5G Beam Management

Contents Page

Basic beam management

3D coverage beam

Related Case
Overview of Beam Management
Definition of Beam Management
Beam management manages the scanning, reporting, and maintenance of static beams. This feature
improves cell coverage and reduces system overhead. The purpose of beam management is to select a
proper static beam for each channel.
Beamforming and beam management
A beamforming (beamforming, BF for short) is used to weight a transmitted signal to form a narrow
beam pointing to a UE or a specific direction. Beam management is required if the weight used for
beamforming is the preset weight. If the weighted value is a dynamic weight, beam management is not
required. For details about beamforming, see MIMO.
Channel Technology See the document.

Broadcast channel (PBCH and SS) Beam management Beam Management 4.1.1- Cell Broadcast
Channel Beam Management

Data channels (PDSCH and PUSCH) Beam Management + Beamforming •4.1.2- user-level Static Beam Management in
Control channels (PUCCH and PDCCH), CSI-RS, Beam Management
and TRS •MIMO
Beam management submodule
The NR broadcast beam is a narrow beam fixed in N
directions. Compared with LTE TDD, a wide broadcast
beam is used to cover the entire cell. NR uses narrow
Cell-level
beams in different directions at different moments to
beam
complete broadcast beam coverage of the cell, as shown
management
in the following figure. The UE scans each narrow beam
to obtain the optimal beam and completes
synchronization and system message demodulation.
Beam
management

User-level static beams are also designed into multiple

narrow beams. For the PUCCH, PUSCH, PDCCH,
User-level
PDSCH, and CSI-RS, the optimal narrow beam set
beam
must be selected first. Therefore, the UE needs to scan
management
these narrow beams to obtain an optimal beam set.
The gNodeB maintains the optimal beam set reported
by the UE and selects the optimal beam set for these
channels.
Note:
1. The current TRS beam belongs to a cell-level beam.
2. User-level beams cannot be adjusted on the customer interface.
 The static beam selection of
(PUCCH/PUSCH) for uplink channels is
performed through SRS measurement of
these static beams, and the RSRP of these
beams is sorted, and then the beam set
with the largest RSRP is selected for use
by these channels.
 The eNodeB uses SRS to measure the
RSRP of these static beams for
(PDCCH/PDSCH/CSI-RS/TRS) of
downlink channels, and selects the beam
set with the maximum RSRP (that is, the
optimal beam) for downlink channels.
Contents Page

Basic beam management

3D coverage beam

Related Case
 Catalogues
2. Stereoscopic coverage beam
2.1 Scenario-based broadcast beam
2.2 Tilt and azimuth adjustment
Scenario-based broadcast beam
Supports broadcast beam coverage in different scenarios, such as
building scenarios and square scenarios.

In the square scenario, wide beams are used at the In high-rise scenarios, vertical coverage is used to
cell center to ensure access. Narrow beams are used improve vertical coverage.
at the cell edge to improve coverage.

MM cell
Neighbor

The commercial area, with both square and tall In inter-cell interference scenarios, beams with
buildings, uses beams with large horizontal and narrow horizontal scanning scope can be used to
vertical coverage angles. avoid strong interference sources.
Broadcast Beam Protocol
NR control channels support narrow beams, improving
coverage.
All channels such as BCH, SCH, CSI-RS support
beamforming.
Compared with LTE wide beams, the control channel
coverage is significantly improved.

LTE PBCH
wide beam

NR beamforming and
scanning
NR broadcast channel:
 The Cband and 2.6G
frequency bands support a
maximum of eight beams.
 A maximum of 64 beams
Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3 Slot 4 can be scanned at a high
DL DL DL DL UL frequency.
Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

The NR beam scanning mechanism has the same maximum gain

when n broadcast beams are combined in different ranges under
narrow beam polling.
Scenario-based broadcast beam
You can configure the coverage scenario based on the site requirements.
The NRDUCellTrpBeam.CoverageScenario parameter specifies the coverage scenario. Configuration suggestions:
 It is recommended that this parameter be set to DEFAULT (Typical Three-Sector Networking).
 When the horizontal coverage requirement is high, the SCENARIO_1, SCENARIO_6, and SCENARIO_12 scenarios are recommended. The cell edge
can obtain higher beam gains and improve the coverage of the cell edge.
 When a fixed interference source exists at the cell edge, SCENARIO_2, SCENARIO_3, SCENARIO_7, SCENARIO_8, and SCENARIO_13 can be used
to narrow the horizontal coverage area and avoid interference.
 When only isolated buildings are used, the scenario SCENARIO_4, SCENARIO_5, SCENARIO_9, SCENARIO_10, SCENARIO_11, SCENARIO_14,
SCENARIO_15, and SCENARIO_16 are recommended. The horizontal coverage is small, which is not suitable for continuous networking.
 If only low-rise buildings are available, you can select SCENARIO_1~SCENARIO_5 from the Scenario drop-down list box.
 If a middle-level building exists, you can select it from the scenario SCENARIO_6~SCENARIO_11.
 If a high-rise building exists, you can select it from the scenario SCENARIO_12~SCENARIO_16.
If you want the base station to cover a floor of less than H (30m) and cover a horizontal range of less than B (30m),
perform the following steps to calculate the scenario ID to be configured:

Step1. Calculate the vertical scanning Step2. Calculate the horizontal

range of the beam. scanning range of the beam.
When D=70m, h=15m, and C=H-h=15m, When B=30m, D=70m, =25° can be
α=25° may be calculated. calculated.
According to the non-default coverage According to the non-default coverage
scenario of broadcast beams, the scenarios of broadcast beams, the
vertical 3 dB beamwidth of horizontal 3 dB beamwidth of
SCENARIO_12~SCENARIO_16 is 25°. SCENARIO_5, SCENARIO_10, and
SCENARIO_15 is 25°.

