Saudi Designers: Design of Pad & Chimney Foundation

SAUDI
Date: 5/28/2019 DESIGNERS
Calculation No.: 05-P-935A-DFR-PHC-R0

DESIGN OF PAD & CHIMNEY FOUNDATION
TW02 FOR SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF TRANSMISSION LINES IN PAKISTAN
ASSOCIATED WITH CASA 1000 PROJECT
Tower Type "PHC"
SOIL TYPE: DRY FISSURED ROCK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
Unit Conversion
2. Tower Geometry
a. Geometry
3. References
4. Given Data
a. Loading
b. Geometry
c. Material Properties
d. Soil Properties
5. Calculations to follow
A. Determine Allowable Soil Capacity
B. Determine Pedestal Size
C. Determine Pedestal Size Based on Uplift Force
1. Assume uplift is resisted only by gravity
2. Assume uplift is resisted by gravity and friction
D. Calculate moments
E. Calculate resisting moments
F. Calculate net moments at the base of footing
G. Calculate soil pressure at the base of footing
H. Check shear stresses
a. Two way shear
b. Shear moment transfer by eccentricity of shear
I. Check for one-way shear
J. Calculate reinforcements
Bottom reinforcement
Top reinforcement
K. Determine ultimate pedestal capacity
1. Ultimate capacity in compression
2. Ultlimate capacity in uplift
L. Bar bending schedules
a. Chimney bars
b. Tie bars
c. Footing rebars
M. Calculate material quantities
1. Steel
a. Pad bars
b. Pedestal bars
c. Ties
d. Total steel quantity
2. Concrete quantity
3. Excavation
SUMMARY
05-P-935A-DFR-PHC-R0.xmcd Page 1 of 30
SAUDI
1. Introduction:
The purpose of this calculation is to design Pad and Chimney foundation with 0 deg undercut, for
"PHC" Type lattice steel tower structures. The foundation is subjected to upward, downward and
horiMontal forces. The soil is granular. Please refer to Figure (1) for the foundation configuration.
Factored loads will be used in the design of the steel reinforcements and checking the internal
stresses in the foundation, as well as the stability design.
Unit Conversion:
N kN
kN  1000 N MPa  KPa 
2 2
mm m
2. Tower Geometry:
a. Geometry:
h t  20000  mm Tower body height
at  1800 mm Tower dimension at the top
b t  6880 mm Tower dimension at the bottom
 b t  at 
θ  atan 2   θ  10.182 deg Leg slope angle with respect to vertical
 2 ht 
h 0  1000 mm
b t  at  bc1 
bc1   h0 bc1  127  mm ϕ  atan  ϕ  0.126
2 ht  h0 
h0
h 11  h 11  1008.032 mm h0, h1,h2,  and c as defined
cos( ϕ) in the slope diagram
h0
h 22  h 22  1016.001 mm
cos( θ)
3. References:
1. ANN 3 (ii) Section IV, Technical Specifications
2. Foundation Analysis and Design, by Joseph E. Bowles, 5th Ed.
3. Pile Design and Construction Practice, M. J. Tomlinson, 1994, 4th Ed.
4. Given Data:
a. Loading: (Along the leg slope)

θs  0 θs  0  deg Leg slope angle
Note: Since the reactions given in the Vendor calculations are in the slope direction, they
will be transformed into vertical/orthogonal direction, as follows:
  θs  
θy  atan tan  θy  0  deg Leg slope angle in the X-Z plane
  2 
SAUDI
θx  θy θx  0  deg Leg slope angle in the X-Z plane
Pds  1406.84  kN Vts  243.8  kN M 00  0  kN m
Pus  1061.82  kN Vls  228.98 kN Reference: Foundations Loads

Vendor drawings
Loading in the vertical and horizontal directions:
Pd0  Pds cos θs Pd0  143458 kgf Pd0  1407 kN
Pu0  Pus cos θs Pu0  108276 kgf Pu0  1062 kN
VR  Pds sin θs VR  0  kgf
Vt0  Vts  VR sin( 45 deg) Vt0  24861  kgf Vt0  244  kN
Vl0  Vls  VR sin( 45 deg) Vl0  23349  kgf Vl0  229  kN
2 2
Q0  Vt0  Vl0 Q0  334.47 kN
OCF  1.2 Overload Capacity Factors:

Pu  OCF Pu0 Pu  1274.18  kN Upward reaction
Pd  OCF Pd0 Pd  1688.21  kN Downward reaction
PHx  OCF Vl0 PHx  274.78 kN
PHy  OCF Vt0 PHy  292.56 kN
Q  OCF Q0 Q  401.36 kN Horizontal reaction
M 0  OCF M 00 M 0  0  kN m Moment reaction
b. Geometry:
Hst  3300mm Stub embedment length
Eh  225mm Exposed height
D  800  mm Assumed Pedestal Size (Dia)

cov  75 mm Concrete cover
Fd  600  mm Footing thickness
tsp  300  mm Structural pad thickness
FD  3.5 m Foundation depth from NGL
h a  FD  Fd h a  2.9 m Chimney height from NGL

Df  h a  tsp  Fd Df  3.8 m
d sp  Df  Eh  Hst d sp  725  mm Stub tip to base of the pad distance
r  1 Aspect ratio
SAUDI
Bt  4.0 m Lt  r Bt Lt  4 m Assumed Footing width

at the top
Xuc  0 Xuc  0 Width of the undercut,
no undercut
B  Bt  2  Xuc B  4m Total width with the undercut
L  r B L  4m Assumed Footing length

