ñ ò%à≈y≤çyò ü%áy!ç≈ñ xçÎ˚ §y•yñ §!M˛Èï˛y ü[˛°ñ !Ó˚B%˛
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ÓÓ˚yˆÏjÓ˚ ܲyÓ˚î Ä ˆÎÔ!_´Ü˛ï˛y !ӈϟ’£Ïî ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– !ï˛!ö çyˆÏööñ Ó!hflÏ
í˛zߨÎ˚ö xÓƒy•ï˛ ÌyܲˆÏÓñ àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ !Ó!û˛ß¨ fliyˆÏö à,•≤Ãܲ“– !ï˛!ö
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!Ó!û˛ß¨ §yüy!çܲ xö%¤˛yö Ä í˛zÍ§Ó ˛õˆÏÓ≈ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚
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àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zë˛ˆÏÓ öï%˛ö ç°≤Ãܲ“ Ä ç°yôyÓ˚– §Çáƒy°â% í˛zߨÎ˚ö =Ó˚&c
˛õyˆÏÓ–
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ç° §Ó˚ÓÓ˚y•ñ Ó˚yhflÏyñ Ó!hflÏñ !öܲy!¢ñ xyˆÏ°yܲyÎ˚öñ ܲ!ë˛ö Óç≈ƒ
ÓƒÓfliy˛õöy ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ !Óû˛yà=!°Ó˚ í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü öyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zߨï˛
üyˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ≤Ãòyö åÈyí˛¸yÄ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛y ü•yöàÓ˚#Ó˚ ˆ§Ô®Î≈yÎ˚öñ
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í˛zˆÏòƒyà ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !Ó!û˛ß¨ fliyˆÏö •zÈÙÈàû˛ö≈ƒy™ ≤ÃܲˆÏ“Ó˚ ÓyhflÏÓyÎ˚ö
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~ åÈyí˛¸y 2003ÈÙÈ2004 §y° ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆ°yܲy° xƒyܲyí˛zrê˛§ÈÙÈ~Ó˚
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ˆÎ ¢#â •z ï˛yÓ˚ x!í˛ê˛ !Ó˚ˆÏ˛õ≈yê˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ– •zö!fiê˛!ê˛í˛zê˛ xÓ ã˛yê≈˛yí≈˛
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~•z ÓåÈÓ˚ •z!O!öÎ˚y!Ó˚Ç !Óû˛yˆÏà •z xyÓ˚ !˛õ ˛õk˛!ï˛ ã˛y°% ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÓ
~ÓÇ xÌ≈ Ä !•§yÓ !Óû˛yˆÏà ≤ÃÌyàï˛ !•§yÓ ˛õk˛!ï˛Ó˚ §ˆÏD §üyhsˇÓ˚y°
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34
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xy¢y ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ 2012ÈÙÈ13 §yˆÏ° ~•z áyˆÏï˛ 110 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy
xyòyÎ˚ ܲÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ–
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~!ê˛ ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ xÌ≈ӈϣÏ≈ ≤ÃÓï≈˛ö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ≤ÈÏã˛‹Ty ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– ˛õy¢y˛õy!¢
ĈÏÎ˚û˛yÓ˚ !flÒˆÏüÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü öyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ ÓˆÏܲÎ˚y ܲÓ˚ !ü!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚
§%ˆÏÎyà ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
°y•zˆÏ§™ ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe öyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ !öÓ˚y˛õ_yˆÏܲ ≤Ãyôyöƒ !òˆÏÎ˚
òüܲ° !Óû˛yˆÏàÓ˚ åÈyí˛¸˛õe !ӈϢ£Ï ˆçyÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– 2011ÈÙÈ12
§yˆÏ° 40000ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˆÓ!¢ öï%˛ö §y!ê≈˛!ú˛ˆÏÜ˛ê˛ xÓ ~ö!°fiê˛ˆÏürê˛ üO%Ó˚
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
˙!ï˛•ƒü![˛ï˛ û˛Óöñ í˛zòƒyö Ä ç°y¢ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ §yüˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ•y!í≈˛Ç
§Ó˚yˆÏöyÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚ ˛õòˆÏ«˛ˆÏ˛õÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü ¢•Ó˚ˆÏܲ ò,¢ƒò)£Ïî ü%_´ ܲˆÏÓ˚
ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ ˆã˛‹Ty xÓƒy•ï˛–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%!°ˆÏ¢Ó˚ §•ˆÏÎy!àï˛yÎ˚ ˛õy!Ü≈˛Ç xM˛ÈˆÏ°Ó˚ §%£Ïü Ó^ˇê˛ö
§ˆÏ_¥Ä ˆÜ˛yöÄ ˆÜ˛yöÄ fliyˆÏö âê˛y x˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛û˛yˆÏÓ ˛õy!Ü≈˛Ç !ú˛ xyòyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
xöƒyÎ˚ ≤ÃÌy Ó˚ò ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ܲˆÏë˛yÓ˚ ˛õòˆÏ«˛˛õ ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÓ– xyàyü#
xÌ≈ӈϣÏ≈ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ü≈˛Ç xM˛ÈˆÏ°Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚§Ó˚ x!ôܲï˛Ó˚ !Óhfl,Ïï˛ •ˆÏÓ–
!Ó!”˛Ç S!öü≈yîV !Óû˛yˆÏà !Ó!”˛Ç öܲ¢y xö%ˆÏüyòö ≤Ã!e´Î˚y
§Ó˚°#ܲÓ˚î ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z !Óû˛yˆÏà xö°y•zö §%!Óôy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
2011ÈÙÈ12 §yˆÏ° ≤ÃyÎ˚ 3000 öï%˛ö !öü≈yîܲyˆÏÎ≈Ó˚ öܲ¢y xö%ˆÏüy!òï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Óí˛¸ ≤ÃܲˆÏ“ ú˛yÎ˚yÓ˚ !Üœ˛Î˚yˆÏÓ˚™ñ üy•zˆÏe´yĈÏÎ˚û˛ !Üœ˛Î˚yˆÏÓ˚™ñ ò)£Ïî
!öÎ˚sfî §Çe´yhsˇ åÈyí˛¸˛õe ~ÓÇ ê˛∆y!ú˛Ü˛ !Üœ˛Î˚yˆÏÓ˚™ ˆöÄÎ˚y Óyôƒï˛yü)°Ü˛
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Óï≈˛üyö xÌ≈ӈϣÏ≈ x˜ÏÓô !öü≈yˆÏüÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyˆÏÓ˚ 804!ê˛
!ÓK˛!Æ çy!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ÎyÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ 68!ê˛ §¡õ)î≈ û˛yäyÓ˚ ~ÓÇ 22!ê˛
xyÇ!¢Ü˛ û˛yäyÓ˚ !öˆÏò≈¢ ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– 2011ÈÙÈ12 §yˆÏ° 137.80
ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy xyòyÎ˚ ܲÓ˚y ÎyˆÏÓ ÓˆÏ° xy¢y ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏFåÈ– xö%üyö ܲÓ˚y
•ˆÏFåÈ xyàyü# xÌ≈ӈϣÏ≈ ~•z !Óû˛yˆÏà 149.10 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy xyÎ˚ •ˆÏÓ–
˛õyö#Î˚ ç° §Ó˚ÓÓ˚y• Ó,!k˛Ó˚ çöƒ 2011ÈÙÈ12 §yˆÏ° ≤ÃyÎ˚ 57
!ܲ!ü 4 •z!M˛È ˛õy•z˛õ°y•zö ~ÓÇ xyö%üy!öܲ 21 !ܲ!ü 6 •z!M˛È
˛õy•z˛õ°y•zö ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ö ~ÓÇ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 6 !ܲ!ü 4 •z!M˛È öï%˛ö ˛õy•z˛õ°y•zö
xyö%üy!öܲ 3 !ܲ!ü 6 •z!M˛È öï%˛ö ˛õy•z˛õ°y•zö Ó§yˆÏöy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– û˛D%Ó˚
§y!û≈˛§ ˆüܲ=!°Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏö í˛zˆÏòƒyà ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– 2011 §yˆÏ°Ó˚
ç%°y•z üy§ ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÜ˛~üí˛!Óœí˛z~§~ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ àyˆÏí≈˛ö!Ó˚ã˛
ÄÎ˚yê˛yÓ˚ ÄÎ˚yÜ≈˛§ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ÄÎ˚yê˛yÓ˚ !ê˛∆ê˛ˆÏürê˛ ≤’ƒyrê˛!ê˛Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°öyÓ˚ òy!Î˚c
ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !Ó!û˛ß¨ ÷Ó˚& •ÄÎ˚yñ ≤ÃhflÏy!Óï˛ ~ÓÇ §üyÆ ç°
≤ÃܲˆÏ“Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ 129 ö¡∫Ó˚ ÄÎ˚yˆÏí≈˛ ˆ§ö˛õ!Õ‘ˆÏï˛ Ó%fiê˛yÓ˚ ˛õy!¡õÇ
ˆfiê˛¢öñ ˆã˛ï˛°y Ó%fiê˛yÓ˚ ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢öñ ˛õ°ï˛y ˆÌˆÏܲ ê˛y°y ˛õÎ≈hsˇ
64 •z!M˛È ˆí˛!í˛ˆÏܲˆÏê˛í˛ ê˛∆y™!ü¢ö ˆüö Ó§yˆÏöyÓ˚ ܲyçñ ôy˛õyÎ˚ 30
~ü!ç!í˛ «˛üï˛y§¡õߨ ÄÎ˚yê˛yÓ˚ !ê˛∆ê˛ˆÏürê˛ ≤’ƒyrê˛ñ ÓyàÓyçyˆÏÓ˚ üyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
âyˆÏê˛Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆç!ê˛ Ä ˛õy¡õ•yí˛z§ !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ ܲyçñ Ó˚yçy §%ˆÏÓyô ü!Õ‘Ü˛
ˆflÒyÎ˚yÓ˚ Ó%fiê˛yÓ˚ ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢ˆÏö 2!ê˛ 400 !ܲˆÏ°yÄÎ˚yˆÏê˛Ó˚ !ÓˆÏò!¢
ˆüyê˛Ó˚ ~ÓÇ ò%!ê˛ 0.5 ~ü!ç~•zã˛ ˛õy¡õñ ê˛y°y ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢ˆÏö 1!ê˛
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
680 !ܲˆÏ°yÄÎ˚yˆÏê˛Ó˚ !ÓˆÏò!¢ ˆüyê˛Ó˚ Ä 1!ê˛ 1 ~ü!ç~•zã˛ ˛õy¡õñ
àyˆÏí≈˛ö!Ó˚ˆÏã˛ 15 ~ü!ç!í˛ «˛üï˛y§¡õߨ ÄÎ˚yê˛yÓ˚ !ê˛∆ê˛ˆÏürê˛ ≤’ƒyrê˛ Ä
ˆüÓ˚yü!ï˛ñ öÓ#ܲÓ˚îñ ˛õ%Ó˚ˆÏöy ˆç!ê˛ §ÇflÒyÓ˚ ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ñ ˛õ°ï˛yÎ˚ 18
~ü!ç!í˛ «˛üï˛y§¡õߨ o&ï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ¢yôöܲyÓ˚# ˆÓˆÏí˛Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛fliy˛õöñ ˆfl‘y
xƒyu˛ !ú˛Œê˛yÓ˚ ˆÓˆÏí˛Ó˚ ú˛y•zöƒy° ˆ§ê˛!°Ç ê˛ƒyˆÏB˛Ó˚ ˛õ!° ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚
≤Ãû,˛!ï˛– ~•z !Óû˛yˆÏà 281.30 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy ÓÓ˚yˆÏjÓ˚ ≤ÃhflÏyÓ Ü˛Ó˚y
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó‡ Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ üƒy!fiê˛Ü˛ xƒy§ú˛Œê˛ ˛õyï˛yÓ˚ ܲyç ã˛°ˆÏåÈ–
Ó‡ Ó˚yhflÏyÓ˚ í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyç ˆ¢£Ï •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Óy •ˆÏï˛ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ– !ܲå%È
§í˛¸ˆÏܲÓ˚ í˛zߨÎ˚ö Ä ≤â!hflÏܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆã˛ÔÓyày ˆÓ˚yˆÏí˛Ó˚
àë˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyç ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– !ÓôyööàÓ˚ ˆÓ˚° ˆfiê˛¢ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ !öí˛z ܲyê˛
ܲƒyöyˆÏ°Ó˚ ò!«˛î !òˆÏܲ xyu˛yÓ˚˛õyˆÏ§Ó˚ ܲyç ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– !¢Î˚y°ò•
í˛zí˛¸y°˛õ%ˆÏ°Ó˚ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü!òˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÓ˚!°Ç=!°Ó˚ §ÇflÒyˆÏÓ˚ ܲyÎ≈ܲÓ˚ û)˛!üܲy
ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xyàyü# ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ˛õ)Ó≈ !òˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÓ˚!°Ç=!°Ó˚ §ÇflÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z !Óû˛yˆÏà 199.50 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy ÓƒˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ≤ÃhflÏyÓ
Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
xyˆÏ°yܲyÎ˚ö áyˆÏï˛ 82.25 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy ÓÓ˚yˆÏjÓ˚ ≤ÃhflÏyÓ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
~ åÈyí˛¸y !Óò%ƒÍ ÓƒÎ˚ !•§yˆÏÓ 200 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy ÓÓ˚yj ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
xyˆÏ°yܲyÎ˚ˆÏö !Ó!û˛ß¨ í˛zˆÏòƒyà ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢Óy¶˛Ó xyˆÏ°yÓ˚
§ˆÏD ˆ§Ô®Î≈yÎ˚ˆÏö °yàyˆÏöy •ˆÏFåÈ öÎ˚öy!û˛Ó˚yü xyˆÏ°y– !e¢#£Ï≈
xyˆÏ°yܲhflψÏΩ˛ !§~ú˛~° §•ˆÏÎyˆÏà öàÓ˚ÈÙȈ§Ô®Î≈yÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ܲy°#âyê˛ ü!®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §yüˆÏöÓ˚ ≤ÃyDî!ê˛ ~°•z!í˛ xyˆÏ°y
!òˆÏÎ˚ xyˆÏ°y!Ü˛ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ ˆ§ˆÏܲu˛ xhsˇÓ˚ ~=!°Ó˚ Ó˚ä
˛õ!Ó˚Ó!ï≈˛ï˛ •Î˚– xyˆÏ°yܲy!Î˚ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ !Ó!û˛ß¨ í˛zòƒyö– ˆ§y°yÓ˚ °y•zˆÏê˛Ó˚
