THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF

MUSEUMS
in Museum Tour
 Architectural Museum
• An architecture museum is a museum dedicated to educating visitors
about architecture in general or with a focus on a specific architectural
style.
• Architecture museums may also educate visitors on the traditional history
of architecture or art, which can provide useful context for many
architecture exhibits.
• They are often chartered with the principle of advancing public education
on how design can positively impact the human environment.
Example: Asia Museum of Modern Art

The museum was

designed by
architect Tadao Ando
with a triangular shape
of structure. The
museum interior covers
an area of 4,111
square meters with
additional surrounding
grounds measuring
19,840 m2. The
museum building
consists of three floors,
which houses café,
shop and lecture hall
on the ground floor
and art galleries on
the upper and top
most floor.
Archeology Museums
• An Archaeology museum is a museum that specializes in the
display of archaeological artifacts.
• The country with the most archaeological museums is Greece.
• Many archaeology museum are in the open air, such as
the Ancient Agora of Athens and the Roman Forum.
• Others display artifacts inside buildings, such as National
Museum of Beirut and Cairo's Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Still
others, display artifacts both outside and inside, such as the Tibes
Indigenous Ceremonial Center.
Example: The Trowulan Museum

The Trowulan Museum is

an archaeological museum located
in Trowulan, Mojokerto, in East
Java, Indonesia. The museum was built
in order to house the artifacts and
archaeological findings discovered
around Trowulan and its vicinity.
Most of the museum collections is
originated from the Majapahit era,
however the collections also covered
the era of Kahuripan, Kediri,
and Singhasarikingdoms in East Java.
The museum is located on the western
side of the kolam Segaran. Trowulan
museum has the largest collection of
Majapahit relics in Indonesia.
Art Museums
• The art museum a.k.a. art gallery is concerned primarily with the
object as a means of unaided communication with its visitors.
• Aesthetic value is therefore a major consideration in accepting
items for the collection. Traditionally, these collections have
comprised paintings, sculpture, and the decorative arts.
• A number of art museums have included the industrial arts since
the 19th century, when they were introduced, particularly to
encourage good industrial design.
• It can be argued that aesthetics have subordinated function and
association to such an extent that objects often are presented in a
totally alien context.
Example: State Hermitage Museum

The State Hermitage

Museum is a museum of art
and culture in Saint
Petersburg, Russia.
The second-largest art
museum in the world, it was
founded in 1764 when
Empress Catherine the Great
acquired an impressive
collection of paintings from
the Berlin merchant Johann
Ernst Gotzkowsky. The museum
celebrates the anniversary of
its founding each year on 7
December, Saint Catherine's
Day. It has been open to the
public since 1852.
Biographical Museums
• A biographical museum is a museum dedicated to displaying
items relating to the life of a single person or group of people,
and may also display the items collected by their subjects during
their lifetimes.
• Some biographical museums are located in a house, such as Casa
Paoli Museum or other site associated with the lives of their
subjects. Some homes of famous people house famous collections
in the sphere of the owner's expertise or interests in addition to
collections of their biographical material.
• Other biographical museums, such as many of the
American presidential libraries, are housed in specially
constructed buildings.
Example: Marcelo H. del Pilar Shrine

The Marcelo H. del Pilar

Shrine is a declared national
shrine by the National
Historical Commission of the
Philippines in honor of Filipino
lawyer, poet and
propagandist Marcelo H. del
Pilar. Located at Sitio Cupang,
Brgy. San Nicolas,
Bulakan, Bulacan, the shrine is
the former site of the house of
the del Pilar clan. Currently,
the shrine is under the
management of the National
Historical Commission of the
Philippines.
Automobile Museums
• An automotive museum is a museum that explores the history of
automotive-related transportation.
• There can be two types:
• Bold – Automotive museums owned by automotive manufacturers
• Italics – no longer open to public access, excludes private or
invitation only collections that was never intended for public
access
Example: Grand Prix Museum, Macau

The museum was inaugurated at the

40th Macau Grand Prix on 18
November 1993.
The refurbishing of the Grand Prix
Museum project is currently
underway and the museum has
closed since 1 July 2017. The
project was presented by the
government back in 2016 and had
its public tender launched at the
beginning of 2017. The latest
budget for the works had been
increased to MOP830 million, the
revised budget will also include the
additional costs of purchasing all
necessary equipment for the new
museum to operate.
Children’s Museums
• Children's museums are institutions that provide exhibits and
programs to stimulate informal learning experiences
for children.
• In contrast with traditional museums that typically have a hands-
off policy regarding exhibits, children's museums feature
interactive exhibits that are designed to be manipulated by
children.
• The theory behind such exhibits is that activity can be as
educational as instruction, especially in early childhood. Most
children's museums are nonprofit organizations, and many are
run by volunteers or by very small professional staffs.
Example: Museo Pambata

