Research Proposal Veronica Group ABM11

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Archdiocese of Lingayen – Dagupan Catholic School

ST. JOHN’S CATHEDRAL SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dagupan City, Philippines
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
“The LORD makes firm the steps of the one who delights in him; though
he may stumble, he will not fail, for the LORD upholds him with his hand. ”
(Psalm 37:23-24, New International Version Bible). With this Bible verse, one
can reflect that running a business will be challenging in many ways he or she
never considered. Just like in life, it will be a roller coaster of experience. He or
she will encounter numerous up and down situations. There will be days when he
or she stumbles, but God will always be there to catch and lift him or her back up.
“The essence of business is all about getting the job done for your
customer or client and being compensated for it. All the processes and
efficiencies that can be mustered to make things run smoothly and reach the
endgame should be the number one priority.”( Ken Makovsky). As time goes by,
commerce and over all economy from local to global have been evolving to
something much greater. Many aspects and fields have helped the economy
especially technology that augmented and gave many contributions.
Entrepreneurs and workers are working hard and ensuring their businesses in
preparing to adapt in any kind of state and to provide their utmost customer
service to their clients. Now, we have what we call Ecommerce. According to
business encyclopedia, Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or

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internet commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using
the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions. It
is an online platform and it seems that Ecommerce gave hope and opportunities
to many workers to deal with the economic crisis and present pandemic.
Recently, the pandemic that the humanity have been facing right now gave an
economic shock. And it resulted of mostly big and small businesses to shift to
online business.
The coronavirus (Covid-19) has a wide-range reaching effect on e-
commerce, technology, business travel, event, and the economy. It has already
taken the lives of many and is also taking. In addition to this, every country
follows lockdowns procedures as a means of preventing measures. According to
a published article written by Gita Gopinath, Chief Economist, International
Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2020, Covid-19 pandemic pushed economies into a
Great Lockdown, which helped contain the virus and save lives, but also
triggered the worst recession since the Great Depression. Over 75 percent of
countries are now reopening at the same time as the pandemic is intensifying in
many emerging market and developing economies. Several countries have
started to recover. However, in the absence of a medical solution, the strength of
the recovery is highly uncertain and the impact on sectors and countries are
uneven. The COVID-19 pandemic is set to result recession since the Great
Depression in 1920s. Revisions to the IMF's April forecast now predict global
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output to fall 4.9% this year. These projections imply a cumulative loss to the
global economy over two years (2020-21) of over $12 trillion from the crisis.
China is the central manufacturing hub for many businesses globally.
Therefore, any disruption in China's output will simply have percussions. In
Malaysia, the market dependable upon the China product and it will highly impact
the economy of Malaysia. Further, online businesses are also not out of the list.
They are also severely affected in Malaysia. Many e-commerce businesses rely
upon China for half of its merchandise products. Therefore, it is assumed that
this deadly virus will severely impact the Malaysian online business especially
the Chinese products. (
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340445932_The_Impact_of_Coronaviru
s_Covid-19_on_E-Business_in_Malaysia )
The impact of global economic disruption is as big a threat to low-income
countries as the direct effects of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has not
erupted across Africa with the ferocity it has elsewhere, at least not yet.
Recorded COVID-19 deaths across the continent stood at around 25,000 by mid-
August 2020, with approximately half of these recorded in South Africa. This is
around 3% of global fatalities whil Africa accounts for 17% of global population,
although there are concerns about underreporting of cases and fatalities. But the
economic effects of the pandemic are already widespread and disproportionate

