Scientific Facts behind allergies

A Project Report

Submitted to
Department of Chemistry
Sifal School
Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted by
Sukrit Jung Basnet
Roll No.: 24046
2 February 2023
 Acknowledgment

The student can write an acknowledgement in order to thank all the people who directly or indi-
rectly helped to complete the project. In a scientific writing, acknowledgement is an expression
of a gratitude for assistance in a work. Receiving credit by way of acknowledgement rather than
authorship indicates that the person or organization did not have a direct hand in producing the
work in question, but may have contributed funding, suggestions. criticism, or encouragement to
the author (s).

Student Name:-Sukrit Jung Basnet

Roll No.:-24046
Date:- 2 February

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 Letter of Approval

This is to certify that this project prepared by ”Sukrit Jung Basnet” entitled “Scientific Facts
Behind Allergies” has been well studied. In our opinion, it is satisfactory in the scope and quality
as a project for the required academic level.

Evaluation Committee

................................. ..............................
Internal Examiner External Examiner
Mr Dhanshwor Yonghang Name Sur-
name

Date: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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 Abstract

Allergy is an immune system response to certain substances, known as allergens, that are usually
harmless to most people.

• Methods/procedure/approach: Analyzed different researches .

• Motivation/problem statement: Most common problem seen in today’s generation .

• Results/findings/product: Allergies are basically harmless .

• Conclusion/implications: Maintaining healthy hygienes can avoid allergies .

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Contents
Acknowledgment i

Letter of Approval ii

Abstract iii

Table of Contents iv

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Types of Allergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Causes for Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Factors causing Allergies 3

3 Objectives 4

4 Theory 5
4.1 Scientific Facts about Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Objectives behind Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3 Future Prospects for curing Allergies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5 Conclusions 8

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 CHAPTER I

1 Introduction
Allergies are a common health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. They are caused by
an immune system response to certain substances, known as allergens, that are usually harmless
to most people. When a person with allergies is exposed to an allergen, their immune system
mistakenly identifies it as harmful and releases a number of chemicals, including histamine, to
fight it off. This immune system response can cause a range of symptoms, such as sneezing,
itching, and difficulty breathing.

1.1 Types of Allergy

There are many different types of allergies, including:

1.Respiratory allergies

2. Food allergies

3. Skin allergies

4.Drug allergies

5.Insect sting allergies

6.Latex allergies

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1.2 Causes for Allergies

Allergies are caused by an overactive immune system that reacts to substances that are usually
harmless. These substances, called allergens, can be found in a variety of things, including:

Pollen from flowers, grasses, and trees Dust and mold Foods, such as peanuts, tree nuts, milk,
eggs, and shellfish Insect stings, such as from bees or wasps Medications, such as penicillin

When the body comes into contact with an allergen, it releases chemicals, such as histamine, which
cause allergy symptoms. These symptoms can range from mild (such as a runny nose and itchy
eyes) to severe (such as difficulty breathing and anaphylaxis).

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2 Factors causing Allergies
There are several factors that can increase the likelihood of developing allergies, including:

1.Genetics

2.Environment.

3.Immunodeficiency

4.Other health conditions

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 CHAPTER II

3 Objectives
1. To study the causes of allergies

2. To find the effects of allergies on living body

3. To perform the cure medicine for allergies

4. To understand the causing agent for allergies

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 CHAPTER III

4 Theory

4.1 Scientific Facts about Allergies

1. Asthma and allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever), food allergy, and eczema, are
common for all age groups in the United States. Asthma affects more than 24 million people in
the U.S., including more than 6 million children.

2. Allergies are the 6th leading cause of chronic illness in the U.S. with an annual cost in excess
of 18billion.M orethan50millionAmericanssuf f erf romallergieseachyear.

3. Allergic rhinitis, often called hay fever, is a common condition that causes symptoms such as
sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, watery eyes and itching of the nose, eyes or the roof of the
mouth.

4. Allergic rhinitis can be seasonal or perennial.

5. Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis occur in spring, summer and/or early fall. They are
usually caused by allergic sensitivity to pollens from trees, grasses or weeds, or to airborne mold
spores.

6.People with perennial allergic rhinitis experience symptoms year-round. Perennial allergic rhini-
tis is generally caused by sensitivity to house dust mites, animal dander, cockroaches and/or mold
spores. Underlying or hidden food allergies rarely cause perennial nasal symptoms.

7,Once diagnosed, allergic rhinitis treatment options are: avoidance, eliminating or decreasing
your exposure to the irritants or allergens that trigger your symptoms, medication and immunother-
apy (allergy shots).

8.Immunotherapy (allergy shots) helps reduce hay fever symptoms in about 85

9.The prevalence of food and skin allergies increased in children under 18 years from 1997-2011.3

10.In data published from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 8.4

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4.2 Objectives behind Allergies

The main objective of allergies is to protect the body from harmful substances, such as toxins or
infections. When the body encounters an allergen, it produces antibodies to fight off the substance
and protect the body from harm. However, in some cases, the body’s immune system can overreact
to an allergen, resulting in an allergic reaction that is out of proportion to the threat posed by the
allergen. This can lead to severe symptoms and even life-threatening reactions, such as anaphy-
laxis. The main goal of allergy treatment is to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of an allergic
reaction and to prevent future reactions from occurring. This can be achieved through the use of
medications or through the use of immunotherapy. Overall, the objective of allergies is to protect
the body and improve the quality of life for individuals who suffer from allergies.

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4.3 Future Prospects for curing Allergies

There are a number of promising avenues for research and development in the field of allergy
treatment, which hold the potential to significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with
allergies.

One promising approach is the use of immunotherapy, which involves gradually exposing the body
to increasing amounts of the allergen in order to build up tolerance. This can be done through the
use of allergy shots or sublingual immunotherapy, in which the allergen is taken in the form of a
pill or drops placed under the tongue.

Another promising area of research is the development of new medications that can more effec-
tively control allergy symptoms. For example, new antihistamines that have fewer side effects or
that work in a different way are being developed. In addition, researchers are exploring the poten-
tial use of monoclonal antibodies, which are proteins that can specifically target and neutralize the
substances that cause allergic reactions.

Overall, the future prospects for curing allergies are promising, and it is likely that new and more
effective treatments will continue to be developed in the coming years. However, it is important to
note that allergies cannot be completely cured at this time, and the best way to manage allergies is
to avoid exposure to allergens and to use appropriate treatment to control symptoms when they do
occur.

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 CHAPTER VI

5 Conclusions
In conclusion, allergies are a serious health problem. Although there are medicines that relieve al-
lergy symptoms, the only cure for allergy is the use of immunotherapy, which changes the patient’s
response to the allergen. Immunotherapy is usually prescribed for patients that do not respond to
the usual medicines.

There are a number of precautions that individuals with allergies can take to help prevent or reduce
the severity of allergic reactions. Some of these precautions include:

Avoiding known allergens: One of the most effective ways to prevent allergic reactions is to avoid
exposure to the substances that cause allergies. This can be difficult, as allergens can be found in a
wide range of sources, such as food, medications, and the environment. However, identifying the
specific allergens that trigger symptoms and taking steps to avoid them can help to reduce the risk
of allergic reactions.

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Using medications as prescribed: If you have allergies, it is important to follow your doctor’s
instructions for taking any prescribed medications, such as antihistamines or corticosteroids. These
medications can help to prevent or reduce the severity of allergic reactions.

Wearing protective clothing: In some cases, it may be necessary to wear protective clothing, such
as a hat, gloves, or a mask, to reduce the risk of exposure to allergens.

Keeping an epinephrine injector on hand: If you have severe allergies, it is important to have an
epinephrine injector (also known as an EpiPen) on hand at all times in case of a severe allergic
reaction, such as anaphylaxis.

Seeking medical attention if necessary: If you have an allergic reaction, it is important to seek
medical attention if you experience severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, chest tightness,
or loss of consciousness.

Overall, taking these precautions can help to reduce the risk of allergic reactions and improve the
quality of life for individuals with allergies.

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References
Halland, P. (2022, December 22). Allergies. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 29, 2023, from wikipedia.com

Cruise, H. (2022, March 2). Types of Allergies. Wikipedia. Retrieved January 29, 2023, from
wikipedia.com

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