§y•yˆÏ΃ ¢!_´ §ÇÓ˚«˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ≤ÃhflyÏ Ó !ÓˆÏÓ!ã˛ï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ– 273!ê˛ xyˆÏ°yܲhflˆÏ ΩÏ ˛
~°•z!í˛ xyˆÏ°y °yàyˆÏöyÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !Ó!û˛ß¨ í˛zͧˆÏÓ
§yü!Î˚ܲ xyˆÏ°yܲyÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyà ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Óyí˛¸!ï˛ §yü!Î˚ܲ
xyˆÏ°yܲyÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ !ӈϢ£Ï !ӈϢ£Ï !òˆÏöÓ˚ çˆÏöƒ– Ó˚yhflÏyÓ˚
§ÇˆÏÎyàfli° Ä !Ó§ç≈ˆÏöÓ˚ âyˆÏê˛ •z!ï˛˛õ)ˆÏÓ≈•z ӈϧˆÏåÈ ò¢!ê˛ §%í˛zFã˛
xyˆÏ°yܲhflÏΩ˛– ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚Ó˚ xyê˛!ê˛ Ÿ¬¢yö âyˆÏê˛Ó˚ !öÎ˚!üï˛ Ó˚«˛îyˆÏÓ«˛îñ
ÓyÎ˚%ò)£Ïî !öÎ˚sfî åÈyí˛¸yÄ à!í˛¸Î˚y Ä Ü˛y¢#˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚ ˜Óò%ƒ!ï˛Ü˛ ã%˛!Õ‘Ó˚ ò%!ê˛
x!ï˛!Ó˚_´ ¢yáy !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ ܲyç §¡õ)î≈ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
˛õÎ˚É≤Ãîy°# Ä !öܲy!¢ áyˆÏï˛ 201.99 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy ÓÓ˚yˆÏjÓ˚
≤ÃhflÏyÓ Ü˛Ó˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆÜ˛•zxy•z!˛õ ≤ÃܲˆÏ“Ó˚ ≤ÃÌü òú˛yÓ˚ ܲyç ≤ÃyÎ˚
§¡õ)î≈ ~ÓÇ ˆç~ö~ö•zí˛zxyÓ˚~ü ≤ÃܲˆÏ“ üƒyö ~!rê˛∆ !Ӡܲ §%ƒÎ˚yÓ˚ ~ÓÇ
ööÈÙÈüƒyö ~!rê˛∆ !Ӡܲ §%ƒÎ˚yÓ˚ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyç xÓƒy•ï˛– !Ó!û˛ß¨
Ó˚yhflÏyÎ˚ !çxyÓ˚!˛õ °y•zöyÓ˚ §•ˆÏÎyˆÏà üƒyö ~!rê˛∆ !Ӡܲ §%ƒÎ˚yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyç
≤ÃyÎ˚ §üy!ÆÓ˚ ü%ˆÏá– ööÈÙÈüƒyö ~!rê˛∆ !Ӡܲ §%ƒÎ˚yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çöƒ §öyï˛ö ܲyê˛
xƒyu˛ ܲû˛yÓ˚ ˛õk˛!ï˛Ó˚ ÓòˆÏ° ÓƒÓ•*ï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ ˆê˛∆M˛ÈˆÏ°§ ˆê˛Ü˛ˆÏöy°!ç–
í˛zߨÎ˚öü)°Ü˛ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ xyÄï˛yÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ ˛õyüyÓ˚ÓyçyÓ˚ ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢öñ
ôy˛õy °Ü˛ ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢öñ Óy!°àO ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢öñ çàߨyÌ âyê˛
ˆí»˛ˆÏöç ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢ö ≤Ãû˛, !ï˛– í˛zßΨ ˆ˚ öÏ Ó˚ xyÄï˛yÎ˚ xy§ˆÏÓ Óí˛¸ÓyçyÓ˚ñ
35
ˆ˛õyhflyÏ ñ !ã˛Í˛õ%Ó˚ xM˛È°– §¡±!ï˛ x!ôà,•#ï˛ ò_Óyàyö ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢ˆÏöÓ˚
«˛üï˛yÓ,!k˛Ó˚ ܲyç §¡õ)î≈ ~ÓÇ ~!ê˛ Óï≈˛üyˆÏö §!e´Î˚– ç° çüyÓ˚
§ü§ƒy ˆÌˆÏܲ ü%!_´Ó˚ °ˆÏ«˛ƒ fiê˛ü≈ ÄÎ˚yê˛yÓ˚ ˆí»˛ˆÏöç °y•zö Ä ˜Óò%ƒ!ï˛Ü˛
˛õk˛!ï˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õy!¡õÇ ã˛y°% •ˆÏÎ˚ •z!ï˛Óyã˛Ü˛ ú˛° ≤Ãòyö ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆã˛ï˛°y
ˆÓyê˛ Ü˛ƒyˆÏö° ˆÌˆÏܲ ˛õ!° !ö‹Òy¢ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyç ˆ¢ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ü%ˆÏá– ê˛y!° öy°yÓ˚
ò)£ÏîˆÏÓ˚yˆÏôÓ˚ !Ó£ÏÎ˚!ê˛ §ú˛°û˛yˆÏÓ ˆ¢£Ï •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ã˛yí˛z°˛õ!R ˆÓ˚yˆÏí˛
§%ƒÎ˚yˆÏÓ˚ç ˛õy!¡õÇ ˆfiê˛¢ö !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ ܲyˆÏç •yï˛ ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
ˆÜ˛•zxy•z!˛õ ≤ÃܲˆÏ“ §yü!@ˇÃܲ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ≤ÃܲˆÏ“Ó˚ ܲyçܲˆÏü≈Ó˚
çöƒ ôyÎ≈ xˆÏÌ≈Ó˚ ˛õ!Ó˚üyî 1428 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy– ~áöÄ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ 1394
ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲyÓ˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ ÓÓ˚yï˛ ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈó !öܲy!¢ ï˛Ìy áy°
§ÇflÒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ˆÏD áy°˛õyí˛¸Óy§#ˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ%öÓ≈y§ˆÏöÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ)Ó≈ ˛õ%!ê˛Î˚y!Ó˚ñ
ܲ§Óyñ ˆöyöyí˛yäyñ ܲ°yày!åÈÎ˚y ~ÓÇ ¢¡õy!üç≈yöàˆÏÓ˚ 3365!ê˛ úœ˛ƒyê˛
~ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ~ÓÇ ˆ§áyˆÏö 2879!ê˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ˆÏܲ ˛õ%öÓ≈y§ö
ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Óy!ܲ 486!ê˛ úœ˛ƒyê˛ Ó^ˇê˛ö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö#Î˚
ÓƒÓfliy ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ ˛õÎ≈yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ çöƒ ~!í˛!Ó
≤ÃyÌ!üܲû˛yˆÏÓ 90 !ü!°Î˚ö í˛°yÓ˚ }îòyˆÏö §¡øï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
ܲ!ë˛ö Óç≈ƒ ÓƒÓfliy˛õöy !Óû˛yˆÏà ÓÓ˚yj 393.44 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy–
ĈÏÎ˚fiê˛ ˆÓD° xyÓ˚Óyö ~ü≤’Î˚ˆÏürê˛ !flÒü xö%§Ó˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚ ¢•Ó˚ˆÏܲ
xyÓ˚Ä ˛õ!Ó˚‹ÒyÓ˚ Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛ ÄÎ˚yˆÏí≈˛ àˆÏí˛¸ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 40 çö Î%ÓܲˆÏܲ
!öˆÏÎ˚yà ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !Óàï˛ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ 20!ê˛ !ê˛˛õyÓ˚ ê˛∆yܲ !öÎ%_´ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°
~ÓÇ xyàyü# ÓåȈÏÓ˚ xyÓ˚Ä !ܲå%È ~•z ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ xyÓÓ˚îÈÙȧ• !ê˛˛õyÓ˚ ê˛∆yܲ
!öÎ%_´ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xyÓ˚Ä ò%!ê˛ Ó%°ˆÏí˛yçyÓ˚ !öÎ%_´ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy xyˆÏåÈ– á!ï˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòáy •ˆÏFåÈ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ Óy!î!çƒÜ˛ ˆÜ˛ˆÏw
ܲü˛õƒyQÓ˚ ˆfiê˛¢ö ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ §Ω˛yÓöy– û˛yÓy •ˆÏFåÈ 15!ê˛ ˆüyÓy•z°
ܲü˛õƒyQÓ˚ Ó§yˆÏöyÓ˚ ܲÌy– ≤ÃÎ˚y§ ã˛°ˆÏåÈ 5!ê˛ ˆ˛õyˆÏê≈˛Ó° ܲü˛õƒyQÓ˚
Ó§yˆÏöyÓ˚– ôy˛õy í˛y!¡õÇ ≤Ãyí˛zˆÏu˛Ó˚ í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏö 4!ê˛ 30ê˛ö «˛üï˛y§¡õߨ
ܲ!¡õí˛zê˛yÓ˚y•zçí˛ ÄˆÏÎ˚ !Ó ç Ó§yˆÏöy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ÓƒÓ•*ï˛ •ˆÏFåÈ ê˛∆y¢ !Óöñ
xyô%!öܲ Ä ˜ÓK˛y!öܲ •ƒyu˛Ü˛yê≈˛ñ ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛ !Óö– §ÇflÒyÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ
63!ê˛ û˛ƒyˆÏê˛Ó˚– ôy˛õyÎ˚ ܲ!ë˛ö Óç≈ƒ !öˆÏ«˛ˆÏ˛õÓ˚ §%!ÓôyˆÏÌ≈ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓòö
~ÓÇ 200 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲyÓ˚ ≤Ãܲ“ ~ö!çxyÓ˚!ÓÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆ˛õ¢ ܲÓ˚y
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ܲyç ã˛°ˆÏåÈ xyÓ˚Ä !Ó!û˛ß¨ ≤ÃܲˆÏ“Ó˚–
˛õyÜ≈˛ Ä ˆflÒyÎ˚ƒyÓ˚ !Óû˛yˆÏà ¢•Ó˚ˆÏܲ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ §Ó%çüÎ˚–
2011ÈÙÈ12 §yˆÏ° §yÓ˚y ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 5000!ê˛ ã˛yÓ˚yàyåÈ °yàyˆÏöy
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ xÌ≈ӈϣÏ≈ ~•z §Çáƒy 1 °«˛ ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ °«˛ƒ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
öï%˛ö ˛õyÜ≈˛ !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ ܲyçÄ ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È ˛õyˆÏÜ≈˛ í˛zߨÎ˚ö Ä
§ÇflÒyÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Ó˚Ó#wöyÌ Ä ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ û˛yÓöy §ÇÓ!°ï˛ Îï˛#ö ˜üe
˛õyÜ≈˛!ê˛Ó˚ í˛zˆÏmyôö •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈñ ˛õî≈◊# ˆ°ˆÏܲ ӈϧˆÏåÈ §Çà#ï˛ü%áÓ˚ ˆú˛yÎ˚yÓ˚y–
ˆò¢Ó¶%˛ ˛õyˆÏÜ≈˛ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ üyˆÏöÓ˚ §%•z!üÇ ˛õ%° !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ ܲyç ã˛°ˆÏåÈ–
~•z !Óû˛yˆÏà ÓÓ˚yj 31.09 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy–
ˆüÓ˚yü!ï˛ Ä §ÇflÒyˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ üôƒ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ÓyçyÓ˚=!°Ó˚ üyˆÏöyߨΈ˚ öÏ Ó˚
ܲyç ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– ˆÎ§Ó ÓyçyˆÏÓ˚ ˛õ%öÓ≈y§öñ öï%˛öû˛yˆÏÓ !°ç xÌÓy
öÓ#ܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ xyˆÏåÈ Ü˛ˆÏ°ç !flT…ê˛ ÓyçyÓ˚ñ
°ƒy™í˛yí˛zö ÓyçyÓ˚ñ ˛õyÜ≈˛ §yÜ≈˛y§ ÓyçyÓ˚– ˆ°Ü˛ ü° ≤Ãܲ“ ≤ÃyÎ˚
§üy!ÆÓ˚ ü%ˆÏá– •à üyˆÏÜ≈˛ˆÏê˛Ó˚ ˛õ)î≈ §ÇflÒyÓ˚ Ä ◊#Ó,!k˛ §yôˆÏö
•z!ï˛üˆÏôƒ•z í˛z˛õÎ%_´ ÓƒÓfliy ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
36
˙!ï˛•ƒ §¡õ!Ü≈˛ï˛ Óƒy˛õyˆÏÓ˚ ˆç~ö~ö•zí˛zxyÓ˚~üÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xô#ˆÏö
í˛y°ˆÏ•Ô!§ ˆflÒyÎ˚ƒyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õ%öö≈Ó#ܲÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà 20.62 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲyÓ˚
~ܲ!ê˛ ≤Ãܲ“ ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ≤ÃÌü òú˛yÓ˚ ܲyç ≤ÃyÎ˚ §¡õ)î≈ñ °y°!ò!â
Ä ï˛yÓ˚ ã˛yÓ˚˛õyˆÏ¢ xyˆÏ°yܲyÎ˚ö Ä ˆ§Ô®Î≈yÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy ˆöÄÎ˚y
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– §ÇÓ˚«˛îñ xyˆÏ°yܲyÎ˚ö •zï˛ƒy!ò ÓƒÓfliyÓ˚ xyÄï˛yÎ˚ xy§ˆÏåÈ
ܲy¢#˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚ Óyüöòy§ ü%áy!ç≈ ≤ÈÏÓ¢˛õÌñ û)˛˜Ïܲ°y§ Ó˚yçÓy!í˛¸ Ä §Ç°@¿
ç°y¢Î˚ñ ˆú˛í˛yˆÏÓ˚¢ö •° •zï˛ƒy!ò–
ˆ§Ô®Î≈yÎ˚ˆÏö Ó˚yhflÏyñ ˛õÌ !Óû˛y!çܲy Ä xöƒyöƒ öy®!öܲ ò,¢ƒÓô≈ˆÏö
!Ó!û˛ß¨ ܲü≈ܲyˆÏ[˛Ó˚ çöƒ ÓÓ˚yj 15 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy–
!Ó!û˛ß¨ ÄÎ˚yˆÏí≈˛ ç°y¢Î˚ §ÇÓ˚«˛î Ä ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyç
ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ §ˆÏã˛ï˛öï˛yÓ˚ ≤çyÓ˚ âê˛yˆÏöyÓ˚ çöƒ !°ú˛ˆÏ°ê˛ñ ~ú˛~ü
≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ï˛Ó˚Dñ ò)Ó˚ò¢≈ö ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚üyôƒˆÏüÓ˚ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
≤’y!fiê˛Ü˛ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚ !öÎ˚sfˆÏî xyöyÓ˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyà ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– öyöy
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ xyÓ˚Óyö ~ü≤’Î˚ˆÏürê˛ !flÒˆÏü–
fl∫yfliƒˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ÓÓ˚yj 110.67 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy– öyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚
≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏ£Ïôü)°Ü˛ Ä xyˆÏÓ˚yàƒü)°Ü˛ fl∫yfliƒ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓy ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õòˆÏ«˛˛õ
ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !Óàï˛ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ üƒyˆÏ°!Ó˚Î˚yñ ˆí˛D% !öÎ˚sfˆÏî í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ
§yú˛°ƒ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ˆàˆÏåÈ– !Óöyü)ˆ° Ï ƒ Ó˚_´˛õÓ˚#«˛y •ˆÏΈ˚ åÏ Èñ •ˆÏΈ˚ åÏ È !ã˛!ܲͧy–
Óyí˛¸!ï˛ fl∫yfliƒ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏ£ÏÓyÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ӈϧˆÏåÈ Óœyí˛ §%àyÓ˚ñ ˆ≤’ê˛ˆÏ°ê˛ §Çáƒyñ
Ó˚ˆÏ_´ !•ˆÏüyˆÏ@’y!ÓˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚üyî ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ !öî≈Î˚ ܲÓ˚y– ü¢yÓ˚ çß√•yÓ˚ •…y§
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ܲƒyˆÏö° !òˆÏÎ˚ !flõí˛ ˆÓyê˛˛ ã˛y°yˆÏöy åÈyí˛¸yÄ òyÑí˛¸ ê˛yöy
ˆöÔˆÏܲyÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ °yû≈˛yöy¢Ü˛ Ó˚y§yÎ˚!öܲ åÈí˛¸yˆÏöy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ 701!ê˛ !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚ åÈyeåÈye#ˆÏòÓ˚ ü¢yÓy!•ï˛ ˆÓ˚yˆÏàÓ˚
!ӣψÏÎ˚ §ˆÏã˛ï˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛y°yÓ˚ çöƒ 325000!ê˛ Ó˚!äö ˛õ%!§ï˛Ü˛y
!Óï˛Ó˚î ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ çö§ˆÏã˛ï˛öï˛y Ó,!k˛Ó˚ çöƒ !ê˛!û˛
ã˛ƒyˆÏöˆÏ°ñ ~ú˛~ü ≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ ï˛Ó˚ˆÏD Ä x!í˛Ä ~ÓÇ !û˛!í˛Ä !§!í˛Ó˚
üyôƒˆÏü– ~•z §Ó ≤ÈÏã˛‹Ty çyï˛#Î˚ hflψÏÓ˚ í˛zFã˛≤âÇ!§ï˛ Ä xööƒ
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– à!ë˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˛õï˛D !Ó£ÏÎ˚Ïܲ ˛õÓ˚#«˛yàyÓ˚ñ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ fliy!˛õï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ 5!ê˛ ˆí˛D% ¢öy_´Ü˛Ó˚î ˆÜ˛w– ˆ˛õy!°Ä !ê˛Ü˛yܲÓ˚î ܲü≈§)!ã˛ˆÏï˛
§yú˛°ƒ í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ– ˛õÌÜ%˛Ü%˛Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ç°yï˛B˛ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yôÈÙÈ!ê˛Ü˛y ˆòÄÎ˚y
÷Ó˚& •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– 2000ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ˆÓ!¢ ˛õÌÜ%˛Ü%˛Ó˚ˆÏܲ ~•z !ê˛Ü˛y •z!ï˛üˆÏôƒ
ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– xyˆÏåÈ Ü%˛Ü%˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çß√!öÎ˚sfîü)°Ü˛ xˆÏflfy˛õã˛yÓ˚– ÓƒÓfliy
ܲyÓ˚ •ˆÏFåÈ xyô%!öܲ °ƒy˛õyˆÏÓ˚yˆÏflÒy!˛õܲ ˛õk˛!ï˛Ó˚– xye´yhsˇ üyö%£ÏˆÏòÓ˚
!Óöyü%ˆÏ°ƒ ç°yï˛B˛ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÓ˚yô !ê˛Ü˛y ˆòÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~ˆÏï˛ ≤ÃyÎ˚ ~áöÄ
˛õÎ≈hsˇ 7500 çö í˛z˛õÜ,˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö– •z!ï˛üˆÏôƒ 4!ê˛ Ü%˛Ü%˛Ó˚ ôÓ˚yÓ˚
!ӈϢ£Ï ày!í˛¸ e´Î˚ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Î-y !öÓyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ çöƒ 159!ê˛ ˆÜ˛w
ˆÌˆÏܲ í˛ê˛ ˛õk˛!ï˛ˆÏï˛ !ã˛!ܲͧy ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– ܲú˛ ˛õÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚ çöƒ xyˆÏåÈ 55!ê˛
ˆÜ˛w–
!¢«˛yˆÏ«˛ˆÏe ÓÓ˚yj 29.32 ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ê˛yܲy– 157!ê˛ ÓyÇ°yñ 54!ê˛
í˛zò%≈ñ 49!ê˛ !•!®ñ 3!ê˛ •zÇÓ˚y!ç ~ÓÇ 1!ê˛ Ä!í˛¸Î˚y üyôƒˆÏüÓ˚ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚
≤ÃyÌ!üܲ !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ üyôƒˆÏü !¢«˛y !ÓhflÏyÓ˚ Ä üyˆÏöyߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ ܲyç
ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– fl%Ò°ÈÙÈå%ȈÏê˛Ó˚ •yÓ˚ ܲˆÏüˆÏåÈ– Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ !üí˛ÈÙÈˆí˛ !üˆÏ°Ó˚ ÓƒÓfliy–
ܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛ !ܲˆÏã˛ö ¢#â •z ã˛y°% •ˆÏÓ– !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚ xyô%!öܲ ˆ¢Ôã˛yàyÓ˚ñ
˛õyö#Î˚ ç° §Ó˚ÓÓ˚y•ñ @ˇÃsiyàyÓ˚ ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛Ó˚ ӈϮyÓhflÏ Ü˛Ó˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
åÈyeåÈye#ˆÏòÓ˚ §y!ü° ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÎy!àï˛yÎ˚– !öˆÏÎ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚y
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
•ˆÏΈ˚ åÏ È !¢«˛yü)°Ü˛ ºüˆÏî– !¢«˛Ü˛ÈÙÈ!¢!«˛Ü˛yˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏrê˛§!Ó˚ !¢«˛y ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~ åÈyí˛¸y !¢«˛Ü˛ÈÙÈ!¢!«˛Ü˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ xyˆÏåÈ
!öÎ˚!üï˛ !¢«˛ˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö Ä Ü˛ü≈¢y°y– åÈyeåÈye#ˆÏòÓ˚ !Óöyü)ˆÏ°ƒ
Óƒyàñ ˆ˛õy¢yܲñ ˆöyê˛Ó%ܲñ ˆ˛õö!§°ñ •zˆÏÓ˚çyÓ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y •Î˚– §)ã˛öy
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Ü˛!¡õí˛zê˛yÓ˚ã˛y!°ï˛ !e´Î˚yܲ°y˛õ!û˛!_ܲ !¢«˛î ˛õk˛!ï˛Ó˚– ô#ˆÏÓ˚
ô#ˆÏÓ˚ x‹Tü ˆ◊!î ˛õÎ≈hsˇ !Óöyü)ˆÏ°ƒ !¢«˛yòyˆÏöÓ˚ §)ã˛öy ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ≤ÈÏï˛ƒÜ˛ ˛õí˛YÎ˚yˆÏܲ ˛õyë˛ƒÓ•z Ä xyö%£Ï!Dܲ §Ó˚Oyü
!Óöyü)ˆÏ°ƒ ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˆÎÈÙÈ§Ó !Óòƒy°Î˚û˛Óö û˛yí˛¸yÎ˚
ˆöÄÎ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ˆ§=ˆÏ°y üy!°Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ܲyåÈ ˆÌˆÏܲ !ܲˆÏö ˆöÄÎ˚yÓ˚
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
§yüy!çܲ ˆ«˛ˆÏe x@ˇÃà!ï˛ xÓƒy•ï˛– ˆöÓyÓ˚‡í˛ ܲ!ü!ê˛ x!ú˛§
xƒy!§fiê˛ƒyrê˛ Ä !Ó˚û˛°!û˛Ç ú˛yˆÏu˛Ó˚ ê˛yܲy !öÎ˚!üï˛ ˛õyˆÏFåÈ– 12280
çö Ó,!_ü)°Ü˛ ≤Ã!¢«˛î ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ~ÓÇ 1700 çö ≤Ãy˛õܲˆÏܲ ≤Ã!¢«˛î
ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ܲÌy ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– §!ü!ï˛ Ä ˆày¤˛#=!°ˆÏܲ ≤Ã!¢«˛î åÈyí˛¸yÄ ˆòÄÎ˚y
•ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ ê%˛° !Ü˛ê˛§– ~ÑÓ˚y ˆü°yÎ˚ xÇ¢@ˇÃ•î ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– 243!ê˛
!öˆÏÎ˚yçö !Ó£ÏÎ˚ܲ ≤Ã!¢«˛ˆÏîÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliy !Óàï˛ ÓåȈÏÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– §%í˛yÓ˚
§•ˆÏÎy!àï˛yÎ˚ 2000!ê˛ ≤Ã!¢«˛îòyˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“öy Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~öÄ!˛õ~§
!flÒˆÏü 22204 çö ˆ˛õö¢öˆÏû˛yà#Ó˚ !öÓ≈¶˛Ü˛Ó˚î •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !Ó!û˛ß¨ !flÒˆÏü
ˆüyê˛ 8958!ê˛ öï%˛ö òÓ˚áyhflÏ xhsˇû%≈˛_´ •ˆÏï˛ ã˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ– öyÓ˚# Ä !¢÷
!ü!°ˆÏÎ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 1 °ˆÏ«˛Ó˚ ˆÓ!¢ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ öï%˛ö Óflf !Óï˛Ó˚î ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ–
òy!Ó˚oƒ§#üyÓ˚ ö#ˆÏã˛ Ó§Óy§Ü˛yÓ˚# öyà!Ó˚ܲˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ §y!Ó≈ܲ fl∫yfliƒ !Óüy
≤Ãܲ“!ê˛Ó˚ öÓ#ܲÓ˚î •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ~•z ≤ÃܲˆÏ“ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 60000 ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚ !Óüy
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ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆáˆÏ°ö– ò%ÛÓyÓ˚•z !ï˛!ö x!ôöyÎ˚ܲ– 1951 §yˆÏ°
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!≤ÃÎ˚˛õye# !åȈϰö üyÎ˚yˆÏòÓ#– ~ܲê%˛ Óí˛¸ •ˆÏï˛•z !ï˛!ö û˛!ï≈˛ •ö
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˛õí˛¸yˆÏ¢yöy ÷Ó˚& ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ˆ§áyˆÏö•z– §Çà#ˆÏï˛ fl¨yï˛Ü˛ •ö– §Çà#ˆÏï˛
Ó˚Ó#w§Çà#ˆÏï˛Ó˚ !Ó!¢‹T !¢«˛Ü˛ ˜¢°çyÓ˚Oö üç%üòyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ÇflõˆÏ¢≈
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!¢«˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ö í˛zhflÏyò xy!üö%%!jö í˛yàˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ– ˆ§ï˛yÓ˚ xyÓ˚
~flÀyçÈÙÙÙÙÈ~•z ò%!ê˛ ÓyòƒÎˆÏsf•z !ï˛!ö !åȈϰö ˛õyÓ˚ò¢≈#–
Ó˚Ó#wû˛yÓ˚ï˛#ˆÏï˛ §Çà#ï˛ !Óû˛yˆÏà xôƒy˛õöy ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö Ó•Ó%!òö–
ˆ§áyˆÏö åÈyí˛¸yÄ Óƒ!_´àï˛ û˛yˆÏÓ Ó‡ åÈyeåÈye#ˆÏܲ ï˛y!°ü !òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö
üyÎ˚y ˆ§ö– ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö Ó‡ =î# Ó˚Ó#w§Çà#ï˛ !¢“#ˆÏܲ– §¡±!ï˛
≤ÃÎ˚yï˛ Ó˚Ó#w§Çà#ï˛ !¢“# }ï%˛ =• !åȈϰö ïÑ˛yÓ˚•z åÈye#–
üyÎ˚y ˆ§öˆÏܲ ~ܲçö !Ó!¢‹T Ó˚Ó#w§Çà#ï˛ !¢“# !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ˆï˛y
ÓˆÏê˛•zñ ~ܲçö !ö¤˛yÓï˛#ñ åÈyeåÈye#≤Ãyî §Çà#ï˛=Ó˚& Ó˚*ˆÏ˛õÄ üyö%£Ï
!ã˛Ó˚ܲy° üˆÏö Ó˚yáˆÏÓ–
§%û˛y£Ï ˆü°y
≤Ã!ï˛ ÓåȈÏÓ˚Ó˚ üï˛ ~ ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ä ÜÑ˛yÜ%˛í˛¸ày!åÈÓ˚ §%û˛y£Ï üÎ˚òyˆÏö •ˆÏÎ˚
ˆà° Ú˛õ)Ó≈ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y §%û˛y£Ï ˆü°yÈÙÙÙÙÈ2012Û– ~ ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆü°y 41
ÓåȈÏÓ˚ ˛õy !ò°– ˛õ)Ó≈ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y §%û˛y£Ï ˆü°y ܲ!ü!ê˛Ó˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà ~•z
xyˆÏÎ˚yçˆÏöÓ˚ ≤Ãôyö í˛zˆÏòƒy_´y !ÓôyÎ˚ܲ ˛õˆÏÓ˚¢ ˛õy°– ≤Ã!ï˛ ÓåÈÓ˚•z
ˆöï˛y!çÓ˚ çß√!òö!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ~•z ˆü°yÓ˚ §)ã˛öy •Î˚– ~ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ä ï˛yÓ˚ xöƒÌy
•Î˚!ö– ˆü°y ã˛ˆÏ° 23 çyö%Î˚y!Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ 22 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚– ~ ÓåÈÓ˚
40
ˆü°yÓ˚ í˛zˆÏmyôö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ü%áƒüsf# üüï˛y ӈϮy˛õyôƒyÎ˚– í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ ˆ¢yû˛ö ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈ñ §yǧò §%ò#˛õ ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚
~ÓÇ üsf# Ó˚!ÓÓ˚Oö ã˛ˆÏRy˛õyôƒyÎ˚–
ˆü°yÎ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 90!ê˛Ó˚ üï˛ fiê˛° !åÈ°– •hfl!Ï ¢“ñ Óflf Ä Ü%˛!ê˛Ó˚!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚
!Ó!Óô §yü@ˇÃ#Ó˚ fiê˛°=!°ˆÏï˛ ≤Ã!ï˛!òö•z ΈÏÌ‹T !û˛í˛¸ •Î˚ üyö%£ÏçˆÏöÓ˚–
~•z ˆü°yÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ !ӈϢ£Ï !òܲ •° üö#£Ï#ˆÏòÓ˚ ç#Óö Ä Ü˛ü≈ˆÏܲ fløÓ˚î
ܲÓ˚y– ~ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ä ˆ§•z ˛õÓ˚¡õÓ˚yˆÏܲ ˆüˆÏö ã˛ˆÏ° ˆü°y ܲ!ü!ê˛–
19 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ !òö!ê˛ˆÏï˛ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°
Óy°Ü˛ÈÙÈÓy!°Ü˛yˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ ӈϧ xÑyˆÏܲy ≤Ã!ï˛ˆÏÎy!àï˛y– ≤Ã!ï˛!òö !ÓˆÏܲ°
q 4ˆê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó˚yï˛ 9ê˛y ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ~ÓÇ å%È!ê˛Ó˚ !òö Ó˚yï˛ 10ê˛y ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ˆü°y
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Îyey í˛zͧÓ