The Museo
Pambata (Children's
Museum or Museum
for Children) is
a children's
museum in the Ermita
district of Manila,
near Rizal Park, in
the Philippines. It is
located in the
former Elks Club
Building, built in
1910, along Roxas
Boulevard at the
corner of South
Drive.
Design Museums
• A design museum is a museum with a focus
on product, industrial, graphic, fashion and architectural design.
• Many design museums were founded as museums for applied
arts or decorative arts and started only in the late 20th century
to collect design.
• The first museum of this kind was the Victoria and Albert
Museum in London.
Example: Danish Museum of Art and
Design
The Designmuseum
Denmark (Danish: Designmu
seum Danmark) is a
museum in Copenhagen for
Danish and international
design and crafts. It
features works of famous
Danish designers like Arne
Jacobsen, Jacob
Jensen and Kaare Klint,
who was one of the two
architects who remodeled
the former Frederiks
Hospital (built 1752–57)
into a museum in the 1920s.
The exhibition also features
a variety of Chinese and
German porcelain.
Diachronic vs. Synchronic
• The main difference between diachronic and monochronic is the
length of time they are studied or dealt with
• When we say diachronic it is something that is dealt with over a
period of time.
• On the other hand, synchronic it is concerned with events existing
in a limited time period and ignoring historical antecedents.
Example: Museum in Larissa
(Diachronic)
Filled with exquisite
artefacts that range
from stone arrowheads
and Neolithic effigies to
ancient Greek
tombstones and 19th-
century wall paintings,
Larissa’s history museum
is not to be missed. Set in
large grounds just across
the city’s ring road 4km
southwest of the centre,
it consists of a single
large hall, divided by
screens into galleries
devoted to specific eras
or topics.
Encyclopedic Museum
• The concept of an encyclopedic museum was born of the
Enlightenment, a manifestation of society’s growing belief that
the spread of knowledge and the promotion of intellectual
inquiry were crucial to human development and the future of a
rational society.
• But in recent years, museums have been under attack, with critics
arguing that they are little more than relics and promoters.
• The term “universal” or “encyclopedic” museum today refers
mainly to famous museums with collections of art and other
cultural items from around the world, not just from the nation
where they are located. However, the term has also been used
for museums focused on technology, science, and other fields.
Example: The “Met” of New York City

The Metropolitan Museum of

Art of New York City, colloquially
"the Met", is the largest museum
in the United States. Its
permanent collection contains
over 2 million works, divided
among 17 curatorial
departments. The main building
at 1000 Fifth Avenue, along
the Museum Mile on the eastern
edge of Central
Park in Manhattan's Upper East
Side, is by area one of the
world's largest art galleries. A
much smaller second
location, The Cloisters at Fort
Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan,
contains an extensive collection
of art, architecture, and artifacts
from medieval Europe.
Ethnology or Ethnographic Museums
• Ethnographic museums conserve, display and contextualize items
relevant to the field of ethnography, the systematic study of
people and cultures.
Example: China Ethnic Museum

The China Ethnic

Museum (中华民族博
物馆; pinyin: Zhōnghuá
Mínzú Bówùguǎn; also
called Chinese Ethnic
Culture
Park, 中华民族园;
pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínzú
Yuán) is a museum
in Beijing, China,
located just to the west
of the Olympic Green.
It features displays of
the daily life and
architecture of
China's 56 ethnic
groups.
Historic House Museums
• A historic house museum is a house that has been transformed
into a museum.
• Houses are transformed into museums for a number of different
reasons. For example, the homes of famous writers are
frequently turned into writer's home museums to support literary
tourism.
• Historic furnishings may be displayed in a way that reflects their
original placement and usage in a home.
• Historic house museums are held to a variety of standards,
including those of the International Council of Museums.
Example: The Gamble House

