Chapter 11 Questions 1, 3 and 4

1.The lymph nodes ensure constant filtration and surveillance of body fluids, removing
foreign or dangerous materials. They are essential to the body’s immune response.
The thymus gland is the final site of leucocyte development before birth and is
responsible for the secretion of hormones after birth, which enables lymphocytes to
develop into mature T cells.
Tonsils function as protection against bacterial infections in the area of the openings
between the nasal and oral cavities.
The spleen functions in body defense - macrophages remove microorganisms in the
blood, monocytes and lymphocytes mature in the spleen. Before birth, erythrocytes are
formed in the spleen; old red blood cells and platelets are broken down and recycled in
the spleen; and finally, the spleen serves as a large reservoir for blood, which can be
quickly returned to the circulatory system if needed.

3.Hodgkin’s lymphoma is characterized by T lymphocyte and Reed Sternberg cells and

painless non tender cervical lymph nodes; it spreads to adjacent lymph nodes.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is characterized by multiple involvement of scattered lymph
nodes.
Multiple myeloma is characterized by plasma cells (B lymphocytes) in the bone marrow,
multiple tumors in vertebrae, skull, ribs, pain, and pathologic fractures.

4.The two types of Castleman disease are unicentric and multicentric. The unicentric type
involves a single lymph node with more local effects and is usually more easily treated
with surgery. The multicentric type involves multiple lymph nodes, displaying more
serious systemic manifestations; surgery is not a practical treatment because multiple sites
are involved.