˛õ!ÿ˛üÓD §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §•yÎ˚ï˛yÎ˚ Úܲ°Ü˛yï˛y Îyey í˛zͧÓÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚
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ÎyeyüˆÏM˛È– Îyey í˛zͧˆÏÓÓ˚ í˛zˆÏmyôö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ üsf# §%ò#˛õ
ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚– í˛zˆÏmyôˆÏö í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö !Ó!¢‹T §y!•!ï˛ƒÜ˛ ¢!_´˛õò
Ó˚yç=Ó˚&ñ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò í˛y. ¢¢# ˛õÑyçyÈÙȧ• Îyey!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ §ˆÏD Î%_´
!Ó!¢‹T üyö%£ÏçˆÏöÓ˚y– ~ ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛zÍ§Ó ã˛ˆÏ° 7 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ– ˆüyê˛
27!ê˛ Îyeyò° ~ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛zͧˆÏÓ xÇ¢ ˆöÎ˚– !Ó!û˛ß¨ ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ Îyey˛õy°y
!òˆÏÎ˚ ~ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛zÍ§Ó §yçyˆÏöy •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ï˛yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ ˆÎüö xyˆÏåÈ
ˆ˛õÔÓ˚y!îܲ ˛õy°yñ ˆï˛üö•z xyˆÏåÈ §yüy!çܲ ˛õy°y ~ÓÇ Ó˚yç˜Ïö!ï˛Ü˛ ˛õê˛
˛õ!Ó˚Óï≈˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚!fli!ï˛ !Óô,ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓ¢ !ܲå%È ÎyeyÓ˚*˛õ– xy!°˛õ%Ó˚
ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ §ÇˆÏ¢yôöyàyÓ˚ Ä xy!°˛õ%Ó˚ ü!•°y §ÇˆÏ¢yôöyàyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §ò§ƒˆÏòÓ˚
˚ myÓ˚y Ó˚*˛õy!Î˚ï˛ ÎyeyÄ üM˛Èfli •Î˚ ~ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Îyey í˛zͧˆÏÓ–
~ ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyˆÏÎ˚yçˆÏöÓ˚ ~ܲê˛y !ӈϢ£Ï !òܲ Îy öy í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°•z
öÎ˚ñ ï˛y •° Îyey xyܲyˆÏò!üÓ˚ ˛õ«˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ !ë˛Ü˛ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Îyey
í˛zÍ§Ó ˆÌˆÏܲ ≤ÃyÆ xˆÏÌ≈Ó˚ 75 ¢ï˛yÇ¢ ò%Éfli Îyey!¢“#ˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ áÓ˚ã˛
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÓ– q
§Ó˚§ ˆü°y
û˛yÓ˚ï˛ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ @ˇÃyˆÏüyߨÎ˚ö üsfܲ ~ÓÇ ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓD §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
˛õM˛ÈyˆÏÎ˚ï˛ Ä @ˇÃyˆÏüyߨÎ˚ö !Óû˛yˆÏàÓ˚ ˆÎÔÌ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà §Œê˛ˆÏ°ˆÏܲÓ˚
ܲÓ˚&îyüÎ˚#Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆ§rê˛∆y° ˛õyˆÏÜ≈˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà° Ú§Ó˚§ ˆü°y 2011ÈÙÈ12Û–
~ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˆü°y!ê˛ §Æü ˛õˆÏÓ≈ ˛õy !ò°– 11 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ §Ó˚§ ˆü°yÓ˚
í˛zˆÏmyôö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓD §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õM˛ÈyˆÏÎ˚ï˛ Ä @ˇÃyˆÏüyߨÎ˚ö òƈÏÓ˚Ó˚
q üsf# §%Ó ï˛ ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚– û˛yÓ˚ï˛ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ fl∫î≈çÎ˚hsˇ# @ˇÃyü fl∫ÈÙȈÓ˚yçàyÓ˚
ˆÎyçöyÓ˚ xhsˇà≈ï˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ x§Çრfl∫!öû≈˛Ó˚ ˆày¤˛#Ó˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚
!¢“§yü@ˇÃ#Ó˚ !Ó˛õîˆÏöÓ˚ §%ˆÏÎyà §,!‹TÓ˚ í˛zˆÏjˆÏ¢ƒ ≤Ã!ï˛ ÓåÈÓ˚ ~•z ˆü°yÓ˚
ÓƒÓfliy ܲÓ˚y •Î˚– û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ≤ÈÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ @ˇÃyü#î ò!Ó˚o ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyÓ˚=!°Ó˚
xyÌ≈ÈÙȧyüy!çܲ í˛zߨÎ˚ö Ä fl∫!öû≈˛Ó˚ï˛y xç≈ˆÏö §•yÎ˚ï˛y ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ
ˆÜ˛w Ä Ó˚yçƒ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà ~•z xyˆÏÎ˚yçö–
~ ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ §Ó˚§ ˆü°yÎ˚ ≤ÃyÎ˚ 90!ê˛Ó˚ üï˛ fiê˛° •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°–
˛õ!ÿ˛üÓˆÏDÓ˚ ˆï˛y ÓˆÏê˛•zñ !åÈ° !Ó•yÓ˚ñ Ä!í˛¸¢yñ é˛yí˛¸á[˛ñ =çÓ˚yê˛ñ
Ó˚yçfliyöñ x¶…˛≤ÈÏò¢ñ ˆÜ˛Ó˚y°yÈÙȧ• !Ó!û˛ß¨ Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ fiê˛°– ~•z§Ó fiê˛ˆÏ°
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
Óflf!¢“ Ä •hflÏ!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ !Ó!Óô öü%öy ˆã˛yˆÏá ˛õí˛¸yÓ˚ üï˛– ˆü°yÓ˚ üyˆÏë˛
˚≤ÃÌü fiê˛°!ê˛ =çÓ˚yˆÏê˛Ó˚– ~áyöܲyÓ˚ ÓÑyô!ö !≤Ãrê˛ñ !Óí˛§ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ܲyç ܲÓ˚y
¢y!í˛¸=!° ã˛üÍܲyÓ˚– ü•yÓ˚yˆÏ‹T…Ó˚ fiê˛ˆÏ° ܲyÓ˚&ܲyÎ≈üÎ˚ ˆ•yÎ˚y•zê˛ ˆüê˛yˆÏ°Ó˚
àÎ˚öy=!° §%®Ó˚– í˛z_Ó˚yáˆÏ[˛Ó˚ öÓ˚üñ ˛õ¢!ü ˆÓí˛Ü˛û˛yÓ˚ öï%˛ö ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚
~ÓÇ òyˆÏüÄ ¢hflÏy– Ó˚yçfliyˆÏöÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ fiê˛ˆÏ° ܲyã˛ÈÙÈܲyë˛ÈÙÈܲy˛õˆÏí˛¸Ó˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚
òÓ˚çyÓ˚ !í˛çy•zöyÓ˚ ˆí˛Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚¢ö=!° à,•§IyÓ˚ x°ÇܲyÓ˚– x¶…˛≤ÈÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚
~ܲ!ê˛ fiê˛ˆÏ° Ó˚yáy Ü%˛Ó˚&ˆÏ¢Ó˚ ܲyˆÏçÓ˚ Ü%˛¢ö ܲû˛yÓ˚ñ çƒyˆÏܲê˛ñ ã˛yòÓ˚=!°
ˆüˆÏÎ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛Ó˚ çyò%Ó˚ ≤Ãܲy¢– !Ó•yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ fiê˛ˆÏ° üô%Ó!ö ˆ˛õ!rê˛Ç ܲÓ˚y
¢y!í˛¸=!° xyM˛È!°Ü˛ !ã˛eܲ°yÓ˚ ÓƒÓ•y!Ó˚ܲ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yˆÏàÓ˚ !öò¢≈ö–
x¶…˛≤ÈÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ fiê˛ˆÏ° Ó˚yáy ˆåÈyê˛ ˆÌˆÏܲ !ÓÓ˚yê˛yÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚ òyÓ˚&ü)!ï≈˛=!°
x§yôyÓ˚î– ~ܲ!ê˛ Ó˚yôyÜ,˛ˆÏ£èÓ˚ üö%£ÏƒyÜ,˛!ï˛Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏÜ˛Ä Óí˛¸ ü)!ï≈˛Ó˚ òyü
ò%Û°«˛ ê˛yܲyó öy®!öܲï˛yˆÏï˛Ä ï˛y §!ï˛ƒ•z ü•yâ≈ƒ– ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓˆÏDÓ˚ fiê˛ˆÏ°
˛õyÄÎ˚y Îy!FåÈ° í˛z_Ó˚ !òöyç˛õ%ˆÓÏ Ó˚ ˚ ï%˛°y•z˛õy!O ã˛y°– 50 ê˛yܲy ˆÜ˛!çòˆÏÓ˚
~•z ã˛y° ˛õ!ÿ˛üÓˆÏDÓ˚ ~ܲ §¡õò– fl∫yˆÏòñ àˆÏ¶˛ x˛õ)Ó≈– !åÈ° öyÓyˆÏí≈˛Ó˚
fl∫!öû≈˛Ó˚ ˆày¤˛#Ó˚ fiê˛°– ˆ§áyˆÏöÄ •hflÏ!¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ öyöy §Ω˛yÓ˚–
~ åÈyí˛¸yÄ xyã˛yÓ˚ñ çƒyüñ ˆç!°ñ ü¢°yñ !öü!ܲÓ˚ fiê˛° ~ÓÇ âÓ˚
§yçyˆÏöyÓ˚ öyöy ôÓ˚ˆÏöÓ˚ àyˆÏåÈÓ˚ fiê˛°=!°ˆÏï˛ ˆÓ¢ çüçüyê˛ !û˛í˛¸–
˛õyï˛yÓy•yÓ˚ñ Óö§y•z=!° âÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚y®yÎ˚ Ó˚yáyÓ˚ ˛õˆÏ«˛ á%Ó•z í˛z˛õˆÏÎyà#–
19 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ §Ó˚§ ˆü°yÎ˚ xÇ¢ ˆöÄÎ˚y !¢“#ÈÙÈܲy!Ó˚àÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚
˛õ%Ó˚fl,Òï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö ˛õM˛ÈyˆÏÎ˚ï˛ Ä @ˇÃyˆÏüyߨÎ˚ö üsf# §%Ó ï˛ ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚–
≤Ã!ï˛!òö•z ˆü°yÎ˚ §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ xö%¤˛yˆÏöÓ˚ xyˆÏÎ˚yçö !åÈ°– q ˆò!áˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y°Ü˛ ã˛®ö ˆ§ö Ä üyö§ ò_=Æ– öˆÏÓ˚ö Ä
~ܲܲ ≤Ãò¢≈ö#
àï˛ 15 ˆÌˆÏܲ 21 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ xyܲyˆÏò!ü xÓ ú˛y•zö xyê≈˛ˆÏ§Ó˚
öÌ≈ àƒy°y!Ó˚ˆÏï˛ xö%!¤˛ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà° àû˛ö≈ˆÏürê˛ xyê≈˛ ܲˆÏ°ˆÏçÓ˚ xôƒy˛õܲ
xy˛õöyÓ˚ xM˛ÈˆÏ°Ó˚ ã˛yÓ˚yàyåÈ=!°Ó˚ Îb !öö–
≤ÃyÜ,˛!ï˛Ü˛ û˛yÓ˚§yüƒ Ä ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ Ó˚«˛yÎ˚
~!àˆÏÎ˚ xy§%ö–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
xçÎ˚ ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ~ܲܲ ≤Ãò¢≈ö#– ~•z ≤Ãò¢≈ö#ˆÏï˛ !ü:í˛ !ü!í˛Î˚yÎ˚ xÑyܲy
Ú˛õM˛ÈÓ!ê˛Ûñ Ú•zö!ê˛ˆÏüê˛Ûñ Ú!öüy•z •zö ˆê˛y°Ûñ ÚÓ£Ï≈yú˛° ܲÌyÛñ ڣϤ˛#°ï˛yÛñ
Ú§y!Óe#Û •zï˛ƒy!ò ˆ˛õÔÓ˚y!îܲ ܲy!•!ö xÓ°¡∫ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ xÑyܲy ˆ˛õ!rê˛Ç=!°
≤Ãò!¢≈ï˛ •Î˚–
ˆ˛õÔÓ˚y!îܲ ܲy!•!ö xÓ°¡∫ˆÏö x!B˛ï˛ ~•z åÈ!Ó=!°ˆÏï˛ !¢“#Ó˚
xyhsˇ!Ó˚ܲï˛y ~ܲ•z §ˆÏD ˆò¢ç í˛z˛õyòyö ~üö ΈÏbÓ˚ §ˆÏD ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– Ó°y Óy‡°ƒ öÌ≈ àƒy°y!Ó˚Ó˚ ~•z ≤Ãò¢≈ö#ˆÏï˛ á%Ó•z !û˛í˛¸
•ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– q
Î%àöyÎ˚ܲ
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üyÓ˚yï˛°y !ÓˆÏÓܲyö® ĈÏΰ ˚ ˆÏú˛Î˚yÓ˚ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛ öyê˛Ü˛ ÚÎ%àöyÎ˚Ü˛Û x!û˛ö#ï˛
•° ܲ°yü!®Ó˚ ˆ≤ë˛yà,ˆÏ• àï˛ 27 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚– öyê˛Ü˛!ê˛Ó˚ í˛zˆÏmyôö#
xö%¤˛yˆÏö •y!çÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!åȈϰö ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ üsf# ˆ§Ôàï˛ Ó˚yÎ˚ñ Ó˚yçƒ Î%Óܲ°ƒyî
òƈÏÓ˚Ó˚ üsf# xÓ˚*˛õ !ÓŸªy§ñ xyü°y ö!®ö# ã˛e´Óï≈˛#ñ í˛z˛õˆÏò‹Ty !ÓˆÏÓܲ
ü%áy!ç≈ñ x!û˛ˆÏöï˛y !ã˛ß√Î˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ≤Ãü%á–
!ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ Î%!_´Óyò# ã˛!Ó˚eñ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ˆÎÔÓöܲy°ñ Ó¶%˛ §Ç§à≈ñ
Ó˚yüÜ,˛£èˆÏòˆÏÓÓ˚ §ˆÏD §¡õÜ≈˛ñ !¢£Ïƒc @ˇÃ•îñ !öˆÏÓ!òï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ òy!Î˚c
Ä Ü˛ï≈˛Óƒ˛õy°öñ §áƒï˛y ~ÓÇ ˆÓ°%í˛¸ üë˛ fliy˛õˆÏöÓ˚ ܲ!ë˛ö Ó ï˛ ˛õy°ˆÏöÓ˚
Óƒy˛õyÓ˚=!° !ö¤˛y §•Ü˛yˆÏÓ˚ öyê˛Ü˛#Î˚ ü%•)ï≈˛ àí˛¸yÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü ~ öyê˛ˆÏܲ
!ÓˆÏÓܲyöˆÏ®Ó˚ û)˛!üܲyÎ˚ ÎÌye´ˆÏü Ó˚yˆÏç¢ Ü˛ü≈ܲyÓ˚ Ä ¢y!hsˇ°y° ü%áy!ç≈
á%Ó•z §yÓ°#° Ä í˛zj#˛õܲ x!û˛öÎ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈö– û%˛ÓˆÏöŸªÓ˚# ˆòÓ#Ó˚
û)˛!üܲyÎ˚ ˆ§yüy ˆò x§yôyÓ˚î– ~ öyê˛ˆÏܲ !ç£%è üy•z!ï˛Ó˚ üM˛È ~ÓÇ
çÎ˚ ˆ§ˆÏöÓ˚ xyˆÏ°yܲ§Iy !¢“#ï˛ Ä !¢!«˛ï˛– q
§%çyï˛y ˛õysi# §Ó˚ܲyÓ˚ñ Ó˚#îy ö®# Ä ÓÓ˚&î !§ òy¢
ï˛Ìƒ Ä çö§ÇˆÏÎyà !Óû˛yà
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@ˇÃsi ˛õ!Ó˚e´üy
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ !àç≈yÓ˚ •z!ï˛•y§
üô%åÈ®y ˜üe
ô ü≈ üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ôyÓ˚î ܲˆÏÓ˚– ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ •yï˛ ôˆÏÓ˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ !¢«˛yñ
§Çfl,Ò!ï˛ ç#Óö ÎyeyÓ˚ ˛õk˛!ï˛ àˆÏí˛¸ ĈÏ벖 ÓyÓ˚ ÓyÓ˚ !ÓˆÏò!¢
¢y§Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏD ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ôü≈Ä ~ˆÏòˆÏ¢Ó˚ üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ !ã˛•´ ˆÓ˚ˆÏá ˆàˆÏåÈ–
ˆÎû˛yˆÏÓ ü%§°üyö ¢y§Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ •yï˛ ôˆÏÓ˚ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ôü≈ xyÓ˚Ó ò%!öÎ˚y
ˆÌˆÏܲ û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ~ˆÏ§ xy!ô˛õï˛ƒ !ÓhflÏyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°ñ !ë˛Ü˛ ˆï˛ü!ö û˛yˆÏÓ