The Gamble House, also

known as the David B.
Gamble House, is an
iconic American
Craftsman home
in Pasadena, California,
designed by the
architectural firm Greene
and Greene. Constructed
in 1908–09 as a home
for David B. Gamble of
the Procter &
Gamble Company, it is
today a National Historic
Landmark, a California
Historical Landmark, and
opens to the public for
tours and events.
History Museums
• The term history museum is often used for a wide variety of
museums where collections are amassed and, in most cases, are
presented to give a chronological perspective.
• Because of the encompassing nature of history, museums of this
type may well hold so many objects of art and science that they
would more properly be called general museums.
• Museums dealing with specialized aspects of history may be
found at the national, provincial, or local level, while museums
of general history are rare at the national level.
• Historically, some national history museums have been used
purely as propaganda tools through which governments attempt
to convey an official history.
Cont…
• It has further been argued that "the very idea of an officially
sponsored national history museum is simply outdated" in light
of the trend towards pluralistic interpretation of artifacts.
• On the other hand, it has been argued that: "To create a
national history museum that discards unitary national narratives
as well as causal trajectories (the teleology of the nation) in
effect to subvert the form is probably impossible".
• One concern of national history museums, therefore, is how to
fairly and neutrally depict negative periods in a nation's own
history
Example:St. Fagans National Museum
of History

It is commonly referred to
as St. Fagan, after the village
where it is located, is an open-
air
museum in Cardiff chronicling
the historical lifestyle, culture,
and architecture of the Welsh
people. The museum is part of
the wider network
of Amgueddfa Cymru National
Museum Wales. It consists of
more than forty re-erected
buildings from various locations
in Wales, and is set in the
grounds of St Fagans Castle,
a Grade I listed Elizabethan
manor house.
Example: National Museum of the
Philippines
The National Museum of the
Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang
Museo ng Pilipinas) is an umbrella
government organization that
oversees a number of national
museums in the Philippines
including ethnographic,
anthropological, archaeological
and visual arts collections. Since
1998, the National Museum has
been the regulatory and
enforcement agency of
the Government of the
Philippines in the restoring and
safeguarding of important cultural
properties, sites, and reservations
throughout the Philippines.
Living History Museums
• It is a type of museum which recreates historical settings to
stimulate a past time period, providing visitors with an
experiential interpretation of history.
• It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent
conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period,
in an example of living history.
• It is meant to be a reconstruction of an entire ancient or
prehistoric settlement or a portion of one.
Example: Ecomusee d’Alsace,
Ungersheim
The largest open-air museum
in France, the Ecomusée
d’Alsace recreates an entire
Alsatian village from about
100 to 150 years ago. Enter
old homes filled with the
furniture, clothing, and other
household items of
yesteryear. Wander through
beautiful gardens, where you
may spot storks nesting on
housetops or a gaggle of
geese along a footpath.
Enjoy demonstrations by a
blacksmith or potter, and
ride in a boat or horse-
drawn wagon.
Example:

Located in Intramuros, the

Casa Manila Museum
takes us back in time right
to when the Philippines
was being colonized by
the Spaniards. This
heritage-house-turned-
museum showcases the
social history of Manila
when we were still under
the Spanish rule. The
Casa Manila houses
beautiful antique
furniture and impressive
artworks that a wealthy
family in the 1800’s
would’ve enjoyed.
Maritime Museums
• A maritime museum (sometimes nautical museum) is a museum
specializing in the display of objects relating to ships and travel on
large bodies of water.
• A subcategory of maritime museum is naval museums, which focus
on navies and the military use of the sea.
• The great prize of a maritime museum is a historic ship (or a replica)
made accessible as a museum ship, but as these are large and require a
considerable budget to maintain, many museums preserve smaller or
more fragile ships or partial ships within the museum buildings.
• Most museums exhibit interesting pieces of ships (such as
a figurehead or cannon), ship models, and miscellaneous small items
associated with ships and shipping, like cutlery, uniforms, and so forth.
Example: Visakha Museum

Visakha
Museum (Visakhapatnam
Municipal Corporation
Museum) is a museum
located in the port city
of Visakhapatnam in Andh
ra Pradesh, India which
houses the historical
treasures and artifacts of
the Kalingandhra region.
Many models of warships,
planes, and submarines
can be found here. The
museum also showcases a
searchlight reflector 30",
the route of Vasco-da-
Gama's maiden voyage to
India and also the words
of Nehru, "To be secure on
land, we must be supreme
at sea.”
Medical Museums
• Medical museum is an institution that stores and exhibits objects
of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest that have a link
to medicine or health.
• Displays often include models, instruments, books and
manuscripts, as well as medical images and the technologies used
to capture them (such as X-ray machines).
• Some museums reflect specialized medical areas, such
as dentistry, nursing, this history of specific hospitals, and
historic pharmacies.
Example: Co Tec Tai Medical Museum

