PCB ESSENTIALS

Basic concepts in PCB Design

A TOPOLOGY IS THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE POWER DEVICES AND THEIR
MAGNETIC ELEMENTS.
What is PCB?

 PCB is a copper laminated and non-conductive Printed Circuit Board

 all electrical and electronic components are connected together in one
common board with physical support for all components with base of board
 When PCB is not developed, at that time all components are connected with a
wire which increases complexity and decreases reliability of the circuit
 by this way we cannot make a very large circuit like motherboard
 It can be found in many electronics devices like; TV, Mobile, Digital camera,
Computers parts like; Graphic cards, Motherboard
 medical devices, industrial machinery, automotive industries, lighting, etc
TYPES OF PCB

 Single-Sided PCBs
 Double-Sided PCBs
 Multilayer PCBs
Single-Sided PCB Double-Sided PCB Multilayer PCB
 Rigid PCBs
 Flex PCBs
 Rigid-Flex PCBs

Rigid PCBs Flex PCBs Rigid-Flex PCBs

IPC Performance classes

CLASS 1(General Electronic Products)

❑ Lowest quality requirements
❑ Short life cycle.
❑ Most inexpensive
CLASS 2(Dedicated Serboardsvice Electronic Products)
❑ High performance and extended life
❑ Long life cycle.
❑ Higher reliability
CLASS 3(High Reliability Electronic Products)
❑ High performance and extended life
❑ Very long life cycle.
Compare different CLASS
EDA TOOLS

 Altium designer
 Cadence allegro
 KI cad
 Eagle
 Zuken
 PADS
 Easy EDA
 Xpedition
Steps in Design process

 Schematic capture
 Preparing schematic for layouts
--adding package symbols
--Creating Netlist
 Basic setup of constrains
 Layout
--Placing components
--Routing Traces
 Prepare for manufacture
 Generating Artworks(Gerber files)& Drill files
 Generating Documentation
 Submitting PCB files for fabrication
NETLIST
Basic board structure
Multilayer PCB
PCB materials
 FR4 (FIRE RETARDENT)
 Most common glass laminated material
 Based on woven glass-epoxy compounds
 Its provides good mechanical strength
 FR1-FR2
 Material Paper and phenol
 Used for only single layer PCB
 Polyimide
 Its used for flex PCB
 material is made from kepton, rogers, dupont
 Prepreg
 Prepreg means pre-impregnated
 Fiberglass impregnated with resin
 Prepreg has adhesive layer which gives strength similar to FR4
vias
Final output
Artwork file name generated by
PCB Editor designer
TOP.art
BOTTOM.art
Fab.art
Silkscreen_Top.art
Silkscreen_Bot.art
Soldermask_Top.art
Soldermask_Bot.art
Outline
Project-name.drl
Associated PCB Layers
TOP Layer (copper)
BOTTOM Layer(copper)
Fabrication details
TOP Silkscreen
BOTTOM Silkscreen
TOP Solder mask
BOTTOM Solder mask
Board outline
Drill file
IPC-2221
Electrical conductor spacing design
Linear v/s SMPS
LINEAR POWER SUPPLY
 Only step down applications
 This is done by operating a bipolar transistor or MOSFET pass unit in its linear
operating mode
 headroom loss causes the linear regulator to only be 35 to 65 percent efficient
 Designing with a linear regulator is simple and cheap, requiring few external
components
 Designing with a linear regulator is simple and cheap, requiring few external
components
 The cost of the heatsink actually makes the linear regulator uneconomical above
10 watts for small applications.
 Bulk in size, as compared SMPS
Linear v/s SMPS
SMPS
 Switching power supplies operate two efficient operating states: cutoff,
saturation
 Switching power supplies are much more efficient, ranging from 65 to 95
percent.
 Designing with a linear regulator is simple and cheap, requiring few external
components
 Design is complex
 High frequency switch elements exist, It required filters