˛õï≈%˛!àç ¢y§Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ •yï˛ ôˆÏÓ˚ !á fiê˛ ôü≈ ~ˆÏòˆÏ¢ ≤ÈÏÓ¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°–
≤Ã̈Ïü ˛õ!ÿ˛ˆÏü ü%¡∫•z •ˆÏÎ˚ ò!«˛î û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ~Ó˚ !ÓhflÏyÓ˚ âˆÏê˛– •zfiê˛
•z!u˛Î˚y ˆÜ˛y¡õy!öÓ˚ •yï˛ ôˆÏÓ˚ !ü¢öy!Ó˚Ó˚y ~ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ xyˆÏ§ñ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛y •Î˚
!àç≈y ˛õ#Î)£Ïܲy!hsˇ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆ°áy Úã˛yˆÏã≈˛§ •zö ܲƒy°Ü˛yê˛yÛ ~ܲ!ê˛ xöƒÓ˚ܲü
Ó•z ÎyÓ˚ •yï˛ ôˆÏÓ˚ ~•z ü•yöàÓ˚#Ó˚ xöƒ ~ܲ çà͈Ïܲ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y
ÎyÎ˚– ˆ°áˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆ°áö#ˆÏï˛ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöy !àç≈yÓ˚ •z!ï˛•y§ñ åÈ!Ó
~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãû˛yÓ §¡õ≈ˆÏܲ çyöˆÏï˛ öy ˛õyÓ˚ˆÏ° ~•z ü•yöàÓ˚#ˆÏܲ çyöyê˛y
x§¡õ)î≈ Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏÓ–
!àç≈y ¢∑!ê˛ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ !@ˇÃܲ ¢∑ ˆÌˆÏܲñ ÎyÓ˚ xÌ≈ Ú{ŸªˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ à,•Û–
~•z ü•yöàÓ˚#ˆÏï˛ ≤ÃÌü ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ fliy!˛õï˛ •Î˚ 1709 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöy
ˆÜ˛Õ‘yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈñ ˆ§rê˛ xƒyˆÏö§ ã˛yã≈˛– ÓyÇ°yñ !Ó•yÓ˚ñ Ä!í˛¸¢yÓ˚ öÓyÓ
!§Ó˚yçÈÙÈí˛zòÈÙȈòÔ°y Îáö 1756 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ !mï˛#Î˚ÓyÓ˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y xye´üî
ܲˆÏÓ˚öñ ï˛áö ˆÜ˛y¡õy!öÓ˚ ˜§öƒÓ˚y ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ°Ó˚ ˆ˛õåȈÏö
xy◊Î˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ Î%k˛ ã˛y°yÎ˚– ú˛ˆÏ° ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ «˛!ï˛@ˇÃhflÏ •Î˚– xƒyˆÏö§ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚
§%í˛zFã˛ ã)˛í˛¸y Ó‡ ò)Ó˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ §ü%ˆÏoÓ˚ öy!ÓܲˆÏòÓ˚ §y•§ !òï˛ñ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚
xyüsfî ܲÓ˚Ïï˛ ~áyˆÏö Óy!îçƒ Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ çöƒ– fl∫Î˚Ç àû˛ö≈Ó˚ ܲü≈ã˛yÓ˚# Ä
ˆ§öyÓy!•ö# ˛õ!Ó˚Ó,ï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ Ó˚!ÓÓyÓ˚ ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛ xy§ˆÏï˛ö ≤ÃyÌ≈öy
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛– 1737 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ ~ܲ û˛Î˚B˛yÓ˚ §y•zˆÏÜœ˛yˆÏö ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ xyâyï˛≤ÃyÆ
•Î˚– ~Ó˚ ˆ¢£Ï !Ó¢˛õ ˆÓ˚û˛yˆÏÓ˚u˛ àyÓ˚ˆÏû˛§ ˆÓ°y!ü 1756 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑
ÓœƒyܲˆÏ•y° ê˛∆ƒyˆÏç!í˛Ó˚ !¢Ü˛yÓ˚ •ö–
~Ó˚ ò#â≈!òö ˛õÓ˚ 1774 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ •zfiê˛ •z!u˛Î˚y ˆÜ˛y¡õy!öÓ˚
ܲü≈ã˛yÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöy ˆÜ˛Õ‘yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ Úˆ§rê˛ ˆçyö§ ã˛yã≈˛Û fliy!˛õï˛
•Î˚– !ï˛ö!òˆÏܲ ˆ°Ü˛ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆâÓ˚y ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ¢y!Î˚ï˛ xyˆÏåÈö çÓ
ã˛yö≈ܲñ ï˛yÑÓ˚ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ flf# ~ÓÇ ˆüˆÏΖ˚ ˆ¢yû˛yÓyçyÓ˚ Ó˚yçÓy!í˛¸Ó˚ ≤Ã!ï˛¤˛yï˛y
ü•yÓ˚yçy öÓÜ,˛£è Óy•yò%Ó˚ ~•z ã˛yã≈˛ ~ÓÇ ï˛yÓ˚ §Ç°@¿ ç!ü òyö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö
1783 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ñ àû˛ö≈Ó˚ ˆçöyˆÏÓ˚° ˆ•!fiê˛Ç§ˆÏܲ– ~•z ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ ÷ô%üye
§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ã˛yã≈˛ !•§yˆÏÓ fl∫#Ü,˛ï˛ !åÈ°– çyüyö≈ !ã˛e!¢“# çö ˆçyú˛y!öÓ˚
xyÑܲy Ú°yfiê˛ §y˛õyÓ˚Û åÈ!Ó!ê˛ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ ˛õ!ÿ˛ü ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ° ˆÓ°!çÎ˚yü
ܲyшÏã˛Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ x°ÇÜ,˛ï˛ ܲÓ˚y xyˆÏåÈ– ~•z åÈ!Ó!ê˛Ó˚ çöƒ ï˛yшÏܲ °u˛ˆÏö
!ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ §üÎ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ !•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyÇ!ê˛ §yß√y!öܲ !•§yˆÏÓ ˆòÄÎ˚y
42
•Î˚– Ó‡ ü)°ƒÓyö åÈ!ÓÓ˚ §Ç@ˇÃy•Ü˛ ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ ˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ ü)°ƒ
x˛õ!Ó˚§#ü–
...!ü¢ö ˆÓ˚yˆÏï˛ xÓ!fliï˛ !ü¢ö ã˛yã≈˛– §%•zˆÏí˛ˆÏöÓ˚ x!ôÓy§#
ˆ≤ÃyˆÏê˛fiê˛yrê˛ !á fiê˛yö !ü¢öy!Ó˚ çö çƒyܲy!Ó˚Î˚y !öˆÏçÓ˚ xy@ˇÃˆÏ• ~ÓÇ
xˆÏÌ≈ 1770 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ ~!ê˛ fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ˛õƒy!Ó˚ã˛yÑò !üˆÏeÓ˚ !Óáƒyï˛
Ó•z Úˆí˛!û˛í˛ ˆ•Î˚yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ç#Óö#ÛˆÏï˛ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ~ܲüye ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöy ã˛yã≈˛
!•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ öyü í˛zˆÏÕ‘!áï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– çƒyܲy!Ó˚Î˚yÓ˚ í˛zˆÏj¢ƒ !åÈ°
ˆÓ˚yüyö ܲƒyÌy!°Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ ˆ≤ÃyˆÏê˛fiê˛yrê˛ üˆÏï˛ !ÓŸªy§# ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆï˛y°y– ï˛yÑÓ˚
ç#Óö !åÈ° ê˛∆ƒyˆÏç!í˛ ˛õ)î≈– ≤ÃÌü flf#Ó˚ ü,ï%˛ƒÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ !ï˛!ö ç!ü !ܲˆÏö
ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ x!ï˛!Ì¢y°yñ fl%Ò° fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– !ܲv ˛õˆÏÓ˚ !mï˛#Î˚y flf#Ó˚
x!üï˛Óƒ!Î˚ï˛y ~ÓÇ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ïñ ˆåȈϰÓ˚ ˆfl∫FåÈyã˛y!Ó˚ï˛y ï˛yшÏܲ x¶˛Ü˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
!òˆÏܲ ˆë˛ˆÏ° ˆòÎ˚– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ˆ¢!Ó˚ˆÏú˛Ó˚ !öˆÏj≈ˆÏ¢ ï˛yÑÓ˚ ˆ¢£Ï xy◊Î˚
•Î˚ ã%%˛Ñã%˛í˛¸y ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ !Ó¢ˆÏ˛õÓ˚ ˛õˆÏò 50 ê˛yܲy üy•zˆÏöˆÏï˛– x‹Txy!¢ ÓåÈÓ˚
ÓÎ˚ˆÏ§ çö çƒyܲy!Ó˚Î˚y üyÓ˚y Îyö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚– ã˛y°§≈ @ˇÃyrê˛ öyˆÏü ~ܲ
§Ó˚ܲy!Ó˚ ܲü≈ã˛yÓ˚# !ö°yˆÏü ~•z §¡õ!_ e´Î˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ÓyÇ°yÎ˚ !á fiê˛ ôü≈
≤Ãã˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ û)˛!üܲy !åÈ° í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ–
ˆú˛yê≈˛ í˛z•z!°Î˚ˆÏüÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ xyÓ˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ ã˛yã≈˛ fliy!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°
1835 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑– à!Ìܲ fliy˛õˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ xö%§Ó˚ˆÏî ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ ܲÌy
§üyã˛yÓ˚ ò˛õ≈ˆÏî í˛zˆÏÕ‘!áï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ˆÎ§Ó ˜§öƒ !Ó !ê˛¢Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ çöƒ
ܲyÓ%° Î%ˆÏk˛ ≤Ãyî •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ flø,!ï˛ ú˛°Ü˛=!° ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ°
§!Iï˛ xyˆÏåÈ–
1857 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ §%í˛zFã˛ à¡∫%çÄÎ˚y°y ˆÓ˚yüyö
ܲƒyÌ!°Ü˛ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ öyü ˆ§rê˛ ˛õƒy!ê˛∆ܲ ã˛yã≈˛– ˆ§rê˛ ˛õƒy!ê˛∆ܲ çß√§)ˆÏe
•zÇ°ƒyˆÏu˛Ó˚ ˆ°yܲ •ˆÏ°Ä ÓyˆÏ°ƒ xy•z!Ó˚¢ !Ó≤’Ó#ˆÏòÓ˚ myÓ˚y x˛õ•*ï˛ •ö
~ÓÇ òy§ !•§yˆÏÓ ÓƒÓ•*ï˛ •ÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ˛õy!°ˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚ ôü≈≤Ãã˛yÓ˚ܲ
!•§yˆÏÓ !Ó!û˛ß¨ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ â%ˆÏÓ˚ ˆÓí˛¸yö– Óï≈˛üyˆÏö ~!ê˛ ˆú˛yê≈˛ í˛z•z!°Î˚ˆÏüÓ˚
!á fiê˛yö !ü¢öy!Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ~ܲüye ã˛yã≈˛–
!ÓöÎ˚ Óyò° ò#ˆÏö¢ÓyˆÏàÓ˚ Úˆ§rê˛ xƒyu»˛§$ ã˛yã≈˛Û ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ •*Í!˛õˆÏ[˛
xÓ!fliï˛ ≤ÃÌü flÒ!ê˛¢ ˆ≤ÃyˆÏê˛fiê˛yrê˛ ã˛yã≈˛– xƒyu»˛$ !åȈϰö !Î÷ !á ˆÏfiê˛Ó˚
myò¢ !¢£ÏƒˆÏòÓ˚ xöƒï˛ü– ˆà!°!° ˆ°ˆÏܲÓ˚ ˛õyˆÏ¢Ó˚ @ˇÃyˆÏü ÌyܲˆÏï˛ö
~ܲ ˆçˆÏ°– ~ܲ!òö !ï˛!ö xyÓ˚ ï˛yÑÓ˚ û˛y•z !˛õê˛yÓ˚ üyåÈ ôÓ˚!åȈϰö–
•ë˛yÍ !Î÷ˆÏܲ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ˆ˛õˆÏÎ˚ !ï˛!ö °y!ú˛ˆÏÎ˚ çˆÏ° é˛yÑ˛õ !òˆÏ°ö– !Î÷Ó˚
Óyî# ≤Ãã˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çöƒ ï˛yшÏÜ˛Ä e´¢!Ók˛ •ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ Ó%ˆÏܲ
xÓ!fliï˛ ~•z ã˛yã≈˛=!°ˆÏܲ !âˆÏÓ˚ ˆÎ §Ó ã˛üÍܲyÓ˚ à“ ≤Ãã˛!°ï˛ xyˆÏåÈ
~•z Ó•z!ê˛ öy ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ° ˆ§=!° çyöy ÎyˆÏÓ öy–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
 çÓ ã˛yî≈ܲ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ üy!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ˛õy ˆòÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ °u˛ˆÏöÓ˚ ~ܲ
xyˆÏü≈!öÎ˚yö ÓƒÓ§yÎ˚#Ó˚ üôƒfliï˛yÎ˚ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöy !ã˛öy ÓyçyÓ˚ !flT…ˆÏê˛ ~ܲ!ê˛
!àç≈y ˜ï˛!Ó˚Ó˚ í˛zˆòÏ ƒyà ˆöö– ï˛ˆÏÓ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õ%ˆÓÏ y˚ ˆÏöy xyˆÏü!≈ öÎ˚yö
ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ fliy!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ‡à!°Ó˚ ã%%˛Ñã%˛í˛¸yˆÏï˛ 1695 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑–
Úˆ§rê˛ ˛õ°§ ܲƒy!Ìí»˛y°ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ xyˆÏà ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ Ü˛ƒy!Ìí»˛y°
!åÈ° öy– ܲƒy!Ìí»˛y° •° ≤Ãôyö ã˛yã≈˛ ˆÎáyˆÏö !Ó¢ˆÏ˛õÓ˚ xy§ö §ÇÓ˚!«˛ï˛
ÌyˆÏܲ– 1897 ~ÓÇ 1934 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ ò%ÛÓyÓ˚ û)˛!üܲˆÏ¡õÓ˚ ú˛ˆÏ° ~•z
à!Ìܲ fiê˛y•zˆÏ° !ö!ü≈ï˛ ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛Ó˚ ã)˛í˛¸y «˛!ï˛@ˇÃhflÏ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
ü•yöàÓ˚#Ó˚ ï˛Íܲy°#ö §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ˆÏܲ çyöˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ°ñ !ã˛öˆÏï˛ •ˆÏ° ˆ§rê˛
˛õ°§ ܲƒy!Ìí»˛yˆÏ° xy§ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ~Ó˚ ê˛yÄÎ˚yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ã)˛ˆÏí˛¸yÓ˚ â!í˛¸ê˛y ˛õ,!ÌÓ#
!Óáƒyï˛ â!í˛¸ !öü≈yï˛y Úû%˛!°Î˚y!öÛ myÓ˚y !ö!ü≈ï˛ ~ÓÇ ~áöÄ ~!ê˛ ≤Ã!ï˛!ê˛
ârê˛yÎ˚ ˆÓˆÏç í˛zˆÏë˛ xï˛#ˆÏï˛Ó˚ ˆàÔÓ˚ÓÈÙÈàyÌyˆÏܲ fløÓ˚î ܲ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÎ˚–
¢•ˆÏÓÓ˚ ˚ §ÓˆÏã˛ˆÏÎ˚ ÓƒhflïÏ ˛ü çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ xÓ!fliï˛ ~•z ܲƒy!Ìí»˛y°!ê˛ !¢“ܲ°yÓ˚