The museum is named after

Co Tec Tai, patriarch of the
Ong family who set up the
museum.
This museum has over 3,000
photos showing the evolution
of healthcare in the
Philippines from the Spanish
era up to the present. There
are early runs of medical
journals from the 1900's,
medical paintings, stamps,
coins, and antique medical
instruments. There is a vast
collection of rare, medical
and medicine-related books.
There are also human
anatomical models of
different organ systems in
the body, and a DNA model
which the Ong family
brought from Japan.
Memorial Museums
• Memorial museums devoted to noteworthy historical events, to
government officials, and to figures prominent in political, social,
and military affairs, science, literature, and the arts.
• They are usually created as part of a memorial complex
maintained by the state.
• hey are organized on sites where historical events took place or
on the estate or in the home or apartment associated with a
particular historical figure’s life and activities.
Memorial museums preserve, conduct research on, and bring to
the public’s attention highly valuable collections of objects and
pictorial and written materials.
• One of their purposes is that of cultural enlightenment.
Example: The Freedom Memorial
Museum
The Freedom
Memorial Museum is
dedicated to honor
the lives and sacrifices
of victims and
survivors who
struggled for
freedom, democracy,
and human rights
during the 1972-
1986 martial law era
in the Philippines. It is
the flagship project of
the Human Rights
Violations Victims’
Memorial Commission.
Military And War Museums
• Military museum may refer to museums of military and war, or
specific museums.
Example: The Philippine Army Museum

The Philippine Army Museum is

a military museum located within
the premises of Fort
Bonifacio in Taguig, Philippines.he
Philippine Army Museum was
established in 1979. In the late
1980s, Commanding General of
the Philippine Army Mariano
Adalem had the former US Army
Commanding General
headquarters converted into the
Philippine Army Museum and
Library. During the 1990s, the
museum was relocated when a
substantial portion of Fort
Bonifacio was converted into the
business and residential district
now known as Bonifacio Global
City.
Mobile Museums
• A mobile museum is a museum educational outreach program
that brings the museum to the people rather than vice versa.
• Typically they can be in Recreational Vehicles (RVs)
or trucks/trailers that drive to schools, libraries and rural events.
• Their business model is to use grant or donor support, as they
goal is to make the museum exhibit accessible to underserved
populations.
Example: VanGo! Museum on Wheels

Founded in 1992 as a response to

the needs of a rural student
population with limited exposure to
museum-quality arts and crafts,
the VanGo! Museum on Wheels has
since grown into a valuable resource
for the Central Pennsylvania
region. The program gives students
and community members an
authentic art museum experience,
while reinforcing existing curriculum
and standards.
The current VanGo! Museum on
Wheels is a 31-foot RV home
equipped with an onboard museum
gallery. Visits include tours onboard
the bus, group assemblies, and a
hands-on activity. Exhibitions rotate
on an annual basis.
Natural History Museums
• Natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific
institution with natural history collections that include current and
historical records
of animals, plants, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleontology, clim
atology, and more.
• The primary role of a natural history museum is to provide the
scientific community with current and historical specimens for their
research, which is to improve our understanding of the natural
world.
• Some museums have public exhibits to share the beauty and
wonder of the natural world with the public; these are referred
to as 'public museums'.
Example: The National Museum of
Natural History
The National Museum
of Natural History
(Filipino: Pambansang
Museo ng Likas na
Kasaysayan) is the
national natural history
museum of the
Philippines and was
opened in 2018. It is
located along the
Agrifina Circle in Rizal
Park, Manila. Its
collection includes
botanical specimens,
and geology and
zoology exhibits.
Open -air Museums
• An open-air museum is a museum that exhibits collections of
buildings and artifacts out-of-doors.
• It is also frequently known as a museum of buildings or a folk
museum.
• The first open-air museums were founded in the late 19th century
when the industrialization and urbanization of Europe spurred a
renewed interest in folk culture and the traditional rural way of
life.
• Brimming with historical and architectural details to discover,
these spectacular museums pay homage to the beauty of the
past just so happen to be ideal places to wile away a glorious
afternoon.
Example: Las Casas Filipinas de
Acuzar
Las Casas Filipinas de
Acuzar is an open-air
museum and heritage
collection of houses
in Bagac,
Bataan, Philippines. José
"Gerry" Acuzar, owner of
New San Jose Builders, Inc.,
started to rebuild Spanish
colonial-era mansions in
Bagac in 2003. In March
2010, the area was
opened to the public as the
Las Casas Filipinas de
Acuzar which was placed
under the management of
Genesis Hotels and Resorts
Corporation.
Pop -up Museums
• Pop-up museums are a physical and philosophical fusion of 3-
dimensional art approach (installation) which was born as a new
art movement in the 1960s (and would be an important part of
contemporary art in the 21st century) with the pop-up shops and
sales areas that were famous at the beginning of the 2000s.
• People are coming, spending time as they please, experiencing
and having dozens of interesting photos to share their
experiences freely in their Instagram accounts.
• A pop-up museum will be set up for a limited period of time in a
location where no museum has really operated before.
• The curation of such a museum is also important but the key to it
is the novelty of the presentation.
Example: WNDR Museum