Thickness to be ignored in calculating uplift resistance.
T  0  mm
This requirement is not applicable for pad and chimney fdn.
c. Material Properties:
kN
γc0  23.54  Concrete unit weight (dry)
3
m
fc  21 MPa fc  3045.792 psi Concrete compressive strength
fy  420  MPa Steel yield strength
E  200000 MPa Steel elastic modulus
d. Soil Properties: SOIL TYPE: DRY FISSURED ROCK
kN
γw  9.8 Unit weight of water
3
m
Unit wt. Angle of int Cohesion Frustum Angle
Layer depth
friction (Repose)
kN
d 1  FD FD  3.5 m γe1  14.12  ϕ1  20 deg c1  0  KPa θ1  20 deg
3
m
kN
d 2  0 γe2  18.5 ϕ2  37 deg c2  0  KPa θ2  0
3
m
kN
d 3  0 γe3  18.5 ϕ3  37 deg c3  0  KPa θ3  0
3
m
kN
d 4  0 γe4  18.87  ϕ4  38 deg c4  0 θ4  0
3
m
γe1 d 1  γe2 d 2  γe3 d 3  γe4 d 4 kN kN
γse  γse  14.12  γsmax  20
d1  d2  d3  d4 3 3
m m
γs  if  γse  γsmax γsmax γse
kN
γs  14.12 
3
m
ϕ1 d 1  ϕ2 d 2  ϕ3 d 3  ϕ4 d 4
ϕe  ϕe  20 deg Effective angle of int.
d1  d2  d3  d4 friction
θ1 d 1  θ2 d 2  θ3 d 3  θ4 d 4

θe  θe  20 deg Effective frustum angle
d1  d2  d3  d4
SAUDI
c1 d 1  c2 d 2  c3 d 3  c4 d 4

ce  ce  0  KPa Effective soil cohesion
d1  d2  d3  d4
1
Cae   ce Cae  0  KPa Effective soil adhesion
2
1
γc  γc0 γc  23.54  kN Concrete unit weight (dry)
3
m
5. Calculations to follow:
A. Determine Allowable Soil Capacity:

kN
q allow  498  Maximum allowable bearing capacity
2
m
B. Determine Pedestal Size:
1. Based on Bearing on Concrete:
Pd 2
Ap  Ap  0.23 m Gross pedestal area
0.35 fc
a1  Ap a1  479  mm Pedestal size
2. Pedestal as a Short Column:

ρ  0.008 Steel ratio, assumed
Pd 2
Ag  Ag  0.123 m Gross pedestal area
0.650.85 fc ( 1  ρ)  ρ fy
a2  Ag a2  351  mm Pedestal size
Therefore, the assumed pedistal size of 800 mm is adequate.

C. Determine Pedestal Depth, 'h', Based on Uplift Force:
1. Assume uplift is resisted only by gravity:
θe  20 deg Effective angle of the shearing soil plane with the vertical
Using the formula for the calculation of a truncated prism:
h 1  h a h 1  2.9 m
2
Ab  L B Ab  16 m Area at the base
At   L  2  h 1 tan θe    B  2  h 1 tan θe 

2
At  37.345 m Area at the top
Am   L  h 1 tan θe    B  h 1 tan θe 

2
Am  25.558 m Area at the mid-height
SAUDI
h1
  Ab  4  Am  At 
π 2 3
Vol s   D  ha Vol s  73.738 m Volume of soil
6 4
d w  0 dw  0
Atw   L  2  d w tan θe    B  2  d w tan θe 

2
Atw  16 m Area at the top
Amw   L  d w tan θe    B  d w tan θe 

2
Amw  16 m Area at the mid-height
h pw  if  d w  Fd  0  d w  Fd 0 h pw  0 m
Height of submerged
chimney
dw
  Ab  4  Amw  Atw 
π 2 3
Vol w1   D  h pw Vol w1  0  m Volume of water
6 4
Vol w  if  d w = 0 0 Vol w1
3
Vol w  0  m
θ  10.182 deg Leg slope angle
θy  atan tan 
θ
 θy  7.2 deg Leg slope angle in the X-Z plane
  2 
θx  θy θx  7.2 deg Leg slope angle in the X-Z plane
1  tan θx  tan θy

2 2
β  β  1.016 Parameter accounting
for the chimney slope.
Wsef  γs Vol s  γw Vol w Wsef  1041.182 kN Effective soil weight
2
Ab  L B Ab  16 m Area of pad at the base
2
At  Lt Bt At  16 m Area of pad at the top
  B  B t    L  Lt 
1 2
Am  Am  16 m Area of pad at the
4 mid-height
Fd
  Ab  4  Am  At
3
Vpad  Vpad  9.6 m Volume of pad
6
W1d  γc0 Vpad W1d  225.984  kN Pad weight (dry)
W1b  γc Vpad W1b  225.984  kN Pad weight (buoyant)
W1  if  d w = 0 W1d W1b W1  225.984  kN
W2  γc0   D    h 1  tsp  Eh  d w  β  γc   D    d w  β W2  41.17  kN Pedestal weight

π 2 π 2
4  4  (partially submerged)
A0  Pu  W1  W2 A0  1007.032 kN Pu  1274.184 kN
h  h 1 h  2.9 m Taking larger of the two
SAUDI
a. Calculate Vertical loads:
ex   h  tsp  Eh  Fd  tan θy ex  0.508 m
ey   h  tsp  Eh  Fd  tan θx ey  0.508  m
W1  225.984  kN W1  225.98 kN Pad weight
W2  41.168 kN
W3   B L h   D  h  β  γe1
π 2
W3  634.259  kN Soil weight
 4 
PTot  Pd  W1  W2  W3 PTot  2589.62  kN Total vertical load
b. Check Uplift Resistance:

h  2.9 m θe  20 deg B  4m L  4m Eh  0.225 m
T0
h 3  h  T h 3  2.9 m Soil height considered in

computing uplift
Ws1  γs h 3 B L  ( B  L)  h 3 tan θe 
2
 h 3  tan θe
4 2
 Ws1  1061.765 kN Weight of the soil
 3  wedge.
Wwt  γw d w B L  ( B  L)  d w tan θe 

2
 d w  tan θe
4 2
 Wwt  0  kN Weight of the
 3  water
Fcoh  2 ( B  L)  Cae  h 3 Fcoh  0  kN Total resistance
due to cohesion
W1  225.984  kN Pad weight
W2  41.168 kN Pedestal weight
W1s  γs B L Fd W1s  135.552  kN Weight of soil

replaced by the pad
W2s  γs   D   ( h )  β
π 2
W2s  20.909 kN Weight of soil replaced
4  by the pedestal
TR 1  Ws1  W1  W2  Fcoh  Wwt  W2s TR 1  1308.008 kN Total resistance force
Factor of safety against uplift:

Pu0  1061.82  kN Unfactored uplift load
TR 1
SF  SF  1.232 > SF req  1.2 Thus OK
Pu0
2. Assume uplift is resisted by gravity and friction:

a. Resistance due to friction:
SAUDI
ϕ  ϕe ϕ  20 deg Angle of internal friction
Coefficient of lateral pressure, Ks:
K0  1  sin( ϕ) K0  0.658
2
 ϕ
Ka  tan 45 deg   Ka  0.49
 2
2
Kp  tan 45 deg 
ϕ
 Kp  2.04 Reference :
 2 Foundation Analysis and Design
By : Joseph E. Bowles
 K0  Ka  Kp
1
Ks1  Ks1  1.063
3
Ksmax  1.0 Maximum value of Ks
Ks  if  Ksmax  Ks1 Ksmax Ks1 Ks  1
Assuming the shearing failure plane to be vertical, the expression for the friction
resistance on all four vertical sides can be obtained as follows:
h  2.9 m Fd  0.6 m T0 Defined earlier
ξ 1  FD ξ 1  3.5 m
δ  ϕe δ  20 deg
Ffr  ( B  L)  Ks tan( δ)  γs  ξ 1

2
 Ffr  503.647  kN Total resistance
due to friction
Fcoh  2 ( B  L)  Cae  ξ1 Fcoh  0  kN Total resistance
due to cohesion
b. Concrete foundation weight:
β  1.016
W1  225.984  kN W1  225.984  kN Pad weight
W2  41.168 kN W2  41.168 kN Pedestal weight
Wc  W1  W2 Wc  267.152  kN Total foundation weight
c. Soil weight:
Ws  B L  h  T  d w   D   h  T  d w  β  γs Ws  634.259  kN

π 2
Soil weight
 4 
Ww  B L  d w   D   d w  β  γw
π 2
Ww  0  kN Water buoyancy force
 4 
SAUDI
d. Total resistance:
TR 2  Ffr  Fcoh  Wc  Ws  Ww TR 2  1405.059 kN Total resistance force
Factor of safety against uplift:

Pu0  1061.82  kN Unfactored uplift load
TR 2
SF  SF  1.3233 > SF req  1.2 Thus OK
Pu0
D. Calculate Moments:
H  Eh  tsp  h a  Fd H  4.025 m Total height
M x1  Pd ey M x1  858.4 m kN
M y1  Pd ex M y1  858.4 m kN
M x2  PHy H M x2  1177.6 m kN
M y2  PHx H M y2  1106 m kN
ey W2
M x3  M x3  10.47 m kN
2
ex W2
M y3  M y3  10.47 m kN
2
Total Moments:
M xtot  M x2  M x1  M x3 M xtot  308.7 m kN
M ytot  M y2  M y1  M y3 M ytot  237.1 m kN
E. Calculate Resisting Moments: Figure (2)
Soil Resistance:
h e  h h e  2.9 m Effective height of soil
2
 ϕ1 
Ka  tan 45 deg   Ka  0.49 Coefficient of active pressure
 2 
2
 ϕ1 
Kp  tan 45 deg   Kp  2.04 Coefficient of passive pressure
 2 
σ1   Kp  Ka  γs h e
1
σ1  63.441  kN
2
m
σ2   Kp  Ka  γs  h e  Fd 1

σ2  76.567  kN
2
m
σ1 D h e
F1x  F1x  73.592 kN
2
SAUDI
F2x  σ1 L Fd F2x  152.259  kN
 1  σ  σ   L F 
F3x   2 1 d F3x  15.751 kN
2 
F1y  F1x F1y  73.592 kN
F2y  F2x F2y  152.259  kN
F3y  F3x F3x  15.751 kN
 he  Fd F3x Fd
M yR  F1x   Fd  F2x  M yR  164.122 m kN
3  2 3
 he  Fd F3y Fd
M xR  F1y   Fd  F2y  M xR  164.122 m kN
3  2 3
L
M Rx  PTot  0.80 M xR M Rx  5310.536 m kN Resisting Moment in x-dir
2
M Rx
SF OTx  SF OTx  4.51 > 1.0 Factor of safety against
M x2 Overturning IN x-dir. Since it is
greater than 1.1. Therefore,
OK Ref: (2)
B
M Ry  PTot  0.80 M yR M Ry  5310.536 m kN Resisting Moment in y-dir
2
M Ry
SF OTy  SF OTy  4.802 > 1.0 Factor of safety against
M y2 Overturning IN y-dir. Since it is
greater than 1.1. Therefore,
OK Ref: (2)
F. Calculate Resisting Against Sliding:
Q  401.364  kN Horizontal Force, factored
μ  0.4 Coefficient of Friction
N  Wc  Ws1 Normal force acting on the bottom of the pad

during uplift
N μ
SF SL  SF SL  1.324 > 1.0 Therefore, OK
Q
Soil resistance due to lateral earth pressure should not be considered while calculating
chimney steel reinforcement. In that case zero values will be adopted for the resisting
moments.
SAUDI
F. Calculate Net Moments at the Base of Footing:

Moments for calculating soil pressure at the base of footing:
M x2  M xtot M x2  308.699 m kN
M y2  M ytot M y2  237.118 m kN
M x  if  M x2  0. 0. M x2 M x  308.699 m kN
M y  if  M y2  0. 0. M y2 M y  237.118 m kN
G. Calculate Soil Pressure at the Base of Footing:

2 2
B L L B
A  L B Sx  Sy 
6 6
2
B L 3
Sx  Sx  10.667 m
6
2
L B 3
Sy  Sy  10.667 m
6
PTot Mx My 1 1
q max    q max  213.022  kN q allow  498  kN
A Sx Sy 2 2
m m
q.max < q.allow Therefore, OK
 PTot Mx  My 1
q min   A  S  S q min  110.681  kN
 x  y
m
2
SAUDI
NOTE: If q.min< 0 , then not all the footing is under pressure, and the above
equation is no longer applicable. The following procedure to be used.
Mx
exp  exp  0.119 m
PTot
My
eyp  eyp  0.092 m
PTot
L
mr   exp mr  1.881 m
2
B
n r   eyp n r  1.908 m
2
PTot  2589.6 kN
1 q allow 1 q allow
PTot1    3  mr  B    3 nr  L PTot1  5661.1 kN
2 2 2 2
Since P.Tot1> P.Tot , assumed pad dimensions are adequate.
q.max < q.allow Therefore, OK