~ܲ x§yôyÓ˚î §Ç@ˇÃ•¢y°y–
ÓyÇ°yÎ˚ ≤ÃÌü ˛õï%%˛≈!àç !ü¢öy!Ó˚Ó˚y•z !àç≈y fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°– •zÑê˛ñ
§%Ó˚!ܲ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˜ï˛!Ó˚ ˆÜ˛Õ‘yÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ §%Ó˚!«˛ï˛ ~•z !àç≈y!ê˛ 1700 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑
!ö!ü≈ï •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚– ~Ó˚ xyˆÏà ‡à!° ˆç°yÓ˚ ü%!à≈•yê˛yˆÏï˛
≤ÃÌü ˛õï%≈˛!àç !àç≈y fliy!˛õï˛ •Î˚– 1796 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ ˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚yˆÏöy !àç≈y!ê˛
ˆû˛ˆÏä öï%˛ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˛õyÌÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ !àç≈y !öü≈yî ÷Ó˚& •Î˚– ~Ó˚ ˛õ)Ó≈ ~ÓÇ
˛õ!ÿ˛ü ≤ÃyˆÏhsˇ ò%!ê˛ ê˛yÄÎ˚yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ã)˛ˆÏí˛¸yÓ˚ IJõÓ˚ ò%!ê˛ ü%Ü%˛ê˛ xyˆÏåÈ– §Ω˛Óï˛
üyï˛y ˆü!Ó˚Ó˚ ò%!ê˛ ü%Ü%˛ˆÏê˛Ó˚ ≤Ãï˛#ܲ !•§yˆÏÓ û˛yÓy •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– ˛õï%%˛≈!àç
fliy˛õˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ !öò¢≈ö ~•z !àç≈y!ê˛ˆÏï˛ Î#÷ ~ÓÇ üyï˛y ˆü!Ó˚Ó˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨
âê˛öyÓ˚ åÈ!Ó ç#Óhsˇ ˆòáˆÏï˛ °yˆÏà–
˛õ#Î)£Ïܲy!hsˇÓ˚ ~•z Ó•z!ê˛ öy ˛õí˛¸ˆÏ° ≤ÃÌü Óyäy!° !á fiê˛yö !Ó¢ˆÏ˛õÓ˚
ܲÌy çyöy ÎyˆÏÓ öy– ˆ§rê˛ ˆü!Ó˚Ó˚ ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ fliy!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° Óyäy!°
!á fiê˛yöˆÏòÓ˚ ˛õ,ÈÌܲ ≤ÃyÌ≈öy §û˛y fliy˛õˆÏöÓ˚ çöƒ– ˆ§rê˛ ˛õ°§ ܲƒy!Ìí»˛y°
ˆÌˆÏܲ ˆÓ˚û˛yˆÏÓu˚ ˛ •!Ó˚ã˛Ó˚î §yöƒy°ˆÏܲ ~áyöܲyÓ˚ ˛õ%ˆÓÏ y˚ !•ï˛ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ!˚ åÈ°–
!Î÷Ó˚ ˛õ%öÓ˚&ayö ~ÓÇ ˆü!Ó˚ üƒyܲˆÏí˛ˆÏ°Ó˚ §%®Ó˚ åÈ!Ó ~Ó˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ°
xyÑܲy xyˆÏåÈ–
˛õ!Óeï˛y ~ÓÇ !ÓÓ˚° fliy˛õˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ !öò¢≈ö •° Úˆ§rê˛ ê˛üy§ ã˛yã≈˛Û–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ˆÓ˚yüyö ܲƒyÌ!°Ü˛ !àç≈y !•§yˆÏÓ ~•z !àç≈y!ê˛ ï˛yÓ˚ x§yôyÓ˚î
ôü#≈Î˚ ˆüy!ê˛ú˛ ~ÓÇ Óî≈üÎ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚yˆÏ°Ó˚ çöƒ xy°yòy fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ xyòyÎ˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ– !àç≈y §Ç°@¿ !ÓhflÏ#î≈ çyÎ˚ày!ê˛ˆÏï˛ ˆÓ˚yüyö ܲƒyÌ!°Ü˛
§ß¨ƒy!§ö#ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛û)˛ Úˆ°!í˛ °ˆÏÓ˚ˆÏê˛yÛÓ˚ öyˆÏü Úˆ°yˆÏÓ˚ˆÏê˛y •yí˛z§Û fliy!˛õï˛
•ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ°– !ü¢öy!Ó˚ˆÏòÓ˚ •yï˛ ôˆÏÓ˚ ~•zû˛yˆÏÓ öyÓ˚#!¢«˛y û˛yÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ≤ÈÏÓ¢
ܲˆÏÓ˚!åÈ°–
!¢Î˚y°òy ˆÓ˚° ˆfiê˛¢ˆÏöÓ˚ úœ˛y•zÄû˛yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ö#ˆÏã˛ ˆÓ˚yüyö ܲƒyÌ!°Ü˛
ã˛yã≈˛ fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ!˚ åȈ°
Ï ö ~ܲçö ˛õï%˛% ≈!àç !ÓôÓyñ öyü ˆ@ˇÃ§ ~!°çyˆÏÓÌ–
ÚxyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˆ°!í˛ xú˛ í˛Ä°yÓ˚§ÈÙȈöy§y ˆ§öˆÏ•yÓ˚y ˆí˛§ˆÏí˛yÓ˚y§Û ~•z
ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ í˛zͧà≈ ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ e´¢!Ók˛ !Î÷Ó˚ xyï≈˛ üy ˆü!Ó˚ˆÏܲ– ˆ@ˇÃ§
~!°çyˆÏÓÌ ~•z !àç≈yÓ˚ §Ç°@¿ ç!üˆÏï˛ ˆåȈϰ ˆüˆÏÎ˚ í˛zû˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ çöƒ
xyô%!öܲ !¢«˛y ÓƒÓfliy §ü!ß∫ï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ fl%Ò° fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– xöƒyöƒ
ˆÓ˚yüyö ܲƒyÌ!°Ü˛ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ üï˛ ~!ê˛Ä ôü#≈Î˚ ˆüy!ê˛ú˛ ~ÓÇ Óî≈üÎ˚
åÈ!ÓˆÏï˛ x°ÇÜ,˛ï˛– ~•z !ü◊ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛Ó˚ Ä !Ó!û˛ß¨ ôˆÏü≈Ó˚ñ !Ó!û˛ß¨
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚y ÓyÓ˚ÓyÓ˚ ~•z ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈö !öˆÏçÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçˆÏö– ~•z ¢•Ó˚ˆÏܲ
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ܲˆÏÓ˚ !öˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö xy˛õö– !öˆÏçÓ˚ ˆòˆÏ¢Ó˚ §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ñ !¢“ ôü≈ˆÏܲ åÈ!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚
!òˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xyöyˆÏã˛ Ü˛yöyˆÏã˛– àˆÏí˛¸ í˛zˆÏë˛ˆÏåÈ !•®%ñ ˛õy!§≈ñ ˜çö
ü!®Ó˚ñ ü§!çò– !àç≈y– ~Ó˚üˆÏôƒ xyÓyÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ çy!ï˛ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !öçfl∫
˜¢°#ˆÏï˛ àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ í˛z˛õy§öy à,•– Ú!@ˇÃܲ xÌ≈í˛: ã˛yã≈˛Û
ˆï˛üö•z ~ܲ!ê˛ í˛zòy•Ó˚î– !@ˇÃܲ ÓƒÓ§yÎ˚#Ó˚y ~ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§ ˛õï%%˛≈!àç
~ÓÇ xyˆÏü≈!öÎ˚yöˆÏòÓ˚ üï˛•z ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ xö!ï˛ò)ˆÏÓ˚ àˆÏí˛¸ ï%˛ˆÏ°!åÈ°
!öˆÏçˆÏòÓ˚ í˛z˛õy§öy à,•– 1780 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ xyüí˛¸yï˛°y !flT…ˆÏê˛ àˆÏí˛¸
ï%˛ˆÏ°!åÈ° ï˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !àç≈y– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ≤ÃÌü ˆÎ !@ˇÃܲ ÓƒÓ§yÎ˚# xyˆÏ§ö
ï˛yÑÓ˚ öyü !åÈ° •yí˛!ç xƒyˆÏ°Ü˛!çÎ˚y§ xyà≈!Ó˚– ~ܲÓyÓ˚ •zfiê˛ •z!u˛Î˚y
ˆÜ˛y¡õy!öÓ˚ ܲyˆÏç ˆú˛yê≈˛ í˛z•z!°Î˚ˆÏüÓ˚ ܲƒyˆÏ≤Wzö !ܲí˛zê˛Óyê˛ Ìö≈!ӈϰÓ˚
§ˆÏD ˆòyû˛y!£Ï !•§yˆÏÓ xyÓ˚Ó Îyey ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö– ˆçU˛y ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ
ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ çy•yç xƒyˆÏ°Ü˛çyu˛yÓ˚ û˛Î˚B˛Ó˚ §y•zˆÏÜœ˛yˆÏöÓ˚ ü%ˆÏá ˛õˆÏí˛¸ í%˛ˆÏÓ
ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ í˛z˛õe´ü •Î˚– ï˛áö !ï˛!ö ≤ÃyÌ≈öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ~ÓÇ ˆ§Ôû˛yàƒe´ˆÏü
ˆÓшÏã˛ ˆú˛ˆÏÓ˚ö– !ï˛!ö !ú˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~ˆÏ§ ≤ÃÌü !@ˇÃܲ !àç≈y fliy˛õö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö
˛õï%˛≈!àç !àç≈yÓ˚ ܲyåÈyܲy!åÈ– Óï≈˛üyˆÏö !@ˇÃܲ ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ Ü˛y°#âyê˛ ü!®ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
ܲyˆÏåÈ xÓ!fliï˛ !@ˇÃܲ fliy˛õˆÏï˛ƒÓ˚ ~ܲ x§yôyÓ˚î !öò¢≈ö–
Óí˛zÓyçyÓ˚ ~°yܲyÎ˚ 1841 !á fiê˛y∑ ˛õÎ≈hsˇ ˆÜ˛yöÄ !àç≈y !åÈ°
öy– e´ˆÏü ܲƒyÌ!°Ü˛ˆÏòÓ˚ §Çáƒy ˆÓˆÏí˛¸ ÎyÄÎ˚yÎ˚ñ 1894 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ xyã≈˛
!Ó¢˛õ ˆÓ˚û˛yˆÏÓ˚u˛ ˛õ° ˆàyˆÏáˆÏ°Ó˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà ˆ§rê˛ ú ˛yö!§§ ˆç!û˛Î˚yˆÏ§≈Ó˚
öyˆÏü ~•z !àç≈y fliy!˛õï˛ •Î˚– ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ !mï˛° •ˆÏ°Ä ~Ó˚ ˆÜ˛yöÄ à¡∫%ç
Óy ã)˛í˛¸y ˆö•zñ ~!ê˛ §¡õ)î≈ ˆí˛y!Ó˚ܲ fliy˛õˆÏï˛ƒ !ö!ü≈ï˛–
Ú°í≈˛ !΢y§ ã˛yã≈˛Û Óy !ú ˛ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ ˛õ_ö •Î˚ 1843 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑
xyˆÏ°Ü˛çyu˛yÓ˚ í˛yöy ~ÓÇ ï˛yÑÓ˚ §D#ˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà– Óï≈˛üyˆÏö Ó˚!ú˛
xy•ˆÏüò !ܲˆÏòyÎ˚˚y•z !flT…ˆÏê˛ñ Úã˛yã≈˛ xú˛ flÒê˛°ƒyˆÏu˛Ó˚Û myÓ˚y ˛õ!Ó˚ã˛y!°ï˛ ~•z
ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛Ó˚ ˜Ó!¢‹Tƒ •° xöƒyöƒ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛ Óy•zˆÏӈϰÓ˚ ã˛!Ó˚e=!°ñ ~üöܲ#
üyï˛y ˆü!Ó˚ñ ≤Ãû%˛ !Î÷ ~û˛Ç ú˛yòyÓ˚ ˆÎyˆÏ¢ˆÏú˛Ó˚ ˆ˛õy¢yܲ ˛õ!Ó˚FåÈò=!°
xyÑܲy •Î˚ ˆÓ˚yüyö fiê˛y•zˆÏ°– !ܲv ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛ ˆ˛õy¢yܲ ˛õ!Ó˚FåÈò=!°
xyÑܲy •Î˚ §¡õ)î≈ û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ fiê˛y•zˆÏ°– ~ åÈyí˛¸y ~•z ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ àyˆÏÎ˚ ˆ°áy
xˆÏöܲ Óyî# ÓyÇ°yˆÏï˛ ˆ°áy–
Úú˛!ï˛üy ◊y•zöÛ ˆòáˆÏï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ §yòyüyê˛y ˆÓ˚yüyö ܲƒyÌ!°Ü˛
!àç≈y– !ܲv û˛yÓˆÏï˛ xÓyܲ °yˆÏà Úú˛!ï˛üyÛ •° Ó˚y!¢Î˚yÓ˚ ˆ§rê˛
!˛õê˛y§≈ÓyˆÏà≈Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ xÓ!fliï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˆåÈyR ¢•Ó˚– ≤ÃÌü !ÓŸªÎ%ˆÏk˛Ó˚ §üÎ˚
Ó˚y!¢Î˚yˆÏï˛ Îáö üyö%£Ï á%Ó Ü˛‹T ˛õyˆÏFåÈñ ˆ§•z §üÎ˚ ú˛!ï˛üy ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
!ï˛ö!ê˛ !¢÷ˆÏܲ üyï˛y ˆüÓ˚# ò¢≈ö ˆòöñ ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ ˛õÌ ˆòáyö– 1950
!á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ üyï˛y ú˛!ï˛üyÓ˚ ü)!ï≈˛ xyí˛¸¡∫ˆÏÓ˚ ˛õï%%˛≈ày° ˆÌˆÏܲ ~ˆÏòˆÏ¢ xyöy
•Î˚ ~ÓÇ à!Ó˚ÓˆÏòÓ˚ çöƒ ~ܲ!ê˛ ¢•Ó˚ !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ í˛zˆÏjˆÏ¢ƒ ~•z !àç≈y!ê˛
!öü≈yî ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– xy§ˆÏ° üyï˛y ú˛!ï˛üy üyï˛y ˆü!Ó˚Ó˚ ~ܲ!ê˛ Ó˚*˛õ– öyö
Óy §ß¨ƒy!§ö#ˆÏòÓ˚ !öç≈ˆÏö í˛z˛õy§öyÓ˚ çöƒ ÚܲyÓ˚ˆÏü° xú˛ !á fiê˛ òƒ !ܲÇ
ã˛ƒyˆÏ˛õ°Û fliy!˛õï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° 1937 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑– ˛õyÑã˛ ˆÓyö ˆÓ°!çÎ˚yü
ˆÌˆÏܲ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ ≤ÃÌü ò%ÛÓåÈÓ˚ !á!òÓ˚˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚ x!ï˛!Ì¢y°yÎ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ
Óï≈˛üyˆÏöÓ˚ ~•z Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ !ܲˆÏö!åȈϰö ~ܲ ü%§°üyö û˛oˆÏ°yˆÏܲÓ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ–
ܲyÓ˚&ܲyÎ≈ ˆ¢y!û˛ï˛ Óy!í˛¸!ê˛ˆÏܲ ï˛yÑÓ˚y ˆû˛ˆÏä §yòyüyê˛y ~ܲê˛y Óy!í˛¸ ˜ï˛!Ó˚
ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆ§áyˆÏö ÚܲyÓ˚ˆÏü° ܲöˆÏû˛rê˛Û fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
ç#ÓˆÏöÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ !Ó˛õ≈ΈÏÎ˚ üyö%£Ï {ŸªˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ xy◊Î˚ ˆöÎ˚– üˆÏö üˆÏö
≤ÃyÌ≈öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ !Ó˛õò ˆÌˆÏܲ í˛zk˛yÓ˚ ˆ˛õˆÏ° ˆ§ !ܲå%È òyö ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ–
43
çyà!ï˛Ü˛ üyö%ˆ£Ï ÓÏ ˚ ~•z xû˛#∞yÎ˚ {ŸªÓ˚Ä §yí˛¸y ˆòö– §Ó≈ôü≈ §¡±òyˆÏÎÓ˚ ˚
üˆÏôƒ ~•z üˆÏöyû˛yÓ °«˛ ܲÓ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ï˛y•z àˆÏí˛¸ ĈÏë˛ x§Çრü!®Ó˚ñ
!àç≈yñ ü§!çò ~ÓÇ xy◊ü– Úã˛yã≈˛ xú˛ òƒ ˆ§ˆÏe´ê˛ •yê≈˛ xú˛ !΢y§Û
~üö•z ~ܲ!ê˛ ò,‹Tyhsˇ– !üˆÏ§§ ˆ˛õ§ˆÏܲyÎ˚y !í˛Û§%çy !åȈϰö ~ܲ !Óáƒyï˛
˛õï%˛≈!àç ôö# ÓƒÓ§yÎ˚#Ó˚ ܲöƒy ~ÓÇ ~ܲ ôö# ˛õ!Ó˚ÓyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ Óí˛z– ï˛yÑÓ˚
ˆåȈϰ !̈ÏÎ˚ê˛yÓ˚ ˆòˆÏá ˆú˛Ó˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ ày!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ ~ܲ!ê˛ ˆ°yˆÏܲÓ˚ §ˆÏD
é˛àí˛¸yÎ˚ ç!í˛¸ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õˆÏí˛¸ ò%ü ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˆ°yܲ!ê˛ˆÏܲ =!° ܲˆÏÓ˚ñ ˆ°yܲ!ê˛ üyÓ˚y
