C.

TENSES
Tenses are a part of grammar as a supporting aspect for someone in learning English,
including vocabulary and pronunciation. The purpose of using tenses is to show the time an
activity takes place so that the listener or reader understands well the message being
conveyed.

1. Simple Present Tense

Basically, the simple present tense is one of the English tenses that is often used in
the preparation of English sentences. The reason is, the simple present tense in its use can
function to state facts (including scientific facts), habits or routines, and also events that are
happening at the present time. These sentences usually use adverbs in the form of always,
often, or usually.

The English tenses formula used to form simple present tense sentences is relatively
simple, namely:

Positive Sentences : Subject + Verb 1 (s/es) + O

Negative Sentences : Subject + Do not/Don’t/Does not/Doesn’t + Verb +

O

Interrogative Sentences : Do/Does/Don’t/Doesn’t + Subject + Verb + O

Example

+ : She studies simple present tense.

-: She does not study simple present tense

?: Does she study simple present tense?

2. Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense or what is often called the present progressive tense is an
English tense that is used to indicate an action or event that is happening at the time the
conversation is in progress. Apart from that, this present continuous tense can also be used
to make a plan or promise in the future. These sentences usually use marker adverbs such as
just now, right now, or at the moment.
 The English tenses formula used to form present continuous tense/present
progressive tense sentences are:

Positive Sentence : Subject + Am / Is / Are + Verb –ing + O

Negative Sentence : Subject + Am / Is / Are + NOT + Verb –ing + O

Interrogative Sentence: Am/is/are/Isn’t/aren’t + subject + Verb-ing + O

Example

+: I am speaking English now

-: I am not speaking English now

?: Am I speaking English now?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense can be said to be English tenses whose function is to show a
result. This tense is used to show that an event has just been completed, but is still related to
the present. Adverbs of time that are usually used are just, not yet, or already.

The English tenses formula used to form present perfect tense sentences is as
follows:

Positive Sentence : Subject + Has / Have + Verb 3 + O

Negative Sentence : Subject + Has / Have + NOT + Verb 3 + O
Interrogative Sentence: Has / Have/Haven’t/Hasn’t + Subject + Verb 3 + O

Example

+: He has already finished his homework.

-: He has not completed his homework yet.

?: Has he completed his homework?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The present perfect continuous tense or what is also often called the present perfect
progressive tense is one of the English tenses which in its use has a function to describe an
action that has been completed in the past or can also describe an action that has started in
the past and is still continuing. lasted until now.

Usually, the actions described in the formation of sentences using the present perfect
continuous tense have a certain time duration and are relevant to the current conditions. The
marker words commonly used are for the past few years or since.

The English tenses formula used to form present perfect continuous tense/present
perfect progressive tense sentences is as follows:

positive sentence : Subject + Has / Have + Been + Verb –ing + O

Negative Sentence : Subject + Has / Have + NOT + Been + Verb –ing + O

Interrogative Sentence: Has / Have/Haven’t/Hasn’t + Subject + Been + Verb –ing + O

Example

+: We have been living in Bandung for 1 years.

-: we have’nt been living in Bandung for 2 years.

?: Have we been living in Bandung for 2 years.

5. Simple Past Tense

This simple past tense is the opposite of the simple present tense, where this English
tense has a function to describe an event that has occurred in the past. The characteristic of
these English tenses is the existence of a time specifier or a clear time event.

In simple past tense sentences, the verb used is the second form of the verb. For regular
verbs, add -ed/-d after the first form of the verb. For irregular verbs add en/d/t/n or ne.

The English tenses formula used to form simple past tense sentences is as follows:

Positive Sentence : Subject + Verb 2 + O

Negative Sentence : Subject + Didn’t/ Did NOT + Verb + O

Interrogative Sentence: Did/Didn’t +Subject + Verb + O

Example

+: He played football
-: He did not play football yesterday

?: Did he play football yesterday?