CHAPTER 3:

WORLD REGIONS

Global Divides: The North and

the South
LESSON 1
Intended Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic/chapter,
you must be able to:
Define and understand the
existence of the global
economic division
Differentiate the Global
North and the Global South
 Introduction
In the 1980s, the Brandt Line was developed as a
way of showing how the world was geographically
split into relatively richer and poorer nations.
Richer countries are almost all located in the
Northern Hemisphere. Poorer countries are mostly
located in tropical regions and in the Southern
Hemisphere.
The terms the North and the South, when used in a
global context, are alternative designations for
developed and "developing" countries. The North-
South divide is broadly considered a socio-
economic and political divide.
Lesson 1: Global Divides
The world comprises of different countries,
people and natural features which was
situated in the different location. Countries
composed of different regions which create
an association to have a common purpose
for their security and peace.
Global North
America
Canada Most countries in Asia and
Japan Africa
Europe Philippines
South Korea Malaysia
Singapore Haiti
Australia Lebanon
New Zealand Chad
Brazil
Global South
The North-South Divide
It is the socio-economic and political
division that exist between the wealthy
developed countries, known collectively as
"the North" and the poorer developing
countries (least developed countries) or
"the South".
The North-South Divide
The North is mostly correlated with the Western world and
the First world, along with much of the Second World while
the South largely corresponds with the Third World and
Eastern World.

The two groups are often defined in terms of their drifting

levels of wealth, development,income inequality,
democracy, political and economic freedom, as defined by
freedom indices.
North and South
Insight 1
The division between rich and poor countries which most of
the developed countries located at Northern Hemisphere and
most of the developing countries is in the Southern
Hemisphere.

Insight 2
It is considered as a socio-political division which created a
development gap among nation-states popularized in the late
20th century and early 21st century.
 The Global North
Sub-topic 1
It is characterized by
established
democracy, wealth,
technological
advancement,
political stability,
aging population
growth, and
dominance of world
trade and politics .
Sub-topic 2
This include the United
States , Canada, almost
all the European
countries , Israel,
Cyprus, Japan,
Singapore, South Korea,
Australia and New
Zealand
 The Global South
Sub-topic 1 Sub-topic 2
The Global South refers It is not as
to the less developed economically sound
countries of the world. and politically stable
as their Global North
counterparts and tend
to be characterized by
turmoil, war, conflict,
poverty, anarchy, and
tyranny.
The Global South
 The Global South
Sub-topic 3
This represents
mainly agrarian
economies in Sub-
Saharan Africa, Latin
America and the
Caribbean, Pacific
Islands, and the
developing countries
in Asia, including the
MIddle East.
Sub-topic 4
It is home to the
BRIC countries:
Brazil, India and
China, which along
with Indonesia and
Mexico are the
largest Southern
states in terms of
land area and
population.
The Global South
GLOBAL NORTH
Comprised of only one quarter
(25%) of the total global
population
Richer and more economically
developed region
Accounts for over 90% of all
manufacturing industries
About 95% of the population
have enough basic needs and
access to functioning
education systems
GLOBAL SOUTH
Accounts for three quarters (75%)
of the global population BUT only
accounts a fifth (20%) of the
globally earned income
Poor and less developed region
Relatively low GDP and the high
population
Only 5% of country's population
has enough food and shelter
Source of raw materials and labor
for the"North"
The economies of most countries
in the South rely on imports from
the North and have low
technological penetration
Global South vs. The Third World
During Cold War, the Global Divide
was made official with the West Power
(United States and Allied countries)
and the East Power (Soviet Union and
China). They divided the world into
three (3) categories that embodies 3
types of countries along the globe: the
First World, Second World, and the
Third World.
Global South vs. The Third World
The term "Third World" is referred as
underdeveloped or developing
countries. It was the non-aligned
World, distinct from the First
(capitalist) and Second
(socialist/communist) Worlds. The
Third World became a quick-and-easy
referent for the "Poor World".
The "Three World Theory"
The "Three World Theory"
Composed of
industrialized and Former Non-aligned world
democratic communist and as the global
countries, which countires that realm of poverty
most members were aren't quite in and under-
assumed to be allied poverty but aren't development
with the US against prosperous either (Afghanistan,
Soviet Union (East Germany, Latin America,
(Canada, Australia, Georgia, Poland, Asian countries,
Japan, Western Ukraine, etc.) etc.)
Europe, etc.
FirstWorld Second World Third World
 The "three world theory" made no longer
sense when in 1989-1991, the Second World
ceased to exist as the Soviet Union
collapsed. After the demise of the Second
World, new terms were adopted for the
socio-economically divided planet,
differentiating a wealthy "Global Norh" form
an impoverished "Global South". The "Global
North" mostly covers the First World, with
much of the Second World. While "Global
South" covers the countries from the Third
World.
 The emergence of the term "Global South" is normally
used to mean countires that are faced with social, political
and economic challenges - for instance poverty,
environmental degradation human and civil rights abuses,
ethnic and regional conflicts, mass displacements refugees,
hunger and diseases.
The nations of Africa, central and Latin America, and
most of Asia are collectively known as the "Global
South". The concept of the Global South shares some of
the limitations of the concept of the Third World. It
evokes imaginations of a geographical North-South
divide which does not correspond to the complex
entanglements and uneven developments in the real
world.
What are the major indicators of socio-
economic development?
These dimensions are:
(1) Material living conditions
(2) Education and work
(3) Economic risks
(4) Health
(5) Social relations
(6) Participation and trust
(7) Safety
(8) Environment

What are the 5 socio-economic factors?

Socio-economic factors include
occupation, education, income, wealth
and where someone lives.
Socioeconomic benefits are expected
from the development of new markets to
promote regional economic structures,
to provide alternative sources of
employment in rural areas, and to
promote the use of srplus and marginal
lands.
14Characteristics of
Developed Country
Human Development Index
Per Capita Income
Industrialization
Political Stability
Freedom
Better Living Standards
Gross Domestic Product
Education
Common Characteristics of
Developing Economies
Low Per Capita Real Income.
High Population Growth Rate
High Rates of Unemployment
Dependence on Primary Sector
Dependence on Exports of Primary
Commodities
Characteristics of
Inadequate technology and capital
LDCs
Low saving rates
Dual economy
Varying dependence on international trade
Rapid population growth (1.6% to DCs' 0.1%
yearly)
Low literacy and school enrollment rates
Unskilled labor force
Poorly developed institutions
Thank You for
listening!