G. Recalculate the forces
Recalculate the pressures using the factored loads. As mentioned earlier in the introduction,
factored loads will be used in the design of the steel reinforcements and checking the internal
stresses in the foundation, as well as the stability design of the foundation.
Pd  1688.208 kN Factored downward load
Pu  1274.184 kN
PHx  274.776  kN
PHy  292.56 kN
PTot  Pd  W1  W2  W3 PTot  2589.62  kN Total vertical load
SAUDI
H  4.025 m
M x1  Pd ey M x1  858.4 m kN
M y1  Pd ex M y1  858.4 m kN
M x2  PHy H M x2  1177.6 m kN
M y2  PHx H M y2  1106 m kN
ey W2
M x3  M x3  10.47 m kN
2
ex W2
M y3  M y3  10.47 m kN
2
Total Moments:
M xtot  M x2  M x1  M x3 M xtot  308.7 m kN
M ytot  M y2  M y1  M y3 M ytot  237.1 m kN
M x2  M xtot M x2  308.699 m kN
M y2  M ytot M y2  237.118 m kN
M x  if  M x2  0. 0. M x2 M x  308.699 m kN
M y  if  M y2  0. 0. M y2 M y  237.118 m kN
H. Check Shear Stress: Figure (3)
a. Two way shear:

Assume : d b1  20 mm
d  Fd  cov  1.5 d b1 d  495  mm
D  800  mm
Calculate Pressure at four corners:
PTot Mx My 1
q 1    q 1  213.022  kN
A Sx Sy 2
m
PTot Mx My 1
q 2    q 2  168.562  kN
A Sx Sy 2
m
SAUDI
PTot Mx My 1
q 3    q 3  155.141  kN
A Sx Sy 2
m
 PTot Mx  My 1
q 4   A  S  S q 4  110.681  kN
 x  y m
2
Calculate Average Pressure:
q1  q2  q3  q4
1 1
q ave  q ave  161.851  kN
4 2
m
Calculate max. and min. Pressure at the middle of each side:
  q 1  q 3
1 1
q max1  q max1  184.081  kN
2 2
m
  q 2  q 4
1 1
q min1  q min1  139.621  kN
2 2
m
2
Af  B L Af  16 m
2 2
Ap  ( D  d ) Ap  1.677 m
b 0  4  ( D  d ) b 0  5180 mm
Vu  q ave  Af  Ap Vu  2318.191 kN Total shear force at the

critical section
d  495  mm fc  21 MPa
Vu
v u1 
b 0 d v u1  0.904  MPa Shear stress at the
critical section
b. Shear from moment transfer by eccentricity of shear:
(ACI - 318M-11 Para. 11.12.6.3)
c1  D c1  0.8 m Length of pedestal section
c2  D c2  0.8 m Width of pedestal section
b 1  c1  d b 1  1.295 m Length of critical section
b 2  c2  d b 2  1.295 m Width of critical section
1
γf  γf  0.6 Fraction of the unbalanced
2 b1 moment, Mu, transferred by
1  flexure.
3 b2
SAUDI
γv  1  γf γv  0.4 Fraction of the unbalanced

moment, Mu, transferred by the
eccentricity of shear about the
centeroid of the critical section.
Ac  2  d   c1  c2  2  d 
2
Ac  2.564 m Area of assumed critical section
  b 1
1
CAB  CAB  0.647 m
2
  b 2
1
CCD  CCD  0.647 m
2
d   c1  d   c1  d   d 3 d   c2  d    c1  d 
3 2
4
Jcx    Jcx  0.743 m
6 6 2
d   c2  d   c2  d   d 3 d   c1  d    c2  d 
3 2
4
Jcy    Jcy  0.743 m
6 6 2
In the above expressions J cx and J cy are properties of the assumed critical section
analogous to polar moment of intertia.
Calcualte unbalanced moments:
Fd
Hp  Eh  tsp  h a  Hp  3.725 m
2
exp   Hp  tan θy exp  0.471 m Eccentricities with

respect to the center of
the pad
eyp   Hp  tan θx eyp  0.471 m
W2  41.168 kN Pedestal weight
M x1  Pd eyp M x1  794.4 m kN
M y1  Pd exp M y1  794.4 m kN
M x2  PHy Hp M x2  1089.8 m kN
M y2  PHx Hp M y2  1023.5 m kN
eyp W2
M x3  M x3  9.69 m kN
2
exp W2
M y3  M y3  9.69 m kN
2
SAUDI
M ux1  M x2  M x1  M x3 M ux1  285.7 m kN

Moments about
x and y axes
M uy1  M y2  M y1  M y3 M uy1  219.4 m kN
Moments for calculating soil pressure at the center of footing:

M x2  M ux1 M x2  285.69 m kN
M y2  M uy1 M y2  219.445 m kN
M ux  if  M x2  0. 0. M x2 M ux  285.69 m kN
M uy  if  M y2  0. 0. M y2 M uy  219.445 m kN
SAUDI
Vu  q ave  Af  Ap Vu  2318.191 kN Total shear force at

the critical section
Vu γv M ux CAB γv M uy CCD

v u2    v u2  1.08 MPa
Ac Jcx Jcy
Reference : ACI 318M-11, Clause 11.12.2.1

The shear capacity of footing in two-way action will be the smallest of:
D
a) βc  βc  1 Ratio of long side to short side of the
D column
v c1   1 
2   fc MPa v c1  2.291  MPa