Step3. Use the intersection of scenario 1 and scenario 2, that is, SCENARIO_15 can meet both horizontal and vertical coverage requirements.

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Scenario-based broadcast beam
Different AAU models support different beam types. In addition to the DEFAULT scenario, the following scenarios are supported:
Coverage Horizontal 3 dB Vertical 3 dB Adjustable tilt
Coverage Scenario Scenario Introduction Azimuth adjustable range
Scenario ID beamwidth beamwidth range

SCENARIO_1 Square Scenario 110° 6° -2°~9° 0°

SCENARIO_2 Interference Scenario 90° 6° -2°~9° -10°~10°
In the horizontal direction, the coverage in the -22°~22°
SCENARIO_3 Interference Scenario 65° 6° -2°~9°
horizontal direction decreases. In the vertical direction, 8T 8H1V（RRU5258）：-10°~10°
the coverage corresponds to the lower buildings (the -32°~32°
SCENARIO_4 Building Scenario corresponding vertical 3 dB beamwidth is 6°). 45° 6° -2°~9°
8T 8H1V（RRU5258）：-22°~22°

-42°~42°
SCENARIO_5 Building Scenario 25° 6° -2°~9°
8T 8H1V（RRU5258）：-32°~32°
Middle building + Square
SCENARIO_6 110° 12° 0°~6° 0°
Scenario
Middle building + Interference In the horizontal direction, the coverage in the
SCENARIO_7 90° 12° 0°~6° -10°~10°
Scenario
horizontal direction decreases. In the vertical direction,
Middle building + Interference
SCENARIO_8
Scenario
the coverage corresponds to the lower buildings (the 65° 12° 0°~6° -22°~22°
SCENARIO_9 Middle building Scenario corresponding vertical 3 dB beamwidth is 12°). 45° 12° 0°~6° -32°~32°
SCENARIO_10 Middle building Scenario 25° 12° 0°~6° -42°~42°
SCENARIO_11 Middle building Scenario 15° 12° 0°~6° -47°~47°
SCENARIO_12 High building + Square Scenario 110° 25° 6° 0°
High building + Interference
SCENARIO_13 In the horizontal direction, the coverage in the 65° 25° 6° -22°~22°
Scenario
horizontal direction decreases. In the vertical direction, -32°~32°
SCENARIO_14 High building Scenario the coverage corresponds to the lower buildings (the 45° 25° 6°
32T 16H2V（AAU5324）：-22°~22°
corresponding vertical 3 dB beamwidth is 25°). -42°~42°
SCENARIO_15 High building Scenario 25° 25° 6°
32T 16H2V（AAU5324）：-32°~32°
SCENARIO_16 High building Scenario 15° 25° 6° -47°~47°
 Catalogues
2. Stereoscopic coverage beam
2.1 Scenario-based broadcast beam
2.2 Tilt and azimuth adjustment
Broadcast beam tilt and azimuth
To reduce the difficulty of site selection planning and site optimization, reduce optimization costs and coordination costs. The downtilt and azimuth can be adjusted remotely.
By setting the tilt angle and azimuth adjustment angle, you can adjust the tilt and azimuth of narrow beams on the broadcast channel based on the 1°.

In scenarios with severe interference from neighboring cells, the tilt and azimuth can be adjusted so that beams are directed to users in the local cell, reducing the coverage of
neighboring cells. In addition, the tilt angle and azimuth adjustment can achieve more beam directions, meet different coverage requirements, and implement flexible
networking.
Preset azimuth In the non-preset
Preset downtilt, The beam gain
direction, maximum azimuth direction, the
maximum beam gain decreases when the
beam gain gain of some beams
downtilt is not preset.
decreases.

If the vertical scanning range has reached the upper limit (scenario 12-16), tilt adjustment is not supported.

Azimuth adjustment is not supported in scenarios where the horizontal scanning scope has reached the upper limit (scenarios 0, 1, 6, and 12).

Determine the degree of tilt and azimuth adjustment based on the parameter settings on the GUI. Then, this parameter is used to bring the guide vector, and the guide vector
is multiplied by the initial weight matrix to obtain the final guide vector and send it to the baseband.

Note: The tilt adjustment provides only the maximum adjustment capability. After the adjustment, the sidelobe suppression mechanism may be insufficient. The adjustment
range varies according to the specific requirements. If the upper side lobe meets the 12 dB suppression requirement, the downtilt of the preset 6° is used as the reference.
The vertical 6° beam, the digital RET adjustment capability is 8°, and the compression capability is 3°. That is:

• In the scenario with vertical 6°, that is, scenario 1-5, the tilt adjustment range is -2°~9°.

• In the scenario with vertical 12°, that is, scenario 6-11, the downtilt adjustment range is -0°~6°.
Beam adjustment case
After the MML Script is executed, download the MML command execution result and check whether the
parameter configuration does not take effect because the AAU is not supported.