ANSWER VIOLATION (if incorrect)

1. All animals are

substances;
but all frogs are
animals; CORRECT
therefore, all frogs are
substances.
2. All cows are animals;
but no horses are cows;
CORRECT
therefore, no horses are
animals.
3. Murder is sinful;
Rule # 8:
but abortion is murder;
INCORRECT At least one Premise must be
therefore, abortion is
universal
sinful.
4. Contradictories are
opposites;
but black and white are Rule # 2:
opposites; T (contradictories) should occur
INCORRECT
therefore, black and as predicate in both Conclusion
white are and in the Major Premise.
contradictories.

5. All mammals have

lungs;
Rule # 2:
but most fish do not
T (mammals) should occur as
have lungs; INCORRECT
predicate in both Conclusion
therefore, most fish are
and in the Major Premise.
not mammal.

6. No dog is a man; Rule # 6:

But Fido is not a man; Combined Affirmative and
INCORRECT
Therefore, Fido is a dog. Negative Premise must have
Negative Conclusion.
7. Democracies are free;
But some of the
governments of the
Middle ages were not CORRECT
democracies;
Therefore, some of the
governments of the
 middle ages were not
free.
8. All mammals are
viviparous, Rule # 2:
But whales are T (viviparous) should occur as
INCORRECT
viviparous, predicate in both Conclusion
Therefore, whales are and in the Major Premise.
mammals.
9. Those who are not sick
may go,
But Johnny is not sick; CORRECT
Therefore, Johnny may
go.
10. No dog is not an animal; Rule # 7:
But no hound is not a Both premises are negative and
dog; INCORRECT not equivalently affirmative,
Therefore, all hounds therefore, no Conclusion must
are animals. be made.