ÎyÎ˚– üyòyü !í˛Û§%çy {ŸªˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ≤ÃyÌ≈öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö ˆåȈϰ ˆÎö ü%!_´
˛õyÎ˚– ܲyÓ˚î ˆåȈϰ!ê˛ üyö!§Ü˛ ˆÓ˚yà# !åÈ°– §%!≤Ãü ˆÜ˛yˆÏê≈˛Ó˚ Ó˚yˆÏÎ˚
ˆåȈϰ!ê˛ ˆÓܲ§%Ó˚ áy°y§ ˛õyÎ˚– üyòyü Óï≈˛üyˆÏöÓ˚ ˆ°!öö §Ó˚!îˆÏï˛ ~•z
ã˛yã≈˛!ê˛ fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓö˚ – Óy•zˆÓÏ ˆÏ°Ó˚ !ܲå%È âê˛öy üyˆÏÓ≈ˆ°
Ï Ó˚ IJõÓ˚ §%®Ó˚û˛yˆÏÓ
ˆáy!òï˛ xyˆÏåÈ–
!ã˛öyˆÏòÓ˚ üˆÏôƒ Ó%k˛ xö%àyü#ˆÏòÓ˚ §Çáƒy ˆÓ!¢ •ˆÏ°Ä ~•z ¢•ˆÏÓ˚
!ܲå%È !á fiê˛yö xö%àyü#Ä Óy§ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ï˛yÓ˚y•z 1935 !á fiê˛yˆÏ∑ Úˆ§ˆÏe´ê˛
•yê≈˛ ã˛y•z!öç ã˛ƒyˆÏ˛õ°Û ≤Ã!ï˛!¤˛ï˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö Óï≈˛üyˆÏöÓ˚ ĈÏÎ˚fiê˛ö !flT…ˆÏê˛–
ˆ£Ïyí˛¸¢ ¢ï˛y∑#ˆÏï˛ ã˛yã≈˛ Îáö e´ü¢ «˛üï˛yÓyö •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛zˆÏë˛!åÈ° ~ÓÇ
ˆ˛õy˛õ ˆÓ˚yˆÏüÓ˚ §yôyÓ˚î üyö%£ÏˆÏܲ ≤Ãï˛y!Ó˚ï˛ Ü˛Ó˚ˆÏï˛ xyÓ˚Ω˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰöñ
ˆ§ §üÎ˚ çyü≈y!öÓ˚ í˛z•zˆÏê˛öÓyà≈ •zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛Ó˚ xôƒy˛õܲ üy!ê≈˛ö °%ÌyÓ˚
ˆ˛õyˆÏ˛õÓ˚ !ÓÓ˚&ˆÏk˛ ≤Ã!ï˛Óyò çyöyˆÏ°ö S1483ÈÙÈ1546V– ~Ó˚ ˛õÓ˚Óï˛#≈ܲyˆÏ°
x:ˆÏú˛yí≈˛ •zí˛z!öû˛y!§≈!ê˛Ó˚ ò%•z ˆüôyÓ# åÈye çö ĈÏÎ˚§!° ~ÓÇ ã˛y°§≈
ĈÏÎ˚§!° !öÎ˚!üï˛ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛ ˆÎˆÏï˛ö ~ÓÇ ≤Ãû%˛ !Î÷Ó˚ ≤ÃÜ,˛ï˛ Óyï≈˛y §yôyÓ˚î
üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ˆ˛õÑÔˆÏåÈ !òˆÏï˛ö– ï˛yшÏòÓ˚ˆÏܲ åÈyeÓ˚y ˆüÌ!í˛fiê˛ ÓˆÏ°
í˛yܲÏï˛– ï˛yшòÏ Ó˚ xö%àyü#Ó˚y ˆÎ ã˛yã≈˛=!° fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓö˚ ˆ§=!° ˆüÌ!í˛fiê˛
ã˛yã≈˛ ӈϰ ˛õ!Ó˚!ã˛ï˛ •Î˚– ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÎ˚ ã˛yÓ˚!ê˛ çyÎ˚àyÎ˚ ˆüÌ!í˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚ üy!§Ü˛ ü%á˛õe
˛õ%Ó˚◊# !öÎ˚!üï˛ ˛õí˛Yö
òyü üye 5 ê˛yܲy
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy
44
fliy!˛õï˛ •Î˚ÈÙÙÙÙȈÎy Óyö≈ ˆüˆÏüy!Ó˚Î˚y° ˆüÌ!í˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛ñ ˆ§rê˛∆y° ˆüÌ!í˛fiê˛
~!˛õ§ˆÏܲy˛õy° ã˛yã≈˛ñ §òÓ˚ !flTê… ˛ ã˛yã≈˛ñ ħüu˛ ˆüˆÏüy!Ó˚Îy˚ ° ã˛yã≈˛– ˆ¢ˆÏ£yÏ _´
ã˛yˆÏã≈˛ fl∫Î˚Ç ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ Ó˚yüÜ,˛£è ~ˆÏ§ ≤Ãû%˛ !Î÷Ó˚ xyÓ˚yôöy ܲˆÏÓ˚!åȈϰö–
xyÓ˚ ~ܲ≤ÃܲyÓ˚ ˜Ó!¢‹Tƒ˛õ)î≈ ã˛yã≈˛ •° Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛– ÓyÇ°yÎ˚
í˛z•z!°Î˚yü ˆÜ˛Ó˚# §Ó≈≤ÃÌü Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛ fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ÓyÇ°y ~ÓÇ
§Çfl,Òï˛ û˛y£ÏyÎ˚ ˛õ![˛ï˛ ˆÜ˛Ó˚#§yˆÏ•Ó ≤ÃÌü !Ó!˛õö!Ó•yÓ˚# àyD%!° !flT…ˆÏê˛
~•z Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ !ü¢ö fliy˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– ˆ≤ÃyˆÏê˛fiê˛yrê˛ §¡±òyÎ˚ ˆÌˆÏܲ•z ~•z
Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ü ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ– Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ü @ˇÃ•ˆÏîÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ ≤Ã̈Ïü ˆ§•z Óƒ!_´ˆÏܲ
˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚y˛õ%!Ó˚ ¢Ó˚#Ó˚ !û˛!çˆÏÎ˚ çˆÏ° fl¨yö ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •Î˚– §yÓ˚Ü%˛°yÓ˚ ˆÓ˚yˆÏí˛Ó˚
Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛ñ ~rê˛y!° Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛ñ ܲ!°D Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛ñ Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛
!ü¢öñ fiê%˛ˆÏí˛rê˛§ •°ñ ~•z ü•yöàÓ˚#Ó˚ í˛zˆÏÕ‘áˆÏÎyàƒ Óƒy˛õ!ê˛fiê˛ ã˛yã≈˛–
xyÓ˚ ~ܲ≤ÃܲyÓ˚ ã˛yˆÏã≈˛Ó˚ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ~•z Ó•zˆÏï˛ ˛õyÄÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ ˆ§ê˛y •°
xÌ≈í˛: ã˛yã≈˛– §¡õ)î≈ ˛õyÿ˛yï˛ƒ ≤Ãû˛yÓ ü%_´ñ ò!«˛î ~!¢Î˚yñ !ü¢Ó˚ ~ÓÇ
!@ˇÃˆÏ§Ó˚ !ܲå%È xLjϢÓ˚ fl∫ï˛sf ~ܲ ˆày¤˛#ñ ÎyÓ˚y ˛˛õ%ˆÏÓÓ˚ myÓ˚y ≤Ãû˛y!Óï˛
!á fiê˛Ó˚#!ï˛ ö#!ï˛Ó˚ xö%§Ó˚ܲ ~ÓÇ Óy•Ü˛– ~ˆÏòÓ˚ xÌ≈í˛: Ó°y •Î˚–
!§!Ó˚Î˚yö ~ÓÇ xÌ≈í˛: ò%!ê˛ ~ܲ•zÓ˚ܲü– ˆ°!öö §Ó˚!îˆÏï˛ xÓ!fliï˛
ˆ§rê˛ ˆüÓ˚#Ó˚ ˆçˆÏܲyÓy•zê˛ !§!Ó˚Î˚yö xÌ≈í˛: ã˛yã≈˛ñ ˆ§rê˛ ê˛üy§ xÌ≈í˛:
!§!Ó˚Î˚yö ã˛ƒyˆÏ˛õ°–
ü•yöàÓ˚#Ó˚ xyöyˆÏã˛ Ü˛yöyˆÏã˛ ~üö xˆÏöܲ ã˛yã≈˛ xyˆÏåÈ ÎyˆÏòÓ˚
çö§üˆÏ«˛ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ~•z Ó•z!ê˛ §y•y΃ ܲÓ˚ˆÏÓ– §!ã˛e Úã˛yˆÏã≈˛§ •zö
ܲƒy°Ü˛yê˛yÛ xÓ¢ƒ•z ~ܲ!ê˛ §Ç@ˇÃ•ˆÏÎyàƒ Ó•z– ˆ°áܲ ˛õ#Î)£Ïܲy!hsˇ Ó˚yÎ˚
˛õyë˛Ü˛ˆÏܲ ~üö ~ܲ!ê˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ºüˆÏî §y•y΃ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈöñ ˆÎ üyö§ ºüî
˛õyë˛Ü˛ˆÏܲ !öˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏÓ ~ܲ xçyöy çàˆÏï˛–
ã˛yˆÏã≈˛§ •zö ܲƒy°Ü˛yê˛yñ ˛õ#Î)£Ïܲy!hsˇ Ó˚yÎ˚ñ !°ˆÏû˛rê˛ Ó%ܲ§– q
ï˛Ìƒ Ä çö§ÇˆÏÎyà !Óû˛yà
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
 xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ û˛y£Ïy !òӈϧÓ˚ xö%¤˛yˆÏö !Ó!¢‹T =î#çöˆÏòÓ˚ §ˆÏD ü%áƒüsf# üüï˛y ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚–
xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy !òÓ§
2 1 ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy !òӈϧ û˛y£Ïy ¢!•òˆÏòÓ˚
~ÓÇ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ ◊k˛yK˛y˛õö ܲˆÏÓ˚ ò!«˛î ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ˆò¢!≤ÃÎ˚
˛õyˆÏÜ≈˛ ~ܲ â)î≈yÎ˚üyö û˛y£Ïy üˆÏM˛ÈÓ˚ í˛zˆÏmyôö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚
ü%áƒüsf# üüï˛y ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚– í˛zˆÏmyôö •° xyÓ˚Ä ~ܲ ≤Ãò¢≈ö#Ó˚–
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliyñ Ó˚yçƒ §Ó˚ܲyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ï˛Ìƒ Ä §Çfl,Ò!ï˛ !Óû˛yàñ
˛õ!ÿ˛üÓD §yÇfl,Ò!ï˛Ü˛ üˆÏM˛ÈÓ˚ §üˆÏÓï˛ í˛zˆÏòƒyˆÏà Ó˚*˛õy!Î˚ï˛ ~•z ◊k˛y
fløÓ˚î xö%¤˛yˆÏö üˆÏM˛È í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !Ó!û˛ß¨ !Ó!¢‹T Óƒ!_´ˆÏcÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛ ï%˛ˆÏ°
ˆòÄÎ˚y •° û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ≤Ãï˛#ܲ ˆŸ’ê˛ñ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆòÄÎ˚y •° í˛z_Ó˚#Î˚–
xy•¥yÎ˚ܲ !¢“# ÷û˛y≤çߨ åÈyí˛¸yÄ í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö !mˆÏçö
ü%%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ !öü≈°y !ü◊ñ Óö◊# ˆ§ö=Æñ çÎ˚ ˆàyfl∫yü#ñ xÓ˚&î
û˛yò%!í˛¸ñ ÄhflÏyò Ó˚!¢ò áyöñ ¢yhsˇö% Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%!Ó˚ñ ˜§Ü˛ï˛ !üeñ •zwyî#
ˆ§öñ x!˛õ≈ï˛y ˆây£Ïñ ˛õyÌ≈ ˆây£Ï ≤Ãü%á !Ó!¢‹Tçö– í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö
Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ çöfl∫yfliƒ ܲy!Ó˚à!Ó˚ üsf# §%Ó ï˛ ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ !Ó!û˛ß¨ §yǧò
Ä !ÓôyÎ˚ܲñ ü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ ˆ¢yû˛ö ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈ñ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ xôƒ«˛ §!Fã˛òyö®
Óƒyöy!ç≈ñ í˛z˛õÈÙÈü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ ú˛yÓ˚çyöy xy°üñ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò
Ä xyÓ˚Ä xˆÏöˆÏܲ–
û˛y£Ïy ¢!•òˆÏòÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ ◊k˛yÓ˚ ≤Ãï˛#ܲ û˛y£Ïy flø,!ï˛ hflÏΩ˛ àï˛
ÓåÈÓ˚ ~•z !òˆÏö !öˆÏçÓ˚ §yǧò ï˛•!ӈϰÓ˚ xˆÏÌ≈ àˆÏí˛¸ ĈÏë˛ ~ÓÇ
~Ó˚ í˛zò‰âyê˛ö xö%¤˛yˆÏö í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö ï˛Íܲy°#ö ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ ˆÓ˚°üsf#
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012
ï˛Ìy Óï≈˛üyˆÏö Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ ü%áƒüsf# üüï˛y ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚– ~•z !òö
üD°ò#˛õ ≤Ãçµ°ö Ä ˛õ%‹õyâ≈ƒ x˛õ≈ˆÏîÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü !öˆÏÓ!òï˛ •° ◊k˛yó
í˛zˆÏmyôö •° öï%˛ö §,!‹TÓ˚– Ó_´Óƒ Ó˚yˆÏáö Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ çöfl∫yfliƒ
ܲy!Ó˚à!Ó˚ üsf#ñ ÷û˛y≤çߨñ !mˆÏçö ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ Ó˚Ó#wû˛yÓ˚ï˛#Ó˚
í˛z˛õyã˛yÎ≈ !ã˛ß√Î˚ =•ñ ˛õ![˛ï˛ xÓ˚&î û˛yò%!í˛¸ñ Ó˚!¢ò áyöñ !öü≈°y !ü◊ñ
!Óû˛y§ ã˛e´Óï≈˛# ≤Ãü%á xyÓ˚Ä xˆÏöˆÏܲ– ܲ!Óï˛y ˛õyë˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ö çÎ˚
ˆàyfl∫yü#ñ x!˛õ≈ï˛y ˆây£Ïñ ˛õyÌ≈ ˆây£Ï ≤Ãü%á– §Çà#ï˛ ˛õ!Ó˚ˆÏÓ¢ö ܲˆÏÓ˚ö
!mˆÏçö ü%ˆÏáy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ xÓ˚&î û˛yò%!í˛¸ñ !öü≈°y !ü◊ñ ˜§Ü˛ï˛ !üeñ Óö◊#
ˆ§ö=Æñ ¢yhsˇö% Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%!Ó˚ ≤Ãü%á çö–
~Ü%˛ˆÏ¢ ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚– xyüyÓ˚ û˛yˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ Ó˚ˆÏ_´ Ó˚yäyˆÏöy– ˆ§!òö
˛õ,!ÌÓ#Ó˚ üy!ê˛ °y° •ˆÏÎ˚ !àˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° çÓùyÓ˚ ≤Ãü%á û˛y£Ïy ¢!•òˆÏòÓ˚
Ó˚ˆÏ_´– üyÌy öyüyˆÏï˛ Óyôƒ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° !ÓÓ˚&k˛ ¢!_´– xӈϢˆÏ£Ï çÎ˚àyö
ˆây!£Ïï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ° üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚– ˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# ܲyˆÏ° ~•z ï˛yͲõÎ≈üÎ˚ !òö
fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ ˆ˛õ° xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛ üyï,˛û˛y£Ïy !òÓ§ !•ˆÏ§ˆÏÓ– ~ !òö ï˛y•z
!Ó!û˛ß¨ í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ çˆÏöÓ˚ §ˆÏD §üˆÏÓï˛ §Çà#ˆÏï˛ xÇ¢ !öˆÏ°ö
Ó˚yˆÏçƒÓ˚ ü%áƒüsf# û˛y£Ïy ˆã˛ï˛öyÓ˚ ~ܲ xüÓ˚ x«˛Î˚ Ó¶˛ˆÏöÈÙÙÙÙÈ
~ܲï˛yÓ˚ §%ˆÏÓ˚–
§%Ó ï˛ ü%áy!ç≈ ӈϰöñ ~ ~ܲ xy°yòy fl∫#Ü,˛!ï˛ñ ~ܲ xy°yòy
üyö!§Ü˛ï˛y– xô%öy ÓyÇÈ°yˆÏò¢ ~ÓÇ !¢°ã˛ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ xydï˛ƒyà
45
fløÓ˚î#Î˚– üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛ üüc Ä =Ó˚&c
xö%û˛Ó ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ §üÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ– !ï˛!ö öï%˛ö
≤ÃçˆÏß√Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ ï%˛ˆÏ° ôÓ˚yÓ˚
=Ó˚&c !ÓÓ,ï˛ Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰöñ §Ó !¢«˛y ÷ô%
üye ã˛yܲ!Ó˚Ó˚ çöƒ öÎ˚– ˆÜ˛yöÄ !ܲå%È•z
üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ Óyò !òˆÏÎ˚ öÎ˚– ~ˆÏܲ ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚
ü!îÓ˚ üï˛ Ó˚«˛y ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ~ܲçö û˛y°
Óyäy!° •ˆÏÎ˚ ~ܲçö û˛y° û˛yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ •ˆÏ°
ï˛ˆÏÓ •ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ xyhsˇç≈y!ï˛Ü˛–
÷û˛y≤çߨ û˛y£Ïy flø,!ï˛ üM˛È ~ÓÇ ~•z