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to the public heaalth impact. This reflects the rapid and aggressive
implementation of lock-down measures across most of sub Saharan Africa, from
as early as the second week in March (Hale et al. 2020). These have had a direct
impact on economies, curtailing economic activity, forcing businesses to operate
at inefficient scale: lockdowns are a significant supply shock (Brinca et al. 2020).
Subsequeantly, they reduce domestic demand and further squeeze tax revenues
just when governments are seeking to increase spending on health and social
protection. (https://voxeu.org/article/impact-global-economic-disruption-big-
threat-low-income-countries-direct-effects-covid-19 )
An epidemiological threat such as the new coronavirus, which causes the
disease COVID-19, can have disruptive effects on the economy. It can disrupt
the global supply of goods, making it harder for U.S. firms to fill orders. It can
also waylay workers in affected areas, reducing labor supply on one end and on
the othe slow demand for U.S. products and services. International Monetary
Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva says the outbreak is the worlds
“most pressing uncertainty.” The economic disruptions caused by the virus and
the increased uncertainty are being reflected in lower valuations and increased
votality in the financial markets. While the exact effect of the coronavirus on the
U.S. economy is unknown and unknowable, it is clear that is poses tremendous
risks. (
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2020/03/06/481394/
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economic-impact-coronavirus-united-states-possible-economic-policy-responses/
According to a published article written by Louis Columbus, an Enterprise
Tech in Forbes, 2020, over 306 million Americans are affected by stay-at-home
orders, nearly 95% of the U.S. population. COVID-19 will forever change
retailing, and its initial impact on e-commerce is creating cahllenges to online
selling amd service no one imagined in January. Mobile debices are the most
popular device for online shopping by a wide margin. 72% of consumers are
usong mobile devices to shop in stores according to the latest PYMNT'S 2020
Remote Payment Study. E-commerce and online retailers' supply chains, order
management, and fulfillment systems are all being tested by the triple-digit order
and revenue growth going on today. And best of all, more energy and intensity is
being put into improvising customer experiences online.
In the Philippines, the Philippine economy is forecast to contract by 7.3%
in 2020 amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic before growth
returns to 6.5% in 2021, according to a report from the Asian Debelopment Back
(ADB), 2020. The economy is expected to rebound in 2021 as the outbreak is
contained, the economy is further opened, and more government stimulus
measures are implemented. Downside risks next year include a slower than
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expected global recovery that could weigh heavily on trade, investment, and
overseas Filipino worker remittances.
“We believe the worst is now over and that the contraction in GDP
bottomed out in May or June this year. The package of measures the
government rolled out such as income support to families, relief for small
businesses, and support to agriculture in the second quarter all helped the
economy to bottom out. We expect the recovery to be slow and fragile for the
rest of this year, and growth to accelerate in 2021 on the back of additional fiscal
support and an accomodative monetary policy stance,” said ADB Country
DIRECTOR for the Philippines Kelly Bird.
ADB has so far provided about $2.3 billion in loans and grants to support
the government ‘s urgent COVID-19 response, including social protection
livelihood support to help mitigate the impacts on livelihoods and employment
assistance to further scale ip the government's health response against the
pandemic. Following a contraction of 9.0% in the first half of 2020, a slow
economic recovery is expected to start in the second half of 2020, as the
government's fiscal response gains traction and household consumption slowly
picks up on a jobs rebound. Following the relaxation of community quarantines in
June 2020, the employment situation in July improved markedly from April. The
services sector was the main job creator with 3.4 million jobs added between
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April and July, followed by agricultural and industrial sectors, with 2.1 million and
2 million, respectively. Consequently, the unemployment rate fell from 17.7% in
April to 10.0% in July.
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on economies and
people of all nations and of all ages, from walks of life, across the globe. Social
media and virtual meetings, domestically amd across the globe, have become
the “new normal" as people strive to keep normalcy in their lives amid pandemic
restrictions. In Philippines, Digital 2020 April Statshot reported by Hootsuite and
We Are Social revealed that 64% of Filipino interneg users are spending more
time on social media, with 23% indicating an increased activity in their online
shopping activity.
With consumers resorting more to online shopping amid pandemic
restrictions, entrepreneurs have embraced the digital phenomenon for online
shopping even more. E-commerce websites such as Lazada and Shopee are at
the forefront of these online shopping platforms with expected surges in sales
revenues in millions of pesos. Technology has already transformed online
business transactions into an infinite marketplace where conducting business
has become more convenient and efficient for both vendors and vendees. The
COVID-19 pandemic has made this market place a more obvious necessity.
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(https://home.kpmg/ph/en/home/insights/2020/07/the-new-normal-of-increased-
online-business-transactions.html)
The effects of lockdown and community quarantines caused by the Covid-
19 pandemic resulted of youth and students on trying and starting businesses
and mostly e-commerce businesses. Also, Youth Co: Lab conducted a rapid
survey of 410 young entrepreneurs across 18 countries and a wide rang of
sectors. 9 out of 10 young entrepreneurs in Asia-Pacific report that coronavirus
(COVID-19) has negatively impacted their businesses. The result present a
troubling picture of how already vulnerable youth-led enterprises are struggling to
survive in the face of an unprecedented economic shock.
Despite these negative impacts , the survey also revealed inspiring ways
in which youth-led enterprises across Asia-Pacific are innovating to support their
communities to combat coronavirus and build back better. Youth-led enterprises
are fighting misinformations, mobilising community action to protect the
vulnerable, and developing innovative new products and services. For example,
AI4GOV in the Philippines, Moner Bondhu in Bangladesh, Accessi Wheels – one
of Youth Co: Lab Philippines 2019 winners.
Survey respondents were asked what measures would help them to
survive the crisis. The measures most commonly cited were tax exemptions for
small businesses, loans, reduce rates or extent payment deadline for utilities,
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provide wage support for small businesses, extend social protection schemes,
provide clearer guidelines to business, provide incentives, set up E-commerce
platforms, support small businesses to transition to e-commerce platforms or
remote working; subsidise internet access, and last use control measures to
manage disruption supply chains.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating fro young
entrepreneurs. But despite the harsh economic climate, some are still hustling
and finding innovative ideas and ways to keep their business alive.
Theoretical Framework
This study is grounded on these following theories:
“Buying Formula” Theory of Selling
The buyer’s needs or problems receive major attention, and the
salesperson’s role is to help the buyer to find solutions. This theory’s purpose is
to answer the question: What thinking process goes on in the prospects’s mind
that causes the decision to buy or not to buy? The name “buying formula” was
given to this theory by E.K. Strong. The theory is based on the fact that there is a
need or a problem for which a solution must be found which would lead to
purchase decision, as shown below:

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Whenever an individual feels a need, he is said to be conscious of a
deficiency of satisfaction. The solution will always be a product or service or both
and they may belong to a producer or seller. The buyer develops interest in
buying a solution. In purchasing, the “solution” involves two parts: (1) Product or
service or both, (2) The brand name, manufacturer or the salesperson of the
particular brand name. The product or service (Brand name) must be considered
adequate to satisfy the need and the buyer must experience a pleasant feeling or
anticipated satisfaction. This ensure the purchase. The same goes with online
selling, customers are said to be the lifeblood of a business and with this buyer-
oriented theory we can see the breakdown of their buying satisfactory needs and
decisions. The products and services offered, especially online is in it’s widest
range now because of the pandemic. COVID-19 caused a lot of negative effects
for the country’s economy but entrepreneurs, especially the young ones used this
as an opportunity to come-up in developing new innovative products and
services. The innovations will direct to the “Buying Formula” Theory of Selling.
The point here is that there is a need. Such need again will lead to the purchase
decision of the target market for online business. The solution is the product or
service or both and it belong to the seller/producer. To top it all, buyers are the
people who purchases, so entrepreneurs or anyone who sells needs to
understand, take care and provide trustworthy and efficient products and
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services for them, because in the end they’re the ones’ who puts in money for the
business.
Theories of Digital Marketing
Theories of Digital Marketing are clearly about how to manage an online
business. According to this theory getting started with an online business you
need to have an e-commerce website the one that will allow buying of your
product, another is email marketing to reach out your customers, and last is
social media marketing to engage with potential customers and to expand the
business. In recent years digital marketing has risen up and over half of shoppers
surveyed by Google in 2019 are using Google to research a possible purchase
online. This digital marketing includes all strategies to reach out the online
customers. Social media announcement, email or direct messages marketing
and video streams are included with the strategies online. Some marketers are
using offline marketing strategy, by the use of newspaper ads, product flyers,
street-level marketing and more. Knowing the division of your customers in

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market segmentation will help you to better reach out your targeted customers
according to this theory.
When it comes to prices, product features, product functions and the like,
the customers can always give their insights about the product. Customers are
showing the marketers what they want about the product or service. If you
choose this digital marketing in your small business it may result to a lot of work
but it brings you a solid reward to the company and revenue. The theory includes
insights about how to acquire new customers through the use of digital
marketing, it can be on gathered in professional business groups or social media
groups. Then these new customers are what you need to convert by purchasing
goods and services from your business. This conversion is a digital marketing
terminology which means that the customer is doing what you set goals for
according to the theory. The goal is to retain these customers for future
purchases. And you need to grow your relationships with these customers. This
may involve encouragement such as sending announcements with more sales
and sending occasional discounts. Many new companies set up online stores
that allow to shows customers anytime and anywhere. Mobile phones had a wide
range of use right now and by the use of internet connection people can buy
whatever they want and whenever they want. Digital marketers are getting
people’s attention while on their phone. And they convince people to buy different
goods and service from their store or company

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This theory will help young entrepreneurs on how they would set up their
online businesses properly. Digital marketing is difficult but having the right
knowledge and skill may have excellent result in the business. This theory shows
various strategies that the young entrepreneurs can use upon improving their
business. It’s hard to convince people to purchase the goods or services but with
a pleasant marketing strategy it would make the businesses of young
entrepreneurs to the highest level. Therefore this theory can serve as an escort
to those young entrepreneurs who have online business nowadays. It will help
them in their goal to have new customers that will continue buying to them after
being satisfied with the first purchase. Similarly it will help young entrepreneurs
upon dealing with customers to have a good impression with them. And if
business problem in marketing occur, the young entrepreneurs is knowledgeable
to handle this kind of situation.
PRICING STRATEGY THEORY
Pricing Strategy Theory is about choosing the right way of pricing of a
product that will help to have a correct price-quality signal. As indicated by Dana
Griffin (2019) the pricing strategy aims to convince the buyer. There are three
main points of pricing strategy: cost and profit objectives, consumer demand, and
competition. In cost and profit you just add all the costs together and subtract any
other sources of revenue. This cost-based pricing, without considering the

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demand you just set prices based on production costs and the desired profit.
While in consumer demand for you to determine the maximum selling price you
need to consider the customers and the demand of the product. In this demand-
based pricing, if consumer research helps to discover the acceptable price range,
then you can determine profit and cost requirements within that range. And in
competition to choose the best price you will use profit objectives and information
about the competitors. In this competition-based pricing, you set your prices
based on your competitors.
The pricing strategy theory is an attempt to clearly understand the different
pricing advantage. Premium pricing can be use when there is a serious chance
or advantage over the competitor. The product can charge a high price for its
uniqueness. Penetration pricing can be use when you’re new to a market to gain
customer’s loyalty, it is setting prices extra-low to gain market share and then
raise them later. Skim pricing, when you start out with a competitive advantage
but know it won’t last. The skimming allows you to make more profit in the
beginning and then lower prices to remain competitive later. And economy
pricing is a straight low price, it keeps the costs low, keep the prices low but still
turn a profit.
Another pricing advantage is psychological pricing tactics which means
setting the price that a customers would have an emotional reaction. The theory
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gave an example, in the United States the price of the gasoline to $3.139/gallon,
the consumers will read it as $3.13, but marketers actually charge $3.14 since it
was being round up to the nearest penny. This kind of pricing is all about the
perspective because customers see odd prices as more attractive or lower than
they really are. Product oriented pricing is another pricing advantage which
means adding additional extras to a certain product such as selling products in a
bundle, this would give another level of pricing. If a product has partner, sell the
initial purchase at lower price and recoup the costs with a secondary purchase.
Consider the promotional pricing to draw your customers to a product such as
buy-one-take-one and with the hope that they will continue buying even if the
promotion ends.
Online businesses are very popular nowadays and this theory will help the
young entrepreneurs on how they will manage the price of their products. Pricing
is the most important decision that the marketers will do. The price will represent
the product’s value and why the customers are willing to pay for it. Various
pricing strategies in this theory can be used by the young entrepreneurs that may
help their online business to get into another level. This will be a guide to them
on how they will put a price to each product without having loss on their part. It
may help them decide what price to a certain product if the product can be cost-
based, demand-based or competition-based. And it will help them to make higher
revenue without being profiteer on the other side.