 βc  6
b) αs  20 Taking smallest of the three values.
 αs d  fc MPa

v c2   b  2  12 v c2  1.494  MPa
 0 
1
c) v c3   fc MPa v c3  1.528  MPa
3
v c4  if  v c1  v c2 v c2 v c1 Ψ  0.85 Reduction factor ACI 318M-11 C.3.2.3
v c  if  v c3  v c4 v c4 v c3  Ψ v c  1.27 MPa Taking smallest of the three values,
Vc1, Vc2 and Vc3 multiplied with
the reduction factor, 
v u1  0.904  MPa Since vc > vu , OK
v u2  1.08 MPa
I. Check One-Way Shear: Figure (4)

1
X   ( D  L)  d X  2.895 m
2
q x  q min1   q max1  q min1  

X 1
q x  171.799  kN
L 2
m
qx  qmax1 B ( L  X)
1
Vu1  Vu1  786.495  kN
2
Reference : ACI 318M-11, Clause 11.3.1.2 and Clause 11.3.2.3
Nuc  Pd Nuc  1688.208 kN Axial load, compression
SAUDI
Ag  B Fd 2
Ag  2400000  mm
 Nuc  fc MPa

1
Vc1  Ψ  1    6  B d
14 Ag MPa  Vc1  1349.997 kN

Nut  Pu Nut  1274.184 kN Axial load, tension
 0.29 Nut  fc MPa

1
Vc2  Ψ  1     6  B d Vc2  1483.32  kN Vu1  786.495  kN
 Ag MPa 
Since V.c1 > V.u1, and V.c2 > V.u1 OK

J Calculate Reinforcements: Figure (5)
Bottom Reinforcement:
Critical section for moment is at the face of the pedestal.
1
q ave1  q max1 q ave1  184.081  kN
2
m
1
X1   ( L  D) X1  1.6 m
2
2
X1
M u  q ave1 B M u  942.5 m kN ϕ  0.9
2
Mu 1
Rn  Rn  1068.479  kN fy  420  MPa
2 2
ϕ B d m
fy
m1  m1  23.529
0.85 fc
1  2  m1 Rn  3
ρ1  1  1  ρ1  2.625  10
m1  fy 
ρmin  0.0018 ACI 318M-11 Sec. 7.12.2.1
3
ρ  if  ρ1  ρmin ρ1 ρmin  ρ  2.625  10
2
Asb  ρ B d Asb  5198 mm
Using mm bars: d bp  20 mm
2
π d bp 2
Ab1  Ab1  314  mm
4
SAUDI
Ab1
Sb1  B Sb1  241.771  mm Bar spacing
Asb
Sb  230  mm
Bar spacing to be used
B
Nbb  1 Nbb  18
Sb
Use  mm @ 230 mm spacing at the bottom, both directions
Top Reinforcement:
π 2
Ppad  Pu0  L B γc Fd   D  h 1 γc β Ppad  800.978  kN Load carried by the pad
4 during the uplift
Ppad 1
q ave1  q ave1  51.685  kN Average pressure
π 2 2 acting on top of the
L B  D m
4 pad
1
X1   ( L  D) X1  1.6 m
2
2
X1
M u  q ave1 B M u  264.6 m kN ϕ  0.9
2
Mu 1
Rn  Rn  300  kN fy  420  MPa
2 2
ϕ B d m
fy
m1  m1  23.529
0.85 fc
1  2  m1 Rn  4
ρ1  1  1  ρ1  7.204  10
m1  fy 
ρmin  0.0018 ACI 318M-11 Sec. 7.12.2.1

3
ρ  if  ρ1  ρmin ρ1 ρmin  ρ  1.8  10
2
Asb  ρ B d Asb  3564 mm
2
Ast  ρ B d Ast  3564 mm
Ab1
St1  B St1  352.592  mm
Ast
St  250  mm Bar spacing to be used
B
Nbt  1 Nbt  17
St
Use  mm @ 250 mm spacing at the top, both directions
SAUDI
K. Determine Ultimate Pedestal Capacity:

Ref: "Reinforced Concrete Design, by Chu-Kia Wang and C.G. Salmon, 7th Ed.
Calculate Moments:
H  Eh  tsp  h a H  3.425 m Total pedestal height
H
HL  HL  3.452 m Pedestal slope Height
cos θx
Foundation loads along leg slope of tower:

OCFs  1.15
Pd00  1426.39  kN Vl00  103.32 kN
Reference: Foundations Loads
Pu00  1081.04  kN Vt00  116.93 kN
2 2
Vls  OCFs Vt00  Vl00 Vls  179.443  kN
Pdls  OCFs Pd00 Pdls  1640.348 kN
Puls  OCFs Pu00 Puls  1243.196 kN
PHxls  OCFs Vl00 PHxls  118.818  kN
PHyls  OCFs Vt00 PHyls  134.47 kN
π 2
W2   D  ( H)  γc β W2  41.168 kN Pedestal weight
4
M x2d  PHyls HL M x2d  464.2 m kN
M y2d  PHxls HL M y2d  410.2 m kN
M x2u  PHyls HL M x2u  464.2 m kN
M y2u  PHxls HL M y2u  410.2 m kN
HL
M x3  W2 sin θx  M x3  8.91 m kN
2
HL
M y3  W2 sin θy  M y3  8.91 m kN
2
Moments Acting with Downward Force:

M xd  M x2d  M x3 M xd  455.3 m kN
M yd  M y2d  M y3 M yd  401.3 m kN
Pd1  Pdls  W2 Pd1  1682 kN Add Pedestal weight
SAUDI
Moments Acting with Upward Force:

M xu  M x2u  M x3 M xu  473.1 m kN
M yu  M y2u  M y3 M yu  419.1 m kN
Pu1  Puls  W2 Pu1  1202 kN
Estimate equivalent uniaxial bending moment

h 0  D h 0  800  mm Section height and width
b  D b  800  mm
d s  12 mm Diameter of Ties

diav  25 mm Diameter of long Bar
diav
d 1  cov   ds d 1  99.5 mm cov  75 mm
2
d  h 0  d 1 d  700.5  mm
β1  0.65
 h 0  1  β1
M ud  M xd  M yd   M ud  671 m kN Equivalent uniaxial moment
 b  β1 with downward force
 h 0  1  β1
M uu  M xu  M yu   M uu  699 m kN Equivalent uniaxial moment
 b  β1 with upward force
E. Determine Ultimate Compression Pier Capacity:
Using the Whitney-Hognestad formula: Ref: Reinforced Concrete Design by: Chu-Kia
Wang and C. G. Salmon, 2nd Edition
h 2  D h  2.9 m
 diav 
Ds  h 2  2   cov  d s   Ds  0.601 m
 2 
Np  21 Total Number of bars
 diav 
Dbc1  h 2  2   cov  d s   Dbc1  601  mm Bar circle diameter
 2 
π Dbc1
Sclr1   diav Sclr1  64.909 mm Clear bar spacing
Np
Smin  if  1.5 diav  40 mm 1.5 diav 40.mm Smin  40 mm Minimum spacing alllowed,
larger of 1.5db or 40mm
SClr  Smin Therefore, OK
SAUDI
2
π diav 2
Ab  Ab  491  mm
4
2
Ast  Np Ab Ast  10308  mm Steel Area
2
π h 2 2
Ag  Ag  0.503 m Gross Area
4
Ast
ρ  ρ  0.0205 Steel ratio
Ag
1. Ultimate capacity controlled by compression:

Loads with OCF:
M ud
e1  e1  0.399 m Eccentricity
Pd1
Ag fc Ast fy
Pn1  
9.6 h 2 e1 3  e1 Pn1  4085.07  kN
 1.18  1.00
 0.8 h2  0.67 Ds2 Ds
ϕPn1  0.85 Pn1 ϕPn1  3472.313 kN
fy
m1  m1  23.529
0.85 fc
 0.85 e 2 
  2 1  ρ m1 Ds  0.85 e1 
Pn2  0.85 fc h 2     0.38    0.38 Pn2  3874.14  kN
  h2  2.5 h 2  h2 
ϕPn2  0.85 Pn2 ϕPn2  3293.018 kN
3. Governing Ultimate Capacity in Compression:
Puc  if  ϕPn2  ϕPn1 ϕPn1 ϕPn2 Puc  3293 kN Governing Ultimate capacity:
Pd1  1681.516 kN Puc  Pd1 Therefore, OK:
2. Ultimate Capacity in Uplift:
D  0.8 m cov  0.075 m fy  420  MPa
5
Ds  0.601 m E  2  10  MPa
2
Ast  10308.351  mm ε c  0.003
SAUDI
D
r  r  400  mm
2
Ds
rs  rs  0.301 m
2
In order to check the interaction curve due to the uplift force, it is necessary to calculate
the bending capacity of the section, Mu0 , when the axial load is zero. Also we need to
determine, Pum0 , the maximum axial capacity of the section in the absence of the
moment. The interaction curve on the tension side is almost a straight line and therefore a
linear interaction formula can be used.
The following procedure has been developed to calculate Mu0 and Pum0 . First a value for c,
distance of the center of rotation from the center line of the section, will be assumed and
adjusted until the equilibrium of the forces are met. Then we proceed to determine the
moment and axial forces.
c  171.9887 mm Distance of the neutral axis

from the center lilne,
assumed
c
η  η  0.43 Non-dimensional parameter
r related to "c"
2
f ( η)  acos( η)  η 1  η f ( η)  0.738
2 2
Aseg  r  f ( η) Aseg  0.118 m Segment area where concrete
is under compression.
 1  η 2
1.5
g ( η)  g ( η)  0.997
f ( η)
2
Xb   g ( η)  r Xb  0.266 m Distance of the centroid of
3 the segment from the CL.
α  acos( η) α  1.126
Astt   1 
α 2
  Ast Astt  6612.565 mm Area of steel in tension.
 π
α 2
Astc   Ast Astc  3695.786 mm Area of steel in compression
π
sin( α)
Xs1  rs Xs1  0.241 m Centroid of the compression
α steel.
sin( α)
Xs2  rs Xs2  0.135 m Centroid of the tension
πα steel.
Xs1  c
R( c)  R( c)  0.302
r c
fy 3
ε y  ε y  2.1  10 Tension steel strain at
E yielding point
SAUDI
4
ε s1  R( c)  ε c ε s1  9.063  10 Compression steel strain
ε s1
fs   fy fs  181.267  MPa Stress in the compression
εy steel
Cc  0.85 fc Aseg Cc  2108.123 kN Compression force in the

concrete
Cs  Astc fs Cs  669.923  kN Compression force in the
steel
Ts  Astt  fy Ts  2777.277 kN Tension force in the steel
Eq  Ts  Cc  Cs Eq  0.768  kN Check equilibrium until Eq = 0
M up0  0.90 Ts Xs2  Cc Xb  Cs Xs1 M up0  986.2 m kN Section moment capacity
when P = 0
Pump0  0.90 fy Ast Pump0  3896.557 kN Section axial load
capacity when M = 0
M uu  698.789 m kN
Pu1  1202.028 kN
1.1 1.1
 Pu1   Muu 
IR      IR  0.959 < 1.0 Interaction Ratio Less than one,
 Pump0   Mup0  thus the selected steel area is
adequate.
Check transfer of load @ base of pedestal:
π 2 2
Ag  D Ag  0.503 m
4
ϕ  0.70
ϕPn  ϕ  0.85 fc Ag ϕPn  6280.67  kN
PTot  2590 kN < ϕPn  6280.67  kN
Np  21 Use 21 -  mm bars at the pedestal
Check development length in compression:: (ACI Code 318M-14) Sec. 12.3.2
0.24 fy
Ldc1   diav Ldc1  549.909  mm
fc MPa
1 1
Ldc2  0.043  fy diav Ldc2  451.5
kN m
Ldc3  200  mm
Provided development length in
diav compression is greater than all
Lprovd  Fd  cov   diav Lprovd  488  mm the three required lengths.
2 Thus OK.
SAUDI
TIES:
Use  mm ties @ 200 mm spacing
2
ds 2
d s  12 mm Asb  π Asb  113  mm h  2.9 m
4
h  Eh  β  cov
Nsb  1 Nsb  14 No. of ties
200  mm
Check Bonding Adequacy of the Longitudinal Bars:
d b  diav d b  25 mm Rebar diameter
Np  21 Number of bars
Hst  3300 mm Embedment depth of the stub angle
Lb1  Hst  75 mm Lb1  3225 mm Development length of bars
fc  3045.792 psi
1 Ref: ACI 408R-03 Bond and Development of
fc1  fc fc1  3045.792
psi Straight Reinforcing Bars in Tension. Eq. (1-5)
9.5 fc1 lbf