Óï≈˛üyö â)î≈yÎ˚üyö üˆÏM˛ÈÓ˚ §,!‹TÓ˚ ˆ≤ë˛y˛õê˛ñ
ü%áƒüsf#Ó˚ xÓòyö Ä §•ˆÏÎy!àï˛yñ üˆÏM˛ÈÓ˚
í˛z˛õˆÏÓƒy
Îy!àï˛y ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛ xyˆÏ°yã˛öy ܲˆÏÓ˚ö–
!ã˛ß√Î˚ =• Óï≈˛üyˆÏö ÓyÇ°y û˛y£ÏyÓ˚
§B˛ˆÏê˛Ó˚ ܲÌy ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰöñ xyç
xyd≤ÃܲyˆÏ¢Ó˚ !òöñ xyd˛õ!Ó˚ã˛ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !òö–
!ï˛!ö ӈϰöñ Óï≈˛üyˆÏö û˛y£Ïy ˆã˛ï˛öyÓ˚ ü®y
ã˛°ˆÏåÈ– !ï˛!ö !ӈϟª ÓyÇ°y û˛y£ÏyÓ˚ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈
fliyö !öˆÏò≈¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰöñ Óï≈˛üyˆÏöÓ˚
≤Ã!ï˛Ü)˛° xÓfliy ܲy!ê˛ˆÏÎ˚ ã˛ã≈˛y Óyí˛¸yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ
üyï,˛û˛y£yÓ˚–
xÓ˚&î û˛yò%!í˛¸ Ü,˛ï˛K˛ï˛y ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚
!Ó!û˛ß¨ ÓyÇ°yû˛y£Ï# üö#£Ï#ˆÏòÓ˚ í˛zˆÏÕ‘á ܲˆÏÓ˚
˛õÓ˚Óï≈˛# ≤ÃçˆÏß√Ó˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ =Ó˚&c ï%˛ˆÏ°
ôÓ˚yÓ˚ xy•¥yö çyöyö–
Ó˚!¢ò áyö ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ §ˆÏD ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ò#â≈
~ܲydï˛yÓ˚ ܲÌy ï%˛ˆÏ° ôˆÏÓ˚ö–
!Óû˛y§ ã˛e´Óï≈˛# ӈϰöñ üyï,˛û˛y£ÏyÓ˚
üyôƒˆÏüÄ !ÓˆÏò!¢ û˛y£Ïy ˆ¢áy ÎyÎ˚– ~Ó˚
çöƒ !öˆÏçÓ˚ û˛y£ÏyˆÏܲ û%˛ˆÏ° ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚
≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö ˆö•z–
£Ï¤˛ •zÇÓ˚y!ç üyôƒü !Óòƒy°Î˚
˛õÑy ã˛!ê˛ •zÇÓ˚y!ç üyôƒü ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ
!Óòƒy°Î˚ ã˛y°% •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆàˆÏåÈ– ~•z
≤ÃܲˆÏ“ 1 üyã≈˛ £Ï¤˛ ˛õy°Ü˛!ê˛ ç%í˛¸°– 22~
ˆÓ!öÎ˚yˆÏê˛y°y !flT…ˆÏê˛ xyÓ˚Ä ~ܲ!ê˛ •zÇÓ˚y!ç
üyôƒü ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ≤ÃyÌ!üܲ !Óòƒy°ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚
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§üyçû˛Óö Ú«˛!îܲy°Î˚Û

ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚ ˆê˛!°ˆÏú˛yö í˛y•zˆÏÓ˚Q!Ó˚ÈÙÈ2012 ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲÓ˚ˆÏåÈö ü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ ˆ¢yû˛ö ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈ñ §ˆÏD

Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö í˛z˛õÈÙÈü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ ú˛yÓ˚çyöy xy°üñ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò ˆòÓy¢#£Ï Ü%˛üyÓ˚ñ Ó˚yç#Ó ˆòÓñ
¢ •Ó˚ Óyí˛¸ˆÏåÈ– Óyí˛¸ˆÏåÈ çö§Çáƒy–
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~çüy!° §yˆÏÓ!ܲ Óy!í˛¸ˆÏï˛ åÈyˆÏò xÌÓy
ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ü•yôƒ«˛ xî≈Ó Ó˚yÎ˚ñ Î%@¬ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ü•yôƒ«˛ Sí˛zÉV ¢•#ò%° •z§°yü ≤Ãü%á– !Ó¢y° xy!äöyÎ˚ í˛zͧÓñ ˛õ)çy˛õyÓ≈î
136 ˛õ,¤˛yÓ˚ •yÕÒy Óyòy!ü Ó˚ˆÏäÓ˚ ~•z ˛õy°ˆÏöÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliy– üyö%£Ï ~áö ï˛yÍ«˛!îܲ
ˆê˛!°ÈÙÈí˛y•zˆÏÓ˚Q!Ó˚ÈÙÙÈ2012 •yí≈˛ ˆÓyí≈˛ ÓÑyôy•z Ó•z!ê˛ˆÏï˛ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛y çÓ˚&!Ó˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yçö ˆüê˛yˆÏï˛ Óyôƒ •Î˚
ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy §Ç!Ÿ’‹T §ühflÏ ˆú˛yö ö¡∫Ó˚ í˛zͧÓÈÙÈà,• ï˛Ìy §üyçû˛Óö û˛yí˛¸y ܲˆÏÓ˚–
ˆÜ˛ w#Î˚ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚û˛ÓˆÏö ü•yöyà!Ó˚ˆÏܲÓ˚˛
ܲˆÏ«˛ñ ˆÓ¢ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲ ÓåÈÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚ 29
ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ xyÓyÓ˚ öÓܲˆÏ°ÓˆÏÓ˚ xyd≤Ãܲy¢
åÈyí˛¸yÄ xöƒyöƒ Ó‡ =Ó˚&c˛õ)î≈ Óƒ!_´ Óy ˆÓ!¢Ó˚ û˛yà ˆ«˛ˆÏe•z ~•z §Ó í˛zͧÓÈÙÈà,•

ܲÓ˚° ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚ ˆê˛!°ˆÏú˛yö

í˛y•zˆÏÓ˚Q!Ó˚ÈÙÈ2012– ~•z !òö ≤ÃÌü
í˛y•zˆÏÓ˚Q!Ó˚Ó˚ xyö%¤˛y!öܲ í˛zˆÏmyôö ܲˆÏÓ˚
í˛z˛õÈÙÈü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ ú˛yÓ˚çyöy xy°ˆÏüÓ˚ •yˆÏï˛
ï%˛ˆÏ° !òˆÏ°ö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ
ˆ¢yû˛ö ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈– í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö ˆüÎ˚Ó˚
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Ó˚yç#Ó ˆòÓ S!öܲy!¢Vñ í˛y. ¢¢# ˛õÑyçy
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Ä §yüy!çܲ ˆ«˛eVñ ï˛yÓ˚ܲ !§Ç S!ê˛í˛zÓÈÙÈ
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Ó˚yÎ˚ˆÏã˛Ôô%!Ó˚ñ ï˛Ìƒ Ä çö§ÇˆÏÎyà !Óû˛yà#Î˚ §üyçû˛Óö Ú«˛!îܲy°Î˚ÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ í˛zˆÏmyôˆÏö û˛y£ÏîÓ˚ï˛ ü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ ˆ¢yû˛ö ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈– üˆÏM˛È Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈö
§Ç!Ÿ’‹T xy!ôܲy!Ó˚ܲ Ä xöƒyöƒ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ fl∫yfliƒ òƈÏÓ˚Ó˚ Ó˚y‹T…üsf# §%ò#˛õ ӈϮƒy˛õyôƒyÎ˚ñ !ÓôyÎ˚ܲ ˛õˆÏÓ˚¢ ˛õy°ñ ÓˆÏÓ˚y xôƒ«˛ fl∫˛õö
xy!ôܲy!Ó˚ܲ ≤Ãü%á– §üyjyÓ˚ñ §Ç!Ÿ’‹T ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôàî ≤Ãü%á–

48 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012

Sܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛ •°V §yôƒyï˛#ï˛ û˛yí˛¸yÎ˚ !öˆÏï˛
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û˛yí˛¸y !öˆÏï˛ Óyôƒ •ö Ä•z §Ó áÓ˚ã˛§yˆÏ˛õ«˛
í˛zͧÓÈÙÈà,• Óy §üyçû˛Óö Sܲ!üí˛z!ö!ê˛
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Äë˛yÓ˚ ˆ≤ë˛y˛õê˛ñ !öü≈yˆÏîÓ˚ xÌ≈ §Çfliyöñ
ÓƒÓ•yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ çöƒ ˆòÎ˚ öyüüye û˛yí˛¸y ≤Ãû,˛!ï˛
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!åȈϰö– !ï˛!ö ïÑ˛yˆÏòÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚ ˆ¢:!˛õÎ˚yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
öyê˛Ü˛ ܲÓ˚yˆÏ°ö– !ï˛!ö üM˛Èfli ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö
˙!ï˛•y!§Ü˛ Ä §yüy!çܲ í˛z˛õyáƒyö– ˆ˛õÔÓ˚

~!àˆÏÎ˚ ~ˆÏ§ˆÏåÈ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy– àˆÏí˛¸ ü•yܲ!Ó !à!Ó˚¢ã˛w

ï%˛ˆÏ°ˆÏåÈ §yôyÓ˚ˆÏîÓ˚ áÓ˚ˆÏã˛Ó˚ xyÎ˚ˆÏ_Ó˚ üˆÏôƒ
§%®Ó˚ §%®Ó˚ §üyçû˛Óö– 5 üyã≈˛ xyÓyÓ˚
ö#°ÈÙȧyòy Ó˚ˆÏä §y!çˆÏÎ˚ xyÓ˚Ä ~ܲ
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30 ö¡∫Ó˚ ÄÎ˚yˆÏí≈˛ S34 í˛zˆÏ˛õwã˛w Óƒyöy!ç≈
ˆÓ˚yí˛ñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y 700054V §Ç§ò#Î˚
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í˛zˆÏmyôö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ
ˆ¢yû˛ö ã˛ƒyê˛y!ç≈– ~•z xyö%¤˛y!öܲ í˛zˆÏmyôö
˛õˆÏÓ≈ í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö !ÓôyÎ˚ܲ ˛õˆÏÓ˚¢ ˛õy°ñ
§Ç!Ÿ’‹T ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ô ï˛Ìy ÓˆÏÓ˚y xôƒ«˛
fl∫˛õö §üyjyÓ˚ñ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ô xü°
ã˛e´Óï≈˛#ñ ≤Ãܲy¢ í˛z˛õyôƒyÎ˚ ≤Ãü%á– ˆòyï˛°y
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ÓƒÓfliy– í˛zˆÏÕ‘áƒñ üyôƒ!üܲ •zï˛ƒy!ò ˛õÓ˚#«˛yÓ˚
ܲÌy üyÌyÎ˚ ˆÓ˚ˆÏá í˛zˆÏmyôö# xö%¤˛yˆÏö
¢∑§#üy !Ó!ô ˛õy°ö ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ çöƒ ÓƒÓ•yÓ˚
ܲÓ˚y •ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏåÈ Ü˛ü ≤ÃyӈϰƒÓ˚ •yï˛ÈÙÈüy•zܲ–
ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ üsf#ñ ü•yöyà!Ó˚ܲ Ä ÓˆÏÓ˚y
xôƒ«˛ ≤Ãü%ˆÏáÓ˚ Ó_´ˆÏÓƒ í˛zˆÏë˛ xyˆÏ§ e´ü¢
ö#°ÈÙȧyòy Ó˚ˆÏä ˆÓ˚ˆÏä Äë˛y ü•yöàÓ˚#
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ !Ó!û˛ß¨ ˆ§Ô®Î≈yÎ˚öñ ~•z
öÓyÓ˚*˛õy!Î˚ï˛ Ü˛!üí˛z!ö!ê˛ •° Ú«˛!îܲy°Î˚ÛÈ
ÙÈ~Ó˚ üyôƒˆÏü üôƒ Ä !ö¡¨!Ó_ üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ §yô˛
˛õ)Ó˚ˆÏîÓ˚ ÓƒÓfliyñ ¢•ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ !òˆÏܲ !òˆÏܲ !Ó!û˛ß¨
§üyçû˛Óöñ §%°û˛ ˆ¢Ôã˛yàyÓ˚ñ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
ˆ§Ô®Î≈yÎ˚ˆÏö 100 !òˆÏöÓ˚ ≤ÃܲˆÏ“ ˆÓܲyÓ˚
Î%ÓܲÈÙÈÎ%Óï˛#ˆÏòÓ˚ §ÇÎ%!_´Ü˛Ó˚îñ í˛zߨÎ˚ˆÏöÓ˚
ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ 168ï˛ü
çß√!òӈϧ ◊k˛yâ≈ƒ
!öˆÏÓòö ܲÓ˚°
ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§Çfliy–
í˛z_Ó˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚
ÓyàÓyçyˆÏÓ˚ xÓ!fliï˛
!à!Ó˚¢û˛ÓˆÏö 28
ˆú˛Ó &Î˚y!Ó˚ xyˆÏÎ˚y!çï˛
~ܲ xö%¤˛yˆÏö
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Ä ˛õ%‹õhflÏÓܲ x˛õ≈î
ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y
ˆ˛õÔÓ˚§ÇfliyÓ˚ xôƒ«˛
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˛õ%‹õhflÏÓܲ !òˆÏÎ˚
xhsˇˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ◊k˛y
!öˆÏÓòö ܲÓ˚ˆÏ°ö
!ÓôyÎ˚ܲ ï˛Ìy ˆüÎ˚Ó˚
˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò S!¢«˛yV í˛y.
¢¢# ˛õÑyçyñ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚
≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ô üO%◊#
!à!Ó˚¢ã˛w ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ü)!ï≈˛Ó˚ ˛õyòˆÏòˆÏ¢ ◊k˛y !öˆÏÓòˆÏö ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ xôƒ«˛
ˆã˛Ôô%!Ó˚ñ ˛õyÌ≈ !üe
§!Fã˛òyö® Óƒyöy!ç≈ ~ÓÇ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ô üO%◊# ˆã˛Ôô%Ó˚# ≤Ãü%á–
~ÓÇ ˛õ%‹õy!° !§ö•y–
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Óy›Ü˛yÓ˚ñ §•ÈÙÈÓy›Ü˛yÓ˚ñ ï˛Ìƒ Ä Ü˛Ó˚yÓ˚ §ˆÏD §ˆÏD í˛z_Ó˚ ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚
çö§ÇˆÏÎyà !Óû˛yà#Î˚ §Ç!Ÿ’‹T xy!ôܲy!Ó˚ܲ ˆ≤ë˛yà,•=!° í˛zˆÏë˛ ÎyÄÎ˚yÓ˚ Óƒy˛õyˆÏÓ˚
≤Ãü%á– í˛z˛õ!fliï˛ !åȈϰö fliyö#Î˚ üyö%£Ï– xy¢B˛y ≤Ãܲy¢ ܲˆÏÓ˚ö– !ï˛!ö ӈϰöñ !à!Ó˚¢
§!Fã˛òyö® Óƒyöy!ç≈ ӈϰöñ ü•yܲ!ÓÈÙÈ û˛Óö xӈϕ!°ï˛ •!FåÈ°– Óï≈˛üyö
öyê˛ƒÜ˛yÓ˚ !à!Ó˚¢ã˛w ˆâyˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ~•z çß√!òÓ§ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚ˆÏÓyí≈˛ ˆüÎ˚Ó˚ ˛õy!Ó˚£Ïò ~ÓÇ ˆ˛õÔÓ˚
˛õy°ö ~Ü ï˛yͲõÎ≈üÎ˚ xö%¤˛yö– xˆÏô≈®% ≤Ã!ï˛!ö!ôˆÏòÓ˚ üyôƒˆÏü ~Ó˚ §ÇflÒyÓ˚ Ä
ü%hflÏy!ú˛Ó˚ xÓòyö üˆÏö ˆÓ˚ˆÏáÄ Ó°y ÎyÎ˚ Ó˚«˛îyˆÏÓ«˛îˆÏܲ í˛zߨï˛ï˛Ó˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏåÈ–
ÓyÇ°y öyê˛Ü˛ˆÏܲ §yôyÓ˚î üyö%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ ܲyˆÏåÈ í˛y. ¢¢# ˛õÑyçy ӈϰöñ xyç xyüÓ˚y
xyöˆÏ°ö !à!Ó˚¢ã˛w ˆây£Ï– ~Ó˚ xyˆÏà !à!Ó˚¢ã˛w ˆây£ÏˆÏܲ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ çß√!òˆÏö ◊k˛y
öyê˛ˆÏܲÓ˚ fl∫yò ÷ô%üye !¢!«˛ï˛ Óy ôö#ˆÏòÓ˚ çyöyˆÏöyÓ˚ çöƒ §üˆÏÓï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!åÈ– !ï˛!ö

ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012 49

xyüyˆÏòÓ˚ àÓ≈– !ï˛!ö ü!•°yˆÏòÓ˚ §yüˆÏö
ï%˛ˆÏ° ~ˆÏö!åȈϰö xyç ˆÌˆÏܲ Ó‡ ÓåÈÓ˚
xyˆÏà•z– !ï˛!ö ˆû˛ˆÏÓ!åȈϰö ܲ#û˛yˆÏÓ
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ܲ°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ ü•yöyà!Ó˚ˆÏܲÓ˚ òy!Î˚c

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50 ܲ°Ü˛yï˛y ˛õ%Ó˚◊# üyã≈˛ 2012