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Conceptual Framework
According to the Republic Act No. 7394 or the “Consumer Act of the
Philippines” (R.A. 7394) advances the “protection against deceptive, unfair and
conscionable sales acts and practices” as well as promotes the “provision of
information and education to facilitate sound choice and the proper exercise of
rights by the consumer.” Further, Republic Act No. 8792 or the “Electronic
Commerce Act of 2000” (R.A. 8792), which aims to facilitate the dealings,
transactions, arrangements agreements, contracts and exchanges and storage
of information through the utilization of electronic medium, extends the coverage
of Republic Act No. 7394 or the “Consumer Act of the Philippines” to transactions
made with the use of electronic medium.
Through the Joint Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)Department of Health
(DOH)--Department of Agriculture (DA) Administrative Order No. 01, Series of
2008 (Joint Administrative Order No. 01), “Online Shopping” is included in the
coverage of R.A. 7394, classified as transactions through electronic means under
R.A. 8792. Difference, however, between a seller in its normal sense and a
seller contemplated under Article 4 of RA 7394 should be made. For a person to
be considered as a seller under R.A. 7394, he should be engaged in the
business of selling consumer products directly to consumers.

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If a seller, in its normal sense, is an individual or a group of individuals not
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), the applicable law is Article 315
(Swindling/Estafa) of the Revised Penal Code. On the other hand, if a seller falls
under the definition provided by R.A. 7394 a registered entity with the SEC or
DTI then the applicable law is the Consumer Act of the Philippines. Both laws,
however, can be related to R.A. 10175 if committed by, through and with the use
of information and communications technologies. The following are laws and
related issuances to regulate “sellers” as defined in R.A. 7394. (See Appendix C)
( www.doj.gov.ph )
With the following, figure 1 projects the conceptual paradigm of the study.
It manifests the input, the process and the output. The first box shows the
following respondents’ profile such as sex, age and grade level. And the second
box, the level of awareness of the students as young entrepreneurs on online
business management in terms of supplies, finances, and marketing strategy
The middle box explained the process of that the gathered data will be
undergoing. Analyzing the data will be used to determine the relationship
between the two variables mentioned above.
The proposed output would be a educational or tutorial videos about
managing an online business in early age or as a young entrepreneur to

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increase the awareness and skills of student involving online businesses during a
pandemic such as COVID-19.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Profile of the
Educational or
respondent in terms
tutorial videos
of;
Sex; about managing an
Age; and Analysis of the
online business in
Grade Level data gathered
early age or as a
through
young
survey
2.Level of awareness of entrepreneur to
the students as young questionnaire.
increase the
entrepreneurs on Online .
awareness and
Business Management
in terms of; skills of student
2.1Ecommerce Usage involving online
2.2 “New Normal" in 19
businesses during
Economy ; and Archdiocese of Lingayen – Dagupan Catholic School
2.3 Effects of Lockdown a pandemic such
and Quarantines Dagupan City, Philippines
as COVID-19.
FIGURE 1: The Paradigm of the Study
Statement of the Problem
The main problem of this study is to find out the level of awareness of
students about the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Online Businesses among
Grade 11 and Grade 12 students of St. John’s Cathedral School inside the
Campus.
This study seeks to discover the answers of these following questions:

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1. What is the profile of the respondent in terms of;
1.1 Sex;
1.2 Age; and
1.3 Grade Level?
2. What is the level of understanding of students on online business

management during a pandemic in terms of;
2.1 E-commerce Usage
2.2 “New Normal" in Economy and
2.3 Effects of Lockdown and Quarantines?
3. What output could be proposed to address the findings of the study?
Assumption
There is a high level of awareness regarding the impacts of COVID-19
pandemic in Online Businesses among Grade 11 and 12 of St. John’s Cathedral
School.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
The study will include 18 students in each strand from Grade 11 and 12 of
the Senior High School Department. The data will be gathered through survey
questionnaires to assess their level of awareness on the Impacts of COVID-19
on Students' Online Businesses.

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Significance of the Study
The results of this study would be of great help to the government,
students, society , readers and future research in the following ways:
Students. This study would help them to gain more knowledge about
Electronic commerce and online business management.
The School. This study would help the school to improve the young
people or school children when it comes to proper waste management.
Society. This study can augment the awareness of citizens that would like
to start an online business. Can also hive ideas an ways to people who are
seeking for a job and people hiring.
Readers. This study would help the readers to know how the student
entrepreneurs of St. John's Cathedral school manage their online businesses
and awareness.
Future Researchers. This study would help the future researchers as
their basis of their study and additional literature for their future investigations.
Definition of Terms
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The following terms are defined operationally within the context for the
reader to thoroughly understand how each term is utilized in the study.
COVID-19. Is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. ‘Co'
stands for corona, ‘VI' stands for virus, and ‘D' for disease. Formerly, this disease
was referred to as ‘2019 novel coronavirus' or ‘2019-nCoV'.
Pandemic. An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area,
crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.
Quarantine. To put or hold in isolation to prevent the spread of disease or
pests.
Online Business. Also know as e-business. Is any kind of business or
commercial transactions that includes sharing information across internet.
Ecommerce. Also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce,
refers to buying and selling of goods and services using the internet, and the
transfer of money and data to execute these transactions.
Commerce. The activity of buying and selling, especially on a large scale.
Economy. The wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in
terms of the production and consumption of hoods and services.
Entrepreneur. An individual who creates a new business, bearing most
of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards.
Profile. A description of someone containing all the most important or
interesting facts about the person.

