Lesson 1.

3: Patterns of Development

Learning Objectives

1. Distinguish between and among patterns of development in writing across

disciplines,
2. Write a narrative of describing a personal experience.

Learning Time (Acquire New Knowledge)

Patterns of Development help us sort out information and shape paragraphs
or essays. They can help organize an outline reflecting the purpose of the writer.
However, most paper will use a combination of methods, working together in
function of each other.
1. Narration means to tell a story about people, places, events, dates, etc. Mostly
narratives simply tell what happened in the story or the sequence of events. A
narrative of personal experience offers lessons and insights. There are four elements
of a narrative paragraph:
Setting – refers to time, place or location, atmosphere and mood of the
story.
Characters – pertain to persons involved in the story. In a story, there is a
main character known as the protagonist, and the antagonist, who is against the
protagonist.
Plot – which refers to the series of events has five parts:
• Exposition- beginning of the story where the characters and setting
are introduced.
• Rising Action- when the conflict is exposed
• Climax- the highest point of interest and the turning point of the
story.
• Falling Action- the conflicts begin to be resolved with predictable
ending.
• Denouement- refers to the final resolution of the story.
Point of View – refers to the perspective of the writer in narrating the story.
This can be first person point of view, second person point of view, and third person
point of view.
Example:
A milkman became very wealthy through dishonest means. He had to cross a
river daily to reach the city where his customers lived. He mixed the water of the river
generously with the milk that he sold for a good profit. One day he went around
collecting the dues in order to celebrate the wedding of his son. With the large
amount thus collected he purchased plenty of rich clothes and glittering gold
ornaments. But while crossing the river the boat capsized and all his costly
purchases were swallowed by the river. The milk vendor was speechless with grief.
At that time, he heard a voice that came from the river, “Do not weep. What you have
lost is only the illicit gains you earned through cheating your customers.

2. Description means to tell what something is like. A good description will revolve
around a "dominant impression." Many writing assignments in various disciplines
require the use of definition and exemplification.
3. Definition means to explain what something is.
Many writing assignments in various disciplines require the use of definition
and exemplification.
4. Exemplification is the process of extending example or a series of detailed
examples. It is also one of the most common and effective ways to show or explain
an idea or point (e.g., observation, opinion, belief). Argumentative and exemplification
essays, feature articles, reviews, reports, and case studies often use examples to
prove a point.
Example: Relative Dating is a method used to determine the relative order of
geologic events. This method does not provide actual numerical dates for the rocks
but are just estimates based on the profile of the strata. The profile of the strata
includes chemical composition, rock type, and presence of organisms.
5. Classification means to sort items in order to group together those with similar
characteristics and to distinguish them from those with different characteristics.
6. Comparison means to identify the ways in which two "different" items are similar.
Contrast means to identify the ways in which two "similar" items are different. This
means that there is no purpose in comparing or contrasting two items that do not
share some common characteristic (apples and books).
Comparing and contrasting are ways of exploring the similarities and
differences between two things. Generally speaking, comparing is showing the
similarities, and contrasting is showing differences between two things that are
related in some way.
Example:
Scientifically comparing and contrasting a butterfly and a moth, a moth tends
to be short, stout, and less colorful, whereas a butterfly is usually long, thin, and
brightly colored. Butterflies usually have larger wings than moths, which they hold
vertically when at rest. Moths, in contrast, flatten their wings or wrap them around
themselves when at rest. Butterflies usually rest with their wings closed, while moths
rest with their wings open. Butterflies are more active during the day than moths. A
butterfly's chrysalis usually hangs from a branch while a moth's cocoon is usually on
the ground or underground.
Processing Questions:
 Is the writer comparing, contrasting, or doing both?
 Which of the two subjects receives the focus?
 How is the comparison or contrast organized and how is it built?
7. Cause and Effect/ Causal analysis means to find the reasons that produced a
certain result or to identify the results produced by a certain phenomenon.
 In a cause-and-effect paragraph, there exists a causal relationship. A cause is
what makes a particular thing to happen. An effect is what results from a particular
situation, activity, or behavior. This paragraph shows the readers how one thing
affects something.
There are two ways to write a cause-and-effect-paragraph. First, identify the
effect in the topic sentence and write about its causes. Second, write about the
cause in the topic sentence then explain its effects.
Following are useful transitional expressions used to show causal
relationship. To show causes: the first cause, the first reason, yet another factor,
because, is caused by, results from. To show effects: one important effect, another
result, a third outcome, as a result, consequently, as a consequence, then, next,
therefore, thus, and so.
Example: (Cause) Putting the assignment off until the last minute has left me
no time to do well; as a consequence, I feel like I can’t do anything well and
performance task is surely low. (Effect)
8. Problem-solution means to start by identifying a problem and then proposes at
least two or more solutions.
It follows a certain paragraph structure.
 Introduction - describe the problem (who, what, when, where, why and
how) - Why it becomes a problem? - Why do we need to solve the
problem?
 Body - describe solution # 1 - Specific details of solution # 1 - Describe
solution # 2 (if there are more than 1 solution) - Specific details of
solution # 2
 Conclusion - call to action; convince reader he/she needs to act -
Remind the reader on the benefits/significance of the solution
Example:
There are certain things which students can do if they suffer from
exam anxiety. To begin with, they should get a good night’s sleep the day
before the exam. If they sleep well, they will be able to concentrate and do
well in the exam. If not, this will cause more stress and anxiety. The
second effective solution is to change their poor study habits. If they start
to study one day before the exam, this will cause worry and stress.
However, if they change such habits and start to study regularly, this will
give them confidence before and during the exam. The last thing they
should do is to think positive. When they think positive, they will get rid of
all their fears and worries. For example, visualizing themselves as a
student who has a high mark before the exam can make them feel better.
In summary, getting a good night’s sleep, changing their poor study habits
and thinking positive are effective solutions to deal with exam anxiety.
9. Persuasion means organizes ideas to show how a set of evidence leads to a
logical conclusion or argument.
Persuasive Writing intends to convince readers to believe in an idea or
opinion and to do an action. Writers use different ways of persuasion to influence
readers such as editorials, advertisements, criticisms, brochures, reaction papers,
proposals, and reviews.
Here are guide questions in developing a persuasive paragraph:
 • What is my purpose? What am I trying to argue for or against?
• Who is my audience? Who am I trying to persuade?
• What are my main points? What am I trying to say?
Let's take a look at an excerpt from persuasive essays.
“Education must continue even in time of crisis whether it may be a
calamity, disaster, emergency, quarantine, or even war.” Leonor Magtolis Brioñes.
This will be quite challenging to put into action, but one thing is undeniable: There is
a need for a stronger parent-teacher partnership this time.
Parents know their children more than any teacher does while teachers know
how to give instructions very well. If both of what they know will be combined,
educating the children amidst this pandemic can succeed. The skills parents and
teachers have, have a common purpose: to support the continuous learning of the
children. This is the very foundation of a stronger partnership!
Source:
https://www.teacherph.com/stronger-parent-teacher-partnership-amidst-pandemic/