CEA Regulations : Construction of

Electric Plants and Electric Lines

Chapter II – Part A & B

 CEA (Technical Standards for Construction of
Electric Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations
Reg. 1 – Title
Reg 2. – Definitions

Chapter I – General Requirements – Reg. 3

Chapter II - Technical Standards for Construction of Thermal Generating Stations – Reg. 4

Part A – Common to All Thermal Generating Stations – Reg. 5 – 6
Part B – Coal or Lignite Based Thermal Generating Stations – Reg. 7 – 13
Part C – Gas Turbine Based Thermal Generating Stations – Reg. 14 – 22
Part D – Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Based Thermal Generating Station – Reg. 23 – 31

Chapter III - Technical Standards for Construction of Hydro-Electric Generating Stations –

Reg. 32 – 42

Chapter IV - Technical Standards for Construction of Sub-Stations and Switchyard

Part A – Substations and Switchyard (66 kV and above) – Reg. 43 – 49
Part B – Substations (33/11 kV, 33/22 kV and 22/11 kV) – Reg. 50 – 73
Part C – Distribution Substations – Reg. 74 – 83
Chapter V - Technical Standards for Construction of Electric Lines
Part A – Electric Lines (66 kV and above) – Reg. 84 – 88
Part B - Electric Lines (33 kV and below) – Reg. 89 – 108

Schedule I – List of Electrical Protection Functions for Thermal Generating Stations

Schedule II – Design Requirements for Ash Handling System

Schedule III – The Minimum Load for Continuous Operation for various types of
hydraulic turbines

Schedule IV – Minimum protections to be provided for Hydro Electric Generating

Units

Schedule V – Protection Details of Transmission Lines, Transformers, Reactors and

Bus Bars

Schedule VI – Part A - Technical Details of HVDC Terminals / Stations

Part B - Technical Details of Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based
HVDC Terminals / Stations

Schedule VII - Right-of-way (ROW) for normal route, forest area, urban area,
populated area and approach section near substation
 Regulations 2 – Definitions
Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating (BMCR) – Max steam output that can deliver
continuously at rated parameters

House load – operating in isolation and catering its own auxiliaries

Hot Start – start up after a shutdown period of less than 10 hours (turbine metal
temperatures below approximately 80% of their full load values) – steam
available – HFO can be used

Warm Start – start up after a shutdown period between 10 hours and 72 hours
(turbine metal temperatures between approximately 40% to 80% of their full
load values) – steam available – HFO can be used

Cold Start - start up after a shutdown period exceeding 72 hours (turbine metal
temperatures below approximately 40% of their full load values) – LDO
required till steam generated i.e. 7.5 % MCR

Black Start – able to start generating power on own – without external supply /
following grid failure
 Regulation 5
Life :
Coal / Lignite > 25 years
Gas / IC > 15 years

Environmental norms – MoEF&CC, CPCB, SPCB – Ambient Air, Gaseous

Emissions, Liquid Effluent Discharges, Solid Waste Disposal

Noise level – 85 dB

All equipment (except mills, pulverized fuel pipeline and electrical equipment)
skin temperature shall be < 60 °C – insulation

VFD / Hydraulic Coupling – major auxiliary – BFP and ID fan

 Regulation 6
Site Selection :
Avoid proximity to geological faults, high flood zone of rivers, high tide zone
of sea
Adequate land
Adequate water
Transportation Feasibility - road / rail - fuel and equipment
Power Evacuation

Layout :
Optimum land and minimum system loss
Adequate space for maintenance – assembly, disassembly, handling
Wind direction for relative location – CT and Switchyard; Chimney & Ash
Disposal Area - Township and Habitat areas
Mill bunker – away from TG area – to avoid dust
Space for future installation of FGD
 Regulation 7
Unit shall give MCR at Max cooling water temperature, Worst fuel and Grid
frequency band

Steam turbine – sustain – minimum – 4000 hot starts; 1000 warm starts and
150 cold starts

Quick start and loading / unloading (above 50 % MCR) – Ramp rate – 3 % /

minute; 70 to 100 % MCR – 3 % / minute; 55 – 70 % MCR – 2 % / minute; 40
– 55 % MCR - 1 % / minute

Capable of automatically coming down to house load in sudden load throw off
 Steam Generator – Regulation 8
50 𝑥 𝐴+630 (𝑀+9 𝑥 𝐻)
Min. Guaranteed Efficiency of boiler = 92.5 -
𝐻𝐻𝑉
A – Ash %; M – Moisture %, H – Hydrogen % and HHV – GCV
Domestic > 86 % ; Imported > 89 %

BMCR for worst fuel – at least 102 % of steam under VWO + Auxiliary

Pressure Parts, Valves , piping - Indian Boiler Regulations

Furnace capable of Pressure + / - 660 mmwc

Max. Avg. Gas velocity – 10 m/sec (local – 12 m / sec) – erosion

Start up / Low load – Fuel Oil – LDO / HFO – no oil above 40 % unit load
Sufficient spare mill – atleast one mill for MCR at worst coal

Bunker – 12 hours coal w.r.t. MCR

Coal fineness after pulverizers – atleast 70 % thru 200 mesh (75 micons); 98 %
thru 50 mesh (300 microns)

FD – 2 x 60 % and ID – 2 x 60 %

ESP – to remove Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Shall have full capacity at MCR at worst coal with One electric filed in each
pass out of service