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Age. The length of time that a person has lived
Sex. Either of the two main categories (male and female) into which
humans and most other living things are divided on the basis of their reproductive
functions.
Grade Level. Is the level of the educational program studied by a student.
Supply. A stock of a resource from which a person or place can be
provided with the necessary amount of that resource.
Finance. The management of large amounts of money, especially by
governments or large companies.
Sales. The exchange of a commodity for money; the action of selling
something.
Revenue. Income, especially when a company or organization and of a
substantial nature.
Market. A regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of
provisions, livestock, and other commodities.
Marketing. The action or business of promoting and selling products or
services, including market research and advertising.
Marketing strategy. Is a long-term, forward-looking approach and an
overall game plan of any organization or any business with the fundamental goal
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of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage by understanding the needs
and wants of customers.
Awareness. It is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious
of events, objects, or sensory patterns.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literatures and studies, which have direct
bearing or relation to the present study. From this information, relevant data were
taken to strengthen the study.
Related Literature
The COVID-19 virus, which has infected over 4.1m people in 185 countries as of
10 May, is continuously hurting the global economy. While some countries have
gradually lifted their restrictions, most countries including Singapore, the United States,
the United Kingdom, and the Philippines are still on lockdown as they control the
outbreak.
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While it is difficult to predict how long the pandemic will impact the global economy,
the ongoing lockdowns have resulted in job losses, supply chain problems, travel
restrictions, and business disruptions across the world.
In the Philippines, the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) in Luzon was
declared on 16 March, and was originally set to end on 12 April. The ECQ was then
extended to 30 April, and on 24 April, the Philippine President further extended it to 15
May. With the longer ECQ, economists have lowered the 2020 growth forecast for
the Philippines to 0.2%, which is significantly lower than the government’s initial target
growth rate of 6.5% to 7.5%. The lower household consumption, decline in cash
remittances, ban on public transport, and business closures because of the pandemic
are among the reasons for the economic slowdown. In March, the National Economic
and Development Authority (NEDA) estimated that the potential job losses in the
Philippines will reach 1.8m. COVID-19’s impact on the Philippine economy, however,
may be managed depending on the government’s response and actions.
(https://www.pwc.com/ph/en/publications/startups-pwc-philippines/startups-
covid19.html)
Covid-19 Pandemic: Cause and Effects

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The COVID 19 outbreak is a sharp reminder that pandemics, like other rarely
occurring catastrophes, have happen in the past and will continue to happen in the
future. Even if we cannot prevent dangerous viruses from emerging, we should prepare
to dampen their effects on society. The current outbreak has had severe economic
consequences across the globe, and it does not look good like any country will be
unaffected. This not only has consequences for the economy; all of society is affected,
which has led to dramatic changes in how businesses act and consumers behave. This
special issue is a global effort to address some of the pandemic related issues affecting
society.
The effect of the coronavirus pandemic-and the lockdowns in response to it-
on brick and mortar small and medium sized business cannot be understated. Stores
and restaurants that relied solely on their physical outlets continue to shutter due to the
immobilized populace. Owners and employees continue to cite the lack of financial
support from the government as one of the main reasons they are unable to continue
operating, despite promises to help keep smaller business afloat. With consumers
resorting more to online shopping amid pandemics restrictions, entrepreneurs have
embraced the digital phenomenon for online shopping even more. E-commerce
websites such as Lazada and Shopee are at the forefront of these online shopping
platforms with expected surges in sales revenues in millions of pesos. Technology has
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already transformed online business transactions into a infinite marketplace where
conducting business has become more convenient and efficient for both vendors and
vendees. The COVID-19 pandemic has made this marketplace a more obvious necessity.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0148296320303830)
Related Studies
Helping and spreading awareness of the impacts of Covid-19 in Online
businesses starts with the good understanding of the researcher, by living and
practicing in proper way the rights of being a seller or consumer and following the
rules of the law and safety guides or protocols.
Foreign
The Faculty of Business Administration, Ton Duc Thang University, No. 19
Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
(2020) published the “Managing the effectiveness of e-commerce platforms in a
pandemic”. Given the severe impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on business
activities, this study presents a systematic framework to examine the effect of the
perceived effectiveness of e-commerce platforms (PEEP) on consumer's
perceived economic benefits in predicting sustainable consumption. This study
adopted uses and gratification theory to base the conceptual model while adding
a boundary condition of pandemic fear. The primary research method of this

28
study is a quantitative survey and analysis. Using a sample of 617 online
consumers with PLS analytical technique, this study finds a positive moderating
effect of pandemic fear on the relationships among PEEP, economic benefits,
and sustainable consumption. The contribution of this study is its examination of
how economic benefit mediates the PEEP and sustainable consumption
relationship which is dependable on the levels of pandemic fear. Implications for
managers and theory are also discussed.
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7475027/?
fbclid=IwAR0e3NKtW7QEmvjs0nMbOJW1WZyUaBUKLKcttl-
nrvZWHOwaM8Tmf68FUFY)
“The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and
expectations” the study of Alexander W. Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoe Cullen,
Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. They conducted a
survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4,
2020. Across the full sample, 43% of businesses had temporarily closed, and
nearly all of these closures were due to COVID-19. This study provides insight
into the economic impact of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) on small businesses.
The results shed light on both the financial fragility of many small businesses,
and the significant impact COVID-19 had on these businesses in the weeks after
the COVID-19–related disruptions began. The results also provide evidence on

