Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the procedures and methods that the

researchers will be utilized within the conduct of the study

towards the attainment of the objectives. This includes the

research design, sampling technique, respondents, instruments and

the research study procedural statistical treatment of the data

I. RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers will use descriptive qualitative

research design which aims at discovering the perceptions

of the respondents of how they feel about the questions

involving the causes of poor academic performance of

students and the importance of parent’s involvement in

their education. According to Subong and Beldia, (2005),

a descriptive research method involves collection of data

to answer questions concerning the current status of the

study. To Best, (1990), the descriptive method describes

what is and allows an in-depth analysis of conditions

being looked into.

II. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

In conducting research, selecting the appropriate

sampling technique is crucial to ensure that the study's

objectives are effectively addressed. For this thesis,

the purposive sampling technique has been employed to

select participants who possess specific characteristics

or meet specific criteria relevant to the research

objectives. Purposive sampling allows for a focused and

intentional selection of individuals who can provide

valuable insights into the phenomenon under

investigation, in this case, the poor academic

performance of Grade 7 students at Perpetual Help

National High School in Iriga City.

It is important to note that while purposive sampling

allows for a targeted selection of participants, it may

introduce potential biases and limit the generalizability

of the findings. However, the researchers will mitigate

these limitations by clearly defining the criteria for

participant selection, documenting the rationale for

their choices, and providing a thorough analysis of the

data collected.
 Purposive sampling was used in the choice of the

group 1 social work researchers of the University of

Northeastern Philippines. Random sampling technique was

used, since only a total of 40 students out of 100

students. Each individual is chosen entirely by chance

and each member of the population has an equal chance of

being included in the sample.

III. THE RESPONDENTS

The researchers choose to picked 40 student which

will be from grade 7 of Perpetual National High School

specifically, 12-13 years old. The respondents choose to

use teens as their respondents because teens are most

likely to experience poor academic performance.

Grade 7 Sections Overall

SPJ SSC Sampaguita Rose

Age (Years)

12 years old 6 5 5 6 22

13 years old 4 5 5 4 18

Total 40
IV. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researchers used questionnaire as an instrument

to gather the needed data for the student’s profile. The

draft of the questionnaire was based from the

researcher’s readings, previous studies, literature,

published and unpublished thesis which are relevant to

the study. In the preparation of the instrument, the

requirements in the designing of good data collection

instrument were considered. In this way, the instrument

is authorized to obtained valid responses of the

structured questionnaire is taken on several research

assumptions such as cost of being a least expensive means

of gathering data, avoidance of personal bias, less

pressure for immediate response, and giving the

respondents a greater feeling of confidentiality. In the

end, it encouraged open responses to sensitive issues at

hand. In addition, the instrument will be validated by

our professor before it laid on to the study.

 V. RESEARCH STUDY PROCEDURE

A research study procedure outlines the systematic

steps and timeline involved in conducting a research

project. It provides a structured framework to guide

researchers in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting

data. To visually represent the timeline and sequence of

activities, a Gantt chart is often used. This Gantt chart

introduction will highlight the key components of the

research study procedure and illustrate how a Gantt chart

can effectively organize and schedule these activities.

The research study procedure encompasses various

stages, including research design selection, ethical

considerations, instrument development, data collection,

data analysis, interpretation, and report writing. Each

stage plays a crucial role in ensuring the validity and

reliability of the research findings.

By utilizing a Gantt chart, researchers can visually map out the timeline of these activities,

identify dependencies between tasks, allocate resources efficiently, and monitor progress

throughout the research study. The Gantt chart provides a clear overview of the duration and

sequencing of each task, enabling researchers to effectively manage their time and resources.
 OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN

1.Identifyin
g the
problem
2.Checking
for chapter
1
3.Writing
chapter 2
and 3
4.Checking
for chapter
2 and 3
5.Preparing
letter and
questionnair
e
6.Conduct a
survey
questionnair
e
7.Tallied
tabulated
and plot the
data on the
table
8.Interpreti
ng the data

9.Checking
for Chapter
4 and 5
10.Editing
for Chapter
1 to 3
11.Editing
for Chapter
4 and 5
12.Checking
for all
chapter
13.Preparati
on for Final
defense
14.Final
defense
Furthermore, the Gantt chart serves as a communication

tool, allowing researchers to present a concise and

comprehensive timeline to stakeholders, supervisors, and

team members. It enhances collaboration and coordination

among the research team, ensuring everyone is aware of their

roles and responsibilities within the project.

FIGURE 4. Gantt chart for the Research Procedure

VI. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE DATA

The statistical treatment of the data in this thesis

involves employing various statistical methods and

techniques to analyze and interpret the collected data. The

statistical treatment aims to provide meaningful insights,

draw valid conclusions, and answer the research questions or

test the hypotheses formulated in the study. The first step

before going to the testing proper is to make a request

letter. Upon approval, the researcher retrieves the request

letter. In administering the questionnaire, the researcher

will use the time allotted for vacant to avoid distractions

of class discussions. The student responses will be given

enough time to answer the questions. After data gathering,

the researcher will now be collected it for tallying the

scores and to apply the statistical treatment to be used

with the study. Data Responses to the questionnaire by grade

seven high school students will be statistically analyzed

with the data requirements of the study.

 The specific statistical treatments applied to the data

include:

1. Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics will be used

to summarize and describe the collected data. Measures such

as means, medians, modes, standard deviations, and

percentages will be computed to provide a clear overview of

the data distribution, central tendency, and variability.

2. Inferential Statistics: Inferential statistics will be

employed to make inferences and draw conclusions about the

population based on the sample data collected. Techniques

such as hypothesis testing, chi-square analysis, correlation

analysis, and regression analysis may be used to determine

the relationships, associations, and significance of

variables or factors related to the poor academic

performance of Grade 7 students.

3. Data Analysis Software: Statistical software packages such

as SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences),

Excel, or other relevant software will be used to facilitate

data analysis. These software tools provide a range of

statistical functions, calculations, and graphical

representations to aid in the analysis process.

 4. Data Visualization: Data visualization techniques, such as

charts, graphs, and tables, will be used to present the

analyzed data effectively. Visual representations help in

presenting patterns, trends, and relationships in a concise

and understandable manner, enhancing the clarity and impact

of the findings.

5. Interpretation of Results: The results obtained from the

statistical analysis will be carefully interpreted to derive

meaningful conclusions. The findings will be discussed in

light of the research objectives, research questions, and

relevant literature to provide insights into the factors

contributing to poor academic performance among Grade 7

students.

It is important to note that the specific statistical treatments

applied may vary depending on the nature of the data collected,

the research design, and the research questions or hypotheses

formulated. The choice of statistical methods and techniques

should align with the research objectives and ensure the validity

and reliability of the study findings.