Each hopper storage capacity – 8 hours at MCR

 Air Cycle
Coal + Primary Air Coal Mill

Refined Coal + Secondary Air Boiler

Primary Air – Lift coal from mill till boiler

Primary Air Temp – not more than 80 °C

Secondary Air – Burn the coal inside boiler

PA Pressure > Secondary Air Pressure

PA Volume < Secondary Air Volume

 Steam Turbine – Regulation 9
Guaranteed Heat Rate shall not exceed prescribed limits

Steam through turbine under VWO = 105 % steam at MCR

Lubricating Oil – temperature and movement – Main Oil Pump, AC driven Aux.
pump (back up), DC pump (emergency)

Jacking oil – high pressure oil – to lift during starting - 2 x 100 % pumps (one AC
and one DC)

Over speed auto trip – Emergency hand trip

Turbine bypass – 60 % for sudden turbine trip – house load

CEP – 3 x 50 % or 2 X 100 %BFP – 2 x 50 % or 1 x 100 % TDBFP + 1 x 50

MDBFP
 Balance of Plant – Regulation 12
Coal Handling Plant
Ash Handling Plant
Fuel Oil System
Water System
Fire Detection, Alarm and Protection System
Compressed Air – pneumatic valves
Laboratories – Electrical, C & I, Chemical
 Regulation 12 (1) – Coal Handling Plant
Transportation – Rail, MGR, Belt Conveyor, Ropeway etc,

Meet day’s requirement (BMCR at worst coal + margin 10 %) in 14 hours (10 hours for maintenance, other
issues)

100 % stand by stream

Each stream – 2 x 75 % or 3 x 50 % feeders and 2 x 50 % crushers

One conveyor shall not be for more than 3 units

Rail Transportation – marshalling yard for handling of wagons and unloading system
facilitate return of empty wagon in time prescribed by Indian railways for worst
seasonal condition

Weigh bridges – plant; Belt weighers – unit

Magnetic Separator – Ferrous Metal

Metal Detector – non ferrous material

 Coal Handling Plant
Considering : HR = 2450 kCal / kWhr; GCV = 3150 kCal / kg

Specific coal required = 2450 / 3150 = 0.77778 kg / kWhr

Daily Coal Requirement for 1000 MW = 24 x 1000 X 1000 X 2450 / 3150 = 18666
tons i.e. 773.78 Tons / Hr

Coal Stock Yard Capacity (10 days) = 24 X 10 X 0.85 X 773.78 = 157851 Tons

Peak daily coal required on BMCR i.e. 2 x 538 MW = 833 Tons / Hr

Considering 14 hours Coal Supply = 833 X 24 / 14 = 1428 Tons / Hr

With 10 % margin, total = 1570.8 Tons / Hr 1600 Tons / Hr (Rounded off)
 Regulation 12 (3) – Ash Handling System
MoEF&CC, CPCB and SPCB

Fly Ash (80 %) – ESP, Air Pre – Heaters, Chimney

Bottom Ash (20 %) – Bottom of the Boiler, Economizer

Facility – 100 % fly ash extraction and transportation to silos in dry form

Silo Storage capacity – 16 Hrs ash at MCR

In addition, wet slurry disposal

Wet Slurry – AWRS – recycle – reuse water

 Ash Handling Plant
Capable of ash w.r..t worst coal at BMCR

Fly Ash – ESP and Chimney : 90 % ; AHP – 5 %;

Bottom Ash – Furnace Bottom – 25 % ; Economizer – 5 %;

Removal Rate – Fly Ash – 8 hours collection in 6 hours – 100 % stand by system

Removal Rate – Bottom Ash – Jet pump – once or twice in shift – 100 % stand
by system
Submerged scrapper – continuous – 100 % stand by
system

Ash slurry disposal – two pump stream stand by

One stand by stream for high concentration slurry

Considering Ash % in worst coal – 46;

Ash produced for 500 MW unit at BMCR = 416.5 X 0.46 = 191.6 Tons / Hr
 Ash Handling Plant
Fly ash max – ESP – 90 % - 172 Tons / Hr; AHP – 5 % -
9.6 T/Hr; and Chimney – 0.5 % - 0.96 T/Hr; Total – 183
T / Hr

Bottom ash max – Furnace bottom – 25 % - 47.9 tons /

Hr; Economizer – 5 % - 9.6 T/ Hr; Total – 56. 5 T / Hr

Extraction Capacity Required

Fly ash – ( 183 x 8)/6 = 244 T / Hr
Bottom ash – (56. 5 x 8)/6 = 75.5 T / Hr
 Regulation 13 – Civil Works
Site leveling – 1.0 m above High Flood Level

Adequate glazing for natural light and adequate ventilation

Chimney – Guidelines of MoEF&CC, CPCB and SPCB

Clearance – Airport Authority of India
Alternate bands of red and white for aviation safety
Aviation obstruction lighting

Drainage – to max rainfall intensity of 50 years frequency

 500 MW unit subcritical parameters
Investment – 5 Cr / MW
Coal - 300 - 360 tons
Steam – 1500 tons
Air – 1800 tons
PA – 600 tons
FD – 1200 tons
 Area (2 x 500 MW)
Main Plant :
TG – 30 Acres
Switchyard – 26 Acres
Roads – 20 Acres
Water Reservoir – 40 Acres
Stores – 40 Acres
CHP – 220 Acres
Misc. – 74 Acres
Total Main Plant – 450 Acres

Green Belt – 150 Ares

AHP – 500 Acres
MGR and Other areas – 220 Acres
Town ship – 100 Acres
Total – 1420 Acres
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