WNDR Museum is an ever-

evolving, immersive art and
technology experience
designed to ignite the curiosity
that exists within and around
each of us. The reimagined
WNDR experience features
new one-of-a-kind installations
from artists, collectives, and
studios locally and globally.
Leaning into cutting-edge
technologies, WNDR Museum
prioritizes joy, curiosity and
creativity while ensuring safety
through thought-provoking,
interactive technologies and
stunning installations that do
not require touch.
Science Museums
• A science museum or a science center is a museum devoted
primarily to science.
• Older science museums tended to concentrate on static displays
of objects related to natural history, paleontology, geology,
industry and industrial machinery, and so on.
• Modern trends in museology have broadened the range of
subject matter and introduced many interactive exhibits. Many if
not most modern science museums—which increasingly refer to
themselves as "science centers" or "discovery centers"—also put
much weight on technology.
Example: The National Planetarium

The National
Planetarium (Pambansang
Planetaryo), also known as
the National Museum
Planetarium, is
a planetarium owned and
operated by the National
Museum of the
Philippines in Manila. It is a
16-metre (52 ft) dome
located in Rizal
Park between the Japanese
Garden and Chinese Garden
on Padre Burgos Avenue in
the central district of Ermita.
It opened on October 8,
1975, and has been in
operation since then.
Specialized Museums
• Specialized museums are museums concerned with
research and the display of all aspects of a single
theme or subject not covered in one of the previous
categories.
Example: Dostoevsky Museum

The Dostoevsky Museum

was opened on November
12, 1971 at the house on
Kuznechny Lane. Tragically
this address joins together
the beginning and the end
of his creative evolution. In
this house, Dostoevsky
worked on his early short
story The Double. At the
same house he wrote his
last novel The Brothers
Karamazov. This
apartment has been
reconstructed after the
memoirs of the writer’s
wife and contemporaries.
Virtual Museums
• It is a collection of digitally recorded images, sound files, text
documents, and other data of historical, scientific, or cultural interest
that are accessed through electronic media.
• It does not house actual objects and therefore lacks the permanence
and unique qualities of a museum in the institutional definition of the
term. In fact, most virtual museums are sponsored by institutional
museums and are directly dependent upon their existing collections.
Nevertheless, through the hyperlinking and multimedia capabilities of
electronic information media, digitized representations can be brought
together from multiple sources for enjoyment and study in a manner
largely determined by the individual user.
• Virtual museums of this type can be a powerful tool for comparative
study and for research into a particular subject, material, or locality.
Example: Sulyap Museo

In celebration of its 119th

Foundation Day, the National
Museum recently
launched Sulyap Museo, a
360-degree virtual tour where
visitors can (virtually) walk
through 9 of its famed
galleries. For a more enhanced
experience, e-visitors are
serenaded by the University of
the Philippines Manila Chorale.
The tour includes Juan Luna’s
iconic Spoliarium, the museum’s
crowd-drawer, and the 260-
foot mural Filipino Struggles
Through History painted by
national artist Carlos “Botong”
Francisco.
Zoological Museums
• They are scientific, cultural, and educational institutions in which
animal collections are assembled (animals in fixing fluids, dried
or specially prepared animals, stuffed animals, skeletons, hides,
and articles made from horns, bones, shells, etc.).
• In zoological museums scientific research is conducted on the
taxonomic description of fauna, zoogeography, variations,
comparative morphology and anatomy, and evolution, that is,
historical development.
• Collections of zoological museums consist of scientific collections
and materials on display; the former are used for scientific
research, the latter as educational materials.
Example: Zoological Museum of
Amsterdam
The Zoological Museum
Amsterdam (ZMA) was a natural
history museum located close
to Oosterparkin Amsterdam, Netherlan
ds. It was one of the two major natural
history museums in the Netherlands.
The total collection included
approximately 13 million objects and
was used mainly for scientific purposes.
In addition to the museum function of
the management and conservation of
collections and exhibition, it was also a
major scientific and (university)
education function. The museum was
divided into three sections -
Vertebrates, Invertebrates and Entomo
logy - and two departments,
Exhibitions and Biodiversity Informatics.
Prepared by: 1-BSTM A
• De Guzman, Carla Marie
• Dimaano, Regine
• Fajardo, Doel Jan
THANK YOU…