SUBMITTED BY

AMRITHA GHOSH.S
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
 Monomer molecules joined in units of long
polymer.

 It consist of large no. of repeating units known as

monomers

 The no. of repeating units in a chain of polymer is

known as degree of polymerization
Polymers

 Poly = many, mer = unit, many units Polymer science

is relatively a new branch of science . It deals with
chemistry physics and mechanical properties of
macromolecule .

 A polymer is a large molecule which is formed by

repeated linking of the small molecules called
“monomers”. OR polymer is organic substance made
up of many repeating units or building blocks of
molecules called mers.
Due to their complicated structures, diverse behaviours ,
and wide range of applications, polymers cannot be
categorized into a single group. So, using the following
criteria, we may categorize polymers.
Classification of Polymers based on the Source of
Availability
This category includes three different types: natural,
synthetic, and semi-synthetic polymers
Natural Polymers: These polymers are naturally present in
plants and animals. Proteins, starch, cellulose, and rubber are a
few examples. We also have biopolymers, which are
biodegradable polymers.
Semi-synthetic Polymers are created through further chemical
modification of naturally occurring polymers. For example,
cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate.
Synthetic Polymers: These polymers are created by humans.
The most popular and commonly used synthetic polymer is
plastic. It is utilized in many sectors and dairy products. Nylon-
6, poly ethers, etc., are a few examples.
 Polymer Classification Based on the
Structure of the Monomer Chain

 Linear Polymers: This category includes polymers with

long, straight chain structures. PVC, or polyvinyl chloride,
is a linear polymer commonly used to make pipes and
electrical wires.
 Branched-chain Polymers: Branched-chain polymers are
defined as those in which a polymer's linear chains produce
branches. For example, Low-density polyethene.
 Cross-linked Polymers: They are made up of bi
functional and tri functional monomers. Compared to
other linear polymers, their covalent bond is stronger.
Examples of this type of polymer include melamine and
bakelite.
 Characteristics of Polymers
 Low Density.
 Low coefficient of friction
 Good corrosion resistance.
 Good mould ability.
 Excellent surface finish can be obtained
 Economical.
 produced Poor tensile strength.
 Low mechanical properties.
 Poor temperature resistance.
 Can be produced transparent or in different
 Properties of Polymers
Reflective
Impact resistant
Tough
Brittle
Translucent
Malleable
Soft
Elastic
Inelastic
Insulative
 Applications of Polymers
 Polymeric materials are used in and on soil to improve
aeration, provide mulch, and promote plant growth and
health.
Medicine Many biomaterials; heart valve
replacements
blood vessels, are made of polymers like Dacron, Teflon
and polyurethane.
Plastic containers of all shapes and sizes are light weight
and economically less expensive than the more traditional
containers. Clothing floor coverings garbage disposal bags
 packaging are other polymer applications.
❖Many sectors use polypropene,
including textiles, packaging, stationery,
plastics, aircraft, construction, rope, toys,
etc..
❖One of the most popular plastics,
polystyrene, is widely used in packaging.
❖Some everyday items manufactured of
polystyrene include bottles, toys,
containers, trays, throwaway glasses and
plates,
❖ tv cabinets, and lids. In addition, it
serves as an insulator.
❖ Making sewage pipes is polyvinyl chloride's most
significant application. It serves as an insulator for
electrical wires as well.
In addition to making apparel and furnishings,
polyvinyl chloride is increasingly used to make doors
and windows.
❖ The production of adhesives, molds, laminated
sheets, unbreakable containers, etc., uses urea-
formaldehyde resins.
❖ Paints, coatings, and lacquers are made with glyptal.
❖ switches, kitchenware, toys, jewelry, guns, insulators,
computer discs, and other items are made of bakelite.