Assignment 20%:

College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

Radiology department

Academic Year 2021/2022 2nd semester

Assignment
Biostatistics
HRS 116

STUDENT’S NAME: MAYER AL-SABER – ‫ميار خالد السبر‬

4 4 1 0 0 2 8 7 7

Question Q1 Q2 Q3 Total
ILOs 1.2 2.2 1.1 2.2 2.1 2.2
Maximum 5 3 3 3 3 3 20
mark
Obtained mark Total ……out Total……..out Total…...out
of 8 of 6 of 6
Signature Dr. Amani Alharthy Dr. Hala Elsayed

1
Please complete the following blank with the correct decision and
interpretation:
1/ Independent Samples Test
OUTPUT

Tables

Two sections (boxes) appear in the output: Group Statistics and Independent Samples Test. The first
section, Group Statistics, provides basic information about the group comparisons, including the sample
size (n), mean, standard deviation, and standard error (1 mark) for mile times by group. In this example,
there are 166 athletes and 226 non-athletes. The mean mile time for athletes is 6 minutes 51 seconds
and the mean mile time for non-athletes is 9 minutes 6 seconds (1 marks)

The second section, Independent Samples Test, displays the results most relevant to the Independent
Samples t Test. There are two parts that provide different pieces of information: (A) levene's test for
equality of variances and (B) t-test for equality of mean (C) Confidence Interval of the Difference: which
is part of the t-test output complements the significance test results (3 Marks)

DECISION AND CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results, we can state the following: There was a significant difference in mean mile time
between non-athletes and athletes (t315.846 = 15.047, p < .001).

The average mile time for athletes was 2 minutes and 14 seconds less than the average mile time for
non-athletes.

(3 Marks)

2
2/ Chi Square Test
PROBLEM STATEMENT

Let's continue the row and column percentage example from the Crosstabs tutorial, which described the
relationship between the variables RankUpperUnder (upperclassman/underclassman) and
LivesOnCampus (lives on campus/lives off-campus). Recall that the column percentages of the crosstab
appeared to indicate that upperclassmen were less likely than underclassmen to live on campus:

The proportion of underclassmen who live off campus is (79/227) *100 = 34.8%

The proportion of underclassmen who live on campus is (148/227) *100 = 65.2%,

The proportion of upperclassmen who live off campus is (152/161) * 100 = 94.4%,

The proportion of upperclassmen who live on campus is (9/161) *100 = 5.6%,

(2Marks)

OUTPUT

Tables

Suppose that we want to test the association between class rank and living on campus using a Chi-
Square Test of Independence (using α = 0.05).

3
The value of the test statistic is 138.926 (1 Mark)

DECISION AND CONCLUSIONS

therefore the p-value is lower than our chosen significance level α = 0.05, we
can reject the null hypothesis, and conclude that there is an association
between class rank and whether or not students live on-campus.
Established on the results, we can state the following: There was a significant
association between class rank and living on campus (Χ2(1) = 138.9, p < .001)
( 3 Marks)

4
3/ ANOVA Test
For instance, we have measured the weights of different rats. There are three groups of rats:

1. Controls: these have not received any physical exercise.

2. Exercised: these have performed 6 weeks of physical exercise.

3. Pill: these have been treated with a diet pill for 6 weeks.

We want to know if there are any differences between the weights of the rats after the 6-week period.
We can now formulate two hypotheses and use one way ANOVA test. (1 Mark)

The null hypothesis would be: (1 Marks)

There is no differences in the weights of the rats after the 6 week period.
The alternative hypothesis would be: (1Marks)

There is a difference in weight between the three rat groups

Output

5
 The first (Descriptive table ) contains a wealth of information including mean, standard deviation,
standard error and 95% confidence intervals stratified by each group, as well as combined. We can
clearly see large differences in mean weight values.

The following output box (ANOVA) contains all of the statistical information concerning the one-way
ANOVA test. This contains the degrees of freedom (df), the F statistic (F) and the all-important
significance value (Sig.)

Interpretation Based on the table we can see that the significance (Sig.) value is ‘.000‘. This is
considerably less than our significance threshold of P<0.05. for that reason , we should reject the null
hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. (3 Marks)