τc   τc  532.681  psi < τcmax  800  psi
db in
Pbond  π d b τc Lb1 Np Pbond  19535.537  kN Bond force developed by the rebars
above the bottom end of the stub angle.
Pu0  1061.82  kN Un-Factored uplift force
Pbond
SF  SF  18.398 Safety factor
Pu0
The safety factor against this type of failure is quite large. Thus the stub angle length and
the number and size of rebars are more than enough to prevent any imagined bond failure.
L. Bar Bending Schedules: h  h a  tsp h  3.2 m
a. Chimney rebars:
Df  h a  tsp  Fd Df  3.8 m
Df1  Df  75 mm Df1  3.875 m
OL  Df  Eh OL  4.025 m Overall Fdn. Length
diav  25 mm
A1  ( OL  250  mm)  β A1  3835 mm Np  21
B1  12 diav B1  300  mm
SAUDI
LCB  A1  B1 LCB  4135 mm
b. Tie bars:
 ds 
Cdia  h 2  2   cov   Cdia  0.638 m Tie circle diameter
 2 
Ls  π Cdia  565  mm Ls  2.569 m
c. Footing rebars:
c1  Lt  200  mm c1  3800 mm Nbt  17
c2  L  200  mm c2  3800 mm Nbb  18
Fd  2  cov
c3   100  mm c3  325  mm
2
LTB  c1  2  c3 LTB  4450 mm

LBB  c2  2  c3 LBB  4450 mm
M. Calculate Material Quantities:
1. Steel:
2
a. Pad Bars Ab1  314  mm Area of Bar
Nb   Nbb  Nbt  2 Nb  71 Number of bars
Lb  LTB Lb  4.45 m Bar length
3
Vol s1  Nb Ab1 Lb Vol s1  0.099  m Steel volume, bars
b. Pedestal Bars
2
Ab  490.874  mm Np  21
Lbp   h  Eh  β  Fd  2  cov  80 mm  300  mm Lbp  4.149 m

3
Vol s2  Np Ab Lbp Vol s2  0.043  m
c. Ties:
2
Asb  113  mm Area of one tie
Nsb  14 Number of ties
Ls  2.569 m Tie length

3
Vol s3  Nsb Asb Ls Vol s3  0.004  m Steel volume, ties
d. Total Steel Quantity:

3
Vol st  Vol s1  Vol s2  Vol s3 Vol st  0.146  m Total Steel volume
SAUDI
lbf 4 1
γst  490  γst  1.73  10  lbf
3 3
ft m
Wst  γst Vol st Wst  1.145  tonnef Total Steel Tonnage
2. Concrete Quantity:
Xuc  0 Width of the undercut
2
A11  L B A11  16 m
A22   L  Xuc   B  Xuc

2
A22  16 m
b  0.10 m
A33   L  2Xuc   B  2  Xuc

2
A33  16 m
3
Vp1  A11 b Vp1  1.6 m
Fd  b
  A11  4  A22  A33
3
Vp2  Vp2  8  m
6
3
Vpad  Vp1  Vp2 Vpad  9.6 m
Vped   π  D2   h  E   β Vped  1.749  m

3
  h
4 
3
VOLc  Vpad  Vped VOLc  11.349 m Total Concrete Volume
3. Excavation:
L  4m B  4m θ2  20 deg
h tot  h  Fd h tot  3.8 m
x  h tot  tan θ2 x  1.383 m
2
Ar1  B L Ar1  16 m
2
Arm  ( B  x )  ( L  x ) Arm  28.978 m
2
Ar2  ( B  2  x )  ( L  2  x ) Ar2  45.781 m
Volume of soil to be excavated:
h tot
  Ar1  4  Arm  Ar2
3
Vs  Vs  112.538  m
6
4. Backfill:
3
Vbf  Vs  VOLc Vbf  101.189  m
SAUDI
N. Stub Angle Clearance Check:
D  800  mm Chimney size
as  150  mm ac  100mm Stub angle size / Cleat angle size
d s  12 mm Diameter of Ties
diav  25 mm Diameter of long Bar
cov  75 mm Concrete cover
zag  20 mm Max aggregate size
cag  2  zag cag  40 mm Required clearance between stub

angle and the rebars
D
clrs   ac  diav  d s  cov clrs  188  mm
2
clrs  188  mm > cag  40 mm Therefore, OK
Check Foundation Displacement: Ref. Schmertmann et al. (1978)
Ncr  50
SPT N value
Sc  25 mm Tolerable Settlement in (mm)
Es  60 MPa Es  60 MPa Modulus of elasticity
σ0  γs 
B 1
 σ0  28.24  kN Overburden pressure at depth B/2 below
2 m
2 footing base
1
ΔP  q x ΔP  171.799  kN Applied pressure at foundation base
2
m
Iz  0.3 Strain Factor
 σ0 
C1  1.0  0.5   C1  0.918
 ΔP 
C2  1.0  0.2 log( 10 25) C2  1.48
C3  1.03  0.03 
L
 C3  1
B
 Iz 
Δh  C1 C2 C3 ΔP    FD Δh  4.083  mm < Sc  25 mm Therefore, OK
 Es 
SAUDI
SUMMARY
Calculation No.: 05-P-935A-DFR-PHC-R0
DESIGN OF PAD & CHIMNEY FOUNDATION
TW02 FOR SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF TRANSMISSION LINES IN PAKISTAN
ASSOCIATED WITH CASA 1000 PROJECT
Tower Type "PHC"
SOIL TYPE: DRY FISSURED ROCK
_____________________________________________________________________________
Loads: (Un-Factored) Geometry Material Properties: Soil Properties:

Pu0  1061.82  kN Eh  225  mm
1
γc0  23.5  kN θe  20 deg
Pd0  1406.84  kN D  800  mm 3
m
1
Vl0  228.98 kN cov  75 mm fc  21 MPa γs  14.12  kN
3
m
Vt0  243.8  kN Fd  600  mm fy  420  MPa
1
OCF  1.2 B  4000 mm θe  20 deg q allow  498  kN
2
m
L  4000 mm tsp  0.3 m
1
q max  213  kN
h a  2.9 m FD  3.5 m 2
m
OL  4.025 m d sp  725  mm
______________________________________________________________________________
Estimate Quantities:
(Quantities below are for only one foundation.)
Pedestal bars: 25mm Dia Pad bars: 20mm Dia Ties: 12mm Dia @200mm Spa.
Np  21 Nbt  17 Nbb  18 Nsb  14
Lbp  4.149 m d b  25 mm Lb  4.45 m d bp  20 mm Ls  2.569 m
Bar Bending Schedules:
Chimney rebars: Footing rebars: Tie bars:
A1  3835 mm c1  3800 mm LTB  4450 mm a1  479.258  mm

B1  300  mm Ls  2569 mm
c2  3800 mm LBB  4450 mm
LCB  4135 mm
c3  325  mm
SAUDI
Total Steel Tonnage: Wst  1.145  tonnef

3
Total Concrete Volume: VOLc  11.349 m
3
Volume of soil to be excavated: Vs  112.538  m
3
Volume of soil back-fill: Vbf  101.189  m
| OF FOOTING
PUNCH MARK ON STUB | OF PEDESTAL

AT CONCRETE LEVEL
PRIMING COAT AROMATIC STUB ANGLE

FORMULATION 700 MICRON DFT
AND ALIPHATIC POLYURETHANE CROWN FOR
COATING 300 MICRON DFT DRAINAGE
(SEE NOTE #8)
7#5 OR 19#7 AS APPLICABLE,
300
GROUNDING CONDUCTOR THROUGH
COMPRESSION CONNECTOR
TO STUB AND EXOTHERMALLY
225
250
TOP OF
NGTH
WELDED TO REBARS
STRUCTURE PAD SLOPE 15-2%
. T LE
300
NATURAL
300
GROUND LEVEL SLOPE 1.
5-2%
DMEN
)
EMBE
TYP.
500
(
8000
(TYP.)
TWO (2) COATS OF

COAL TAR EPOXY
OL
SELECTED
BACKFILL PEDESTAL
TIES @ 200mm
LONGITUDINAL
BARS
85±10mm CLEAR
COVER (TYP)
CONSTRUCTION
EXCAVATI0N JOINT TOP BARS
LINE
(BOTH WAYS)
Fd
PROVIDE 2 LAYERS OF
150 MICRONS THICK
POLYETHYLENE SHEET
100
100mm THICK BOTTOM BARS

LEAN CONCRETE B1 B1 (BOTH WAYS)
100 L 100
PAD AND CHIMNEY FOUNDATION

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SAUDI

Date: 5/28/2019 DESIGNERS

Calculation No.: 05-P-935A-DFR-PHC-R0

a. Loading: (Along the leg slope)

θx  θy θx  0  deg Leg slope angle in the X-Z plane

Pds  1406.84  kN Vts  243.8  kN M 00  0  kN m

Pus  1061.82  kN Vls  228.98 kN Reference: Foundations Loads

Pu0  Pus cos θs Pu0  108276 kgf Pu0  1062 kN

VR  Pds sin θs VR  0  kgf

OCF  1.2 Overload Capacity Factors:

D  800  mm Assumed Pedestal Size (Dia)

tsp  300  mm Structural pad thickness

FD  3.5 m Foundation depth from NGL

h a  FD  Fd h a  2.9 m Chimney height from NGL

Bt  4.0 m Lt  r Bt Lt  4 m Assumed Footing width

L  r B L  4m Assumed Footing length

fc  21 MPa fc  3045.792 psi Concrete compressive strength

fy  420  MPa Steel yield strength

E  200000 MPa Steel elastic modulus

d. Soil Properties: SOIL TYPE: DRY FISSURED ROCK

θ1 d 1  θ2 d 2  θ3 d 3  θ4 d 4

c1 d 1  c2 d 2  c3 d 3  c4 d 4

A. Determine Allowable Soil Capacity:

B. Determine Pedestal Size:

1. Based on Bearing on Concrete:

a1  Ap a1  479  mm Pedestal size

2. Pedestal as a Short Column:

a2  Ag a2  351  mm Pedestal size

Therefore, the assumed pedistal size of 800 mm is adequate.

Using the formula for the calculation of a truncated prism:

At   L  2  h 1 tan θe    B  2  h 1 tan θe 

Am   L  h 1 tan θe    B  h 1 tan θe 

Atw   L  2  d w tan θe    B  2  d w tan θe 

Amw   L  d w tan θe    B  d w tan θe 

θ  10.182 deg Leg slope angle

1  tan θx  tan θy

W1d  γc0 Vpad W1d  225.984  kN Pad weight (dry)

W1b  γc Vpad W1b  225.984  kN Pad weight (buoyant)

W1  if  d w = 0 W1d W1b W1  225.984  kN

W2  γc0   D    h 1  tsp  Eh  d w  β  γc   D    d w  β W2  41.17  kN Pedestal weight

h  h 1 h  2.9 m Taking larger of the two

a. Calculate Vertical loads:

ex   h  tsp  Eh  Fd  tan θy ex  0.508 m

ey   h  tsp  Eh  Fd  tan θx ey  0.508  m

W1  225.984  kN W1  225.98 kN Pad weight

b. Check Uplift Resistance:

h 3  h  T h 3  2.9 m Soil height considered in

Wwt  γw d w B L  ( B  L)  d w tan θe 

W2  41.168 kN Pedestal weight

W1s  γs B L Fd W1s  135.552  kN Weight of soil

Factor of safety against uplift:

2. Assume uplift is resisted by gravity and friction:

ϕ  ϕe ϕ  20 deg Angle of internal friction

Coefficient of lateral pressure, Ks:

Ksmax  1.0 Maximum value of Ks

Ks  if  Ksmax  Ks1 Ksmax Ks1 Ks  1

h  2.9 m Fd  0.6 m T0 Defined earlier