29
businesses’ expectations about the longer-term impact of COVID-19, as well as
their perceptions of relief programs offered by the government.
(https://www.pnas.org/content/117/30/17656?
fbclid=IwAR2w0g2yivYt0Av3m8y_Vjtx5ayceoWMje2Yn7rl1P-
qdkbOPAK8SDd7Gvs)
“Understanding the COVID-19 Effect on Online Shopping Behavior”
by Susan Meyer (2020). As news of COVID-19 spread and as it was officially
declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, people responded by
stocking up. They bought out medical supplies like hand sanitizer and masks and
household essentials like toilet paper and bread. Soon, both brick-and-mortar
and online stores were struggling to keep up with demand, and price gouging for
supplies became rampant. Generational Purchasing Responses to COVID-19,
one survey of U.S. and U.K. consumers found that 96% of Millenials and Gen Zs
are concerned about the pandemic and its effects on the economy. The older
generations are slightly less concerned than younger generations and letting it
impact their shopping habits less. For example, 24% of Boomers and 34% of
Gen X said they were letting current events impact what items they purchase,
compared to nearly half of Millennials. While survey data shows that women are
more likely to be concerned about the effects of COVID-19, it also shows that
men are more likely to have it impact their shopping behaviors. One-third of men,
30
compared to 25% of women, reported the pandemic affecting how much they
spend on products. Additionally, 36% of men, compared to 28% of women,
reported it affecting how much they are spending on experiences (travel,
restaurants, entertainment, etc.). (https://www.bigcommerce.com/blog/covid-19-
ecommerce/#product-categories-shifting-during-covid-19)
Local
“Online Purchase Behavior during COVID-19 pandemic Philippines 2020 by
age group” Published by Martha Jean Sanchez (2020) According to a survey
conducted by Rakuten Insight, 44 percent of respondents aged 35 to 44 stated
they purchased more online during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines as
of May 2020. On the other hand, 16 percent of the respondents aged 25 to 34
and 34 to 54 years old each stated there was no impact on their online
purchases. The statistics, surveys, and forecasts are based on the primary data
gathered by the research teams and on secondary data from their partners. The
survey was conducted among 3,061 respondents aged 16 to 24 years old, 6,353
respondents aged 25 to 34 years old, 3,062 respondents aged 35 to 44 years
old, 699 respondents aged 45 to 54 years, 292 respondents aged 55 years and
above. (https://www.statista.com/statistics/1126519/philippines-impact-on-online-
purchase-behavior-covid-19-by-age-group/#statisticContainer)
Synthesis
31
Based on the information presented on the review of related literature and
studies, the impact of the COVID-19 in online businesses have caused the rise
and fall of many businesses. For many, online businesses became means of
coping with the backlash of the pandemic by creating an entirely new primary
source of income for those who have lost their jobs or have been unable to find
employment due to hiring freezes. Online selling platforms have witnessed
significant growth on customers behavior during the pandemic with this, it's up to
business sectors to improve it's services to insure loyalty among it's target
market.
The idea of starting an online business becomes more and more appealing
today that we have pandemic. Especially for student, it's an opportunity to earn a
bit of income. Whether you’re looking to expand your existing business
knowledge or start completely from scratch, we’ve gathered some free, basic
resources to navigate your way towards starting an online enterprise. Many
people continue to innovate and overcome the challenges presented by
lockdowns and limited movement. Armed with their ideas and the internet, they
have brought about a wave of new online micro-businesses that seek to provide
everything from food to tutoring services.
Lockdown and community quarantine challenged e-commerce platforms
and other online sellers to develop it's services since it will reflect on customers.
32
Because it's not just being available, the product must be consistent and very
good quality because that's important when it comes to online selling. In addition,
e-commerce platforms and online sellers would continue to grow, even in a post
pandemic society. Social media also helped some small businesses transition
from a physical business to one that is operational online. Sometimes even
encouraging owners to experiment by adding new product or services.
Having awareness about the impacts of COVID-19 in online businesses is a
must for people , both the person would like to start an online business and the
consumer. Findings shows that the awareness on impacts of the COVID-19
pandemic of students was high. Although, a lot of young entrepreneurs have
experienced pandemic shock on their work especially online business. They are
taking the chances that the pandemic gave into a new level. Many are creating
new ways and innovating ideas on how to turn these economic problems into
new opportunities. Gathering knowledge and studying the impacts brought by the
pandemic have made the economy experts to create a plan and practice
preparedness and awareness in terms of economic crisis induced pandemic.
Thus, the researcher is being motivated to embark on this study.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
33
This chapter presents the methods and procedures, wherein the research
design, sources of data (Locale of Study and Population Sampling),
instrumentation and data collection and tools for analysis will be tackled.
Research Design
Muhammad Yousaf (2019) mentioned that a research design is a
systematic approach that a researcher uses to conduct a scientific study. It is the
overall synchronization of identified components and data resulting in a plausible
outcome. It should follow a strategic methodology, in line with the type of
research chosen. This design will serve as the “backbone” of the study in which
the components and plans for conducting the study will be provided for a
successful study.
As stated by Martyn Shuttleworth (2009), Descriptive research design is a
scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a
subject without influencing it in any way. It is a valid method for researching
specific subjects and as a precursor to more quantitative studies. To put it into
simplified words, descriptive research describes the situation of the study and the
respondents. It commonly answers the questions, “what?” and “how?”
The researchers used descriptive research design in describing and
expounding the relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents
and their level of awareness in proper waste disposal.

