Contents:

1. Introduction to enlargement and reduction

2. Methods
a. Photographic
b. Instrumental/mechanical
i. Pantograph
ii. Episcope
c. Graphical
i. Square method
ii. Triangular method
3. Scale factor : step to enlarge or reduce map
4. Exercise

Introduction to enlargement and reduction

A small-scale map can be enlarged to show more details and conversely, a large-scale map can
be reduced.

Photographic:

Square method:

Steps to enlarge or reduce:

1. Use a scale: In doing this, the dimensions of the original image and the reproduced
image can be kept in proportion.

If scale would be enlarged:

X = scale of required / scale of original map

If scale would be reduced:

1/x= scale of required / scale of original map

The degree of change by which an original image has been enlarged or reduced is
called a scale factor, or an enlargement/reduction factor. Enlargements with scale
factor 2 have been doubled. If shapes have been reduced by half, the scale factor is .

Source: Geography For Upsc Prelims, 3E By Singh