34
Comparative research is a research methodology in the social sciences
that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures. It is simply
put, as the act of comparing two or more things with a view to discovering
something about one or all of the things being compared. This technique often
utilizes multiple disciplines in one study.
The researchers used the comparative method to discern what is the
differences and similarities of the grade 11 and 12 students in terms of their level
of awareness about the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on students' online
businesses.
Sources of Data
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in the St. John's Cathedral School's campus. In
1957, the then all-boys institution was founded by Most Rev. Jesus J. Sison, the
then archbishop of the Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan. It is the one of the
oldest Catholic School in Dagupan. It remained a Catholic institution through
various generations, offering primary and secondary education.
The Saint John's Cathedral School offers programs in the elementary and
secondary levels. Known for its liberal arts tradition, the humanities are a key
35
feature of Catholic education at primary and secondary levels of study. It also
has senior high schools and over 2,000 high schools and over 1,500 elementary
students. It is erected at the heart of the city beside the old cathedral of St. John
the Evangelist in Zamora Street.
Population Sampling
The respondents came from all Senior High students, Grade 11 and 12.
However, the researchers only chose 18 students from each strand from Grade
11 and 12 to answer the survey questionnaire.
Table 1 shows the result of the respondents coming from Grade 11 to
Grade 12 students.
TABLE 1: Distribution of Student-Respondents

YEAR LEVEL NO. OF RESPONDENTS
Grade 11 191
Grade 12 186
TOTAL 377
Instrumentation and Data collection
The main data gathering tool in this study are the following:
36
a. A questionnaire that was constructed for the purpose of getting the data
on the awareness of the students on the impacts of COVID-19 in online
businesses.
b. Data gathering were done personally by the researchers during the
second semester of SY 2020-2021. The questionnaires for the students
were administered with the assistance of their adviser
Tools for Data Analysis
To execute promptly the analysis of the data to be gathered, the following
statistical tools statistical tools are used:
Problem No. 1
In problem 1, which is the demographic profile in reference to the age, sex
and grade level of the respondents, the researchers used frequency and
percentage method as their statistical tool to answer the questions raised.
The frequency was determined using the following formula:
% = f x 100 Where:
n % = percentage of the respondents
f = frequency of the respondents
n = total number of respondents
37
Problem No. 2
In problem 2, the level of awareness, about the impacts of COVID-19
pandemic in online businesses, of the respondents was interpreted using the
Average Mean.
The Average Mean was determined using the following formula:
n = ∑fx Where:
∑x n = Average Mean
f = measurement or value of the subject
x = number of measurement
Weighted Mean Likert Scale Descriptive Verbal

Equivalence Interpretation
4 3.1 – 4.00 Highly Aware This means that
the respondents
have high level of
awareness or they
are completely
aware
3 2.1 – 3.00 Aware This means that
the respondents
have average
level of
awareness
2 1.1 – 2.00 Slightly Aware This means that
the respondents
have below
average level of
awareness
1 0.1 – 1.00 Unaware This means that
the respondents
have low level of
38
awareness or they
are not aware at
all.
Interpretation guidelines were formulated by the researchers became the
basis that explains the averages stated below:
The overall average indicates how aware the respondents are when it
comes to the awareness about the COVID-19 impacts in online businesses . The
average for each subscale, shows in which area of impacts of the COVID-19
pandemic on students online businesses are the respondents more
knowledgeable on. A low score in any of these areas indicates that there is still a
need to spread awareness to the students about the impacts of COVID-19
pandemic in online businesses.
APPENDIX A
Letter Requesting to Conduct of the Study
_______________________________
Rev. Msgr. Manuel S. Bravo Jr.
School Director
St. John’s Cathedral School
Dear Sir:
Pax Christi!
39
As part of our academic endeavor in the course, Practical Research I in

St. John’s Cathedral School, Dagupan City, Pangasinan, we are now working on
our thesis entitled Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Students' Online
Businesses Awareness Assessment from Grade 11 and 12 of St. John's
Cathedral School.
In line with this, may we humbly ask your permission for us to float
questionnaires among the Senior High School students in St. John’s Cathedral
School.
Thank you very much for your unwavering support. May God bless you
and the SJCS a thousand fold!
In Jesus the Good Shepherd,

Dave Lawrence R. Austria Leandro A. Castro
Nemialyn C. Cayabyab Jana Evian R. Estrada
Mark Owen S. Fernandez Rowena T. Gandalera
Jeazel Anne L. Juarez John Carlo C. Paras
Francine Althea T. Solomon
Researchers
Noted by:
Jose Ronie S. Banderado, MST Mrs. Rufina E. Prado

Adviser High School Asst. Principal
APPENDIX B
SURVEY - QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Dear respondents,
The researchers are currently in the process of completing their study,

“Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Students' Online Businesses
Awareness Assessment from Grade 11 and 12 of St. John's Cathedral
School inside the campus.” The purpose of this study is to determine the level
of awareness of the Senior High School students when it comes to the impacts of
COVID-19 pandemic on students’ online businesses.
40
With regard to this, may we humbly request you to honestly and

completely accomplish this survey - questionnaire. This will be a great help as
we, the researchers embark on this study. All your answers will be strictly
confidential.
Any questions will be entertained and answered by the researcher(s)
present.
Thank you very much for your time and support!
In Jesus the Good Shepherd,

Researchers
Part I: All about YOU

Name:__________________________________ (optional)
Age: 15 - 17 18 – 20
Sex: Male Female
Grade Level: Grade 11 Grade 12
Part II: Awareness Test
Rate the following on a scale of 1-4 expressing how much you agree and
disagree to to following statements below. Where;
41
Scale Verbal Interpretation
4 Highly Aware Highest level of awareness

3 Aware Average level of awareness
2 Slightly Aware Below average level of awareness
1 Unaware Poor level of awareness
2.1 – Level of Awareness on E-commerce Usage during the Pandemic:

4 3 2 1
1. I am aware of the existing Ecommerce
businesses, websites, apps, and any other
platforms.
2. I am aware on how to use technology in terms
of selling or buying goods and services online.
3. I am aware of the sustainable development
and benefits brought by Ecommerce to its
sellers and buyers during the pandemic.
4. I am aware on the importance of using online
medium in commerce in state of Covid-19
outbreak.
5. I am aware that choosing electronic or online
market can prevent the spread of the
infectious Coronavirus.
6. I am aware that selling and purchasing on
Ecommerce businesses can improve and
reduce our economic crisis.
7. I am aware that in practicing my right as a
seller or consumer in proper ways, I can be a
big help to our cyber enterprise maintenance
during the pandemic.
2.2 – Level of Awareness on “New Normal” in Economy:

4 3 2 1
1. I am aware with what “New Normal" means
and its concept.
2. I am aware that practicing the “New Normal"
in economic activities will help the community
to have a safe and proper management.
3. I am aware of the protocols and guides that
42
consumers and sellers must do when

engaging in business.
4. I am aware of the products and services that
can be purchase online have to adapt in “New
Normal" and high rate usage of Social media.
5. I am aware that there are existing companies
that are conducting and following the
concepts of “New Normal".
6. I am aware that applying the “New Normal" in
business can avoid catching the virus and
lives
7. I am aware that establishing the “New
Normal" in economy is a significant act to
sustain the cleanliness and safety in our
society.
2.3 – Level of Awareness on Effects of Lockdown and Quarantines:

4 3 2 1
1. I am aware of any potential risk of Lockdown
and community quarantines.
2. I am aware that the small businesses are one
of the mostly affected areas as lockdown and
quarantines began.
3. I am aware of the high rate transition of small
businesses into online business and rapid
growth usage of internet.
4. I am aware of the results of Lockdown and
quarantines such as work from home and
social distancing.
5. I am aware that lockdown and quarantine
leads the success, bankruptcy and shutdown
of many businesses.
6. I am aware that lockdown and quarantine
caused many to adapt to the “New Normal"
such as staying at home and using technology
as means of communication, negotiation,
business, etc.
7. I am aware that there are safety protocols and
guides enforced by the government during the
lockdown and community quarantines.
43

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1

Archdiocese of Lingayen – Dagupan Catholic School

never considered. Just like in life, it will be a roller coaster of experience. He or

especially technology that augmented and gave many contributions.

service to their clients. Now, we have what we call Ecommerce. According to

business encyclopedia, Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or

The coronavirus (Covid-19) has a wide-range reaching effect on e-

follows lockdowns procedures as a means of preventing measures. According to

a published article written by Gita Gopinath, Chief Economist, International

Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2020, Covid-19 pandemic pushed economies into a

many emerging market and developing economies. Several countries have

started to recover. However, in the absence of a medical solution, the strength of

China is the central manufacturing hub for many businesses globally.

Therefore, any disruption in China's output will simply have percussions. In

the Chinese products. (

The impact of global economic disruption is as big a threat to low-income

economic effects of the pandemic are already widespread and disproportionate

implementation of lock-down measures across most of sub Saharan Africa, from

impact on economies, curtailing economic activity, forcing businesses to operate

An epidemiological threat such as the new coronavirus, which causes the

U.S. economy is unknown and unknowable, it is clear that is poses tremendous

According to a published article written by Louis Columbus, an Enterprise

retailing, and its initial impact on e-commerce is creating cahllenges to online

being put into improvising customer experiences online.

In the Philippines, the Philippine economy is forecast to contract by 7.3%

in 2020 amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic before growth

(ADB), 2020. The economy is expected to rebound in 2021 as the outbreak is

contained, the economy is further opened, and more government stimulus

overseas Filipino worker remittances.

support and an accomodative monetary policy stance,” said ADB Country

DIRECTOR for the Philippines Kelly Bird.

the government ‘s urgent COVID-19 response, including social protection

livelihood support to help mitigate the impacts on livelihoods and employment

assistance to further scale ip the government's health response against the

pandemic. Following a contraction of 9.0% in the first half of 2020, a slow

economic recovery is expected to start in the second half of 2020, as the

government's fiscal response gains traction and household consumption slowly

picks up on a jobs rebound. Following the relaxation of community quarantines in

2 million, respectively. Consequently, the unemployment rate fell from 17.7% in

April to 10.0% in July.

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a significant toll on economies and

restrictions. In Philippines, Digital 2020 April Statshot reported by Hootsuite and

With consumers resorting more to online shopping amid pandemic

restrictions, entrepreneurs have embraced the digital phenomenon for online

revenues in millions of pesos. Technology has already transformed online

business transactions into an infinite marketplace where conducting business

The effects of lockdown and community quarantines caused by the Covid-

19 pandemic resulted of youth and students on trying and starting businesses

survey of 410 young entrepreneurs across 18 countries and a wide rang of

sectors. 9 out of 10 young entrepreneurs in Asia-Pacific report that coronavirus

(COVID-19) has negatively impacted their businesses. The result present a

troubling picture of how already vulnerable youth-led enterprises are struggling to

survive in the face of an unprecedented economic shock.

in which youth-led enterprises across Asia-Pacific are innovating to support their

communities to combat coronavirus and build back better. Youth-led enterprises

are fighting misinformations, mobilising community action to protect the

AI4GOV in the Philippines, Moner Bondhu in Bangladesh, Accessi Wheels – one

of Youth Co: Lab Philippines 2019 winners.

Survey respondents were asked what measures would help them to

provide clearer guidelines to business, provide incentives, set up E-commerce

platforms, support small businesses to transition to e-commerce platforms or

manage disruption supply chains.

This study is grounded on these following theories: